CN110049959A - 具有烧蚀线、边缘无凸缘和倾斜的具有导电层的层压玻璃制品 - Google Patents

具有烧蚀线、边缘无凸缘和倾斜的具有导电层的层压玻璃制品 Download PDF

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CN110049959A
CN110049959A CN201780077713.XA CN201780077713A CN110049959A CN 110049959 A CN110049959 A CN 110049959A CN 201780077713 A CN201780077713 A CN 201780077713A CN 110049959 A CN110049959 A CN 110049959A
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equal
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CN110049959B (zh
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V.勒古瓦
V.拉谢
T.通迪
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10183—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer being not continuous, e.g. in edge regions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
    • B32B17/10211—Doped dielectric layer, electrically conductive, e.g. SnO2:F
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/06—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
    • C03C17/23—Oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3668—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having electrical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
    • C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
    • C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
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    • C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
    • C03C23/007—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by thermal treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
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Abstract

本发明涉及：‑层压玻璃制品，包括一层或两层厚度为0.5至12mm的层，以及一层或多层厚度为3至20mm的结构层，其中至少一层厚度为0.5至12mm的层朝向一个或多个结构层和/或结构层的至少一个面，该结构层包括厚度为2至1600nm的导电层，除了在至少一个烧蚀线上，其特征在于该线的边缘没有凸缘，和特征在于其平均斜率最多等于5％；‑制造它的方法；和‑它用作除霜/除雾玻璃制品。

