CN110088695A - 由复合材料制成的钟表部件 - Google Patents

由复合材料制成的钟表部件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110088695A
CN110088695A CN201780078242.4A CN201780078242A CN110088695A CN 110088695 A CN110088695 A CN 110088695A CN 201780078242 A CN201780078242 A CN 201780078242A CN 110088695 A CN110088695 A CN 110088695A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
reinforcer
matrix
honeycomb
external clock
component
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201780078242.4A
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English (en)
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CN110088695B (zh
Inventor
N·弗朗索瓦
G·基斯林
S·博尔班
J·穆勒
J-L·贝津
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Publication of CN110088695A publication Critical patent/CN110088695A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种由复合材料制成的钟表部件，其包括至少一个加强件和一个基体，所述加强件具有含多个孔的三维蜂窝结构，其中注入有基体。本发明还涉及一种制造该钟表部件的方法。

Description

由复合材料制成的钟表部件
发明领域
本发明涉及一种由复合材料制成的钟表部件，特别是表壳中部、表圈或表盘，其中所述复合材料具有蜂窝加强件，其中例如注入热固性树脂。
本发明还涉及一种制造该钟表部件的方法。
发明背景
从现有技术，特别是从航空工业已知的是，由复合材料制成的夹芯板制造的部件是通过将树脂浸渍的网或织物置于通常由蜂窝结构形成的开孔芯的两面中的每一面上获得的。
由于其良好的机械特征，复合夹芯板用于许多领域(特别是航空工业)中，其中轻质和良好机械性能的组合尤其受到重视。
然而，目前的复合夹芯板不能适用于钟表，并且不能用于制造具有凹形或凸形的小美学零件。它们对磨损和刮擦也很敏感。
发明概述
本发明的具体目的是克服这些已知技术的各种缺点。
更确切地说，本发明的目的是提供由复合材料制成的钟表部件，其具有令人满意的机械性能，特别是良好的抗冲击性、耐刮擦性和耐划伤性，同时保持有吸引力的美学外观。
根据本发明，这些目的(包括在下文中将更清楚地显示的其他目的)通过由复合材料制成的钟表部件实现，所述复合材料包括至少一个加强件和一个基体，所述加强件具有含多个孔的三维蜂窝结构，所述孔中注入基体。
根据本发明的其他有利变型：
-具有蜂窝结构的加强件使用选自合成纤维、天然纤维、包括无定形或部分无定形金属的金属、陶瓷和热塑性塑料的材料制成；
-基体选自来自聚环氧化物类、丙烯酸类、聚氨酯类的热固性树脂或热塑性塑料类如聚醚酮或聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚烯烃，或选自弹性体类如聚硅氧烷；
-基体包含选自着色剂、磷光颜料、二氧化硅、碳纳米管填料或纳米金刚石填料的添加剂；
-孔的形状为六边形；
-孔高度介于0.5mm和2mm之间；
-孔侧面的长度介于0.5mm和2mm之间。
本发明还涉及制造复合部件的各种方法，所述复合部件包括至少一个加强件和一个基体，所述加强件具有含多个孔的三维蜂窝结构，所述孔中注入基体。
第一种方法，其优点在于制造其蜂窝孔填充有树脂以具有复合美学外观(着色加强件与透明或不同着色的树脂的组合)的复合结构部件，包括以下步骤：
-用蜂窝结构形成加强件，
-将加强件放入模具中，
-闭合模具并在温度T和压力P下将树脂注入模具中，
-保持模具在压力P下闭合以进行冷却阶段，
-将形成的部件从模具中取出，
-对部件进行后处理，例如机加工/抛光。
第二种方法，其优点在于制造具有轻质、耐用且有吸引力的复合结构的部件，包括以下步骤：
-用蜂窝结构形成加强件；
-用两块复合材料或金属材料薄膜封闭孔；
-根据材料的特性通过粘合剂粘结、钎焊、热焊接或超声波焊接连接蜂窝孔和薄膜；
-将加强件放入模具中并注入树脂
-闭合模具并在温度T和压力P下将树脂注入模具中，
-保持模具在压力P下闭合以进行冷却阶段，
-将形成的部件从模具中取出，
-对部件进行后处理，例如机加工/抛光。
根据本发明方法的其他有利变型：
-具有蜂窝结构的加强件使用选自合成纤维、天然纤维、包括无定形或部分无定形金属的金属、陶瓷和热塑性塑料的材料制成。
-基体选自来自聚环氧化物类、丙烯酸类、聚氨酯类的热固性树脂或热塑性塑料类如聚醚酮或聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚烯烃，或选自弹性体类如聚硅氧烷。
-基体包含选自着色剂、磷光颜料、二氧化硅、碳纳米管填料或纳米金刚石填料的添加剂。
-基体包含至少两种添加剂的组合。
附图简述
