CN110079073A - 高阻燃性能的电缆料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

高阻燃性能的电缆料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110079073A
CN110079073A CN201910385444.4A CN201910385444A CN110079073A CN 110079073 A CN110079073 A CN 110079073A CN 201910385444 A CN201910385444 A CN 201910385444A CN 110079073 A CN110079073 A CN 110079073A
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曹飞
雷雨
沈智强
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Anhui Communication Industry Service Co Ltd
Anhui Communications Services Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种高阻燃性能的电缆料,包括改性聚氨酯弹性体20~30份、乙烯和辛烯共聚物10~16份、线性低密度聚乙烯10~20份、环氧树脂10~20份、石油树脂2~10份、氯化钙2~4份、乙基磷酸二乙酯2~10份、纳米有机黏土2~20份、润滑剂2~16份、分散剂2~6份、抗氧剂0.6~1.2份、防鼠母料0.2~0.8份、防白蚁母料0.4~0.8份、紫外线吸收剂4~8份;本申请通过乙烯和辛烯共聚物改善阻燃电缆的力学性能,从而使材料的韧性更强,使用纳米有机黏土与乙基磷酸二乙酯的组合作为阻燃剂,纳米有机黏土对阻燃效果起增效,阻燃效果更好且提高了后期加工过程中的稳定性。

Description

高阻燃性能的电缆料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及通信电缆领域,具体涉及一种高阻燃性能的电缆料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着经济的迅速发展,电缆在通讯、电力等领域的应用非常广泛。而电缆属于可燃性物质,尤其是在炎热干燥的季节,电气火灾事故频繁发生。
通信电缆是指用于近距离音频通信和远距离高频载波数字通信及信号传输的电缆,广泛应用于通信线路传输、仪器仪表、电力等重要领域。在通信领域,现有架空的数据缆一般都不带钢带铠装,只有一层护套,这就使得通信电缆老化速度较快,而老化的电缆更易引起火灾。如何降低因电缆而造成的火灾问题是当下需要解决的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种高阻燃性能的电缆料及其制备方法,特别适用于通信电缆,阻燃性好,使用寿命持久,制备简单,成本低廉。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种高阻燃性能的电缆料,包括改性聚氨酯弹性体20~30份、乙烯和辛烯共聚物10~16份、线性低密度聚乙烯10~20份、环氧树脂10~20份、石油树脂2~10份、氯化钙2~4份、乙基磷酸二乙酯2~10份、纳米有机黏土2~20份、润滑剂2~16份、分散剂2~6份、抗氧剂0.6~1.2份、防鼠母料0.2~0.8份、防白蚁母料0.4~0.8份、紫外线吸收剂4~8份;本申请通过乙烯和辛烯共聚物改善阻燃电缆的力学性能,从而使材料的韧性更强,使用纳米有机黏土与乙基磷酸二乙酯的组合作为阻燃剂,纳米有机黏土对阻燃效果起增效,阻燃效果更好且提高了后期加工过程中的稳定性;
优选的,改性聚氨酯弹性体15份、乙烯和辛烯共聚物13份、线性低密度聚乙烯15份、环氧树脂15份、石油树脂6份、氯化钙3份、乙基磷酸二乙酯6份、纳米有机黏土11份、润滑剂9份、分散剂4份、抗氧剂0.9份、防鼠母料0.5份、防白蚁母料0.6份、紫外线吸收剂6份。
进一步的,所述的改性聚氨酯的改性方法为:a.将10~30份含有木质素的纤维素原料、40~60份丙酮和乙酰胺的混合液加入到反应釜中,搅拌均匀,超声分散10min后得到原料分散液A;b.在A中加入2~6份石墨烯,通过机械预处理进行剥离、磨碎,得到B;c.在B中加入20~40份聚氨酯,升温至70℃保温10min,进行均质剥离,得到C;d:在压强0.04mpa下蒸馏,得到所述改性聚氨酯;
