CN110063152B - Aquatic plant growth platform with adjustable depth and planting method - Google Patents
Aquatic plant growth platform with adjustable depth and planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110063152B CN110063152B CN201910388003.XA CN201910388003A CN110063152B CN 110063152 B CN110063152 B CN 110063152B CN 201910388003 A CN201910388003 A CN 201910388003A CN 110063152 B CN110063152 B CN 110063152B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a depth-adjustable aquatic plant growth platform and a planting method, wherein the aquatic plant growth platform comprises a growth platform, a floating body and a height connecting piece; the growth platform comprises a sinking enclosure frame, a gauze layer and a grid layer; the gauze layer is laid at the bottom of the sinking enclosure frame, and the grid layer is laid at the top of the sinking enclosure frame; the aperture of the grid layer is larger than the diameter of the aquatic plant seeds or plant stems; seeds or plants of aquatic plants are planted between the gauze layer and the grid layer, and the floating body comprises a floating surrounding frame and a plurality of floating balls; the floating balls are sleeved on the upper floating surrounding frame; the upper floating surrounding frame is connected with the lower sinking surrounding frame through a plurality of height connecting pieces; the length of the height connecting piece can be adjusted. The method adopts the mode of the adjustable growth platform to plant the aquatic plants, so that the depth of the planting water body to be restored is not required; because the depth of the adjustable growth platform can be adjusted in time according to the growth condition of the plants, the light can be ensured to be sufficient, and the survival rate of the aquatic plants, particularly the submerged plants, can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water environment restoration, in particular to a depth-adjustable aquatic plant growth platform and a planting method.
Background
Water eutrophication is a phenomenon of water pollution caused by excessive content of plant nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, and internationally, the total phosphorus concentration (TP) in lake water is generally considered to be more than 0.02 mg/L, the total nitrogen concentration (TN) is more than 0.2 mg/L, and the total phosphorus concentration is considered to be the occurrence concentration of lake eutrophication.
Under natural conditions, with the continuous sedimentation and sedimentation of the river carrying impact substances and aquatic organism debris at the bottom of the lake, the lake is transited from poor nutrition to rich nutrition, and then is developed into marsh and land, which is a very slow process. However, due to the activities of human beings, after a large amount of industrial wastewater, domestic sewage and plant nutrients in the runoff of farmlands are discharged into the slow-flow water body such as lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, gulfs and the like, aquatic organisms, particularly algae, are propagated in large quantities, so that the variety and the number of the biological population are changed, and the ecological balance of the water body is damaged.
Investigation shows that 2 of class II water quality, 6 of class III water quality, 4 of class IV water quality, 5 of class V water quality and 11 of inferior class V water quality are satisfied in 28 national major lakes (reservoirs), main pollution indexes are total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and most of urban lakes in China are in eutrophication or super-eutrophication states.
With the ever-increasing prominence of environmental problems and the increasing emphasis of people on environmental problems, the treatment work on eutrophic lakes is being carried out all over the world at present. The water eutrophication treatment measures mainly comprise two aspects of exogenous pollution control and endogenous pollution control.
At present, exogenous pollution of a plurality of lakes is well controlled or relieved, and a control method of endogenous pollution is still actively explored. Techniques for controlling endogenous pollution of water quality can be classified into chemical, physical, biological, and the like according to their properties. Wherein, the planting of submerged plants in eutrophic water is a common bioremediation method. Submerged plants are planted in eutrophic water, and through the absorption and adsorption of the plants and the mechanism of species competition, pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water are converted into energy required by the plants to be stored in the plants, so that the improvement of the water environment is realized, and the submerged plants attract attention due to the advantages.
However, most of the current methods for transplanting submerged plants are to directly plant the submerged plants in the bottom sediment of the water body, and the water bodies of lakes and reservoirs are deep (basically more than 2 meters) and have low transparency, so that the light cannot reach the bottom sediment of the lakes and reservoirs. Illumination is an important limiting factor for the growth of green plants, and green plants cannot survive in places where the illumination is not available. Therefore, the problem of low survival rate of the submerged plants greatly limits the development of the submerged plant restoration technology in the eutrophic water body treatment process, and the problem is urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a depth-adjustable aquatic plant growth platform and a planting method aiming at the defects of the prior art, wherein the depth-adjustable aquatic plant growth platform and the planting method adopt a suspension growth platform mode to plant submerged plants, so that the depth of a planting water body to be restored is not required; because the degree of depth of suspension growth platform can carry out in good time adjustment according to the growth condition of plant, consequently can guarantee that light is sufficient to can effectively improve the survival rate that aquatic plant especially submerged plant planted. Is particularly suitable for planting aquatic plants, particularly submerged plants in the ecological restoration process of large water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an aquatic plant growth platform with adjustable depth comprises a growth platform, a floating body and a height connecting piece.
