CN110115772A - 羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统 - Google Patents
羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110115772A CN110115772A CN201910515451.1A CN201910515451A CN110115772A CN 110115772 A CN110115772 A CN 110115772A CN 201910515451 A CN201910515451 A CN 201910515451A CN 110115772 A CN110115772 A CN 110115772A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统。该纳米系统通过液态氟碳纳米粒携带化疗药物以及新吲哚菁绿,外层包裹羟基磷灰石制备而成。其中液态氟碳具有超声造影的功能,可以用于肿瘤部位的诊断;作为光疗剂的新吲哚菁绿具有良好的光热效应以及光动力效应;羟基磷灰石能够提高纳米系统的稳定性以及生物相容性。该纳米系统将化疗与光疗相结合,并在治疗的同时具有超声成像和光声成像功能,使治疗与诊断同时进行,有利于提高效率并减少毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗药物领域,具体涉及羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统。
背景技术
超声(Ultrasound,US)具有良好的组织穿透性和生物安全性,由于其低成本、实时、无辐射以及无创伤的优点,临床上使用超声进行诊断。在近十年中,具有相变能力的液态氟碳(perfluorocarbon,PFC)在超声成像领域得到了极大的关注,液态氟碳纳米粒作为超声造影剂,可通过EPR效应穿过肿瘤血管内皮间隙到达肿瘤细胞,并在声致相变(acoustic droplet vaporization,ADV)、光致相变(optical droplet vaporization,ODV)或磁致相变(magnetic droplet vaporization,MDV)等条件由发生液相转变为气相,形成微泡以增强超声显影。液态氟碳纳米粒的成功制备很好解决了超声显影中存在的问题,还有望将肿瘤的诊断与治疗集于一体。
光疗(Phototherapy)包括光热治疗(photothermal therapy,PTT)以及光动力治疗(photodynamic therapy,PDT),在近十年受到了广泛关注,其无创性、高选择性和低全身毒性具有良好的应用前景。光热治疗是通过光照射到肿瘤部位使其局部温度升高来杀伤肿瘤细胞,对全身系统毒性和伤害较小,因此光热治疗是一种非常有潜力替代手术的治疗肿瘤的治疗方案。为了提高激光诱导的光热治疗的效率和肿瘤选择性,通常会将具有光吸收性能的光热治疗剂导入肿瘤部位,因此能够高效吸收近红外光并转化为热能的光热转换剂就成为了研究的焦点。光动力治疗是光敏剂被肿瘤细胞选择性吸收后,在激发光源的作用下产生活性氧(ROS),包括单线态氧、超氧阴离子以及含氧自由基等,造成不可逆的损伤来杀伤肿瘤细胞,其中以单线态氧杀伤能力最强。花青染料新吲哚菁绿(IR820),具有与吲哚菁绿相似的光热特性,但具有更好的稳定性以及更高的单线态氧量子产率,同时具备光热效应以及光动力效应,是一种较好的光疗材料。
治疗诊断学(Theranostics)的目的是将药物治疗与诊断相结合,对病人同时实现治疗和诊断,是医疗发展的一个趋势。传统的诊断与治疗是相对分开进行的,需要多次给予诊断制剂以及治疗药物,通过诊疗一体化制剂将诊断与治疗相结合,减少给药次数,降低毒副作用,减轻患者的痛苦。
羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HAP)是脊椎动物骨和齿的主要成分,具有良好的生物相容性,它无毒、无刺激、可降解,而且不会导致过敏、突变、溶血和组织损坏。此外纳米羟基磷灰石可以透过细胞膜进入细胞,甚至进入溶酶体、线粒体、细胞核等细胞器,可在胞内作用于生物大分子、催化胞内生化反应甚至影响细胞内基因表达等。目前,羟基磷灰石可以用于骨骼损伤的修复,并且纳米羟基磷灰石作为药物载体、基因载体以及在抗肿瘤活性等方面表现出了巨大的潜力。在肿瘤治疗方面,纳米羟基磷灰石不仅可以作为药物载体,其本身也具有抑制肿瘤的作用。通过其较大的比表面积、良好的稳定性和穿透生物膜的能力,携带药物进入肿瘤细胞,使肿瘤细胞内钙离子浓度增高,影响细胞器功能等机理,引起细胞毒性,协同抗肿瘤药物抑制肿瘤细胞生长。
本发明公开的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统,将具有超声显影功能的液态氟碳,具有光热效应和光动力效应的新吲哚菁绿与能提高液态氟碳稳定性并协同抑制肿瘤细胞的羟基磷灰石结合起来,使纳米系统具有药物装载能力,超声及近红外光触发药物释放,光疗与化疗相结合,超声成像,光声成像等功能的载药多功能复合纳米系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于通过包裹羟基磷灰石提高液态氟碳纳米粒超声显影剂的稳定性,装载药物多西他赛以及光热材料新吲哚菁绿来实现化疗与光疗相结合,提供一种具有药物装载能力,超声及近红外光触发药物释放,光疗与化疗相结合,超声成像,光声成像等功能的新的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统。该新型羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统粒径较小,可通过肿瘤部位的EPR效应实现被动靶向。液态氟碳纳米粒通过羟基磷灰石的包裹具有更好的物理稳定性,可以在到达靶点前保持液态氟碳的稳定。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
步骤1:称取适量的大豆卵磷脂、多西他赛以及新吲哚菁绿溶解于二氯甲烷,通过减压旋转蒸发除去二氯甲烷,得到载药及新吲哚菁绿的磷脂膜,然后加入适量的水,超声使其溶解,得到脂质混悬液。
步骤2:将步骤1得到的脂质混悬液用超声波细胞破碎仪超声一段时间,得到纳米脂质体,将该纳米脂质体于冰箱中冷却。
步骤3:向步骤2得到的纳米脂质体加入一定量液态氟碳,冰浴条件下,用超声波细胞破碎仪进行超声,即得到载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米粒。
