CN110057413A - Flow measurement device and its method based on dynamic grid - Google Patents
Flow measurement device and its method based on dynamic grid Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
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Abstract
本发明涉及中小型明渠流量测量领域，是基于动态网格的流量测量装置及其方法，解决了现有技术中无点流速法测量误差大的问题。本发明包括分别设置于待测明渠两侧的超声换能器组，微控制器、水位监测装置、自动升降装置；所述自动升降装置上设置有超声换能器；所述超声换能器组、水位检测装置和自动升降装置分别连接微控制器。本发明公开的一种基于动态网格的流量测量装置及其方法基于动态网格的流量测量方法将待测区域划分网格，动态调整网格的大小与数量，通过重建算法，重建每一个网格内的流速的平均流速，提高流速计算的精准度；通过对变化率明显的区域或网格的多超声换能器线路调用和计算，进一步提高流速精准度的提高。The invention relates to the field of flow measurement of small and medium-sized open channels, and is a flow measurement device and method based on a dynamic grid, which solves the problem of large measurement error of the pointless flow velocity method in the prior art. The invention includes ultrasonic transducer groups respectively arranged on both sides of the open channel to be measured, a microcontroller, a water level monitoring device and an automatic lifting device; the automatic lifting device is provided with an ultrasonic transducer; the ultrasonic transducer group , The water level detection device and the automatic lifting device are respectively connected to the microcontroller. The invention discloses a dynamic grid-based flow measurement device and method thereof. The dynamic grid-based flow measurement method divides the area to be measured into grids, dynamically adjusts the size and number of grids, and reconstructs each grid through a reconstruction algorithm. The average flow velocity of the flow velocity in the grid improves the accuracy of the flow velocity calculation; by calling and calculating the multi-ultrasonic transducer lines in the area or grid with a significant change rate, the accuracy of the flow velocity is further improved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及中小型明渠流量测量领域，特别是指基于动态网格的流量测量装置与方法。The invention relates to the field of flow measurement of small and medium-sized open channels, in particular to a flow measurement device and method based on dynamic grids.
背景技术Background technique
明渠流量测量系统适用于水库、河流、水利工程、城市供水、污水处理、农田灌溉、水政水资源等矩形、梯形明渠及涵洞的流量测量。The open channel flow measurement system is suitable for the flow measurement of rectangular, trapezoidal open channels and culverts such as reservoirs, rivers, water conservancy projects, urban water supply, sewage treatment, farmland irrigation, water administration and water resources.
现有的明渠流量测量方法有雷达波流量计、超声波明渠流量计、声波多普勒明渠测量仪等量水技术大都采用点流速法，用一个点或者几个点代表层面的流速，根据每一个层面的速度，计算水流的大致流速，因此精度很低，研制一种成本低、精度高、操作方便、结构简单的明渠流量计对合理利用水资源、污水治理有着重要的现实意义。The existing open channel flow measurement methods include radar wave flowmeter, ultrasonic open channel flowmeter, and acoustic Doppler open channel measuring instrument. Most of the water measurement technologies adopt the point flow velocity method, and use one point or several points to represent the flow velocity of the layer. Therefore, the accuracy is very low. The development of an open channel flowmeter with low cost, high accuracy, convenient operation and simple structure has important practical significance for the rational utilization of water resources and sewage treatment.
明渠的流态很复杂，有急流、缓流、紊流等，而且同一个层面的不同位置其流态也不同，现有的方法大都采用的是点流速法或者层面平均流速法，即用有限的测量点的流速来表征整个层面的平均流速，很不精准。The flow pattern of the open channel is very complex, including rapid flow, slow flow, turbulent flow, etc., and the flow patterns are different at different positions on the same level. Most of the existing methods use the point flow rate method or the level average flow rate method, which is limited in use. It is very inaccurate to characterize the average flow velocity of the whole layer by the flow velocity of the measurement point.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明提出基于动态网格的流量测量装置与方法，解决了现有技术中无点流速法测量误差大的问题。The invention proposes a flow measurement device and method based on a dynamic grid, which solves the problem of large measurement error of the pointless flow velocity method in the prior art.
