CN111881599A - Flow measurement device and method based on finite element method - Google Patents
Flow measurement device and method based on finite element method Download PDFInfo
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- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
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Abstract
The invention provides a flow measuring device and a flow measuring method based on a finite element method, which comprise two grating plates, a rotating shaft, a pressure sensor, a connecting structure, a flow velocity measurer and a control unit, wherein the rotating shaft is arranged on the two grating plates; one side of each of the two grating plates is opposite, the connecting structure connects the two grating plates, the other side of each grating plate is connected with a rotating shaft, the rotating shafts are used for being arranged on two sides of the open channel and are vertical to the bottom of the open channel, and the rotating shafts drive the grating plates to rotate; the grid plate is provided with a plurality of grids, and the pressure sensors are uniformly embedded around each grid of the grid plate and face the incoming flow direction; a plurality of flow rate measurers are arranged on the inflow side of the grating plate; the control unit is respectively connected with the rotating shaft, the connecting structure, the pressure sensor and the flow rate measurer. The invention divides the solid grid into virtual grids by the control unit by using a finite element method, and obtains the flow of the whole flow section by calculating the flow of each virtual grid, thereby further adapting to the complex flow state and improving the flow measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of flow measurement, and particularly relates to a flow measurement device and method based on a finite element method.
Background
The open channel flow measuring device is mainly applied to flow measurement of natural river channels, hydraulic engineering, urban water supply diversion channels, industrial diversion channels, drainage channels and the like.
The existing open channel flow measurement methods comprise measurement technologies such as a radar wave flowmeter, an ultrasonic flowmeter, an acoustic Doppler open channel measuring instrument and the like, and most of the methods are methods for measuring point flow velocity to calculate flow. Because the flow in the open channel is large, the flow state is complex, the flow state at different positions in the same cross section is different, various impurities in the open channel have important influence on the flow state, and the point speed measurement method has larger error, a large-flow measurement device and a large-flow measurement method which are suitable for complex flow occasions, low in cost and convenient to install and maintain need to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a flow measurement device and a flow measurement method based on a finite element method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a flow measuring device based on a finite element method comprises two grating plates, a rotating shaft, a pressure sensor, a connecting structure, a flow velocity measurer and a control unit;
one side of each of the two grating plates is opposite, the connecting structure connects the two grating plates, the other side of each grating plate is connected with a rotating shaft, the rotating shafts are arranged on two sides of the open channel and are vertical to the bottom of the open channel, and the rotating shafts drive the grating plates to rotate;
the grid plate is provided with a plurality of grids, the pressure sensors are uniformly embedded around each grid of the grid plate and face the incoming flow direction, and the pressure sensors are used for detecting pressure signals received by each grid in the incoming flow direction;
a plurality of flow rate measuring devices are arranged on the inflow side of the grating plate and are used for measuring flow rate signals of the water surface;
the control unit is respectively connected with the rotating shaft, the connecting structure, the pressure sensor and the flow rate measurer; and the control unit calculates the flow by using a finite element method according to signals measured by the pressure sensor and the flow velocity measurer.
In the above scheme, the pressure sensor is a strip resistance strain gauge pressure sensor.
In the above aspect, the flow rate measuring device is an electric wave flow rate measuring device.
In the scheme, a cutting blade is arranged on one side of the grid plate connected with the rotating shaft;
the cutting blade is connected with a transmission device, the transmission device is arranged on the grid plate, and the transmission device drives the cutting blade to move along the grid plate in a direction parallel to the rotating shaft and perpendicular to the incoming flow direction.
Furthermore, cutting blades are arranged on the front face and the rear face of one side, connected with the rotating shaft, of the grid plate.
In the above scheme, the connecting structure is an electric bolt; the electric bolt is arranged on the grating plate on one side and can be inserted into a corresponding hole in the grating plate on the other side.
In the above scheme, the top and the bottom of the grid plate are respectively provided with a connecting structure.
In the above scheme, the grid of the grid plate is a square grid.
A measuring method according to the flow rate measurement device, comprising the steps of:
connecting the two grating plates on two sides of the open channel;
the pressure sensors on the grid plates detect pressure signals received by each grid on the grid plates in the incoming flow direction and transmit the pressure signals to the control unit, and the control unit converts the pressure signals into flow speed signals;
the flow rate measurer measures the flow rate of the water surface in the incoming flow direction and transmits the flow rate to the control unit;
the control unit discretizes the flow velocity field of the flow section at the grid plate by using a finite element method, divides the grid of the grid plate into virtual grids, a node is arranged in the center of each virtual grid, calculates the flow velocity value of the node in each virtual grid by using a Gauss-Seidel iteration method, and uses the flow velocity value as the average flow velocity in the virtual grid where the node is located, so as to calculate the flow of each virtual grid, wherein the sum of the flows of all the virtual grids is the total flow.