步骤4:将步骤3得到的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米粒分散在一定量的水中,于冰浴条件下搅拌并加入NaOH溶液使溶液呈碱性,接着分别加入摩尔比为10:6的CaCl2溶液和H3PO4溶液搅拌一段时间后,得到羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米混悬液。
步骤5:将步骤4得到的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米混悬液离心,将沉淀洗涤3次,复溶于水后得到羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统。
本发明应用乳化法和化学合成法成功制备了羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统,可发挥携带药物,超声、光声成像,光疗和化疗相结合的目的。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统的粒径分布图。
图2为本发明实施例1中羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统的透射电镜图。
图3为本发明实施例2中羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统的相变显微镜观察图。
图4为本发明实施例2中羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统的光热升温曲线图。
图5为本发明实施例2中羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统的光动力效应实验图。
图6为本发明实施例2中羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统的体外超声显影图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明进行详细描述,但本发明并不仅限于下述实施例。
实施例1
1.载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米粒的制备
将30mg大豆卵磷脂、4mg多西他赛和4mg新吲哚菁绿溶于2mL二氯甲烷中,通过减压旋转蒸发除去二氯甲烷,形成载药及新吲哚菁绿磷脂膜。加入2mL去离子水后,在超声波水浴中使其溶解,得到脂质混悬液。将脂质混悬液用超声波细胞破碎仪超声10分钟后,放入4℃的冰箱中冷却得到纳米脂质体。将0.03mL的全氟己烷加入到冷却后的纳米脂质体中,然后用超声波细胞破碎器在冰浴条件下超声5分钟,得到载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米粒。
2.羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统的制备
向上一步得到的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米粒中加入2mL水,在水浴锅中冰浴搅拌。先加入0.1mL 1mol/L的NaOH溶液使溶液呈碱性,搅拌2分钟后加入0.1mL 1mol/L的CaCl2溶液,搅拌5分钟使钙离子充分分布在纳米粒表面,再加入0.1mL 1mol/L的H3PO4溶液搅拌30分钟。取出溶液离心,将沉淀洗涤3次得到羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统。
将制备羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统稀释一定的倍数,用马尔文激光粒度分析仪测量其粒径,粒径分布结果如图1所示,羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统的平均粒径为247.0±1.9nm。用透射电镜观察其形态,如图2所示,羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统为近球体结构,粒径大小与马尔文激光粒度分析仪结果相一致。
实施例2
1.羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统相变的显微镜观察
将制备好的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统加入到离心管中,然后把离心管放入到水浴中,在37℃和60℃条件下加热30分钟,在第5分钟,第10分钟和第30分钟取样,于显微镜下观察形态;将制备的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统加入到离心管中,用基因转染仪超声激发3分钟,在第1分钟,第2分钟和第3分钟取样,于显微镜下观察形态,结果如图3所示。结果表明,在37℃体温状态下,纳米系统的相变程度较小,需要长时间加热才会出现大量相变的气泡,当温度升高至60℃,即全氟己烷的沸点时,相变程度加大,出现气泡的速度变快。在超声激发的条件下,羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统能迅速相变并产生气泡,以增强超声显影。
2.羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统的光热效应研究
以水、羟基磷灰石包裹的载药液态氟碳纳米系统、羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统为平行实验组,使用2.5W功率的808nm激光进行10分钟的照射,记录溶液的温度变化,结果如图4所示。结果说明在2.5W功率的808nm激光照射下,水和不含新吲哚菁绿的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药液态氟碳纳米系统的升温不明显,而含有新吲哚菁绿的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统在10分钟内升高了32.9℃,表明羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统具有良好的光热效应。
3.羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统的光动力效应研究