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：基于动态网格的流量测量装置，包括超声换能器组，所述超声换能器组分别设置于待测明渠两侧，超声换能器组均匀分布于明渠深度方向，还包括用于控制和运算的微控制器、水位监测装置、自动升降装置；所述自动升降装置上设置有超声换能器；所述自动升降装置设置于明渠两侧超声换能器组垂直方向，与明渠水面平行；所述超声换能器组、水位检测装置和自动升降装置分别连接微控制器。The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: a flow measurement device based on a dynamic grid includes an ultrasonic transducer group, the ultrasonic transducer groups are respectively arranged on both sides of the open channel to be measured, and the ultrasonic transducer groups are evenly distributed on the In the depth direction of the open channel, it also includes a microcontroller for control and calculation, a water level monitoring device, and an automatic lifting device; the automatic lifting device is provided with an ultrasonic transducer; the automatic lifting device is arranged on both sides of the open channel. The vertical direction of the device group is parallel to the water surface of the open channel; the ultrasonic transducer group, the water level detection device and the automatic lifting device are respectively connected to the microcontroller.
进一步地，所述明渠底部还设置有超声换能器，所述超声换能器与设置于自动升降装置上的超声换能器平行设置。Further, an ultrasonic transducer is also arranged at the bottom of the open channel, and the ultrasonic transducer is arranged in parallel with the ultrasonic transducer arranged on the automatic lifting device.
进一步地，所述设置于自动升降装置和明渠底部的超声换能器不少于两个。Further, there are no less than two ultrasonic transducers arranged at the bottom of the automatic lifting device and the open channel.
进一步地，还包括通信装置和远程控制装置，所述通信装置连接微控制器和远程控制装置。Further, a communication device and a remote control device are also included, and the communication device is connected with the microcontroller and the remote control device.
本发明公开的基于动态网格的流量测量方法，包括以下步骤：A设置超声换能器：在待测明渠两侧分别设置超声换能器组；在明渠中设置自动升降装置，自动升降装置上设置超声换能器；设置水位检测装置；B调整自动升降装置位置：通过水位监测装置监测水位，通过微控制器控制自动升降装置，使自动升降装置上的超声换能器没入水中；C设置动态网格：根据没入水中的超声换能器，通过微控制器动态调用流量场网格；D流量场重建：通过微控制器运算生成流量场；E信号传递：通过通信装置将信号传送至远程控制装置。The dynamic grid-based flow measurement method disclosed in the present invention includes the following steps: A: Setting ultrasonic transducers: setting ultrasonic transducer groups on both sides of the open channel to be measured; setting an automatic lifting device in the open channel; Set the ultrasonic transducer; set the water level detection device; B adjust the position of the automatic lifting device: monitor the water level through the water level monitoring device, and control the automatic lifting device through the microcontroller, so that the ultrasonic transducer on the automatic lifting device is submerged in the water; C set the dynamic Grid: According to the ultrasonic transducer submerged in the water, the flow field grid is dynamically called by the microcontroller; D flow field reconstruction: The flow field is generated by the operation of the microcontroller; E Signal transmission: The signal is transmitted to the remote control through the communication device device.
进一步地，所述步骤A还包括在明渠底部，平行于自动升降装置方向设置超声换能器。Further, the step A further includes arranging the ultrasonic transducer at the bottom of the open channel parallel to the direction of the automatic lifting device.
进一步地，所述步骤D具体的是判断流量场变化率，并调用超声换能器对变化率变化明显的区域，动态改变网格大小和数量与超声换能器线路调用，通过算法实现流量场的重建。Further, the step D specifically judges the rate of change of the flow field, and calls the ultrasonic transducer to the area where the rate of change changes significantly, dynamically changes the size and number of the grid and the line call of the ultrasonic transducer, and realizes the flow field through an algorithm. reconstruction.
进一步地，还包括步骤F实时监测：重复步骤C、D和E，将实时流量场通过通信装置传送至远程控制装置；所述步骤F设置于步骤E后。Further, it also includes step F of real-time monitoring: repeating steps C, D and E, and transmitting the real-time flow field to the remote control device through the communication device; the step F is set after the step E.