所述的纤维素原料中木质素浓度为8wt;
所述的c步骤中均质剥离的次数为3次。
经过多次均质剥离的的聚氨酯各方面性能更好,纤维素的加入增强了聚氨酯的力学性能,提高了聚氨酯的拉伸性能,石墨烯的加入改善了聚氨酯的稳定性,且整个制作过程简单,易于操作。
进一步的,本申请同时公开了一种高阻燃性能的电缆料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:制备好改性聚氨酯,按配方在捏合机中加入改性聚氨酯弹性体、乙烯和辛烯共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯、环氧树脂、石油树脂、氯化钙、乙基磷酸二乙酯、纳米有机黏土、润滑剂、分散剂、抗氧剂搅拌均匀,然后放入密炼机中密炼5~10min,密炼温度150℃~160℃,依次加入防鼠母料、防白蚁母料、紫外线吸收剂,料混合均匀后出料,经挤出机造粒生产线制备电缆料,挤出机控温120~130℃。此法操作简单,生产出的电缆料具有优异的耐高温性能,160℃以下可长期使用。
相对于现有技术,本发明带来的有益效果为:1)线性低密度聚乙烯、乙烯和辛烯共聚物两者相容增强了材料的力学性能,尤其是线性低密度聚乙烯加入更利于材料的加工成型;纳米有机黏土对阻燃效果起增效,阻燃效果更好且提高了后期加工过程中的稳定性;
2)纤维素的加入增强了聚氨酯的力学性能,提高了聚氨酯的拉伸性能,石墨烯的加入改善了聚氨酯的稳定性,经过多次均质剥离后的聚氨酯更利于以后的操作,且整个制作过程简单,易于操作;
3)本申请改性后的聚氨酯和线型低密度聚乙烯协同作用,不仅使制备出的电缆料不仅具有优异的力学性能,且阻燃性、耐高温性能更好,并具有更好的抗老化性能,不易变形,且能抑制燃烧、隔氧抑烟,达到更好的阻燃效果。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
润滑剂为硅油、分散剂为硬脂酸钡、抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、紫外线吸收剂为巴斯夫紫外线吸收剂C81 Chimassorb81(UV531)、防鼠母料为ZSW环保型防鼠母料、防白蚁母料为克莱恩公司生产的防鼠母料。
实施例1
1)制备改性聚氨酯:a.将10份含有木质素浓度为8wt%的纤维素原料、40份丙酮和乙酰胺的混合液加入到反应釜中,搅拌均匀,超声分散10min后得到原料分散液A;b.在A中加入2份石墨烯,通过机械预处理进行剥离、磨碎,得到B;c.在B中加入20份聚氨酯,升温至70℃保温10min,进行均质剥离3次得到C;d:在压强0.04mpa下蒸馏,得到所述改性聚氨酯。
2)将制备好的改性聚氨酯弹性体20份、乙烯和辛烯共聚物10份、线性低密度聚乙烯10份、环氧树脂10份、石油树脂2份、氯化钙2份、乙基磷酸二乙酯2份、纳米有机黏土2份、润滑剂2份、分散剂2份、抗氧剂0.6份搅拌均匀,然后放入密炼机中密炼5min,密炼温度150℃,依次加入防鼠母料0.2份、防白蚁母料0.4份、紫外线吸收剂4份,料混合均匀后出料,经挤出机造粒生产线制备电缆料,挤出机控温120℃。
详细数据对比见表1。
实施例2
1)制备改性聚氨酯:a.将20份含有木质素浓度为8wt%的纤维素原料、50份丙酮和乙酰胺的混合液加入到反应釜中,搅拌均匀,超声分散10min后得到原料分散液A;b.在A中加入24份石墨烯,通过机械预处理进行剥离、磨碎,得到B;c.在B中加入30份聚氨酯,升温至70℃保温10min,进行均质剥离3次得到C;d:在压强0.04mpa下蒸馏,得到所述改性聚氨酯。
2)将制备好的改性聚氨酯弹性体25份、乙烯和辛烯共聚物13份、线性低密度聚乙烯15份、环氧树脂15份、石油树脂6份、氯化钙3份、乙基磷酸二乙酯6份、纳米有机黏土11份、润滑剂9份、分散剂4份、抗氧剂0.9份搅拌均匀,然后放入密炼机中密炼7min,密炼温度155℃,依次加入防鼠母料0.5份、防白蚁母料0.6份、紫外线吸收剂6份,料混合均匀后出料,经挤出机造粒生产线制备电缆料,挤出机控温125℃。
详细数据对比见表1。
实施例3
