CN110117460A - 水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料及其制备和施工方法 - Google Patents

水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料及其制备和施工方法 Download PDF

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CN110117460A
CN110117460A CN201910327802.6A CN201910327802A CN110117460A CN 110117460 A CN110117460 A CN 110117460A CN 201910327802 A CN201910327802 A CN 201910327802A CN 110117460 A CN110117460 A CN 110117460A
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曹雪娟
苗成成
伍燕
李志豪
李凯
吴博文
高�豪
苏玥
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Chongqing Mingchu New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料及制备和施工方法，涂料包括：水性聚氨酯乳液90‑95份，氨水0.1‑0.5份，色浆0‑1份，抗滑填料10‑20份，消泡剂0.5‑0.8份，分散剂0.5‑1.0份，增稠剂0.2‑0.6份，流平剂1.0‑2.0份，二丙二醇甲醚6‑15份；水性聚氨酯乳液包括：二月桂酸二丁基锡0.1‑0.2份，聚丙二醇2000 10‑15份，聚己二酸‑1,4‑丁二醇酯5‑8份，2,2‑二羟甲基丙酸1.3‑2份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯10‑15份，季戊四醇0.5‑0.85份，丙酮6‑8份，1,4‑丁二醇1.5‑2份，三乙胺0.8‑1.2份，γ‑氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷1‑2份，水55‑60份。

Description

水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料及其制备和施工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及道路工程技术领域，具体涉及一种水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料及其制备和施工方法。
背景技术
近些年来，随着环保政策的完善，经济的发展，居民生活水平的提高，人们对道路与环境的协调有了更高的要求，因此彩色路面市场逐渐打开，其中彩色压印运用广泛。作为其重要组成部分的涂料引起了大家的关注，但是目前彩色压印施工都采用的是美国进口涂料。为了响应彩色铺装的需求，提升彩色压印的品质，彩色涂料国产化这一难题得以提出并研究。彩色涂料在实际工程中的运用，需要同时满足颜色明艳、耐磨耐候、耐腐蚀、黏附性强等优点，同时还需具备加工工艺简化，成本低廉的特点，在道路中使用颜色鲜艳的彩色涂层，还可以达到提示驾驶员的注意力，避免安全事故的发生。现今应用于路面工程与交通安全的彩色涂料其耐磨性、耐候性、耐腐蚀性以及黏附性均不太理想。
随着科学与技术的进步，安全性能对于路面的行驶已上升到更高的要求，路面表层因抗滑性能衰减而导致安全系数降低的问题也越来越得到重视。我国是世界上交通事故发生最严重的国家之一，近年来，机动车保有量的增加，使得交通事故具有愈演愈烈的趋势，其中由于路面抗滑性能的衰减而导致的交通事故量占据较大比例。但由于各种现有条件的限制，已建的高速公路或城市道路在运营使用中出现众多病害问题，如裂缝、车辙、沉陷、泛油、坑槽、松散剥落和表面磨光等，导致道路运营能力、行驶舒适性和安全性急剧下降，其中路面表层抗滑性能不足是造成安全危机的极大隐患。当路面表层在通车使用一段时间后，表面构造深度和抗滑系数会随着通车量的增加而减低，形成表层磨光现象，加之雨水湿润，造成湿滑，抗滑系数更低，路面表层附着系数不到干燥铺装路面附着系数的一半，驾驶制动力等也随着附着系数变小而降低，相应的刹车距离也会增加一倍以上，因此极容易出现车辆打滑、追尾等安全问题，导致人民的财产甚至生命受损，对个人、对家庭、对社会都会造成严重的影响。因此，如何通过有效的措施改善和恢复路面抗滑性能已成为当下道路安全研究的重点之一。
