CN110048284A - 用于电动汽车的充电线缆和充电站 - Google Patents
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- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于电动汽车的充电线缆,该充电线缆具有以下特征:该充电线缆(10)包括绝缘体(11)、具有接触销和接触开口(13)的插接连接器(12)、以及连接导线;并且该插接连接器(12)经由这些接触销和接触开口(13)将该绝缘体(11)与该连接导线可松脱地连接。本发明此外提供了一种对应的充电站。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电动汽车的充电线缆。此外,本发明涉及一种对应的充电站。
背景技术
在电子技术中,用于在无需取出能量储存器(如电动汽车的牵引电池)的情况下通过简单地置入或插入来向可移动的电池驱动的装置、机器或机动车辆供应能量的任何固定装置或者电子设备都称为充电站。用于电动汽车的充电站有时还被称为“加电站”并且可以包括多个充电点。
在此,尤其已知直流快速充电系统(high performance charging,HPC),如在欧洲推广的所谓组合充电系统(combined charging system,CCS)。在进行所属类型的直流充电时,直流电从充电桩直接被馈送到车辆中,并且在此是由高功率整流器从电网来提供或由太阳能加电站(Solartankstellen)处的大的缓冲蓄能器来提供的。在车辆中存在电池管理系统,该电池管理系统与充电桩通信,以便调整电流强度或在达到容量极限时终止该过程。
在此,电力电子装置通常位于充电桩中。由于充电桩的直流端直接与牵引电池的对应端相连接,所以能够以低损耗传输高充电电流,这可以实现短的充电时间,但也产生显著的废热。
为此目的,已知了不同的充电线缆以及充电联接器和充电插座,它们典型地经受高度磨损。尤其接触销(“Pins”)在日常使用中由于大量的插接循环而经受高度磨损。然而,销的磨损危及可靠的接触,尤其在引导以低电压传输的信号时。除了由于频繁的插接循环和作用于销插座上的力而引起的机械磨损之外,塑料外壳和销支架还经历由于天气、光、氧气和其他氧化剂而引起的分解。在此应当注意的是,使这些部件满足对安全至关重要的绝缘功能。在此,这些部件有时还经受显著的机械荷载,尤其由于插头掉到地面上。线缆作为相对柔软的元件经受比插头明显更轻的机械荷载。
因此,以定期循环的方式完全地替换插头是行业中常见的,但非常耗费成本和时间。如果更换带有线缆的插头,通常必须打开充电桩,以便重新连接所有信号导体和功率导体,并且重新适配线缆引导件、可能的应力消除件、或悬挂件。相比于此,如果只更换插头和磨损的销,那么通常必须缩减导线端并焊接或夹紧新的销。这些方法在现场被证实是成本过高并且容易导致质量问题的。此外,随着每次更换销而令人所不期望地减少了线缆长度。此外,在选择性地更换单个销之后,导线有了不同的导线长度。
由于在现场更换充电线缆时的高耗费,因此部分地使用成本高的、有耐受性的材料,例如用于插头壳体的金-镍销和耐腐蚀的塑料,然而它们仅延迟了更换、但无法避免更换。
CN 105896212、DE 102011106335、DE 102013007330、EP 2555340 B1以及US2015035483披露了具有可更换部段的电动车辆充电插头。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于电动汽车的充电线缆以及一种对应的充电站。
本发明的基本思想在于,将充电插头分成具有高度磨损和/或高安全功能或安全重要性的至少一部分、以及具有较少磨损和/或较低安全功能或安全重要性的至少一部分。相应地,将具有高度磨损和/或高安全功能或安全重要性的充电插头的该部分设计成可更换的。
在本发明的意义上插头的主要部分例如是可更换的,该主要部分被引入车辆中的机械接收件中并且因此经受机械磨损和荷载。在此有利的是,尽可能所有敏感的零件(也可能是壳体的易断裂的零件)都是可更换部分的一部分,但另一方面尽可能少地被更换,以便限制所述部分的成本。插头主体或绝缘体尤其可以包含销,这些销也可以借助绝缘体来更换。如果将绝缘体像遮罩一样安置在插头之上,就可以将由于因为车辆更迭的频繁插接过程而特别容易磨损的销通过高品质的接触销仅以少数插接循环来与插头连接。这些附加的销在此仅需要很少的插接循环,因为仅在更换绝缘体时插入这些销。
本发明的其他有利的设计方案在以下描述中给出。因此,可以将绝缘体和至少一个销设计为能够插接到插头主体上。在这种情况下,应优选将绝缘体固定在插头上,例如借助螺钉、夹紧弹簧、或铆钉。通过第三方的固定优选是不可松脱的,例如通过使用不常见的螺钉头部、铆钉、对螺钉或锁定件的化学可松脱的粘接。
总体上,本发明在此公开下述1和12的技术方案,下述2-11为本发明的优选技术方案:
1.一种用于电动汽车的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该充电线缆(10)包括绝缘体(11)、具有接触销和接触开口(13)的插接连接器(12)、以及连接导线(19),并且
-该插接连接器(12)经由所述接触销和接触开口(13)将该绝缘体(11)与该连接导线(19)可松脱地连接。
2.根据上述1所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征中的一个特征:
-所述接触销与该绝缘体(11)永久地连接,或者
-所述接触销与该连接导线(19)永久地连接。
3.根据上述1或2所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该插接连接器(12)具有套环(14),并且
-该插接连接器(12)成形为使得当将该绝缘体(11)与该连接导线(19)连接时,该套环(14)嵌入该插接连接器(12)中。
4.根据上述3所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该套环(14)具有机械锁定件(15),尤其具有锁。
5.根据上述1至4之一所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该充电线缆(10)具有交织回路,尤其具有短路条。
6.根据上述1至5之一所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征中的至少一个特征:
-该插接连接器(12)具有螺钉,尤其具有安全螺钉,
-该插接连接器(12)具有夹紧弹簧,或者
-该插接连接器(12)具有铆钉。
7.根据上述1至6之一所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该连接导线(19)具有用于冷却流体的出入流管(17)。
8.根据上述7所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该插接连接器(12)包括该出入流管(17)的流体技术上的连接(16)。
9.根据上述7所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该插接连接器(12)具有该出入流管(17)到该绝缘体(11)的流体联接器(18),并且
-该绝缘体(11)被配置成用于借助冷却流体来进行冷却。
10.根据上述1至9之一所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该绝缘体(11)包括至少一个接触销或至少一个接触开口,该绝缘体的至少一个接触销或至少一个接触开口比该插接连接器(12)中的至少一个接触销或接触开口的指定的最大插接循环数多至少30%。
11.根据上述10所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该绝缘体(11)的至少一个接触销或至少一个接触开口具有镍-金表面。
12.一种充电站,其具有根据上述1至11之一所述的充电线缆(10)。
附图说明
在附图中示出了本发明的多个实施例并且在以下将详细地进行说明。
图1示出根据EN 62196 Type 2(“IEC Type 2”)的本发明CCS(组合充电系统)-充电线缆的实例,该充电线缆具有松开了的插接连接器。
图2以其细节示出根据本发明第一实施方式的插接连接器的联接器。
图3以其细节示出根据本发明第二实施方式的插接连接器的联接器。
图4示出CCS-充电线缆的第一实施变型。
图5示出CCS-充电线缆的第二实施变型。
具体实施方式
图1展示了对围绕附加的插接连接器(12)的充电线缆(10)的根据本发明的补充,通过该插接连接器,经受高度磨损的接触销和外壳可以形成为可更换的磨损零件。所提出的插接连接器(12)的接触销或接触开口(13)在此可以被设计为用于很少的插接循环。相反,作为绝缘体(11)插接的原本的充电插头就其预期的磨损而言可以在使用更有利的销和更有利的塑料的情况下来制造。
为了防止未经许可者拆卸插接连接器(12),例如提供不能借助标准工具来松脱的安全螺钉或锁。此外,为了通过断开电压来识别充电过程的拔断(Abstecken)和中断,充电线缆(10)具有自身的交织回路(例如呈短路条的构型)、或者被上级的充电系统的交织回路(Interlockschleife)穿过。联接器的外部区域优选至少在一定的距离上嵌入绝缘体(11)中,该距离取决于所使用的绝缘材料的抗电痕性。
图2和3详细展示了为此目的而下凹的套环(14),该套环同时防止这种情况:在可靠地中断经过交织回路的电流之前,当插接连接器(12)容易地被打开时可触摸到这些销。此外,在附图中能够看出任选的锁定件(15),该锁定件在此通过卡锁住一个锁来实现。
