CN110072655B - 包括扫刷清洁装置的粉末基增材制造单元 - Google Patents

包括扫刷清洁装置的粉末基增材制造单元 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110072655B
CN110072655B CN201780077660.1A CN201780077660A CN110072655B CN 110072655 B CN110072655 B CN 110072655B CN 201780077660 A CN201780077660 A CN 201780077660A CN 110072655 B CN110072655 B CN 110072655B
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powder
area
cleaning
deposition
layering
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CN110072655A (zh
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C·热艾
M·托里斯-卡斯泰拉诺
O·洛韦尔
J·沙尼亚尔
A·特雷耶
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
    • B08B1/10—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools characterised by the type of cleaning tool
    • B08B1/12—Brushes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B15/00—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area
    • B08B15/04—Preventing escape of dirt or fumes from the area where they are produced; Collecting or removing dirt or fumes from that area from a small area, e.g. a tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B5/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of air flow or gas flow
    • B08B5/02—Cleaning by the force of jets, e.g. blowing-out cavities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B5/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of air flow or gas flow
    • B08B5/04—Cleaning by suction, with or without auxiliary action
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种粉末基增材制造单元(10)，其包括粉末成层装置(14)，该粉末成层装置(14)能够沿连接起始区域(A)和结束区域(B)的路径移位。所述成层装置(14)包括粉末的铺平机构(35)，粉末的铺平机构(35)用于将粉末沉积在位于起始区域(A)与结束区域(B)之间的粉末的沉积区域(P)中。单元(10)进一步包括位于成层装置(14)的路径上的清洁装置(60)，所述清洁装置(60)包括扫刷装置(62)，所述扫刷装置(62)用于扫刷粉末的铺平机构(35)的至少一个表面。