涂料在固化和成膜过程中向空气中散发的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)是重要的环境污染物之一，对人体健康和环境构成了严重的污染和威胁。为此，世界各国都制定了相应的环保法规，限制涂料中VOC的排放。近年来，我国政府对涂料应用中释放的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)提出了严格的限制要求。有机涂层的应用是使物件表面结构免受外界条件，如水、各种气体、各种光辐射等腐蚀的最常见和经济的方法之一。涂料通常由树脂化合物、小分子添加剂、功能性助剂和有机溶剂等组成。大多情况下，使用溶剂来降低树脂的黏度并增加涂料的浸润性以达到更强的黏附力。而常用溶剂如甲苯、二甲苯等多数属于易挥发性有机溶剂，在涂料进行干燥和固化时通常被释放到空气中，不仅影响环境，也会对人、畜等造成危害。目前已有一个有效的改进方案是以水性涂料、高固含涂料等环保型涂料来取代传统的有机溶剂型涂料。其中，水性涂料主要用水代替有机溶剂，减少甚至避免了有机溶剂的使用，可以大幅度地降低VOC的排放，且水性涂料对施工要求低，因此水性涂料备受青睐。水性聚氨酯(WPU)涂料、水性丙烯酸酯涂料、水性环氧树脂涂料、水性紫外光(UV)固化涂料等几类主要的环保型水性涂料成为了研究热点。目前虽然个别水性涂料已经得到了工业应用，但仍需开发更多、更优异的水性涂料以完善其应用性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述问题提供一种水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料及其制备和施工方法。
实现该目的的技术方案是：
一种水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料，包括的组分及其重量份数比为：水性聚氨酯乳液90-95份，氨水0.1-0.5份，色浆0-1份，抗滑填料10-20份，消泡剂0.5-0.8份，分散剂0.5-1.0份，增稠剂0.2-0.6份，流平剂1.0-2.0份，二丙二醇甲醚6-15份；所述的水性聚氨酯乳液包括的组分及其重量份数比为：二月桂酸二丁基锡0.1-0.2份，聚丙二醇200010-15份，聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯5-8份，2,2-二羟甲基丙酸1.3-2份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯10-15份，季戊四醇0.5-0.85份，丙酮6-8份，1,4-丁二醇1.5-2份，三乙胺0.8-1.2份，γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷1-2份，水55-60份。
所述抗滑填料由石英砂、碳酸钙、硫酸钡按重量份数比3-5:1:2-4混合得到。
上述水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
一、制备水性聚氨酯乳液，包括如下步骤：
1)2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、季戊四醇减压除水；2)将聚丙二醇、二月桂酸二丁基锡和聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯减压干燥、降温，加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和步骤1)的2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、季戊四醇进行反应；3)加入1,4-丁二醇继续反应，当NCO含量降到理论值后，加入丙酮降低粘度，降温，加入三乙胺中和搅拌；4)加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷继续反应；5)反应结束后加水进行乳化；
二、制备水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料，包括如下步骤：
1)在水性聚氨酯乳液中加入分散剂、部分消泡剂，加入氨水，调节pH＝7-8，搅拌；2)分批加入混合好的抗滑填料和色浆，搅拌；3)加入剩余的消泡剂、增稠剂、流平剂，搅拌；4)加入二丙二醇甲醚，继续搅拌，即得。
前述水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料的施工方法，包括如下步骤：
①基面处理：将沥青混凝土基面进行清洁处理；
②胶结料摊铺：将准备好的水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料，按照1.5-2.5Kg/m2用量平均分三份进行摊铺或喷涂，第一份摊铺完成后，在其表面撒布耐磨碎石，待其表干后再摊铺第二份涂料，待其表干后，摊铺第三份，待其充分干燥，强度形成，即可通车。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的目的在于提高路面抗滑性能，确保路面产生较大摩擦，减少安全事故的发生。采用具有一定强度、又具有一定韧性的水性聚氨酯作为胶粘剂，稳定性好；通过对磨耗材料的筛选、用量的考察，确定了填料配比，制备了一种具有耐磨性能的涂料，区别于传统耐磨涂料，本发明使用单组份胶粘剂，施工操作更加便捷。除此之外，水性聚氨酯与溶剂型涂料相比，安全环保，更加符合环保需求。本发明涂料还可应用在建筑、木材、皮革、道路等各个领域，应用面广。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但并不因此而限制本发明。
下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特别说明，均为常规方法。
实施例1合成水性聚氨酯乳液