1)制备改性聚氨酯:a.将30份含有木质素浓度为8wt%的纤维素原料、60份丙酮和乙酰胺的混合液加入到反应釜中,搅拌均匀,超声分散10min后得到原料分散液A;b.在A中加入6份石墨烯,通过机械预处理进行剥离、磨碎,得到B;c.在B中加入40份聚氨酯,升温至70℃保温10min,进行均质剥离3次得到C;d:在压强0.04mpa下蒸馏,得到所述改性聚氨酯。
2)将制备好的改性聚氨酯弹性体30份、乙烯和辛烯共聚物16份、线性低密度聚乙烯20份、环氧树脂20份、石油树脂10份、氯化钙4份、乙基磷酸二乙酯10份、纳米有机黏土20份、润滑剂16份、分散剂6份、抗氧剂1.2份搅拌均匀,然后放入密炼机中密炼10min,密炼温度160℃,依次加入防鼠母料0.8份、防白蚁母料0.8份、紫外线吸收剂8份,料混合均匀后出料,经挤出机造粒生产线制备电缆料,挤出机控温130℃。
详细数据对比见表1。
对照例1
(与实施例3相比改性聚氨酯未添加纤维素原料)
1)制备改性聚氨酯:a.60份丙酮和乙酰胺的混合液加入到反应釜中,搅拌均匀,超声分散10min后得到原料分散液A;b.在A中加入6份石墨烯,通过机械预处理进行剥离、磨碎,得到B;c.在B中加入40份聚氨酯,升温至70℃保温10min,进行均质剥离3次得到C;d:在压强0.04mpa下蒸馏,得到所述改性聚氨酯。
2)将制备好的改性聚氨酯弹性体30份、乙烯和辛烯共聚物16份、线性低密度聚乙烯20份、环氧树脂20份、石油树脂10份、氯化钙4份、乙基磷酸二乙酯10份、纳米有机黏土20份、润滑剂16份、分散剂6份、抗氧剂1.2份搅拌均匀,然后放入密炼机中密炼10min,密炼温度160℃,依次加入防鼠母料0.8份、防白蚁母料0.8份、紫外线吸收剂8份,料混合均匀后出料,经挤出机造粒生产线制备电缆料,挤出机控温130℃。
详细数据对比见表1。
对照例2
(与实施例3相比改性聚氨酯未添加石墨烯)
1)制备改性聚氨酯:a.将30份含有木质素浓度为8wt%的纤维素原料、60份丙酮和乙酰胺的混合液加入到反应釜中,搅拌均匀,超声分散10min后得到原料分散液A;b.通过机械预处理进行剥离、磨碎,得到B;c.在B中加入40份聚氨酯,升温至70℃保温10min,进行均质剥离3次得到C;d:在压强0.04mpa下蒸馏,得到所述改性聚氨酯。
2)将制备好的改性聚氨酯弹性体30份、乙烯和辛烯共聚物16份、线性低密度聚乙烯20份、环氧树脂20份、石油树脂10份、氯化钙4份、乙基磷酸二乙酯10份、纳米有机黏土20份、润滑剂16份、分散剂6份、抗氧剂1.2份搅拌均匀,然后放入密炼机中密炼10min,密炼温度160℃,依次加入防鼠母料0.8份、防白蚁母料0.8份、紫外线吸收剂8份,料混合均匀后出料,经挤出机造粒生产线制备电缆料,挤出机控温130℃。
详细数据对比见表1。
对照例3
(与实施例3相比聚氨酯弹性体未改性)
聚氨酯弹性体30份、乙烯和辛烯共聚物16份、线性低密度聚乙烯20份、环氧树脂20份、石油树脂10份、氯化钙4份、乙基磷酸二乙酯10份、纳米有机黏土20份、润滑剂16份、分散剂6份、抗氧剂1.2份搅拌均匀,然后放入密炼机中密炼10min,密炼温度160℃,依次加入防鼠母料0.8份、防白蚁母料0.8份、紫外线吸收剂8份,料混合均匀后出料,经挤出机造粒生产线制备电缆料,挤出机控温130℃。
详细数据对比见表1。
对照例4
(与实施例3相比未添加乙烯和辛烯共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯)
1)制备改性聚氨酯:a.60份丙酮和乙酰胺的混合液加入到反应釜中,搅拌均匀,超声分散10min后得到原料分散液A;b.通过机械预处理进行剥离、磨碎,得到B;c.在B中加入40份聚氨酯,升温至70℃保温10min,进行均质剥离3次得到C;d:在压强0.04mpa下蒸馏,得到所述改性聚氨酯。
2)将制备好的改性聚氨酯弹性体30份、环氧树脂20份、石油树脂10份、氯化钙4份、乙基磷酸二乙酯10份、纳米有机黏土20份、润滑剂16份、分散剂6份、抗氧剂1.2份搅拌均匀,然后放入密炼机中密炼10min,密炼温度160℃,依次加入防鼠母料0.8份、防白蚁母料0.8份、紫外线吸收剂8份,料混合均匀后出料,经挤出机造粒生产线制备电缆料,挤出机控温130℃。
详细数据对比见表1。
对照例5
(与实施例3相比未添加纳米有机黏土)