Description

包括扫刷清洁装置的粉末基增材制造单元
技术领域
本发明涉及部件的粉末基增材制造领域。
更具体地，本发明涉及用于部件的粉末基增材制造设备以及这种设备的成层装置。
背景技术
用于部件的基于粉末增材制造设备通常包括粉末成层装置，该粉末成层装置可以沿着连接起始区域和结束区域的路径移位，该粉末成层装置设置有粉末沉积机构，该粉末沉积机构能够将粉末沉积在位于起始区域与结束区域之间的粉末沉积区域上。这些粉末沉积机构包括例如料斗，具有可拆卸活板门的隔室，或者甚至包括设置有容纳一定剂量粉末的空腔的计量圆筒。
在其沉积区域上沉积之后，粉末最通常使用铺平机构设置成层的形式，该铺平机构可以形成成层装置的一部分，该成层装置优选地包括铺平圆筒。然后，通过合适的装置烧结或熔化粉末。这些操作根据需要重复多次以形成部件。
研究发现，因为在粉末基增材制造设备中使用的粉末既易挥发又有粘性，所以粉末具有积聚的趋势，然后在粉末沉积循环期间在成层装置的各个点处结块。特别地，可以观察到粉末在粉末铺平机构的一些表面(例如铺平圆筒的表面)上积聚并且形成结块。
现在，在成层装置通过粉末沉积区域时，如此形成的结块可能碰巧落入到粉末沉积区域中。这导致待熔化的粉末层的厚度相对于所需厚度改变，并且因此降低了所制造部件的质量。
取决于粉末的颗粒级配和每个沉积层所需的厚度，由这些结块的存在引入的误差的容忍度或高或低。因此，当层厚度的数量级为十微米级左右时，引入的误差变得非常大，以至于可能需要停止制造部件并将其废弃。
文献FR2984191公开了一种基于粉末的增材制造装置。然而，该文献没有描述任何旨在避免在粉末沉积区域中存在粉末结块的措施。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是限制在粉末基增材制造设备的成层装置中粉末结块的形成，或者至少限制后者位于粉末沉积区域中的风险。
为此目的，本发明涉及一种粉末基增材制造设备，其包括粉末成层装置，该粉末成层装置可以沿连接起始区域和结束区域的路径移位，
所述成层装置包括位于起始区域和终止区域之间的粉末沉积区域中的粉末铺平机构，
其特征在于，所述制造设备进一步包括位于成层装置的路径上的清洁装置，清洁装置包括扫刷装置，扫刷装置用于扫刷粉末的铺平机构的至少一个表面。
由于清洁装置在沉积装置的路径上的存在，可以从成层装置的粉末倾向于在粉末沉积循环中积聚的区域中去除大部分粉末。实际上，扫刷装置能够扫刷粉末铺平机构的表面并且能够去除结块，从而可以在结块到达粉末沉积区域之前将它们排出。
因此，粉末结块的形成显著减少，粉末结块位于粉末沉积区域中的风险由此受到限制。
有利地，为了在结块到达粉末沉积区域之前排出结块，清洁装置包括粉末抽吸装置，用于将由抽吸装置抽吸的粉末排放到所述设备的称为除尘区域的区域，所述除尘区域与粉末沉积区域隔离。
根据本发明的优选实施方案，扫刷装置包括至少一个刷具，该刷具设置有可以在成层装置通过时弯曲的刷毛。
优选地，刷具放置在抽吸装置的抽吸孔的边缘处。
为了获得更有效的清洁，刷具的刷毛在与粉末铺平机构的表面成直角的方向上延伸，刷毛与粉末铺平机构的表面形成接触。
仍然为了获得更有效的清洁，刷具在基本上纵向方向上延伸，成层装置在基本上横向于刷具的纵向方向的方向的路径上局部地移位。
根据本发明的一个特定实施方案，所述设备包括在纵向方向上延伸的两个平行的刷具，所述成层装置在与刷具的纵向方向基本成直角的方向上局部地移位。
根据本发明的一个特定实施方案，就从起始区域到终止区域方向上的路径而言，清洁装置位于粉末沉积区域的下游。
根据本发明的一个特定实施方案，粉末铺平机构包括铺平圆筒，扫刷装置扫刷铺平圆筒的外表面。
根据本发明的特定实施方案，成层装置进一步包括粉末沉积机构，扫刷装置扫刷粉末沉积机构的至少一个表面。
有利地，粉末沉积机构包括旋转计量圆筒，扫刷装置扫刷旋转计量圆筒的外表面。
本发明还涉及一种用粉末基增材制造设备进行粉末基增材制造的方法，包括清洁制造设备的元件的步骤，
其特征在于