本发明公开的一种基于动态网格的流量测量装置及其方法基于动态网格的流量测量方法将待测区域划分网格，动态调整网格的大小与数量，通过重建算法，重建每一个网格内的流速的平均流速，提高流速计算的精准度；通过对变化率明显的区域或网格的多超声换能器线路调用和计算，进一步提高流速精准度的提高。The invention discloses a dynamic grid-based flow measurement device and method thereof. The dynamic grid-based flow measurement method divides the area to be measured into grids, dynamically adjusts the size and number of grids, and reconstructs each grid through a reconstruction algorithm. The average flow velocity of the flow velocity in the grid improves the accuracy of the flow velocity calculation; by calling and calculating the multi-ultrasonic transducer lines in the area or grid with a significant change rate, the accuracy of the flow velocity is further improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.
图1：超声换能器布置图；Figure 1: Ultrasonic transducer layout;
图2：声波传输路径与网格划分图；Figure 2: Acoustic transmission path and mesh division diagram;
图3：动态变化后声波传输路径与网格划分图。Figure 3: The acoustic wave transmission path and meshing diagram after dynamic change.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1超声换能器布置图所示，本发明公开的一种基于动态网格的流量测量装置，包括超声换能器组，所述超声换能器组分别设置于待测明渠两侧，超声换能器组均匀分布于明渠深度方向，还包括用于控制和运算的微控制器、水位监测装置、自动升降装置；所述自动升降装置上设置有超声换能器；所述自动升降装置设置于明渠两侧超声换能器组垂直方向，与明渠水面平行；所述超声换能器组、水位检测装置和自动升降装置分别连接微控制器。其中黑点表示超声换能器，超声换能器11、12、13放置在自动升降装置上面，改变超声波换能器11,12,13位置从而动态的改变重建区域和网格的大小与数量，通过测量水位来确定使用哪些换能器，自适应使用最佳的路径，达到快速重建的目的。As shown in the ultrasonic transducer layout diagram in FIG. 1 , a dynamic grid-based flow measurement device disclosed in the present invention includes an ultrasonic transducer group, and the ultrasonic transducer groups are respectively arranged on both sides of the open channel to be measured, The ultrasonic transducer group is evenly distributed in the depth direction of the open channel, and also includes a microcontroller for control and operation, a water level monitoring device, and an automatic lifting device; the automatic lifting device is provided with an ultrasonic transducer; the automatic lifting device The ultrasonic transducer groups are arranged in the vertical direction on both sides of the open channel and are parallel to the water surface of the open channel; the ultrasonic transducer group, the water level detection device and the automatic lifting device are respectively connected to the microcontroller. The black dots represent the ultrasonic transducers. The ultrasonic transducers 11, 12, and 13 are placed on the automatic lifting device, and the positions of the ultrasonic transducers 11, 12, and 13 are changed to dynamically change the reconstruction area and the size and quantity of the grid. By measuring the water level to determine which transducers to use, the optimal path is used adaptively to achieve the purpose of fast reconstruction.
进一步地，所述明渠底部还设置有超声换能器，所述超声换能器与设置于自动升降装置上的超声换能器平行设置。Further, an ultrasonic transducer is also arranged at the bottom of the open channel, and the ultrasonic transducer is arranged in parallel with the ultrasonic transducer arranged on the automatic lifting device.
进一步地，所述设置于自动升降装置和明渠底部的超声换能器不少于两个。Further, there are no less than two ultrasonic transducers arranged at the bottom of the automatic lifting device and the open channel.
进一步地，还包括通信装置和远程控制装置，所述通信装置连接微控制器和远程控制装置。Further, a communication device and a remote control device are also included, and the communication device is connected with the microcontroller and the remote control device.