1)制备改性聚氨酯:a.将30份含有木质素浓度为8wt%的纤维素原料、60份丙酮和乙酰胺的混合液加入到反应釜中,搅拌均匀,超声分散10min后得到原料分散液A;b.在A中加入6份石墨烯,通过机械预处理进行剥离、磨碎,得到B;c.在B中加入40份聚氨酯,升温至70℃保温10min,进行均质剥离3次得到C;d:在压强0.04mpa下蒸馏,得到所述改性聚氨酯。
2)将制备好的改性聚氨酯弹性体30份、乙烯和辛烯共聚物16份、线性低密度聚乙烯20份、环氧树脂20份、石油树脂10份、氯化钙4份、乙基磷酸二乙酯10份、润滑剂16份、分散剂6份、抗氧剂1.2份搅拌均匀,然后放入密炼机中密炼10min,密炼温度160℃,依次加入防鼠母料0.8份、防白蚁母料0.8份、紫外线吸收剂8份,料混合均匀后出料,经挤出机造粒生产线制备电缆料,挤出机控温130℃。
详细数据对比见表1。
表1
由实施例1/2/3可知,本申请的实施例的组分下本申请制备的产品各方面性能均最佳,由实施例3和对照例1/2/3可知,当改变聚氨酯弹性的改性变量或是对聚氨酯弹性体未改性时,除阻燃性能不变其他性能均明显降低,由实施例3和对照例4对比可知,当未添加乙烯和辛烯共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯时,除阻燃性能外,本申请的力学性能均明显降低,由实施例3和对照例5相比,当阻燃剂未纳米有机黏土时,制备的物质阻燃性能大幅度降低。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的特点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求保护的范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (7)

1.一种高阻燃性能的电缆料,其特征在于:包括改性聚氨酯弹性体20~30份、乙烯和辛烯共聚物10~16份、线性低密度聚乙烯10~20份、环氧树脂10~20份、石油树脂2~10份、氯化钙2~4份、乙基磷酸二乙酯2~10份、纳米有机黏土2~20份、润滑剂2~16份、分散剂2~6份、抗氧剂0.6~1.2份、防鼠母料0.2~0.8份、防白蚁母料0.4~0.8份、紫外线吸收剂4~8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃性能的电缆料,其特征在于:包括改性聚氨酯弹性体15份、乙烯和辛烯共聚物13份、线性低密度聚乙烯15份、环氧树脂15份、石油树脂6份、氯化钙3份、乙基磷酸二乙酯6份、纳米有机黏土11份、润滑剂9份、分散剂4份、抗氧剂0.9份、防鼠母料0.5份、防白蚁母料0.6份、紫外线吸收剂6份。
3.根据根据权利要求1-2任一所述的高阻燃性能的电缆料,其特征在于:所述的改性聚氨酯的改性方法为:a.将10~30份含有木质素浓度为8wt%的纤维素原料、40~60份丙酮和乙酰胺的混合液加入到反应釜中,搅拌均匀,超声分散10min后得到原料分散液A;b.在A中加入2~6份石墨烯,通过机械预处理进行剥离、磨碎,得到B;c.在B中加入20~40份聚氨酯,升温至70℃保温10min,进行均质剥离,得到C;d:在压强0.04mpa下蒸馏,得到所述改性聚氨酯。
4.根据根据权利要求3所述的高阻燃性能的电缆料,其特征在于:所述的c步骤中均质剥离的次数为3次。
5.一种高阻燃性能的电缆料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:制备好改性聚氨酯,按配方在捏合机中加入改性聚氨酯弹性体、乙烯和辛烯共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯、环氧树脂、石油树脂、氯化钙、乙基磷酸二乙酯、纳米有机黏土、润滑剂、分散剂、抗氧剂搅拌均匀,然后放入密炼机中密炼5~10min,密炼温度150℃~160℃,依次加入防鼠母料、防白蚁母料、紫外线吸收剂,料混合均匀后出料,经挤出机造粒生产线制备电缆料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高阻燃性能的电缆料的制备方法,其特征在于:挤出机控温120~130℃。
7.根据权利要求3所述的高阻燃性能的电缆料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的纤维素原料中木质素浓度为8wt%。
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