合成水性聚氨酯乳液，采用的原料及配比(按重量份数比)为：二月桂酸二丁基锡0.1-0.2份，聚丙二醇200010-15份，聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯5-8份，2,2-二羟甲基丙酸1.3-2份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯10-15份，季戊四醇0.5-0.85份，丙酮6-8份，1,4-丁二醇1.5-2份，三乙胺0.8-1.2份，γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷1-2份，水(去离子水)55-60份。
合成步骤如下：
①2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、季戊四醇在80℃下减压除水2小时。
②将聚丙二醇、二月桂酸二丁基锡和聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯在120℃下减压干燥2小时，降温至85℃，加入2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、季戊四醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯反应2小时；反应方程式如下：
③控制体系温度85℃，加入1,4-丁二醇(BDO)继续反应，反应期间检测NCO(异氰酸酯基)含量。
④当NCO含量降到理论值后，加入丙酮降低粘度，然后降低温度至40℃，加入三乙胺中和，搅拌5-10分钟；反应方程式如下：
⑤加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷，在40℃反应1.5h。
⑥反应结束后，在高速剪切机剪切作用下加水进行乳化。
⑦密封储存。
根据上述工艺制备的水性聚氨酯乳液呈乳白色，半透明并且泛蓝光，具有良好的成膜性能。根据实验确定季戊四醇的用量，不但使其具有良好的弹塑性，而且有良好的强度和韧性，并且为体型结构；使用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯制备聚氨酯，可以使材料不易黄化；γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的加入，增加了聚氨酯与物体的粘接性能；用去离子水代替大量溶剂，可以使聚氨酯拥有更好的使用性能，环保性能和安全性能。
采用前述的原料配比及方法制备得到5个水性聚氨酯乳液样品，各原料及其配比如表1所示：
表1水性聚氨酯乳液样品配比
将表1中的5个样品用于聚氨酯膜制备进行性能检测：分别将5个水性聚氨酯乳液样品涂于聚四氟乙烯板上，60℃干燥4小时，然后检测性能，结果如表2所示：
表2性能检测结果
实施例2制备水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料
制备水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料，原料及配比(重量份数比)：实施例1制备的水性聚氨酯乳液90-95份，氨水0.1-0.5份，色浆0-1份，抗滑填料10-20份(由石英砂、碳酸钙、硫酸钡按重量份数比3-5:1:2-4混合得到)，消泡剂0.5-0.8份，分散剂0.5-1.0份，增稠剂0.2-0.6份，流平剂1.0-2.0份，二丙二醇甲醚6-15份。
制备步骤如下：
1)在实施例1制备的水性聚氨酯乳液中加入分散剂、部分消泡剂(消泡剂总重量份数为0.5-0.8份时，此时加入0.1-0.2份消泡剂)，加入氨水，调节pH＝7-8，400r/min搅拌20-30min；
2)提高转速600r/min分批加入混合好的抗滑填料和色浆，填料加入完毕后搅拌20-30min；
3)加入剩余的消泡剂、增稠剂、流平剂，达到一定粘度，再搅拌20-30min；
4)加入二丙二醇甲醚，继续搅拌20-30min；
5)搅拌结束后，密闭储存，静止24小时后使用。
本水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料使用水性聚氨酯作为胶粘剂，色浆上色，石英砂、碳酸钙、硫酸钡为抗滑磨耗层填料，助剂使涂料具有良好的使用性。本发明涂料使用方法：喷涂、滚刷等，待水分挥发，形成强度。
采用上述原料配比和方法制备得到5个不同的水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料样品。各组分配比如表3所示，其中样品6、7、8、9、10采用的水性聚氨酯乳液分别是实施例1中的样品1、2、3、4、5。
表3水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料配比(重量份数比)
组分/配比(重量份数比) 样品6 样品7 样品8 样品9 样品10
实施例1制备的水性聚氨酯乳液 90 91 94 95 93
氨水 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3
色浆 1 0 0 1 1
分散剂 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.7
抗滑填料 10 15 20 19 14
消泡剂 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.5