制造设备是根据本发明所述的制造设备，并且，在所述清洁步骤期间，使所述成层装置跟随所述清洁装置所在的清洁路径，清洁路径是往复的。
事实上，为了获得有效的清洁，清洁装置优选地多次清洁成层装置，例如在往复路径的路线中。
为了改善铺平圆筒的清洁，在清洁步骤期间，使铺平圆筒旋转。
附图说明
通过阅读附图的以下描述将更好地理解本发明，附图作为示例提供，并且绝不是限制性的，其中：
-图1是根据本发明的第一个实施方案的粉末基增材制造设备的截面立体图；
-图2是图1的细节II的视图；
-图3是类似于图1的视图，其中成层装置位于第一清洁区域中；
-图4是图3的细节IV的立体图；
-图5是表示图1的设备的清洁装置的清洁周期的统计图；
-图6是类似于图1的视图，成层装置位于第二清洁区域中；
-图7是图6的细节VII的视图；
-图8是根据第二个实施方案的粉末基增材制造设备的截面的立体图，其未要求保护；
-图9是图8的细节IX的视图。
具体实施方式
图1显示了根据本发明的第一个实施方案的粉末基增材制造设备10。
设备10包括基本上平面的压板12，在该压板12上成层装置14可以沿着连接压板12的起始区域A和压板12的结束区域B的路径移位(为了清楚起见，能够引导成层装置移位的机构未在图中示出)。更具体地，在图中所示的实施方案中，通过沿轴线X执行平移来使成层装置14移位。
在连接起始区域A和结束区域B的路径的路线中，成层装置经过压板12的粉末沉积区域P(也称为工作区域)，压板12的粉末沉积区域P位于结束区域B与起始区域A之间，并且用于容纳由成层装置14输送的一定剂量的粉末。然后，该剂量的粉末用于通过合适的装置(比如说例如激光束的能量束，其未在图中示出)熔化或烧结。
基本上为矩形形式的沉积区域P具有四个侧面(考虑到图1是截面图，在图1中仅示出了三个侧面)，四个侧面由回收罐16(也称为集灰箱)围绕。回收罐16可以回收未用于增材制造的任何剩余粉末，其通过为此目的而设置的装置(例如刮刀或辊具，例如铺平辊)被推到其中，如稍后将看到的。
成层装置14包括粉末沉积机构18，粉末沉积机构18用于在粉末沉积区域上沉积一定剂量的粉末。
在图1至图7所示的本发明的第一个实施方案中，粉末沉积机构18包括存储机构，该存储机构包括料斗20和粉末计量机构，粉末计量机构包括设置有粉末计量腔24的旋转计量圆筒22。
存储在料斗20中的粉末可以通过重力通过料斗的开口26传递到剂量腔24。然后，一旦成层装置14在沉积区域P上移位，并且在计量圆筒22旋转之后，封闭在计量腔24中的剂量的粉末通过重力沉积在沉积区域P上。
在本发明的该第一个实施方案中，计量圆筒22进一步包括平板28，该平板28可以在计量圆筒22的旋转中防止由此输送的剂量的粉末被计量圆筒22压紧。
粉末沉积机构18位于由壳体30界定的体积中。为此目的，壳体30包括第一侧壁32，第一侧壁32将成层装置14的其余部分的料斗20分开并且界定粉末的储存空间。壳体还包括第二侧壁34，第二侧壁34界定容纳计量圆筒22的空间。
成层装置进一步包括由粉末沉积机构18输送的剂量的粉末的铺平机构35。在本发明的该第一个实施方案中，它们包括铺平圆筒36。
在成层装置前进时，铺平圆筒36通过沉积区域P，铺平圆筒36的作用是分配和铺平由粉末沉积机构18沉积的粉末剂量。
铺平圆筒36可以是固定的或者可以是旋转的。在这种特定情况下，铺平圆筒36是旋转的，并且由于成层装置14的位移，铺平圆筒36的旋转发生在与铺平圆筒36的前进方向相反的方向上。
因此，给定图1的方向，成层装置14在箭头F的方向上(从图的右侧的起始区域到图的左侧的结束区域)移位，铺平圆筒36在顺时针方向旋转。
研究发现，因为在粉末基增材制造设备中使用的粉末既易挥发又有粘性，所以粉末具有积聚的趋势，然后在粉末沉积循环期间在成层装置14的各个点处结块。
特别地，已经观察到粉末在位于粉末沉积机构18与成层装置14的壳体30之间的空隙中积聚并且形成结块38。图2特别示出了在第二侧壁34与计量圆筒22之间形成结块38的事实。
为了解决这个问题，设备10包括位于沉积区域P上游(就从起始区域A到结束区域B方向上的路径而言)的成层装置14的路径上的第一清洁装置40。