In the above scheme, the control unit controls the rotating shaft to drive the grating plates to rotate, and when the two grating plates are opposite, the control connection structure connects the two grating plates.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the grid plate is arranged in the open channel, the flow section is divided into a plurality of 'solid grids', the 'solid grids' are divided into 'virtual grids' by the control unit by using a finite element method, the flow of each 'virtual grid' is calculated to further obtain the flow of the whole flow section, the grid plate can adapt to a complex flow state, and the flow measurement precision is further improved. The anti-blocking cutting blade is also arranged, so that the blocking condition caused by large-volume solid impurities, fibrous impurities and the like can be treated, the structure is simpler, the manufacturing cost is lower, and the installation and the maintenance are more convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the meshing and calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the mesh division and calculation at the water surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1. a pressure sensor; 2. a grid plate; 3. a rotating shaft; 4. a cutting blade; 5. a transmission device; 6. a connecting structure; 7. and a flow rate measurer.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Fig. 1 and 2 show a preferred embodiment of the flow measuring device based on the finite element method, which includes two grating plates 2, a rotating shaft 3, a pressure sensor 1, a connecting structure 6, a flow rate measurer 7, and a control unit.
Two one side position of grid plate 2 is relative, connection structure 6 connects two grid plate 2, the opposite side and the rotation axis 3 of grid plate 2 are connected, rotation axis 3 is used for establishing in the open channel both sides, and perpendicular with the open channel bottom, rotation axis 3 drives grid plate 2 rotatory, and when there is bulky solid impurity in the incoming flow or have the danger of arranging needs, the rotation axis 3 that is equipped with the motor starts and opens two grid plate 2.
The grid plate 2 is provided with a plurality of grids, and in this embodiment, the grids of the grid plate 2 are square grids.
In this embodiment, the pressure sensor 1 is a strip-type resistance strain gauge pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor 1 is uniformly embedded around each square grid of the grid plate 2 and faces the incoming flow direction, and is configured to detect a pressure signal received by each square grid in the incoming flow direction, so as to obtain a "solid grid" pressure boundary condition.
A plurality of flow velocity measuring devices 7 are arranged on the inflow side of the grating plate 2, and the flow velocity measuring devices 7 are used for measuring the flow velocity of the water surface and obtaining the velocity boundary condition of the grid on the water surface. In this embodiment, the flow rate measuring device 7 is an electric wave flow rate measuring device.
The control unit is respectively connected with the rotating shaft 3, the connecting structure 6, the pressure sensor 1 and the flow rate measurer 7; the control unit calculates the flow rate by a finite element method based on the signals measured by the pressure sensor 1 and the flow rate measurer 7.
Preferably, according to the present embodiment, the cutting blades 4 are four in number, the front side and the back side of the other side of the grid plate 2 are provided with the cutting blades 4, one end of each cutting blade 4 is connected with a transmission device 5, the transmission device 5 is installed on the grid plate 2, and the transmission device 5 drives the cutting blades 4 to move along the grid plate 2 in parallel with the rotating shaft 3 and in perpendicular to the incoming flow direction. When fibrous impurities exist in the incoming flow and are wound on the grid plate 2, the transmission device 5 is started to enable the cutting blade 4 to move along the grid plate 2, so that the fibrous impurities are removed, the flow state is improved, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
According to the present embodiment, the connecting structure 6 is preferably an electric plug, the electric plug is mounted on the grid plate 2 on one side, and the electric plug can be inserted into a corresponding hole on the grid plate 2 on the other side. Preferably, the electric plug comprises a rotary motor, a rotary shaft, a gear and a pin; the rotating motor is connected with one end of the rotating shaft, the other end of the rotating shaft is connected with the gear, and one end of the pin is provided with teeth meshed with the gear; the connecting structure 6 is arranged on the grating plate 2 on one side, the rotating motor can drive the pin to move forwards by rotating so that the pin is inserted into the corresponding hole in the grating plate 2 on the other side, and the rotating motor can drive the pin to move backwards so that the pin leaves the corresponding hole in the grating plate 2 on the other side. The connecting structures 6 are mounted at the top and bottom of the grid plate 2.
A measuring method according to the flow rate measurement device, comprising the steps of:
the control unit controls the rotating shaft 3 to drive the grating plates 2 to rotate, and when the two grating plates 2 are opposite, the control connecting structure 6 connects the two grating plates 2.