The growth platform comprises a sinking enclosure frame, a gauze layer and a grid layer; the density of the sinking enclosure frame is greater than that of the water body; the gauze layer is laid at the bottom of the sinking enclosure frame, and the grid layer is laid at the top of the sinking enclosure frame; the aperture of the grid layer is larger than the diameter of the aquatic plant seeds or plant stems;
seeds or plants of aquatic plants are planted between the gauze layer and the mesh layer.
The floating body comprises an upper floating surrounding frame and a plurality of floating balls; the floating enclosure frame and the sinking enclosure frame are the same in size and shape, the density of the floating enclosure frame is smaller than that of a water body, and the floating enclosure frame is sleeved with the floating ball bodies.
The upper floating surrounding frame is connected with the lower sinking surrounding frame through a plurality of height connecting pieces, and the lengths of the height connecting pieces can be adjusted; the length of the height connecting piece is adjusted according to the transparency of the planting water body to be restored and the growth condition of the aquatic plants, and the maximum length of the height connecting piece is not less than the depth of the planting water body to be restored.
The height connecting piece is a flexible connecting rope.
The planting water body to be restored is a lake water body or a reservoir water body.
The sinking enclosure frame is formed by splicing hollow stainless steel round pipes or stainless steel square pipes.
The height of the sinking enclosing frame is 2.5-4cm, the length of the growth platform is 6m, and the width of the growth platform is 1.5-3 m.
The upper floating surrounding frame and the floating ball are both made of PVC materials.
A method for planting aquatic plants comprises the following steps.
Step 1, planting aquatic plants, which are divided into seed planting and plant planting.
The seed planting method comprises the following steps.
Step a1, seed spraying: when the density of the aquatic plant seeds does not exceed the water density, soaking the gauze layer in water for wetting, and then uniformly spraying the aquatic plant seeds on the gauze layer through the mesh layer; when the density of the aquatic plant seeds is larger than the water density, the aquatic plant seeds are directly sprayed on the gauze layer through the mesh layer.
Step a2, seed germination and growth: when the density of the aquatic plant seeds does not exceed the water density, placing the growth platform sprayed with the aquatic plant seeds on a dry land, and spraying water according to the germination and growth requirements of the aquatic plants until roots are fixedly planted on the gauze; when the density of the aquatic plant seeds is larger than the density of water, the length of the height connecting piece is adjusted to 15-20 cm, then the growth platform sprayed with the aquatic plant seeds is placed in the planting water body to be restored, the depth of the growth platform is kept at 15-20 cm, the aquatic plant seeds sprayed on the growth platform germinate, and the buds grow out of the mesh layer.
The plant planting method comprises the following steps.
Step b1, plant cuttage: cutting adult plants into 5-10 cm aquatic weed segments, taking 3-6 aquatic weed segments as one plant, inserting the plant in the mesh layer, and controlling the plant spacing and the row spacing of the plant to be 8-10 cm.
Step b2, plant cultivation and germination: adjusting the length of the height connecting piece to 15-20 cm, then placing the aquatic plant growth platform with adjustable depth in the planting water body to be restored, keeping the depth of the growth platform at 15-20 cm, and waiting for the cuttage plants to grow buds of 2-3 cm.
Step 2, detecting the transparency of the planting water body to be restored: and detecting the transparency of the planting water body to be restored by adopting a water body transparent dial, and measuring the transparency value to be hcm.
Step 3, placing aquatic plants: the lengths of all the height connecting pieces are adjusted to be 0.5-1 hcm, and then the aquatic plant growth platform with the adjusted lengths of the height connecting pieces is placed in the planting water body to be restored.
And 4, periodically monitoring the transparency of the planting water body to be restored: according to the set interval time, carrying out transparency detection on the planting water body to be restored, wherein the transparency is h1cm。
Step 5, detecting the generation height of the aquatic plants: and detecting the generation height of the aquatic plants according to the set interval time, wherein the height of the aquatic plants is a cm.
