CN110098732A - 一种用于极低功耗电源转换器的模式控制电路 - Google Patents

一种用于极低功耗电源转换器的模式控制电路 Download PDF

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CN110098732A
CN110098732A CN201910435501.5A CN201910435501A CN110098732A CN 110098732 A CN110098732 A CN 110098732A CN 201910435501 A CN201910435501 A CN 201910435501A CN 110098732 A CN110098732 A CN 110098732A
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CN110098732B (zh
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陈超
杨军
刘新宁
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0006—Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0041—Control circuits in which a clock signal is selectively enabled or disabled
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H02M3/073—Charge pumps of the Schenkel-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/027—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/037—Bistable circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/027—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/037—Bistable circuits
    • H03K3/0375—Bistable circuits provided with means for increasing reliability; for protection; for ensuring a predetermined initial state when the supply voltage has been applied; for storing the actual state when the supply voltage fails
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • H02M3/073—Charge pumps of the Schenkel-type
    • H02M3/077—Charge pumps of the Schenkel-type with parallel connected charge pump stages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/1563—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators without using an external clock
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于极低功耗电源转换器的模式控制电路，由电平移位电路、启动电路、静态箝位电路、控制电路等四个模块组成。当芯片上电，内核电压尚未建立时，控制电路先启动电源内建时钟以支持电源转换器工作；当内核电压建立完成，控制电路根据模式选择信号的电平决定是否切换到外接时钟；当内核电压掉电后，控制电路自动唤醒内建时钟工作。

Description

一种用于极低功耗电源转换器的模式控制电路
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制电路，具体涉及一种用于极低功耗电源转换器的模式控制电路，属于模拟电路技术领域。
背景技术