第一清洁装置40包括第一吹风装置42，更具体地在图3和图4中可见，第一吹风装置42构造成在粉末沉积机构18的至少一个表面上吹气流。在这种特殊情况下，由吹风装置吹送的气体是沉积区域P的环境气体，这里是氮气，但它也可以是氩气、氢气或其它中性气体。
第一吹风装置42包括用于使气流在预定的定向方向上定向的机构44。更具体地，定向机构包括吹嘴46，吹嘴46设置有多个对齐的孔48，孔48平行于预定的定向方向定向。
选择预定的定向方向，使得气流在成层装置14的路径的路线中到达壳体30的面向粉末沉积机构18的表面。
优选地，预定的定向方向还使得气流在成层装置14的路径的路线中到达计量圆筒22的表面，以及粉末铺平机构35的表面，例如，铺平圆筒36的表面。
因此，在图1至图7所示的第一个实施方案中，预定的定向方向被选择为垂直于压板12的平面并且朝向成层装置14定向。因此，该定向方向与成层装置14的平移轴线X成直角，并且具有与重力施加方向相反的方向。
由图4中的箭头O表示的这种定向方向的选择可以将气流F从孔48引导到面向计量圆筒22的壳体30的第二侧壁34的表面。
孔48优选地在与成层装置14的平移轴线X成直角并且与定向方向O成直角的方向上对齐。这样，在所有或者几乎所有的壳体30的第二侧壁34的纵向方向上，来自孔48的气流F到达计量圆筒22的表面。
该选择还可以沿着成层装置14的路径到达计量圆筒22和铺平圆筒36的表面。
更具体地，将通过调节气流F可以达到的距离，以及该气流F的速度，以便能够去除位于第二侧壁34和计量圆筒22之间的粉末结块38，如图4所示。
清洁装置40还可包括密封机构50，密封机构50粉末密封地相对于粉末沉积区域P隔离第一清洁区域N1，第一清洁区域N1中气流吹到粉末沉积机构18的至少一个表面上。
优选地，这些密封机构50包括至少一个刷具52，刷具52设置有刷毛54，刷毛54可以在成层装置14的通过时弯曲。刷具52可以将第一吹风装置42所在的第一清洁区域N1与粉末沉积区域P隔离。
更具体地，如图3所示，选择刷具的刷毛52的长度，以便在成层装置14通过第一清洁区域N1时，在清洁区域N1与粉末沉积区域P之间产生密封。为此目的，刷具52的刷毛54在与粉末沉积机构18的表面成直角的方向上延伸，它们与粉末沉积机构18的表面形成接触。因此，刷毛在与气流的定向方向O相同的方向上延伸。
此外，当吹嘴46定位成与计量圆筒22对齐时，刷具的刷毛52足够长以与壳体30的第二侧壁34中的一个齐平并且因此执行其密封功能。
因此，在成层装置14通过第一清洁区域N1时，刷毛54与计量圆筒22和/或铺平圆筒36的表面之间也存在接触。因此，除了执行密封功能之外，刷具52还可以在成层装置14通过的时候起到对计量圆筒22和/或铺平圆筒36的表面进行扫刷的功能。这可以从中去除已经能够积聚在所述剂量圆筒22和铺平圆筒36的表面上的粉末结块。
在图1至图7所示的实施方案中，密封机构50仅包括位于清洁区域N1和第一吹风装置42的下游的单个刷具52。然而，在未示出的变型中，密封机构50包括两个刷具52，清洁区域由这两个刷具52界定，并且吹风装置42位于两个刷具52之间。在这种情况下，第二刷具52优选地与第一刷具相同，并且相对于孔42的对齐方向对称地布置(即，相对于吹嘴46对称)。
有利地，为了在第一吹风装置42到达粉末沉积区域P之前将由第一吹风装置42去除的结块38排出，清洁装置40进一步包括第一抽吸装置56。该抽吸装置56将由该第一抽吸装置56吸入的粉末排出到设备的称为第一除尘区域D1的区域，第一除尘区域D1与粉末沉积区域P隔离。
在图1至图7所示的第一个实施方案中，第一抽吸装置56包括位于第一清洁区域N1下方的第一排放管道58，第一排放管道58在垂直于挡板12的平面的方向上延伸并且其指向的方向与成层装置14的方向相反。
为了清楚的原因，除了第一排放管道58之外，没有示出第一抽吸装置56的其它元件。
优选地，第一排放管道56与第一吹风装置42对齐，并且特别是与吹嘴46对齐，因此在图3中位于吹嘴46的下方。例如，第一排放管道58在与第一抽吸装置56相反的方向上具有会聚的形式。