The pressure sensor 1 on the grid plate 2 detects pressure signals received by each square grid on the grid plate 2 in the incoming flow direction, the pressure boundary condition of the 'solid grid' is obtained by acquiring the pressure sensing signals and is transmitted to the control unit, and the control unit converts the pressure signals into flow velocity signals to obtain the speed boundary condition of the 'solid grid';
the flow velocity measurer 7 measures the flow velocity of the water surface in the incoming flow direction, obtains the velocity boundary condition of the grid at the water surface, and transmits the velocity boundary condition to the control unit;
the control unit discretizes the flow velocity field of the flow section at the grid plate 2 by using a finite element method, divides the grid of the grid plate 2 into virtual grids, wherein the center of each virtual grid is provided with a node, calculates the flow velocity value at the node in each virtual grid by using a Gauss-Seidel iteration method, and further calculates the flow of each virtual grid by taking the flow velocity value as the average flow velocity in the virtual grid where the node is located, wherein the sum of the flows of all the virtual grids is the total flow.
The size of the square grid of the grating plate 2 should meet the requirements of flow measurement precision and water area using conditions, and the side length of the square grid can be generally 10-15 cm. For an artificial open channel, the height of the grating plate 2 is at least 5% higher than the designed water level of the open channel facility; for natural open channels, the height of the grid plates 2 should be at least 5% higher than the average value of the highest water level in the annual flood period.
Preferably, in order to ensure the accuracy of the flow velocity measurement at the water surface, the electric wave flow velocity measuring devices 7 are arranged with a certain density, and it is ensured that the top of each grid at the water surface is not less than 2, or the spacing distance between the electric wave flow velocity measuring devices 7 is not more than 5 cm.
Preferably, the size of the square grid of the grid plate 2 should meet the requirements of flow measurement accuracy and the conditions of the water area of the open channel, and the small-size square grid can improve the measurement accuracy but can affect the flow state in the open channel. The sides of the square grid are typically 10 to 15 cm.
As shown in a schematic diagram of grid division and calculation of fig. 3, a flow channel is divided into a plurality of "solid grids" by a square grid of a grid plate 2, after a boundary pressure condition is obtained by a pressure sensor 1, the boundary pressure condition is converted into a speed boundary condition by a control unit such as a computer, the "solid grids" are divided by a finite element method to obtain nodes 1, 2, 3 and 4, each node is respectively positioned at the center of the "virtual grid", and the "virtual grid" is shown as a shadow in fig. 3. According to the flow condition and the computing power, the number of the division nodes and the size of the virtual grid can be adjusted, if the flow in the open channel is complex and rapid, the number of the division nodes can be properly increased, and the size of the virtual grid is reduced. In order to ensure the measurement precision, the side length of the virtual grid is not more than 1 centimeter.
As shown in the schematic diagram of the meshing and calculation at the water surface of fig. 4, when the mesh is at the water surface, a part of the pressure sensor 1 is higher than the water surface, and the velocity distribution at the water surface is measured by the electric wave velocity measuring devices arranged on the top of the grid plate 2, and as shown in the flow velocities at H and G in fig. 4, the boundary flow velocity between the two electric wave velocity measuring devices is approximately regarded as a linear distribution.
The method for converting the pressure and the flow velocity on the boundary of the entity grid comprises the following steps:
on the stripThe area of the strain gauge pressure sensor is A in infinitesimal unit by taking a speed measuring point as the center, the infinitesimal stress measured by the pressure sensor 1 is F, and the total pressure of the speed measuring point is F
And due to PGeneral assembly＝PQuiet+PMovable part；
PQuietIs the static pressure of the fluid at the pressure sensor 1, PQuietρ gh, where ρ is the fluid density, g is the local gravitational acceleration, and h is the water depth at the pressure sensor 1;
Pmovable partIs the dynamic pressure of the fluid at the pressure sensor 1,
where v is the flow rate of the fluid at the pressure sensor 1;
thus, it is possible to obtain
The flow calculation method based on the finite element method comprises the following steps:
converting the pressure value into a velocity value according to the signal of the pressure sensor 1, the velocity indicated as v at the point A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H in fig. 3 can be obtainedA、vB、vC、vD、vE、vF、vG、vH。
The 'solid grid' divided by the grid plate 2 is divided into a plurality of sections according to the graph 3, and the speed of the nodes 1, 2, 3 and 4 is taken as an example and is recorded as v1、v2、v3、v4. Applying Gauss-Seidel iteration method, assuming a set of iteration initial values, denoted as v1 (0)、v2 (0)、v3 (0)、v4 (0)The upper superscript indicates the number of iterations:
constructing an explicit equation set:
substituting the obtained first iteration result as an initial field into the next iteration until the difference between the two adjacent iteration values is less than an allowable value, and terminating the calculation, namely
Wherein v isiFor the speed of the ith grid, the upper corner mark k represents the kth iteration. The allowable relative deviation is usually 10-3The smaller the value is obtained, the more accurate the calculation result is, but the calculation time is greatly increased, and the value is generally not less than 10-6。
The calculation of other nodes in the grid is carried out by taking the speed boundary condition of the 'entity grid' and the node speed value obtained by iteration as the initial condition.