通过阅读以下对本发明具体实施方案的描述(仅以示意性和非限制性实例的方式给出)以及附图，本发明的其他特征和优点将更清楚地显现，其中：
-图1a和1b是制造蜂窝结构的透视图；
-图2a和2b分别是由本发明复合材料制成的表壳及其后盖的照片。
优选实施方案的详细描述
本发明涉及由特定复合材料制成的钟表部件，例如表壳中部、后盖、表圈或表盘或表链。
如图2a所示，本发明的复合钟表部件包括至少一个加强件和一个基体，所述加强件具有含多个孔(优选为六边形)的三维蜂窝结构，并且向其中注入基体。显然，本领域技术人员可根据需要设想其他孔形状。
根据本发明，形成加强件的蜂窝结构可使用选自合成纤维或天然纤维的材料制成。
存在大量的各种合成纤维；在本发明的范围内，纤维可选自如下：碳纤维，玻璃纤维，碳化硅(silica carbide)纤维，超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)如纤维，石英纤维如芳纶纤维，金刚砂(siliconcarbide)纤维如或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维(PET)。
根据本发明的另一方案，纤维可为天然来源的，例如亚麻纤维或纤维素纤维。
根据本发明的另一实施方案，加强件的蜂窝结构可使用金属材料、陶瓷或热塑性塑料制成。
例如，蜂窝结构可由钛制成；该金属的优点在于具有优异的阻尼和抗疲劳性能。一旦形成，则获得的蜂窝结构兼具轻质、高耐用和良好的减震性能。
显然，可使用其他金属或合金，例如金、钛、铜或铝。也可设想无定形或部分无定形金属。
为了形成蜂窝结构，可使用波纹板，例如薄金属板或预浸料。如图1a所示，波纹板10沿其小平面11相互接触地叠合并粘结或焊接。如图1b所示，通过垂直于波纹切割板材块而直接获得蜂窝板20。
也可使用通过冲压波纹化然后彼此粘结的小金属或复合材料带。
蜂窝结构也可通过3D打印(金属粉末烧结技术)或通过机加工(铣削、激光、水射流)复合材料/金属板制成。还可设想使用蜂窝状模具的型材挤出方法，从而使蜂窝加强件具有适当的形状；后者可重新机加工。
根据本发明，蜂窝结构的孔高度介于0.5mm和2mm之间，并且边缘长度优选地介于0.5mm和2mm之间，更优选地介于0.5mm和0.8mm之间。显然，六边形孔的尺寸可根据期望制造的钟表部件的类型而变化。例如，为了制造表壳背部，与制造表壳中部所需的高度相比，需要更低的高度。还可根据所需的孔密度来改变孔边缘的长度。
根据本领域技术人员的要求，特别是为了获得特定的性能，蜂窝结构可由不同材料的纤维组合制成。例如，碳纤维和超高密度聚乙烯纤维可用于同一网中，从而兼具碳的高模量和超高密度聚乙烯的高韧性。根据另一实例，可使用铝来制造蜂窝结构。
此外，纤维如PET或玻璃纤维可在制造过程中总体染色以获得特定的美学外观，例如可设想使用着色的纤维以与注入孔中的基体形成对比，从而更好地突出蜂窝结构。还可设想在同一纤维网中使纤维的颜色产生交替。
为了加强蜂窝结构，根据所需的性能选择热固性树脂型基体并将其注入蜂窝结构的孔中。该树脂可为环氧树脂、丙烯酸类树脂、聚氨酯树脂或聚硅氧烷树脂。根据本发明的优选变型，通过将树脂施加到长丝上而将单向网预浸，然后将层彼此叠合。
应指出的是，术语“基体”意指涂覆和覆盖蜂窝加强件的全部或一部分的材料。
在由金属材料制成的蜂窝结构的情况中，为了促进基体的粘合，用于形成蜂窝结构的金属材料的薄膜可以是微穿孔的，从而使得注入孔中的树脂渗透形成孔的金属材料薄膜，由此提高组件的韧性和耐久性。根据本发明的变型，金属材料薄膜可通过喷丸(shotpeening)或通过压延或通过蚀刻或通过表面激光进行织构化，从而使得树脂更好地与形成孔的金属材料薄膜粘合。
根据本发明的一个具体实施方案，树脂可包含例如碳纳米管填料或金刚砂(silicon carbide)纳米金刚石填料，以提高拉伸或弯曲模量或改善耐刮擦性。例如，添加0.5-1.5％的纳米金刚石填料提高了材料的硬度，这提高了钟表部件的耐刮擦性和耐摩擦性。
树脂还可包含着色和/或光致发光填料，例如掺杂有一种或多种镧系元素的碱土金属氧化物，以在环境光变暗时使钟表部件具有特定的美学外观。根据该特别有利的变型，纤维材料是透明的(像玻璃纤维)并且具有基本上等于树脂的折射率。例如，理想地选择玻璃纤维和丙烯酸类树脂的组合，它们都具有1.5的折射率。
根据另一变型，可将磷光颜料与特定的荧光团组合以获得不同的日/夜颜色对。
由于本发明的这些不同方面，获得了坚固的复合部件，其可具有特定的美学外观。
本发明还涉及一种由复合材料制造钟表部件的方法，其中所述复合材料包括至少一个加强件和一个基体，所述加强件呈具有多个孔的三维蜂窝结构的形式，其中注入基体。
在第一步中，制造具有蜂窝结构的加强件，并且可将其切割成所需的形状，例如表壳的形状。
随后，将加强件放入具有所需部件形状的模具中，闭合模具，并在温度T和压力P下将基体注入模具中，以通过以下步骤将树脂固定到结构上：使树脂在压力下以预定的温度循环固化或交联。
在冷却并保持在压力P下之后，可通过机加工/抛光来修饰所获得的部件，以确保部件的良好饰面。
该方法使得可以用符合本发明的复合材料来制造钟表。因此，可制造表壳、表盘、夹板、桥板、表圈或卡圈或链。
该材料特别有利于提供特别轻且非常耐用的钟表，并且由于蜂窝结构优于常规复合材料而具有特别的美学外观。
作为示意性和非限制性实例，如图2a和2b所示，表壳及其后盖可由具有1％纳米金刚石增强的环氧树脂的碳纤维蜂窝结构制成，表壳和后盖兼具韧性、减震、抗刮擦和轻质的优点，这些是钟表学界特别追捧的。
当然，本发明不限于所示的实例，并且能够进行本领域技术人员显而易见的各种变型和改变。