图5显示在根据本发明的制造方法(包括清洁步骤)期间执行的清洁循环的统计图。
该制造方法包括清洁步骤，在该清洁步骤期间，成层装置14跟随清洁装置40所在的清洁路径，该清洁路径是往复的。
例如，如图5(表示清洁循环的统计图)所示，成层装置14在清洁路径上执行三次往返。因此它将在清洁区域N1中运行六次。在这种情况下，刷具52与计量圆筒22和铺平圆筒36之间将有六次接触。
优选地，第一抽吸装置56在整个清洁步骤期间执行其抽吸功能。这同样优选地适用于吹风装置42。
此外，仍然可以在图5的统计图中看到，在清洁步骤期间，使铺平圆筒36旋转，通过由第一吹风装置42输送的气流F能够促进任何粉末结块38的脱离。该旋转优选地在整个清洁步骤的持续时间内进行。
为了更具体地去除可能积聚在铺平圆筒36和/或计量圆筒22的表面上的粉末结块，设备10包括位于沉积区域P下游的第二清洁装置60。
该第二清洁装置60包括扫刷装置62，扫刷装置62用于扫刷粉末铺平机构35的至少一个表面，本示例中是铺平圆筒36的表面。
为此目的，扫刷装置62包括至少一个刷具，该刷具设置有可以在成层装置14通过时弯曲的刷毛。
在图1至图7所示的实施方案中，第二清洁装置60特别包括沿大致纵向方向延伸的两个平行的刷具，上游刷具64和下游刷具66(应当理解，术语上游和下游是相对于成层装置14从起始区域A到结束区域B的路径而言)。
在图1至图7所示的示例中，并且特别是在图6中可以看到，上游刷具64和下游刷具66被放置成使得：成层装置14在与刷具64，66的纵向方向基本上成直角的方向上局部地移位。
在该特定情况下，上游刷具64和下游刷具66沿着与成层装置14的平移方向X成直角的轴线延伸。
此外，上游刷具64的刷毛68和下游刷具66的刷毛70在与它们接触的粉末铺平机构35(本示例中是铺平圆筒36)的表面成直角的方向上延伸。
选择上游刷具64的刷毛68和下游刷具66的刷毛70的长度，使得上游刷具64和下游刷具66可以扫刷铺平圆筒36的表面。
优选地，扫刷装置62以及因此上游刷具64和下游刷具66也扫刷粉末沉积机构18的至少一个表面，本示例中是计量圆筒22的表面。此外，这种扫刷有利地与计量圆筒22的表面成直角地进行。
在图1至图7所示的示例中，上游刷具64的刷毛68和下游刷具66的刷毛70具有相同的长度。然而，在未示出的变型中，两个上游刷具64和下游刷具66的刷毛具有不同的长度，以便当计量圆筒22和铺平圆筒36的直径彼此不同时，来适应它们的尺寸，或者适应于计量圆筒22和铺平圆筒36相对于沉积区域P的不同高度。
在第二清洁装置60放置在粉末沉积区域P的下游的时候，上游刷具64隔离第二清洁区域N2与沉积区域P，粉末沉积机构18的扫刷发生在第二清洁区域N2中。
因此，优选地，选择上游刷具64的刷毛68的长度，以便在成层装置14通过清洁区域N2时，在第二清洁区域N2与粉末沉积区域P之间产生密封。
在这种特殊情况下，当吹嘴46与计量圆筒22成一直线时，刷具的刷毛68足够长以与壳体30的第二侧壁34中的一个齐平，从而产生粉末密封功能，如在第一清洁装置40中那样。
如在第一清洁装置40中那样，第二清洁装置60可以包括粉末抽吸装置。该第二粉末抽吸装置72将其吸入的粉末排出到与粉末沉积区域P隔离的第二除尘区域D2。
为此目的，第二抽吸装置72包括抽吸喷嘴74，抽吸喷嘴74包括抽吸孔76，抽吸孔76呈狭缝的形式，所述狭缝具有形成在挡板12中的大致矩形的边缘。
抽吸孔76构成排放管道78的入口，所述排放管道78将清洁区域N2连接到第二除尘区域D2。
优选地，并且如在图7中可以更具体地看出，扫刷装置62的两个刷具中的一个(本示例中是下游刷具66)放置在吸入孔76的边缘处。
为了更好地促进由第二抽吸装置72吸入的粉末的排出，第二抽吸装置72包括用于引导抽吸粉末以将粉末引导到第二排放管道78的装置80。
这些引导装置80特别地包括面向下游刷具66的斜坡82，斜坡的壁82P位于下游刷具66的形成管道86的主体84的壁84P的对面，管道86用于将粉末引入排放管道78的其余部分。