Step 6, adjusting the height of the growth platform: adjusting the length of all height connecting pieces in the planting water body to be restored to h1+2/3a cm。
Step 7, placing the growth platform in the sludge: and (5) repeating the steps 4 to 6 until the height of the growth platform is adjusted to be equal to the depth of the planting water body to be restored, placing the growth platform in the sludge, and removing the floating body and the height connecting piece.
In step b1, the adult plants are cut into 8cm water grass segments, and 5 water grass segments are used as one plant.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. simple structure, convenient and easy operation and low cost.
2. The submerged plants are planted in a suspension mode, so that the depth of the planting water body to be restored is not required.
3. Because the depth of the suspension body can be adjusted in time according to the growth condition of the plants, the light can be ensured to be sufficient, and the survival rate of the submerged plant can be effectively improved. Is particularly suitable for planting submerged plants in the ecological restoration process of large water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a submerged plant growing suspension with adjustable depth according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the growth stage.
Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of the growth stage.
Among them are:
11. sinking the enclosure frame; 12. a gauze layer; 13. a mesh layer;
20. a flexible connecting rope;
31. floating the enclosure frame; 32. a floating ball.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "left side", "right side", "upper part", "lower part", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and that "first", "second", etc., do not represent an important degree of the component parts, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The specific dimensions used in the present example are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a submerged plant growing suspension with adjustable depth comprises a growing platform (ABCD surface), a floating body (EFGH surface) and a height connector 20.
The length of the growth platform is preferably 6m, and the width of the growth platform is preferably 1.5-3 m.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the growth stage includes a sinker bounding box 11, a gauze layer 12 and a mesh layer 13.
The density of the sinking enclosure frame is greater than that of water, and the sinking enclosure frame is preferably formed by splicing hollow stainless steel round pipes or stainless steel square pipes. The height of the sinking enclosure frame is preferably 2.5-4cm, for example, the outer diameter of the stainless steel round tube is 2.5-4cm, the thickness is 0.9-3mm, and the height can be selected according to specific conditions.
The gauze layer is laid at the bottom of the enclosure frame, the holes of the gauze layer are small, the specification of gauze meshes can ensure that seeds of the submerged plant cannot leak, and the root system of the submerged plant can penetrate through the gauze layer.
The grid layer is laid on the top of the enclosure frame; the aperture of the grid layer is larger than the diameter of the aquatic plant seeds or plant stems; the aperture of the grid layer is preferably 0.3-0.5cm, and the submerged plant can penetrate through the holes of the grid layer after budding or growing to support the submerged plant.
Seeds or plants of aquatic plants are planted between the gauze layer and the mesh layer.
The floating body comprises an upper floating surrounding frame 31 and a plurality of floating balls 32.
The upper floating surrounding frame and the lower sinking surrounding frame are the same in size and shape, namely the length is preferably 6m, and the width is preferably 1.5-3 m.
The density of the upper floating enclosure frame is less than that of water, and the floating balls are sleeved on the upper floating enclosure frame.
The upper floating surrounding frame and the floating ball are both made of PVC materials. The floating enclosure frame is preferably formed by splicing PVC pipes, and the PVC pipes penetrate through the middle holes of the floating balls made of PVC materials to connect the floating balls to form the floating body.
The external diameter of the PVC pipe is preferably 2.5-7.5cm, and can be selected according to specific conditions; the diameter of the middle hole of the floating ball is preferably 2.5-7.5cm, and can be selected according to specific situations.
The upper floating enclosure frame is connected with the lower floating enclosure frame through a plurality of height connecting pieces, and the height connecting pieces are preferably flexible connecting ropes 20. The flexible connection rope can reserve certain length near the one end of floating enclosure frame to can adjust the growth stage degree of depth through the length of adjusting the rope.
The length of the height connecting piece can be adjusted; the length of the height connecting piece is adjusted according to the transparency of the planting water body to be restored and the growth condition of the aquatic plants, and the maximum length of the height connecting piece is not less than the depth of the planting water body to be restored.
The planting water body to be restored is a lake water body or a reservoir water body and the like.
A submerged plant planting method comprises the following steps:
step 1, planting submerged plants, which are divided into seed planting and plant planting.