本发明公开的基于动态网格的流量测量方法，包括以下步骤：A设置超声换能器：在待测明渠两侧分别设置超声换能器组；在明渠中设置自动升降装置，自动升降装置上设置超声换能器；设置水位检测装置；B调整自动升降装置位置：通过水位监测装置监测水位，通过微控制器控制自动升降装置，使自动升降装置上的超声换能器没入水中；C设置动态网格：根据没入水中的超声换能器，通过微控制器动态调用流量场网格；D流量场重建：通过微控制器运算生成流量场；E信号传递：通过通信装置将信号传送至远程控制装置。The dynamic grid-based flow measurement method disclosed in the present invention includes the following steps: A: Setting ultrasonic transducers: setting ultrasonic transducer groups on both sides of the open channel to be measured; setting an automatic lifting device in the open channel; Set the ultrasonic transducer; set the water level detection device; B adjust the position of the automatic lifting device: monitor the water level through the water level monitoring device, and control the automatic lifting device through the microcontroller, so that the ultrasonic transducer on the automatic lifting device is submerged in the water; C set the dynamic Grid: According to the ultrasonic transducer submerged in the water, the flow field grid is dynamically called by the microcontroller; D flow field reconstruction: The flow field is generated by the microcontroller operation; E signal transmission: The signal is transmitted to the remote control through the communication device device.
进一步地，所述步骤A还包括在明渠底部，平行于自动升降装置方向设置超声换能器。Further, the step A further includes arranging the ultrasonic transducer at the bottom of the open channel parallel to the direction of the automatic lifting device.
进一步地，所述步骤D具体的是判断流量场变化率，并调用超声换能器对变化率变化明显的区域，动态改变网格大小和数量与超声换能器线路调用，通过算法实现流量场的重建。Further, the step D specifically judges the rate of change of the flow field, and calls the ultrasonic transducer to the area where the rate of change changes significantly, dynamically changes the size and number of the grid and the line call of the ultrasonic transducer, and realizes the flow field through an algorithm. reconstruction.
进一步地，还包括步骤F实时监测：重复步骤C、D和E，将实时流量场通过通信装置传送至远程控制装置；所述步骤F设置于步骤E后。Further, it also includes step F of real-time monitoring: repeating steps C, D and E, and transmitting the real-time flow field to the remote control device through the communication device; the step F is set after the step E.
如图2本发明的声波传输路径图所示，将待测的区域划分为多个小网格，6x6的网格，即动态网格。如图3动态变化后声波传输路径与网格划分图所示，当水位发生变化时，超声波的路径与重建区域的网格数也动态的变化，该布置方式可以实现多网格的流速进行测量，可准确测量实时流量。As shown in the acoustic wave transmission path diagram of the present invention in FIG. 2 , the area to be measured is divided into a plurality of small grids, 6×6 grids, that is, dynamic grids. As shown in Figure 3, the acoustic wave transmission path and grid division diagram after dynamic change, when the water level changes, the ultrasonic path and the number of grids in the reconstruction area also change dynamically. This arrangement can realize multi-grid flow velocity measurement. , which can accurately measure real-time traffic.
在使用过程中，当水位没过1和6号超声换能器时，所有超声波均投入工作，重建全部区域；当水位在1与2换能器中间时，1与6停止使用，重建区域变2、5、10、7组成的区域；水位依次下降重建区域与网格数量也依次缩小；同理，淤泥变高5与10停止使用，重建区域也相应的缩小为1、4、9、6组成的区域。通过水位检测装置，实时调整重建平面与超声波路径达到精准还原二维流速场。During use, when the water level is lower than the ultrasonic transducers No. 1 and 6, all ultrasonic waves are put into operation to reconstruct the entire area; when the water level is between the transducers 1 and 2, the use of 1 and 6 is stopped, and the reconstruction area changes. Areas 2, 5, 10, and 7; the water level drops in turn, and the number of reconstruction areas and grids also shrinks in turn; in the same way, when the silt becomes high, 5 and 10 stop using, and the reconstruction area is correspondingly reduced to 1, 4, 9, and 6. composed area. Through the water level detection device, the reconstruction plane and ultrasonic path are adjusted in real time to accurately restore the two-dimensional flow field.