Description

具有烧蚀线、边缘无凸缘和倾斜的具有导电层的层压玻璃 制品
本发明属于加热玻璃制品（防霜或防雾功能）领域，和特别地使用薄透明导电层的航空（飞机和直升机）加热玻璃制品。
加热的航空玻璃是两个或三个（矿物）或有机玻璃层的层压制品。可以通过薄透明导电层通过焦耳加热防止航空玻璃上出现霜冻。对于非矩形形状的区域，加热层沉积有薄层电阻不均匀性（沉积厚度的函数），也称为Rsquare梯度，以限制每单位面积的功率密度的不均匀性（这是唯一可能的均匀加热矩形）。当加热区域的几何形状复杂时，该梯度变得非常难以产生：该解决方案然后在于产生许多流动线（例如通过激光）。这相当于将该层切割成宽度小于40mm的多个导电条带，并且由非常窄的绝缘线（非层）隔开（在40微米至250微米之间）。这些紧密间隔的线允许引导电流，每个条带内部的功率密度差异受到限制，因此整个区域被更好地加热（冷区消失）。
专利申请US2010 / 0159251A1描述了借助于YAG 355nm激光在导电层中分别烧蚀48和16μm宽的流动线。专利申请US2013 / 0082043A1中描述的烧蚀线具有至多等于400且优选地50μm的厚度。
专利申请WO 2007 003849 A2描述了通过热解，磁控管阴极溅射等形成加热层，并且在这些层中烧蚀宽度为100至200μm的流动线和500μm至2的相分离线。通过脉冲Nd-YAG1064nm激光器测量mm宽度（使用三相电流）。
然而，这些烧蚀线的美学外观（在某些观察条带件下的可见性）和纳米尺度的烧蚀边缘的几何形状从未得到解决。
由于待加热区域的尺寸已经增大，所需的流动线数量逐渐增加。另外，随着汇流条带之间的距离增加，沉积层的厚度也需要增加并且线条带变得越来越明显。在某些飞行条带件下，这些线路的存在可能是飞机驾驶员的主要分心方面。
烧蚀边缘的几何形状对线的可见性具有非常显著的影响，特别是在存在亮光源的夜间观察条带件（暗视野）下。
目前的激光烧蚀技术使用纳秒激光脉冲，其频率，功率和波长在一台机器之间是可变的。对于沉积在玻璃上的薄透明导电层，这些层不允许获得“清洁”烧蚀：熔融材料的下垂（附加厚度），其通常具有等于沉积物厚度的高度，保留在两个边缘上。在称为“热影响”区的区域中的线。
在某些观察和照明条带件下，这些凸缘（bourrelet）是可见的，并且它们的高度越大，其可见度越大。
发明人已经注意到，烧蚀边缘的几何形状对流动线的出现机制以及在上述特定条带件下对这些线的视觉检测具有非常显著的影响。
当观察距离小（小于500mm）时并且当该层足够厚时（在没有层的区域和具有层的区域之间显著的颜色变化），这些线在反射中是可见的。在较大距离（> 500 mm）处，它们在反射中变得不可见。
在小距离，透射和亮视野（例如蓝天）中，层越薄，检测流动线就越困难，因为透光率的局部变化很小。随着距离的增加，它们变得越来越难以察觉。
然而，在透射和暗视野中，当层的厚度大于150nm时，有少数情况下光可以使这些线非常清晰地突出：亮点源+入射角大于45°或明亮的漫射光（例如阴天和从深色背景观察线）。
因此，本发明的一个主题是层压玻璃制品，从其旨在朝向外部大气的第一面至其第二面，包括厚度为0.5至12mm的第一层，厚度为3至20mm的第一结构层，任选地一个或多个厚度为3至20mm的其他结构层，以及任选地形成玻璃制品第二面的厚度为0.5至12mm的第二层，至少厚度为0.5至12mm的第一和/或第二层的面，其朝向一个或多个结构层和/或结构层的至少一个面，包括厚度为2至1600nm的导电层，除了在至少一个烧蚀线上，其特征在于该线的边缘没有凸缘，和特征在于其平均斜率最多等于5％。
通过修改边缘的几何形状，通过“构造”它们，发明人已经显示出，可以使流动线明显更难以在视觉上检测。
这种结构允许去除烧蚀边缘上存在的凸缘，但最重要的是要修改这些边缘的斜率。平均斜率是一个重要的参数，可以区分在暗视野上高度可见的线和几乎不可见的线。平均斜率对应于连接玻璃表面（烧蚀底部）和层表面的直线的斜率。其％的值等于100×tanα（边缘相对于基板平面的平均斜率的角度）。对于平均斜率值，最多等于5％，线很难看到。该值越高，线条带越明显。重要的是在流动线的每一侧获得层厚度的非常平缓的变化。
边缘的形状可以是直线形或弯曲的（圆形，椭圆形，抛物线形等）。
用于验证边缘结构对线条带可见度的影响的“简单”测试包括观察暗视野上的烧蚀表面，同时用明亮的环形光源照射它，使光以45°（或更高）的角度照射到该表面。
这里的烧蚀线可以包括1至5mm宽的电绝缘条带，该条带自身环绕以便划定加热区域的周边。
烧蚀边缘的结构允许：
-无论观察条带件如何，烧蚀线都是不可见的（或者在非常厚的层的情况下不太明显）；
-每单位面积的流动线数量增加；
-加热的均匀性增加；和
-除霜/除雾玻璃制品所需的电能减少。
根据本发明的层压玻璃制品的优选特征：
-称为流动线的烧蚀线的宽度在40至250μm之间；术语“宽度”在这里应理解为表示烧蚀的底部；
-层压玻璃制品包括多条带基本平行且等距的流动线，和两条带相邻流动线之间的距离至少等于8毫米，和最多等于40，并且按优先顺序递增25至20毫米；该距离限定导电条带的宽度；
-被称为相分离线的烧蚀线的宽度在0.5至2mm之间；当玻璃的加热层由三相电流供电时，有两条带这样的相分离线；尽管有宽度，但是它们的可视性通过本发明的措施而降低，并且在使用条带件下，例如白天或夜间飞行的情况下，其视线更不容易分散注意力；