采用1,3-二苯基异苯并呋喃(DPBF)验证羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统能否产生单线态氧而具有光动力效应,DPBF在426nm处有紫外吸收峰,与单线态氧结合后含量减少,紫外吸收降低。使用20μmol/L的DPBF乙醇溶液和羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统混悬液,在1.5W 808nm激光照射下,于照射前以及照射后的第5秒,第10秒,第20秒,第30秒取样,测定紫外吸收,结果如图5所示。结果证明,随着激光照射时间增加,DPBF的紫外吸收不断降低,证明羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统在激光的照射下能产生单线态氧,具有光动力效应。
4.羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统的体外显影实验
取制备好的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统0.5mL于琼脂模型中,使用2.5W 808nm激光照射激发,对照射0分钟,2分钟,4分钟,6分钟,8分钟,10分钟的制剂进行超声显影,结果如图6所示。在激光的激发下,羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统中的新吲哚菁绿将光能转化为热能,使纳米系统温度上升,促使液态氟碳相变,产生微泡,产生超声显影。
Claims (7)
1.羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统,其特征在于纳米系统中各组分质量比为:磷脂20~40份,药物3~5份,新吲哚菁绿3~5份,液态氟碳10~100份,羟基磷灰石50~500份,水500~5000份。
2.如权利要求1所述的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统,其特征在于该制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)称取适量的磷脂、疏水性药物以及新吲哚菁绿溶解于适量二氯甲烷,通过减压旋转蒸发除去二氯甲烷,得到得到载药及新吲哚菁绿的磷脂膜,然后加入适量的水,超声使其溶解,得到脂质混悬液;(2)将步骤(1)得到的脂质混悬液用超声波细胞破碎仪超声一段时间,得到纳米脂质体,将该纳米脂质体于冰箱中冷却;然后向纳米脂质体加入一定量的液态氟碳,于冰浴条件下,用超声波细胞破碎仪超声一段时间,即得到载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米粒;(3)将步骤(2)得到的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米粒分散在一定量的水中,于冰浴条件下搅拌并加入NaOH溶液使溶液呈碱性,接着分别加入摩尔比为10:6的CaCl2溶液和H3PO4溶液搅拌一段时间后,得到羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米混悬液;(4)将步骤(3)得到的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米混悬液离心,将沉淀洗涤3次,复溶于水后得到羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统。
3.如权利要求2所述的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统,其特征在于:采用表面沉积法在载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米粒表面包裹一层羟基磷灰石外壳,需要先用氢氧化钠调节溶液呈碱性,加入氯化钙使钙离子分散于载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米粒表面,再加入磷酸形成羟基磷灰石。
4.如权利要求1和2所述的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统,其特征在于:所述液态氟碳为全氟戊烷、全氟己烷中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求1和2所述的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统,其特征在于:纳米粒径为100nm-400nm。
6.如权利要求1和2所述的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统,其特征在于:所用的药物是多西他赛,紫杉醇,喜树碱,羟基喜树碱,姜黄素,和厚朴酚中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
7.如权利要求1所述的羟基磷灰石包裹的载药及新吲哚菁绿液态氟碳纳米系统,其特征在于:所用的磷脂是大豆卵磷脂(SPC),二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)、1,2-二油酰基卵磷脂(DOPC)、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱(DMPC)、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DMPE)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)、二棕榈酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DPPE)、1,2-二油酰基卵乙醇胺(DOPE)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰甘油(DSPG)、二棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油(DPPG)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇2000(DSPE-PEG2000)中的一种或两种及其以上混合物。
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