为追求高能量转换效率，开关电容电源转换器成为实现IO电压向内核电压转换的重要结构之一。与传统的静态线性稳压器不同的是，上述电源需要持续的时钟信号来维持运作，将3V左右的IO电压转换为1V附近的内核电压。时钟产生电路往往使用内核电压供电以达到最优能效。而在电源转换器启动瞬间，输出内核电压尚未建立，此时时钟电路将无法启动，会造成电源转换器锁死的情况。为克服此问题，电源转换器中通常内建时钟产生电路用于启动，当内核电压建立完毕后可以选择继续使用内建时钟或者使用低频常开振荡器时钟。此外，在上电伊始模式控制信号悬空，需要控制电路自行激活内建时钟源。在内核电压关闭后，需要电路自行由外部时钟模式切换至内建时钟模式。
发明内容
本发明正是针对现有技术中存在的问题，提供一种用于极低功耗电源转换器的模式控制电路，该技术方案用于开关电容电源转换器的时钟模式控制，开关电容电源转换器对控制电路有以下需求：在上电初始，需要先启动电源内建时钟以支持电源转换器工作；当内核电压建立完成，控制电路根据模式选择信号的电平决定是否切换到外接时钟；当内核电压掉电后，控制电路自动唤醒内建时钟工作。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下，一种用于极低功耗电源转换器的模式控制电路，其特征在于，所述控制电路包括第一P型金属氧化物晶体管PM1、第二P型金属氧化物晶体管PM2、第三P型金属氧化物晶体管PM3、第四P型金属氧化物晶体管PM4、第一N型金属氧化物晶体管NM1、第二N型金属氧化物晶体管NM2、第三N型金属氧化物晶体管NM3、第四N型金属氧化物晶体管NM4、第五N型金属氧化物晶体管NM5以及第六N型金属氧化物晶体管NM6，第一电容C1和第二电容，第一反相器I1和第二反相器I2，所述第一P型金属氧化物晶体管PM1的源极接电源电压，PM1的栅极接第一偏置电压VB1，PM1的漏极接所述跨阻放大器的输入端；第二PMOS管PM2的源极接所述跨阻放大器的输入端，PM2的栅极接第五PMOS管PM5的漏极，PM2的漏极接所述跨阻放大器的输出端；第五PMOS管PM5的源极接跨阻放大器的输入端，PM5的栅极接PM5的漏极；第三PMOS管PM3的源极接跨阻放大器的输入端，PM3的栅极接第二偏置电压VB2，PM3的漏极接第一N型金属氧化物晶体管（以下简称NMOS管）NM1的漏极，NM1的栅极接第三偏置电压VB3，NM1的源极接地；第二NMOS管NM2的栅极接NM1的漏极，NM2的漏极接PM5的漏极，NM2的源极接地；第一电阻R1的正极接跨阻放大器的输出端，R1的负极接地；第四PMOS管PM4的源极接电源电压，PM4的栅极接第一偏置电压VB1，PM4的漏极接PM5的漏极。当输入高电压电源上电，电路通过电容C2将控制电压初始值锁存至内建时钟源状态，激活内建时钟源并建立内核电压。内核电压建立完成后，模式选择控制信号开始有效。在此阶段为避免控制信号浮空造成的不确定性，一个由截止区NMOS晶体管组成的高值电阻负责将控制信号拉到地，而一个由截止区PMOS管构成的高值电阻负责将控制模式的状态锁定在内建时钟模式。当内核电压掉电时，电路通过PMOS高值电阻使内部锁存器锁定在内建时钟模式，重新建立内核电压。当芯片上电，电源转换器尚未建立内核电压时，控制电路先启动电源内建时钟以支持电源转换器工作；当内核电压建立完成，控制电路根据模式选择信号的电平决定是否切换到外接时钟；当内核电压掉电后，控制电路自动唤醒内建时钟工作。该电路具有功耗低、工作可靠的特点。
作为本发明的一种改进，当芯片上电，内核电压尚未建立时，控制电路先启动电源内建时钟以支持电源转换器工作；当内核电压建立完成，控制电路根据模式选择信号的电平决定是否切换到外接时钟；当内核电压掉电后，控制电路自动唤醒内建时钟工作。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有如下优点，本发明提出的开关电容电源转换器模式控制电路，在芯片上电阶段启动内建时钟以支持电源转换器工作；当内核电压建立完成，根据模式选择信号的电平决定是否切换到外接时钟；当内核电压掉电后，控制电路可自动唤醒内建时钟工作。该电路具有功耗低、工作可靠的特点，同时，当输入时钟受外界干扰掉电时，该电路具备自动激活片内时钟，恢复供电的功能。
附图说明
图1 为本发明的电源转换器模式控制电路结构图；
图2 为本发明的电源转换器在启动状态和模式切换状态的模式控制输入、外部时钟使能控制输出、内部时钟使能控制输出、内核电压（自上而下）。
具体实施方式：
为了加深对本发明的理解，下面结合附图对本实施例做详细的说明。
