CN110057413B - Flow measuring device and method based on dynamic grid - Google Patents
Flow measuring device and method based on dynamic grid Download PDFInfo
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- CN110057413B CN110057413B CN201910107685.2A CN201910107685A CN110057413B CN 110057413 B CN110057413 B CN 110057413B CN 201910107685 A CN201910107685 A CN 201910107685A CN 110057413 B CN110057413 B CN 110057413B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of medium and small open channel flow measurement, in particular to a flow measurement device and method based on a dynamic grid, which solves the problem of large measurement error of a point-free flow velocity method in the prior art. The invention comprises ultrasonic transducer groups respectively arranged at two sides of an open channel to be tested, a microcontroller, a water level monitoring device and an automatic lifting device; the automatic lifting device is provided with an ultrasonic transducer; the ultrasonic transducer group, the water level monitoring device and the automatic lifting device are respectively connected with the microcontroller. The invention discloses a flow measurement device and a flow measurement method based on dynamic grids, wherein the flow measurement method based on the dynamic grids divides the region to be measured into grids, dynamically adjusts the size and the number of the grids, reconstructs the average flow velocity of the flow velocity in each grid through a reconstruction algorithm, and improves the accuracy of flow velocity calculation; the flow speed accuracy is further improved by calling and calculating the multi-ultrasonic transducer lines of the area or the grid with obvious change rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of medium and small open channel flow measurement, in particular to a flow measurement device and method based on a dynamic grid.
Background
The open channel flow measurement system is suitable for flow measurement of rectangular and trapezoidal open channels and culverts of reservoirs, rivers, hydraulic engineering, urban water supply, sewage treatment, farmland irrigation, water administration water resources and the like.
The existing open channel flow measurement method has the advantages that the equal water technologies of a radar wave flowmeter, an ultrasonic open channel flowmeter and a sound wave Doppler open channel flowmeter are mainly point flow velocity methods, one point or a plurality of points are used for representing the flow velocity of a layer, and the approximate flow velocity of water flow is calculated according to the speed of each layer, so that the accuracy is very low, and the development of the open channel flowmeter with low cost, high accuracy, convenient operation and simple structure has important practical significance for reasonably utilizing water resources and treating sewage.
The flow state of the open channel is complex, and has rapid flow, slow flow, turbulent flow and the like, and the flow states of the open channel are different at different positions of the same layer, so that the conventional method mostly adopts a point flow velocity method or a layer average flow velocity method, namely, the average flow velocity of the whole layer is represented by using the flow velocity of a limited measuring point, and the method is very inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a flow measuring device and method based on a dynamic grid, which solve the problem of large measuring error of a point-free flow velocity method in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the flow measuring device based on the dynamic grid comprises ultrasonic transducer groups, a microcontroller, a water level monitoring device and an automatic lifting device, wherein the ultrasonic transducer groups are respectively arranged on two sides of an open channel to be measured, and the ultrasonic transducer groups are uniformly distributed in the depth direction of the open channel; the automatic lifting device is provided with an ultrasonic transducer; the automatic lifting device is arranged in the vertical direction of the ultrasonic transducer groups at two sides of the open channel and is parallel to the water surface of the open channel; the ultrasonic transducer group, the water level monitoring device and the automatic lifting device are respectively connected with the microcontroller.
Further, an ultrasonic transducer is further arranged at the bottom of the open channel, and the ultrasonic transducer is arranged in parallel with the ultrasonic transducer arranged on the automatic lifting device.
Further, the number of the ultrasonic transducers arranged at the bottom of the automatic lifting device and the open channel is not less than two.
Further, the device also comprises a communication device and a remote control device, wherein the communication device is connected with the microcontroller and the remote control device.
The invention discloses a flow measurement method based on a dynamic grid, which comprises the following steps: A. an ultrasonic transducer is arranged: respectively arranging ultrasonic transducer groups on two sides of an open channel to be measured; an automatic lifting device is arranged in the open channel, and an ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the automatic lifting device; setting a water level monitoring device; B. adjusting the position of the automatic lifting device: monitoring the water level by a water level monitoring device, and controlling an automatic lifting device by a microcontroller to enable an ultrasonic transducer on the automatic lifting device to be submerged in water; C. setting a dynamic grid: dynamically calling a flow field grid through a microcontroller according to the submerged ultrasonic transducer; D. and (3) reconstructing a flow field: generating a flow field through the operation of a microcontroller; E. signal transmission: the signal is transmitted to the remote control device through the communication device.
Further, the step A further comprises arranging an ultrasonic transducer at the bottom of the open channel in parallel to the direction of the automatic lifting device.
Further, the step D is specifically to judge the change rate of the flow field, call the region with obvious change rate of the ultrasonic transducer, dynamically change the size and the number of grids and call the ultrasonic transducer lines, and realize the reconstruction of the flow field through an algorithm.
Further, the method also comprises the step of F real-time monitoring: repeating steps C, D and E, and transmitting the real-time flow field to a remote control device through a communication device; the step F is arranged after the step E.