在图1至图7所示的示例中，第二排放管道78包括第一部分87，第一部分87在平行于成层装置14的平移轴线X的方向上在挡板12的下方延伸。
然后，第二排放管道78包括第二部分，该第二部分包括在垂直于挡板12的平面的方向上延伸的排放管88。该管88的第一端连接到第一部分87，该管88的第二端连接到第二除尘区域D2，在第二除尘区域D2中，吸入的粉末在吸力和/或重力的作用下落下。
以与第一清洁装置40相同的方式，涉及第二清洁装置60的增材制造方法包括清洁步骤，在该清洁步骤期间，成层装置14跟随第二清洁装置60所在的清洁路径，清洁路径是往复的。优选地，在该清洁步骤期间，使铺平圆筒36旋转以使用上游刷具64和下游刷具66更好地从其中去除任何粉末结块。
应当注意，在图1和图7所示的根据本发明的第一个实施方案中，设备10包括第一清洁装置40和第二清洁装置60，但是它完全可以仅包括两者中的一个。
图8和图9示出了未要求保护的设备10的第二个实施方案，其中与前述实施方案共有的元件由类似的附图标记表示。
与根据本发明的第一个实施方案的设备类似，未要求保护的第二个实施方案的设备10包括粉末成层装置14，其可以沿着连接起始区域A和结束区域B的路径移位。
该成层装置14包括粉末沉积机构18，粉末沉积机构18用于将粉末沉积在位于起始区域A和结束区域B之间的粉末沉积区域P中。
另一方面，在未要求保护的该第二个实施方案中，粉末沉积机构18包括滑动抽屉而不是计量圆筒。这些沉积机构未在图中表示。
与第一清洁装置和第二清洁装置类似，第三清洁装置90位于粉末沉积装置14的路径上并且设置有由粉末沉积机构18输送的剂量的粉末的铺平机构35，特别包括铺平圆筒36。
未要求保护的第二个实施方案的设备10还包括位于粉末沉积区域P上游的清洁装置或第三清洁装置90。
第三清洁装置90包括刮擦机构92，刮擦机构92设置有多个彼此平行的纵向刮擦齿94，刮擦齿94刮擦铺平圆筒36的与该表面相切的表面。
特别地，成层装置14在路径上沿基本平行于刮擦机构92的刮擦齿94的纵向的方向移位。在图8和图9所示的示例中，刮擦机构92的刮擦齿94因此沿轴线X延伸。
优选地，刮擦机构92包括至少一个梳齿，该梳齿包括多个刮擦齿94。梳齿的刮擦齿94基本上全部具有相同的长度。
在未要求保护的第二个实施方案中，刮擦机构94包括形成齿94的第一排的第一梳齿96以及形成齿94的第二排的第二梳齿98，齿94的第一排和第二排平行。
为了获得更有效地刮擦铺平圆筒36的表面，第一梳齿96的齿94的自由端相对于第二梳齿98的齿94的自由端在纵向上偏移。
在该特定情况下，第一梳齿96和第二梳齿98共用同一个主体100。更具体地，第一梳齿96和第二梳齿98的齿94从同一平面延伸，本示例中是主体100的同一表面102。
而且，第一梳齿96的齿94的长度大于第二梳齿98的齿的长度。
为了使它们耐用，刮擦机构92的齿94优选地由金属材料制成。
更具体而言，刮擦机构92的齿由去磁不锈钢制成，以便一方面避免氧化物的产生和这些氧化物对粉末的污染，另一方面，对于它们来说能够用于金属粉末基增材制造设备。这种钢的一个示例是例如301去磁不锈钢。
在未要求保护的该第二个实施方案中，如在第一个实施方案中那样，清洁装置包括吹风装置42，吹风装置42构造成将气流吹到铺平圆筒36的至少一个表面上。
由于该吹风装置42与第一个实施方案的设备非常相似，因此这里不再详细描述。
将简单地指出，以类似于第一个实施方案的方式，该吹风装置42包括吹嘴46，吹嘴46设置有多个孔48，孔48朝向铺平圆筒36的表面对齐并且定向，成层装置14在与吹嘴46的孔48的对准方向基本上成直角的方向上，在路径上局部地移位。
以与第一清洁装置40或者第二清洁装置60相同的方式，涉及第三清洁装置90的增材制造方法包括清洁步骤，在该清洁步骤期间，成层装置14跟随第三清洁装置90所在的清洁路径，清洁路径是往复的。
优选地，在该清洁步骤期间，使铺平圆筒36旋转，以借助于成层装置14的位移，使用梳齿96，98，在与铺平圆筒36的前进方向相反的方向上，更好地从其中去除任何粉末结块。例如，在刮擦机构92的齿94从上游延伸到下游(图8和图9中从右到左)的情况下，成层装置14从下游移位到上游，并且在清洁期间铺平圆筒36在逆时针方向上旋转。