-每个烧蚀线基本上正交地切割沿着玻璃制品的两个相对侧放置的两个电流供应条带，并且当这两个相对侧在它们之间形成角度时或者当烧蚀线的两端不相互面对而是相互并列时，具有曲率并且可能具有弯曲；这种几何形状确保整个玻璃制品可能均匀加热，即使其区域具有复杂的几何形状，即几何形状与矩形的几何形状不同；因此避免了冷区，这些区域可能解冻或除雾很差，或者根本没有解冻或除雾；
-烧蚀线边缘的平均斜率最多等于2％；
-一个或多个所述厚度为0.5至12mm的层由化学钢化玻璃制成；
-一个或多个结构层由热半-淬火玻璃或化学钢化玻璃制成，或由聚合物制成，例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，聚碳酸酯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯；
-导电层由锡掺杂的氧化铟（ITO）层，氟掺杂的氧化锡（SnO2：F）层或铝掺杂的氧化锌（AZO）层构成，或由金属层构成，金属如金或银；
-一个或多个厚度为0.5至12mm的层和所述一个或多个结构层通过粘合剂夹层成对地粘合，所述粘合剂夹层各自独立于其他层，由厚度为0.5至20mm，优选1至16mm的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、聚氨酯（PU）或聚（乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯）（EVA）的层构成。
本发明的另一主题是一种制造如上所述的层压玻璃制品的方法，其特征在于至少一层厚度为0.5至12mm的层或至少一个结构层，其一个面包括厚度为2至1600nm的导电层，在后者的一侧，使用持续时间最多等于100ps，优选20ps，特别优选15ps，并且至少等于2ps和优选至少等于5ps的激光脉冲进行脉冲激光烧蚀。
流动线可以通过激光烧蚀产生，具有微微（pico-）秒或毫微微（femto-）秒激光脉冲。重要的是激光从与导电层相同的一侧烧制；具体地说，如果从与该导电层相对的层的同一面烧制，则烧蚀将是容易的并且边缘将是清洁的但具有更高的斜率，例如约30°而不是5°。
可以通过层的化学蚀刻来代替激光烧蚀。
如下面将更详细地看到的，可以在每个步骤中使用多步烧蚀，烧蚀的深度和图案的宽度变化（去除越来越小的宽度的层的部分）。这是增加烧蚀边缘的结构化的有利方式，特别是在厚层（> 800nm）的情况下，和/或减小烧蚀线边缘的角度的有利方式并进一步降低其可见度。
根据本发明方法的优选特征：
-烧蚀是在层相对于激光器的移动速度为10至600，优选为50至350mm/s的条带件下进行的；可以配备扫描仪的激光器或激光头也可以相对于玻璃（或对应物（equivalent））层移动，然后可以保持静止；
-扫描仪与激光器相关联，以便移动激光光斑以产生相对宽的烧蚀线，例如0.5至2mm宽；激光器通过扫描仪定义的图案（圆形，菱形等）在导电层上移动；这种图案本身的运动产生了一条带宽度等于图案宽度的连续线。
本发明的另一主题是使用如上所述的层压玻璃制品作为除霜和/或除雾玻璃制品的用途，所述玻璃制品采用导电透明层，用于空中运输车辆，地面特别地铁路运输车辆，水中运输车辆特别地海中运输车辆，和/或装甲的军用或民用运输车辆。
参考以下示意性实施例，根据以下示例性实施例将更好地理解本发明，其中：
-图1至图4示出了烧蚀线边缘的各种几何形状，并且对于这些图中的前三个，这些边缘的平均斜率；和
-图5和6以及7至9分别说明了本发明方法的第一和第二实施方案。
在九个图中的每一个中，3mm厚的化学钢化玻璃层1配备有300nm厚的掺杂锡的氧化铟（ITO）涂层2。
通过烧蚀线去除涂层2，烧蚀的底部3具有80μm的宽度。
图1至3示出了根据本发明必须至多等于5°的角度α的平均斜率。
这些烧蚀线的边缘没有凸缘或额外的高度厚度，其对应于烧蚀所熔化的材料的厚度。
图1,3和4示出了图3中的单阶梯型和图4中的双阶梯型的斜直线烧蚀边缘。图2显示了弯曲的烧蚀边缘。
这里描述了两个方法。
使用由Trumpf以参考TruMicro 5070销售并具有以下特征的激光器：
波长∶1030 nm
平均功率100 W
频率400 - 600 kHz
脉冲能量低于250μJ
脉冲短于10 ps。
图5和图6中示出了第一方法的两个步骤。
在第一步骤（图5）中，沿200-300μm宽度的线进行部分烧蚀5至150nm的深度。
对于第一步，激光器的参数设置如下：
焦距250毫米
激光50 kHz-能量/脉冲50或60μJ可调节
由扫描仪定义的250μm的圆形图案
扫描速度1250 mm / s
固定激光，层速度100毫米/秒。
在第二步骤（图6）中，完整的第二烧蚀7在一条带线上进行，烧蚀的底部3具有80μm的宽度，如上所述。
对于第二步，激光器的参数设置如下：
焦距250毫米
激光25 kHz-能量/脉冲120μJ
不需要扫描仪
固定激光，层速度150毫米/秒。
第二种替代方法如图7,8和9所示。
这里，层1从一开始就配备有易于通过如上所述的激光烧蚀去除的层8。它也可以是ITO层。
在第一步骤（图7）中，层8的完全烧蚀6在一条带线上进行。
在第二步骤（图8）中，在第一步骤的产品的表面上形成ITO层2。
在第三步骤和最后一步中，进行ITO层2的完全激光烧蚀7，烧蚀的底部3具有80μm宽度。