图4和5将观察者的注意力转向对连接导线(19,图3)的可能的线缆冷却管的两个任选实施变体。该线缆冷却管优选(如图4所示)在插接连接器(12)内终止,该插接连接器为此目的仅形成出、入流管(17)的连接(16)。因此,如果不需要将冷却介质转移到车辆上时,节省了用于液体联接器的成本。在此,连接导线(19)的冷却允许通过减小横截面来减少该连接导线的线缆重量,而在绝缘体(11)中的线缆应具有明显更大的、理想地与纯空气对流情况下的标准值对应的导体横截面。
然而,如果将冷却介质输送到绝缘体(11)中,那么根据图5的解决方案提供了如下优点:可以使用低成本的、非无泄漏的、或甚至非闭锁的流体联接器(18)。维修技术员可以可靠地例如通过冷却系统的通风来清除可能滞留的空气。
Claims (12)
1.一种用于电动汽车的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该充电线缆(10)包括绝缘体(11)、具有接触销和接触开口(13)的插接连接器(12)、以及连接导线(19),并且
-该插接连接器(12)经由所述接触销和接触开口(13)将该绝缘体(11)与该连接导线(19)可松脱地连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征中的一个特征:
-所述接触销与该绝缘体(11)永久地连接,或者
-所述接触销与该连接导线(19)永久地连接。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该插接连接器(12)具有套环(14),并且
-该插接连接器(12)成形为使得当将该绝缘体(11)与该连接导线(19)连接时,该套环(14)嵌入该插接连接器(12)中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该套环(14)具有机械锁定件(15),尤其具有锁。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该充电线缆(10)具有交织回路,尤其具有短路条。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征中的至少一个特征:
-该插接连接器(12)具有螺钉,尤其具有安全螺钉,
-该插接连接器(12)具有夹紧弹簧,或者
-该插接连接器(12)具有铆钉。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该连接导线(19)具有用于冷却流体的出入流管(17)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该插接连接器(12)包括该出入流管(17)的流体技术上的连接(16)。
9.根据权利要求7所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该插接连接器(12)具有该出入流管(17)到该绝缘体(11)的流体联接器(18),并且
-该绝缘体(11)被配置成用于借助冷却流体来进行冷却。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该绝缘体(11)包括至少一个接触销或至少一个接触开口,该绝缘体的至少一个接触销或至少一个接触开口比该插接连接器(12)中的至少一个接触销或接触开口的指定的最大插接循环数多至少30%。
11.根据权利要求10所述的充电线缆(10),
其特征在于以下特征:
-该绝缘体(11)的至少一个接触销或至少一个接触开口具有镍-金表面。
12.一种充电站,其具有根据权利要求1至11之一所述的充电线缆(10)。
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DE102018100827.9A DE102018100827A1 (de) | 2018-01-16 | 2018-01-16 | Ladekabel und Ladestation für Elektroautos |
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EP (1) | EP3512046B1 (zh) |
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Also Published As
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DE102018100827A1 (de) | 2019-07-18 |
US20190217731A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
EP3512046B1 (de) | 2020-09-02 |
EP3512046A1 (de) | 2019-07-17 |
US11180043B2 (en) | 2021-11-23 |
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