增稠剂 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5
流平剂 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.4
二丙二醇甲醚 6 7 15 12 8
样品6--10中的抗滑填料的具体组分配比如表4所示：
表4抗滑填料配比(重量份数比)
抗滑填料组分 样品6 样品7 样品8 样品9 样品10
石英砂 3 3 4 4 5
碳酸钙 1 1 1 1 1
硫酸钡 3 2 4 4 2
分别采用样品6、7、8、9、10制备涂料膜进行性能测试。涂料膜制备：将水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料涂于聚四氟乙烯板上，60-70℃干燥4小时。性能测试结果如表5所示：
表5性能测试结果
实施例3水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料的施工方法
采用实施例2制备的水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料在路面施工，按照如下步骤操作：
①基面处理：将沥青混凝土基面进行清洁处理，去除表面落叶、灰尘等。
②胶结料摊铺：将准备好的水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料，按照1.5-2.5Kg/m2用量平均分三份进行摊铺或喷涂，第一份摊铺完成后，在其表面撒布耐磨碎石，待其表干后再摊铺第二份涂料，待其表干后，摊铺第三份，待其充分干燥，强度形成，即可通车。
③集料回收：待薄层抗滑层材料固化后，扫去表面多余的粗石料。

Claims (4)

1.一种水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料，其特征在于，包括的组分及其重量份数比为：水性聚氨酯乳液90-95份，氨水0.1-0.5份，色浆0-1份，抗滑填料10-20份，消泡剂0.5-0.8份，分散剂0.5-1.0份，增稠剂0.2-0.6份，流平剂1.0-2.0份，二丙二醇甲醚6-15份；所述的水性聚氨酯乳液包括的组分及其重量份数比为：二月桂酸二丁基锡0.1-0.2份，聚丙二醇2000 10-15份，聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯5-8份，2,2-二羟甲基丙酸1.3-2份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯10-15份，季戊四醇0.5-0.85份，丙酮6-8份，1,4-丁二醇1.5-2份，三乙胺0.8-1.2份，γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷1-2份，水55-60份。
2.如权利要求1所述的水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料，其特征在于，所述抗滑填料由石英砂、碳酸钙、硫酸钡按重量份数比3-5:1:2-4混合得到。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
一、制备水性聚氨酯乳液，包括如下步骤：
1)2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、季戊四醇减压除水；2)将聚丙二醇、二月桂酸二丁基锡和聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯减压干燥、降温，加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和步骤1)的2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、季戊四醇进行反应；3)加入1,4-丁二醇继续反应，当NCO含量降到理论值后，加入丙酮降低粘度，降温，加入三乙胺中和搅拌；4)加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷继续反应；5)反应结束后加水进行乳化；
二、制备水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料，包括如下步骤：
1)在水性聚氨酯乳液中加入分散剂、部分消泡剂，加入氨水，调节pH＝7-8，搅拌；2)分批加入混合好的抗滑填料和色浆，搅拌；3)加入剩余的消泡剂、增稠剂、流平剂，搅拌；4)加入二丙二醇甲醚，继续搅拌，即得。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料的施工方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
①基面处理：将沥青混凝土基面进行清洁处理；
②胶结料摊铺：将准备好的水性抗滑抗磨耗涂料，按照1.5-2.5Kg/m2用量平均分三份进行摊铺或喷涂，第一份摊铺完成后，在其表面撒布耐磨碎石，待其表干后再摊铺第二份涂料，待其表干后，摊铺第三份，待其充分干燥，强度形成，即可通车。
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