Claims (16)

1.层压玻璃制品，从其旨在朝向外部大气的第一面至其第二面，包括厚度为0.5至12mm的第一层，厚度为3至20mm的第一结构层，任选地一个或多个厚度为3至20mm的其他结构层，以及任选地形成玻璃制品第二面的厚度为0.5至12mm的第二层，至少厚度为0.5至12mm的第一和/或第二层的面，其朝向一个或多个结构层和/或结构层的至少一个面，包括厚度为2至1600nm的导电层，除了在至少一个烧蚀线上，其特征在于该线的边缘没有凸缘，和特征在于其平均斜率最多等于5％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃制品，其特征在于，一个或多个称为流动线的一个或多个烧蚀线的宽度在40至250μm之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的玻璃制品，其特征在于，其包括多个基本平行且等距的流动线，并且特征在于两条相邻流动线之间的距离至少等于8mm，并且至多等于40mm，并且增加的优选顺序，优选25mm，和更优选20mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃制品，其特征在于，一个或多个称为相分离线的一个或多个烧蚀线的宽度在0.5至2mm之间。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的玻璃制品，其特征在于，每个烧蚀线基本上正交地切割沿着玻璃制品的两个相对侧放置的两个电流供应条带，并且当这两个相对侧在它们之间形成角度，或者当烧蚀线的两端不相互面对而彼此并列时具有曲率并且可能具有弯曲。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的玻璃制品，其特征在于，烧蚀线边缘的平均斜率至多等于2％。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的玻璃制品，其特征在于，一个或多个所述厚度为0.5至12mm的层由化学钢化玻璃制成。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的玻璃制品，其特征在于，所述一个或多个结构层由热半-淬火玻璃或化学钢化玻璃制成，或由聚合物制成，例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，聚碳酸酯或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的玻璃制品，其特征在于，所述导电层由锡掺杂的氧化铟（ITO）层，氟掺杂的氧化锡（SnO2：F）层或铝掺杂的氧化锌（AZO）层构成，或由金属层构成，金属如金或银。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的玻璃制品，其特征在于，所述一个或多个厚度为0.5至12mm的层和所述一个或多个结构层通过粘合剂夹层成对地粘合，所述粘合剂夹层各自独立于其他层，由厚度为0.5至20mm，优选1至16mm的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、聚氨酯（PU）或聚（乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯）（EVA）的层构成。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的制造层压玻璃制品的方法，其特征在于，至少一层厚度为0.5至12mm的层或至少一个结构层，其一个面包括厚度为2至1600nm的导电层，在后者的一侧，使用持续时间最多等于100ps的激光脉冲进行脉冲激光烧蚀。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于脉冲的持续时间至多等于20ps，和优选至多等于15ps。
13.根据权利要求11和12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于脉冲的持续时间至少等于2ps，和优选至少等于5ps。
14.根据权利要求11至13中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述烧蚀以所述层相对于激光的移动速率为10至600mm/s，和优选50至350mm/s下进行。
15.根据权利要求11至14中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，扫描器与激光器相关联，以便移动激光光斑，产生相对宽的烧蚀线，例如0.5至2mm宽。
16.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的层压玻璃制品作为除霜和/或除雾玻璃制品的用途，所述玻璃制品采用导电透明层，用于空中运输车辆，地面特别地铁路运输车辆，水中运输车辆特别地海中运输车辆，和/或装甲的军用或民用运输车辆。
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IL267202A (en) 2019-08-29
KR20190097000A (ko) 2019-08-20
CA3044022A1 (fr) 2018-06-21
US10836142B2 (en) 2020-11-17
KR102527626B1 (ko) 2023-05-03
PL3555014T3 (pl) 2023-12-27
EP3555014A1 (fr) 2019-10-23
WO2018109364A1 (fr) 2018-06-21
RU2019121266A (ru) 2021-01-15
RU2019121266A3 (zh) 2021-02-08
IL267202B (en) 2022-09-01
FR3059939A1 (fr) 2018-06-15
ES2961750T3 (es) 2024-03-13
BR112019010198B1 (pt) 2023-03-07
RU2752309C2 (ru) 2021-07-26
FR3059939B1 (fr) 2019-01-25
US20190381767A1 (en) 2019-12-19
CN110049959B (zh) 2022-04-08
BR112019010198A2 (pt) 2019-09-03

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