超声二维测流量的原理如下：The principle of ultrasonic two-dimensional flow measurement is as follows:
设声波发射点A到接收点B距离为L(单位为m)，则在静止水中声波飞渡时间Δt(单位为s)为Assuming that the distance between the sound wave transmitting point A and the receiving point B is L (unit is m), the sound wave flying time Δt (unit is s) in still water is
cAB为声波在路径AB上的平均声速(单位m/s)。如果有传播方向的流速分量vAB存在，则有c AB is the average sound speed (unit m/s) of the sound wave on the path AB. If there is a flow velocity component v AB in the propagation direction, then
其中vAB为沿路径AB的流体速度分量，单位为m/s。where vAB is the fluid velocity component along path AB in m/s.
声波发射/接收点调换时，从B点到A点的飞渡时间(单位为s)为When the sound wave transmitting/receiving point is exchanged, the flight time (unit is s) from point B to point A is:
其中vAB为沿路径AB的流体速度分量，单位为m/s。where vAB is the fluid velocity component along path AB in m/s.
如果将两飞渡时间相减：If the two flight times are subtracted:
由于测量对象比c小3个数量级以上，故分母中可以省略。Since the measurement object is more than 3 orders of magnitude smaller than c, in the denominator Can be omitted.
设声波飞度路径与水流方向的夹角为θ，则有w＝v/cosθ，其中w为水流的速度Let the angle between the sound wave fit path and the water flow direction be θ, then there is w=v/cosθ, where w is the speed of the water flow
用Lki表示第k条路径通过第i个网格的长度，wi表示第个立体网格内声波的平均速度，则声波沿着第k条路径的飞度时间差Let L ki represent the length of the k-th path passing through the i-th grid, and w i represent the average speed of the sound wave in the ith three-dimensional grid, then the sound wave’s fit time difference along the k-th path
最小二乘法是令方程式的平方和为最小The least squares method is to minimize the sum of squares of the equations
AT·A·W＝AT·tA T ·A·W=A T ·t
其中W＝(w1,...,wn)T，t＝(Δt1,...,Δtm)T， where W=(w 1 ,...,w n ) T , t=(Δt 1 ,...,Δt m ) T ,
其中， in,
其中θki为第i个网格内第k条路径与水流方向的夹角，c为声波速度。where θ ki is the angle between the k-th path in the i-th grid and the water flow direction, and c is the speed of the sound wave.
wn为第i个流速，dl为声波传输路径的微分。 w n is the ith flow velocity, and dl is the differential of the acoustic wave transmission path.
W＝(AT·A)-1·AT·tW＝(A T ·A) -1 ·A T ·t
通过测水位装置得出水位高低，实时调整重建二维流速场的大小，实时重建二维流速场数据，最终流量为The water level is obtained through the water level measuring device, the size of the reconstructed two-dimensional flow velocity field is adjusted in real time, and the two-dimensional flow velocity field data is reconstructed in real time. The final flow rate is
其中，wi表示第i个网格内平均流速，Si表示第i个网格的面积,n表示划分的网格数。Among them, wi represents the average flow velocity in the ith grid, Si represents the area of the ith grid, and n represents the number of divided grids.
本发明公开的一种基于动态网格的流量测量装置及其方法基于动态网格的流量测量方法将待测区域划分网格，动态调整网格的大小与数量，通过重建算法，重建每一个网格内的流速的平均流速，提高流速计算的精准度；通过对变化率明显的区域或网格的多超声换能器线路调用和计算，进一步提高流速精准度的提高。The invention discloses a dynamic grid-based flow measurement device and method thereof. The dynamic grid-based flow measurement method divides the area to be measured into grids, dynamically adjusts the size and number of grids, and reconstructs each grid through a reconstruction algorithm. The average flow velocity of the flow velocity in the grid improves the accuracy of the flow velocity calculation; by calling and calculating the multi-ultrasonic transducer lines in the area or grid with a significant change rate, the accuracy of the flow velocity is further improved.
当然，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员应该可以根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。Of course, without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art should be able to make various corresponding changes and deformations according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and deformations should all belong to the appendix of the present invention. the scope of protection of the claims.
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