应注意的是，在图8和图9中示出的未要求保护第二个实施方案中，设备10包括单个清洁装置90，但是设备10完全可以包括几个清洁装置，特别是第一清洁装置40和第二清洁装置60的一个和/或另一个。
通常，本发明不限于所呈现的实施方案，并且其它实施方案对于本领域技术人员而言将变得清楚明白。
例如，将可以设想上述不同清洁装置的元件的任何组合。

Claims (7)

1.一种粉末基增材制造设备(10)，其包括粉末的成层装置(14)，所述成层装置(14)能够沿着连接起始区域(A)和结束区域(B)的路径移位，
所述成层装置(14)包括粉末的沉积机构(18)和粉末的铺平机构(35)，所述沉积机构(18)用于在位于起始区域(A)和结束区域(B)之间的粉末沉积区域(P)上沉积粉末，所述铺平机构(35)在沉积区域(P)中分配和铺平由沉积机构(18)沉积的粉末，
其特征在于，所述制造设备(10)进一步包括位于成层装置(14)的路径上的清洁装置(60)，清洁装置(60)包括扫刷装置(62)，扫刷装置(62)用于扫刷粉末的沉积机构(18)和粉末的铺平机构(35)的至少一个表面，
其中所述扫刷装置(62)包括在纵向方向上延伸的两个平行的刷具(64，66)，所述刷具设置有能够在所述成层装置(14)通过时弯曲的刷毛(68，70)，所述成层装置(14)在与刷具(64，66)的纵向方向基本成直角的方向上局部地移位，刷具(64，66)的刷毛(68，70)具有不同的长度，以适应铺平机构(35)和沉积机构(18)的尺寸，其中，就从起始区域(A)到结束区域(B)方向的路径而言，位于上游的刷具(64)的刷毛(68)的长度选择成在成层装置(14)通过清洁装置(60)所处的清洁区域(N2)时，在清洁区域(N2)与粉末沉积区域(P)之间产生密封，清洁装置(60)位于粉末沉积区域(P)的下游。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制造设备(10)，其中所述清洁装置(60)包括粉末的抽吸装置(72)，所述抽吸装置(72)用于将由所述抽吸装置(72)吸入的粉末排放到所述设备(10)的称为除尘区域(D2)的区域，所述除尘区域(D2)与粉末的沉积区域(P)隔离。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制造设备(10)，其中，所述刷具(64，66)放置在所述抽吸装置(72)的抽吸孔(76)的边缘处。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制造设备(10)，其中，所述刷具(64，66)的刷毛(68，70)在与粉末的铺平机构(35)的与刷毛(68，70)形成接触的表面成直角的方向上延伸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制造设备(10)，其中，所述刷具(64，66)在基本上纵向方向上延伸，所述成层装置(14)在基本上横向于刷具(64，66)的纵向方向的方向的路径上局部地移位。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制造设备(10)，其中，粉末的铺平机构(35)包括铺平圆筒(36)，所述扫刷装置(62)扫刷所述铺平圆筒(36)的外表面。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制造设备(10)，其中，粉末的沉积机构(18)包括旋转计量圆筒(22)，所述扫刷装置(60)扫刷所述旋转计量圆筒(22)的外表面。
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US20200055247A1 (en) 2020-02-20
JP7066708B2 (ja) 2022-05-13
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