The invention discloses a flow measurement device and a flow measurement method based on dynamic grids, wherein the flow measurement method based on the dynamic grids divides the region to be measured into grids, dynamically adjusts the size and the number of the grids, reconstructs the average flow velocity of the flow velocity in each grid through a reconstruction algorithm, and improves the accuracy of flow velocity calculation; the flow speed accuracy is further improved by calling and calculating the multi-ultrasonic transducer lines of the area or the grid with obvious change rate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1: an ultrasonic transducer layout;
fig. 2: a sound wave transmission path and a grid division diagram;
fig. 3: and dividing the graph of the sound wave transmission path and the grid after dynamic change.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in an ultrasonic transducer layout chart of fig. 1, the flow measuring device based on the dynamic grid disclosed by the invention comprises ultrasonic transducer groups, a microcontroller, a water level monitoring device and an automatic lifting device, wherein the ultrasonic transducer groups are respectively arranged on two sides of an open channel to be measured, and the ultrasonic transducer groups are uniformly distributed in the depth direction of the open channel; the automatic lifting device is provided with an ultrasonic transducer; the automatic lifting device is arranged in the vertical direction of the ultrasonic transducer groups at two sides of the open channel and is parallel to the water surface of the open channel; the ultrasonic transducer group, the water level monitoring device and the automatic lifting device are respectively connected with the microcontroller. Wherein, black dots represent ultrasonic transducers, the ultrasonic transducers 11,12 and 13 are placed on an automatic lifting device, the positions of the ultrasonic transducers 11,12 and 13 are changed, the size and the number of reconstruction areas and grids are dynamically changed, the water level is measured to determine which transducers are used, and an optimal path is used in a self-adaptive manner, so that the aim of quick reconstruction is fulfilled.
Further, an ultrasonic transducer is further arranged at the bottom of the open channel, and the ultrasonic transducer is arranged in parallel with the ultrasonic transducer arranged on the automatic lifting device.
Further, the number of the ultrasonic transducers arranged at the bottom of the automatic lifting device and the open channel is not less than two.
Further, the device also comprises a communication device and a remote control device, wherein the communication device is connected with the microcontroller and the remote control device.
The invention discloses a flow measurement method based on a dynamic grid, which comprises the following steps: A. an ultrasonic transducer is arranged: respectively arranging ultrasonic transducer groups on two sides of an open channel to be measured; an automatic lifting device is arranged in the open channel, and an ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the automatic lifting device; setting a water level monitoring device; B. adjusting the position of the automatic lifting device: monitoring the water level by a water level monitoring device, and controlling an automatic lifting device by a microcontroller to enable an ultrasonic transducer on the automatic lifting device to be submerged in water; C. setting a dynamic grid: dynamically calling a flow field grid through a microcontroller according to the submerged ultrasonic transducer; D. and (3) reconstructing a flow field: generating a flow field through the operation of a microcontroller; E. signal transmission: the signal is transmitted to the remote control device through the communication device.
Further, the step A further comprises arranging an ultrasonic transducer at the bottom of the open channel in parallel to the direction of the automatic lifting device.
Further, the step D is specifically to judge the change rate of the flow field, call the region with obvious change rate of the ultrasonic transducer, dynamically change the size and the number of grids and call the ultrasonic transducer lines, and realize the reconstruction of the flow field through an algorithm.
Further, the method also comprises the step of F real-time monitoring: repeating steps C, D and E, and transmitting the real-time flow field to a remote control device through a communication device; the step F is arranged after the step E.
As shown in the acoustic transmission path diagram of the present invention of fig. 2, the region to be measured is divided into a plurality of small grids, 6x6 grids, i.e., dynamic grids. As shown in the sound wave transmission path and the grid division diagram after the dynamic change of fig. 3, when the water level changes, the path of the ultrasonic wave and the grid number of the reconstruction area also dynamically change, and the arrangement mode can realize the measurement of the flow velocity of multiple grids and can accurately measure the real-time flow.
In the use process, when the water level is over the ultrasonic transducers 1 and 6, all ultrasonic waves are put into operation, and all areas are rebuilt; when the water level is in the middle of the 1 and 2 transducers, the 1 and 6 are stopped, and the reconstruction area is changed into an area consisting of 2, 5, 10 and 7; the number of reconstruction areas and grids for the water level to drop down in sequence is also reduced in sequence; similarly, the sludge becomes higher 5 and 10 to stop the use, and the reconstruction area is correspondingly reduced to an area consisting of 1, 4, 9 and 6. The reconstruction plane and the ultrasonic path are adjusted in real time through the water level monitoring device to achieve accurate reduction of the two-dimensional flow velocity field.