To obtain viAfter a reasonable value of (c), v can be calculatediThe traffic of the "virtual grid" is shown as the shaded part in fig. 3, and the final traffic is:
wherein v isiRepresents the average flow velocity in the ith grid, SiDenotes the area of the ith mesh, and n denotes the number of "virtual meshes".
The flow cross section is divided into a plurality of solid grids and virtual grids, the flow of the whole flow cross section is obtained by calculating the flow of the virtual grids, and the anti-blocking cutting blade 4 is further arranged, so that the measuring method can adapt to a complex flow state, and the flow measurement precision is further improved.
It should be understood that although the present description has been described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein may be combined as suitable to form other embodiments, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A flow measuring device based on a finite element method is characterized by comprising two grating plates (2), a rotating shaft (3), a pressure sensor (1), a connecting structure (6), a flow velocity measurer (7) and a control unit;
one side of each of the two grating plates (2) is opposite, the connecting structure (6) connects the two grating plates (2), the other side of each grating plate (2) is connected with the rotating shaft (3), the rotating shafts (3) are used for being arranged on two sides of the open channel and are vertical to the bottom of the open channel, and the rotating shafts (3) drive the grating plates (2) to rotate;
the grating plate (2) is provided with a plurality of grids, and the pressure sensors (1) are uniformly embedded around each grid of the grating plate (2) and face the incoming flow direction and are used for detecting pressure signals received by each grid in the incoming flow direction;
a plurality of flow rate measuring devices (7) are arranged on the inflow side of the grating plate (2), and the flow rate measuring devices (7) are used for measuring flow rate signals of the water surface;
the control unit is respectively connected with the rotating shaft (3), the connecting structure (6), the pressure sensor (1) and the flow rate measurer (7); the control unit calculates the flow rate by using a finite element method according to signals measured by the pressure sensor (1) and the flow velocity measurer (7).
2. Flow measuring device based on the finite element method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure sensor (1) is a strip-shaped resistive strain gauge pressure sensor.
3. The flow rate measurement device according to the finite element method of claim 1, wherein the flow rate measuring instrument (7) is an electric wave flow rate measuring instrument.
4. Flow measuring device based on the finite element method according to claim 1, characterized in that the side of the grating plate (2) connected to the rotation axis (3) is provided with cutting blades (4);
the cutting blade (4) is connected with a transmission device (5), the transmission device (5) is installed on the grid plate (2), and the transmission device (5) drives the cutting blade (4) to move along the grid plate (2) in a direction parallel to the rotating shaft (3) and perpendicular to the incoming flow direction.
5. Flow measuring device based on the finite element method according to claim 4, characterized in that the grating plates (2) are provided with cutting blades (4) on both the front and back sides of the side where they are connected to the rotating shaft (3).
6. Flow measuring device according to the finite element method, characterized in that the connection structure (6) is an electric plug which is mounted on the grid plate (2) on one side and which can be inserted into a corresponding hole in the grid plate (2) on the other side.
7. Flow measuring device based on the finite element method according to claim 1, characterized in that the top and bottom of the grating plate (2) are respectively fitted with a connection structure (6).
8. Flow measuring device based on the finite element method according to claim 1, characterized in that the grid of the grating plates (2) is a square grid.
9. A measuring method of a flow rate measuring device based on a finite element method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
connecting the two grating plates (2) on two sides of the open channel;
the pressure sensor (1) on the grating plate (2) detects a pressure signal received by each grid on the grating plate (2) in the incoming flow direction and transmits the pressure signal to the control unit, and the control unit converts the pressure signal into a flow velocity signal;
the flow speed measurer (7) measures the flow speed of the water surface in the incoming flow direction and transmits the flow speed to the control unit;
the control unit discretizes the flow velocity field of the flow section at the grid plate (2) by using a finite element method, divides the grid of the grid plate (2) into virtual grids, the center of each virtual grid is provided with a node, calculates the flow velocity value of the node in each virtual grid by using a Gauss-Seidel iteration method, and calculates the flow rate of each virtual grid by taking the flow velocity value as the average flow velocity in the virtual grid where the node is positioned, wherein the sum of the flow rates of all the virtual grids is the total flow rate.
10. The measuring method of a flow rate measuring device based on a finite element method according to claim 9, wherein the control unit controls the rotating shaft (3) to rotate the grating plates (2), and controls the connecting structure (6) to connect the grating plates (2) when the grating plates (2) are opposite.
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