Wherein, the seed planting comprises the following steps:
step a1, seed spraying: when the density of the aquatic plant seeds does not exceed the water density, soaking the gauze layer in water for wetting, and then uniformly spraying the aquatic plant seeds on the gauze layer through the mesh layer; when the density of the aquatic plant seeds is larger than the water density, the aquatic plant seeds are directly sprayed on the gauze layer through the mesh layer.
Step a2, seed germination and growth: when the density of the aquatic plant seeds does not exceed the water density, placing the growth platform sprayed with the aquatic plant seeds on a dry land, and spraying water according to the germination and growth requirements of the aquatic plants until roots are fixedly planted on the gauze; when the density of the aquatic plant seeds is larger than the density of water, the length of the height connecting piece is adjusted to 15-20 cm, then the growth platform sprayed with the aquatic plant seeds is placed in the planting water body to be restored, the depth of the growth platform is kept at 15-20 cm, the aquatic plant seeds sprayed on the growth platform germinate, and the buds grow out of the mesh layer.
Planting plants, comprising the following steps:
step b1, plant cuttage: cutting the adult plants into 5-10 cm aquatic weed segments, preferably 8 cm; 3-6 (preferably 5) waterweed segments are used as a plant, the plant is inserted into the mesh layer, and the plant spacing and the row spacing of the plant are controlled to be 8-10 cm.
Step b2, plant cultivation and germination: adjusting the length of the height connecting piece to 15-20 cm, then placing the aquatic plant growth platform with adjustable depth in the planting water body to be restored, keeping the depth of the growth platform at 15-20 cm, and waiting for the cuttage plants to grow buds of 2-3 cm.
Step 2, detecting the transparency of the planting water body to be restored: and detecting the transparency of the planting water body to be restored by adopting a water body transparent dial, and measuring the transparency value to be hcm.
Step 3, placing submerged plants: adjusting the lengths of all height connecting pieces to be 0.5-1 hcm, preferably 0.8-1 hcm; and then placing the submerged plant planting suspension body with the length of the height connecting piece adjusted in the planting water body to be restored.
And 4, periodically monitoring the transparency of the planting water body to be restored: according to the set interval time, carrying out transparency detection on the planting water body to be restored, wherein the transparency is h1cm. As the aquatic plants are generated, the planting water body to be restored becomes more and more transparent, so that the transparency value is increased.
Step 5, detecting the generation height of the aquatic plants: and detecting the generation height of the aquatic plants according to the set interval time, wherein the height of the aquatic plants is a cm. As the aquatic plants grow, the aquatic plant height will also be higher and higher.
Step 6, adjusting the height of the growth platform: adjusting the length of all height connecting pieces in the planting water body to be restored to h1+2/3a cm. The depth of the growth platform can be timely adjusted according to the growth condition of the plant, when the plant grows up, the depth of the growth platform is adjusted to be deep, and one third of the plant is guaranteed to be in the water transparency range, so that the plant can be guaranteed to be capable of photosynthesis and growth.
Step 7, placing the growth platform in the sludge: and (5) repeating the steps 4 to 6 until the height of the growth platform is adjusted to be equal to the depth of the planting water body to be restored, placing the growth platform in the sludge, and removing the floating body and the height connecting piece.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the embodiments, and various equivalent modifications can be made within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for planting aquatic plants is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, planting aquatic plants, which are divided into seed planting and plant planting;
wherein, the seed planting comprises the following steps:
step a1, seed spraying: when the density of the aquatic plant seeds does not exceed the water density, soaking the gauze layer in water for wetting, and then uniformly spraying the aquatic plant seeds on the gauze layer through the mesh layer; when the density of the aquatic plant seeds is greater than the water density, the aquatic plant seeds are directly sprayed on the gauze layer through the mesh layer;
step a2, seed germination and growth: when the density of the aquatic plant seeds does not exceed the water density, placing the growth platform sprayed with the aquatic plant seeds on a dry land, and spraying water according to the germination and growth requirements of the aquatic plants until roots are fixedly planted on the gauze; when the density of the aquatic plant seeds is greater than the density of water, adjusting the length of the height connecting piece to 15-20 cm, then placing the growth platform sprayed with the aquatic plant seeds in a planting water body to be restored, keeping the depth of the growth platform at 15-20 cm, enabling the aquatic plant seeds sprayed on the growth platform to sprout, and enabling the sprouts to grow out of the mesh layer;
planting plants, comprising the following steps:
step b1, plant cuttage: cutting adult plants into 5-10 cm aquatic plant sections, taking 3-6 aquatic plant sections as one plant, inserting the plant into the mesh layer, and controlling the plant spacing and the row spacing of the plant to be 8-10 cm;
step b2, plant cultivation and germination: adjusting the length of the height connecting piece to 15-20 cm, then placing the aquatic plant growth platform with adjustable depth in the planting water body to be restored, keeping the depth of the growth platform at 15-20 cm, and waiting for the cuttage plants to grow new buds of 2-3 cm;
step 2, detecting the transparency of the planting water body to be restored: detecting the transparency of the planting water body to be restored by adopting a water body transparent dial plate, and measuring the transparency value to be hcm;
step 3, placing aquatic plants: adjusting the lengths of all height connectors to 0.5-1 hcm, and then placing the aquatic plant growth platform with the adjusted lengths of the height connectors in a planting water body to be restored;
and 4, periodically monitoring the transparency of the planting water body to be restored: according to the set interval time, carrying out transparency detection on the planting water body to be restored, wherein the transparency detection is carried out on the planting water body to be restored at the momentTransparency h1cm；
Step 5, detecting the generation height of the aquatic plants: detecting the generation height of the aquatic plants according to the set interval time, wherein the height of the aquatic plants is a cm;
step 6, adjusting the height of the growth platform: adjusting the length of all height connecting pieces in the planting water body to be restored to h1+2/3a cm, the depth of the growth platform can be adjusted in time according to the growth condition of the plant, when the plant grows up, the depth of the growth platform is adjusted to be deep, and one third of the plant is ensured to be in the water transparency range, so that the plant can be ensured to carry out photosynthesis and growth;
step 7, placing the growth platform in the sludge: and (5) repeating the steps 4 to 6 until the height of the growth platform is adjusted to be equal to the depth of the planting water body to be restored, placing the growth platform in the sludge, and removing the floating body and the height connecting piece.
2. An aquatic plant growing method according to claim 1, wherein: in step b1, the adult plants are cut into 8cm water grass segments, and 5 water grass segments are used as one plant.
3. An aquatic plant growing method according to claim 1, wherein: the seed planting and the plant planting are both based on the aquatic plant growing table with adjustable depth, wherein the aquatic plant growing table with adjustable depth comprises a growing table, a floating body and a height connecting piece;
the growth platform comprises a sinking enclosure frame, a gauze layer and a grid layer; the density of the sinking enclosure frame is greater than that of the water body; the gauze layer is laid at the bottom of the sinking enclosure frame, and the grid layer is laid at the top of the sinking enclosure frame; the aperture of the grid layer is larger than the diameter of the aquatic plant seeds or plant stems;
seeds or plants of aquatic plants are planted between the gauze layer and the grid layer;
the floating body comprises an upper floating surrounding frame and a plurality of floating balls; the upper floating enclosure frame and the lower floating enclosure frame are the same in size and shape, the density of the upper floating enclosure frame is less than that of a water body, and a plurality of floating balls are sleeved on the upper floating enclosure frame;
the upper floating surrounding frame is connected with the lower sinking surrounding frame through a plurality of height connecting pieces, and the lengths of the height connecting pieces can be adjusted; the length of the height connecting piece is adjusted according to the transparency of the planting water body to be restored and the growth condition of the aquatic plants, and the maximum length of the height connecting piece is not less than the depth of the planting water body to be restored.
4. An aquatic plant growing method according to claim 3, wherein: the height connecting piece is a flexible connecting rope.
5. An aquatic plant growing method according to claim 3, wherein: the planting water body to be restored is a lake water body or a reservoir water body.
6. An aquatic plant growing method according to claim 3, wherein: the sinking enclosure frame is formed by splicing hollow stainless steel round pipes or stainless steel square pipes.
7. An aquatic plant growing method according to claim 6, wherein: the height of the sinking enclosing frame is 2.5-4cm, the length of the growth platform is 6m, and the width of the growth platform is 1.5-3 m.
8. An aquatic plant growing method according to claim 3, wherein: the upper floating surrounding frame and the floating ball are both made of PVC materials.
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| CN210030177U (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2020-02-07 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Aquatic plant growth platform with adjustable depth |
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| CN1956653A (en) * | 2004-05-24 | 2007-05-02 | 方太海德有限公司 | Super-enhanced, adjustably buoyant floating island |
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