The principle of ultrasonic two-dimensional flow measurement is as follows:
if the distance from the sound wave transmitting point A to the receiving point B is L (the unit is m), the sound wave flying time delta t (the unit is s) in the static water is
c AB Is the average speed of sound (in m/s) of the sound wave on the path AB. If there is a flow velocity component v of the propagation direction AB Exist, there is
Wherein v is AB The fluid velocity component along path AB is in m/s.
When the sound wave transmitting/receiving points are changed, the flying time (unit is s) from the point B to the point A is
Wherein v is AB The fluid velocity component along path AB is in m/s.
If two transition times are subtracted:
since the measured object is smaller than c by 3 orders of magnitude or more, in the denominator
May be omitted.
Let the included angle between the sonic flight path and the water flow direction be θ, then there is w=v/cos θ, where w is the water flow velocity
By L ki Represents the length, w, of the kth path through the ith trellis i Representing the average velocity of the sound wave in the first three-dimensional grid, the time difference of flight of the sound wave along the kth path
The least square method is to make the sum of squares of the equations minimum
A T ·A·W＝A T ·t
Wherein the method comprises the steps of
Wherein,,
wherein θ is ki And c is the sound wave speed, wherein the included angle between the kth path in the ith grid and the water flow direction is the included angle.
W＝(A T ·A) -1 ·A T ·t
The water level is obtained through the water level measuring device, the size of the reconstructed two-dimensional flow velocity field is adjusted in real time, the two-dimensional flow velocity field data is reconstructed in real time, and the final flow is
Wherein w is i Represents the average flow rate in the ith grid, S i The area of the ith grid is represented, and n represents the number of divided grids.
The invention discloses a flow measurement device and a flow measurement method based on dynamic grids, wherein the flow measurement method based on the dynamic grids divides the region to be measured into grids, dynamically adjusts the size and the number of the grids, reconstructs the average flow velocity of the flow velocity in each grid through a reconstruction algorithm, and improves the accuracy of flow velocity calculation; the flow speed accuracy is further improved by calling and calculating the multi-ultrasonic transducer lines of the area or the grid with obvious change rate.
Of course, a person skilled in the art shall make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention without departing from the spirit and the essence of the invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications shall fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. Flow measuring device based on dynamic grid, including the ultrasonic transducer group, ultrasonic transducer group sets up in the open channel both sides that await measuring respectively, and ultrasonic transducer group evenly distributed is in the open channel depth direction, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a microcontroller, a water level monitoring device and an automatic lifting device, wherein the microcontroller is used for controlling and calculating;
the automatic lifting device is provided with an ultrasonic transducer; the automatic lifting device is arranged in the vertical direction of the ultrasonic transducer groups at two sides of the open channel and is parallel to the water surface of the open channel;
the ultrasonic transducer group, the water level monitoring device and the automatic lifting device are respectively connected with the microcontroller; the microcontroller can automatically adjust the automatic lifting device according to the water level monitoring device; calling the ultrasonic transducer group to generate a real-time flow field grid, dynamically calling the ultrasonic transducer group in a region with obvious change rate, and adjusting the size and the number of the grids to form a reconstructed flow field;
the bottom of the open channel is also provided with an ultrasonic transducer which is arranged in parallel with the ultrasonic transducer arranged on the automatic lifting device;
the ultrasonic transducers arranged at the bottoms of the automatic lifting device and the open channel are not less than two.
2. The dynamic mesh-based flow measurement device of claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises a communication device and a remote control device, wherein the communication device is connected with the microcontroller and the remote control device.
3. The flow measurement method based on the dynamic grid is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
A. an ultrasonic transducer is arranged: respectively arranging ultrasonic transducer groups on two sides of an open channel to be measured; an automatic lifting device is arranged in the open channel, and an ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the automatic lifting device;
setting a water level monitoring device;
an ultrasonic transducer is arranged at the bottom of the open channel and parallel to the direction of the automatic lifting device;
B. adjusting the position of the automatic lifting device: monitoring the water level by a water level monitoring device, and controlling an automatic lifting device by a microcontroller to enable an ultrasonic transducer on the automatic lifting device to be submerged in water;
C. setting a dynamic grid: dynamically calling a flow field grid through a microcontroller according to the submerged ultrasonic transducer;
D. and (3) reconstructing a flow field: generating a flow field through the operation of a microcontroller; judging the change rate of the flow field, calling the region with obvious change rate change of the ultrasonic transducer, dynamically changing the size and the number of grids and calling the lines of the ultrasonic transducer, and realizing the reconstruction of the flow field through an algorithm;
E. signal transmission: the signal is transmitted to the remote control device through the communication device.
4. A dynamic mesh-based flow measurement method according to claim 3, characterized in that: and the method further comprises the step F of monitoring in real time: repeating steps C, D and E, and transmitting the real-time flow field to a remote control device through a communication device;
the step F is arranged after the step E.
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| CN111089627B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2024-06-14 | 太原理工大学 | Multi-resolution open channel automatic flow measuring device based on area flow velocity method |
| CN111881599A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-11-03 | 江苏大学 | Flow measurement device and method based on finite element method |
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