实施例1：参见图1、图2，一种用于极低功耗电源转换器的模式控制电路，所述控制电路包括第一P型金属氧化物晶体管PM1、第二P型金属氧化物晶体管PM2、第三P型金属氧化物晶体管PM3、第四P型金属氧化物晶体管PM4、第一N型金属氧化物晶体管NM1、第二N型金属氧化物晶体管NM2、第三N型金属氧化物晶体管NM3、第四N型金属氧化物晶体管NM4、第五N型金属氧化物晶体管NM5以及第六N型金属氧化物晶体管NM6，第一电容C1和第二电容，第一反相器I1和第二反相器I2，第一P型金属氧化物晶体管（以下简称PMOS管）PM1的源极接高电源电压，PM1的栅极接第二PMOS管PM2的漏极，PM1的漏极接第一N型金属氧化物晶体管（以下简称NMOS管）NM1的漏极。NM1的栅极接模式选择开关，NM1的源极接地；PM2的源极接高电源电压，PM2的栅极接PM1的漏极；第二NMOS管NM2的漏极接PM2的漏极，NM2的栅极接第四NMOS管NM4的漏极，NM2的源极接地；NM4的栅极接模式选择开关，NM4的源极接地；第三NMOS管NM3的栅极接地，NM3的漏极接模式选择开关，NM3的源极接地；第一电容C1的正极接模式选择开关，C1的负极接地；第二电容C2的正极接高电源电压，C2的负极接NM4的漏极；第三PMOS管PM3的源极接高电源电压，PM3的栅极接高电源电压，PM3的漏极接NM4的漏极；第五NMOS管NM5的漏极接NM2的漏极，NM5的栅极接第六NMOS管NM6的漏极，NM5的源极接地；NM6的栅极接模式选择开关，NM6的源极接地；第四PMOS管PM4的漏极接NM6的漏极，PM4的栅极接模式选择开关，PM4的源极接内核电压；第一反相器I1的输入接PM2的漏极，输出接外接时钟使能信号；第二反相器I2的输入接PM1的漏极，输出接内置时钟使能信号。
图2所示为图2 为本发明的电源转换器在启动状态和模式切换状态的模式控制输入、外部时钟使能控制输出、内部时钟使能控制输出、内核电压（自上而下）；从图中可以看出，在上电初始阶段，内核电压尚未建立，此时控制器开启内建时钟使能，快速建立内核电压。当输入控制信号切换至外接时钟模式，控制器迅速切换到外接时钟模式。当电源电压因突发状况掉电，并引发外部时钟和输入控制信号同时掉电，此时模式控制输出信号自行切换至内建时钟模式，在0.1毫秒时间内重新启动内建振荡器并驱动电源转换器重新建立内核电压。
工作原理：参见图1、图2，当输入高电压电源上电，电路通过电容C2将控制电压初始值锁存至内建时钟源状态，激活内建时钟源并建立内核电压。内核电压建立完成后，模式选择控制信号开始有效。在此阶段为避免控制信号浮空造成的不确定性，一个由截止区晶体管NM3组成的高值电阻负责将控制信号拉到地，而一个由截止区PMOS管PM3构成的高值电阻负责将控制模式的状态锁定在内建时钟模式。当内核电压掉电时，电路通过PM3高值电阻使内部锁存器锁定在内建时钟模式，重新建立内核电压。
需要说明的是上述实施例，并非用来限定本发明的保护范围，在上述技术方案的基础上所作出的等同变换或替代均落入本发明权利要求所保护的范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于极低功耗电源转换器的模式控制电路，其特征在于，所述控制电路包括第一P型金属氧化物晶体管PM1、第二P型金属氧化物晶体管PM2、第三P型金属氧化物晶体管PM3、第四P型金属氧化物晶体管PM4、第一N型金属氧化物晶体管NM1、第二N型金属氧化物晶体管NM2、第三N型金属氧化物晶体管NM3、第四N型金属氧化物晶体管NM4、第五N型金属氧化物晶体管NM5以及第六N型金属氧化物晶体管NM6，第一电容C1和第二电容，第一反相器I1和第二反相器I2，所述第一P型金属氧化物晶体管PM1的源极接电源电压，PM1的栅极接第一偏置电压VB1，PM1的漏极接所述跨阻放大器的输入端；第二PMOS管PM2的源极接所述跨阻放大器的输入端，PM2的栅极接第五PMOS管PM5的漏极，PM2的漏极接所述跨阻放大器的输出端；第五PMOS管PM5的源极接跨阻放大器的输入端，PM5的栅极接PM5的漏极；第三PMOS管PM3的源极接跨阻放大器的输入端，PM3的栅极接第二偏置电压VB2，PM3的漏极接第一N型金属氧化物晶体管（以下简称NMOS管）NM1的漏极，NM1的栅极接第三偏置电压VB3，NM1的源极接地；第二NMOS管NM2的栅极接NM1的漏极，NM2的漏极接PM5的漏极，NM2的源极接地；第一电阻R1的正极接跨阻放大器的输出端，R1的负极接地；第四PMOS管PM4的源极接电源电压，PM4的栅极接第一偏置电压VB1，PM4的漏极接PM5的漏极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于极低功耗电源转换器的模式控制电路，其特征在于：当芯片上电，内核电压尚未建立时，控制电路先启动电源内建时钟以支持电源转换器工作；当内核电压建立完成，控制电路根据模式选择信号的电平决定是否切换到外接时钟；当内核电压掉电后，控制电路自动唤醒内建时钟工作。
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