Claims (13)

1.由复合材料制成的外部钟表构件，其包括至少一个加强件和一个基体，所述加强件具有含多个孔的三维蜂窝结构，其中注入基体，所述孔的长度介于0.5mm和2mm之间。
2.根据权利要求1的外部钟表构件，其中具有蜂窝结构的加强件使用选自合成纤维、天然纤维、包括无定形金属的金属、陶瓷和热塑性塑料的材料制成。
3.根据权利要求1或2的外部钟表构件，其中基体选自来自聚环氧化物类的热固性树脂、选自丙烯酸类、选自聚氨酯类、或热塑性塑料类如聚醚酮或聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚烯烃，或选自弹性体类如聚硅氧烷。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的外部钟表构件，其中基体包含选自着色剂、磷光和/或荧光颜料、二氧化硅、碳纳米管填料或纳米金刚石填料的添加剂。
5.根据权利要求4的外部钟表构件，其中基体包含至少两种添加剂的组合。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的外部钟表构件，其中孔的形状为六边形。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的外部钟表构件，其中孔的高度为0.5-2mm。
8.以复合蜂窝结构制造根据权利要求1-7中任一项的外部钟表构件的方法，包括以下步骤：
-形成根据权利要求1的加强件，
-将加强件放入模具内，
-闭合模具并在温度T和压力P下将根据权利要求1的基体注入模具中，
-在冷却期间保持模具在压力P下闭合，
-将形成的部件从模具中取出，
-对部件进行后处理，例如机加工/抛光。
9.以复合蜂窝结构制造根据权利要求1-7中任一项的外部钟表构件的方法，包括以下步骤：
-形成具有蜂窝结构的加强件；
-用两块复合材料或金属材料薄膜封闭两面上的孔；
-根据材料的特性通过粘合剂粘结、钎焊、热焊接或超声波焊接连接蜂窝结构和薄膜；
-将与薄膜连接的加强件放入模具中；
-闭合模具并将其置于温度T和压力P下，
-在冷却期间保持模具在压力P下闭合，
-将形成的部件从模具中取出，
-对部件进行后处理，例如机加工/抛光。
10.根据权利要求8或9的方法，其中具有蜂窝结构的加强件使用选自合成纤维、天然纤维、包括无定形金属的金属、陶瓷和热塑性塑料的材料制成。
11.根据权利要求8或9的方法，其中基体选自来自聚环氧化物类的热固性树脂、选自丙烯酸类、选自聚氨酯类或选自聚硅氧烷类。
12.根据权利要求8-11中任一项的方法，其中基体包含选自着色剂、磷光或荧光颜料、二氧化硅、碳纳米管填料或纳米金刚石填料的添加剂。
13.根据权利要求12的方法，其中所述基体包含至少两种添加剂的组合。
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