CN110041937B

CN110041937B - Soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110041937B
Application number: CN201910436031.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘忠义; 祁世平; 王耀; 朱波; 吴凡凡; 边伟
Original assignee: Inner Mongolia Boda Field Chemical Co ltd
Current assignee: Inner Mongolia Boda Field Chemical Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-05-23
Filing date: 2019-05-23
Publication date: 2020-07-31
Anticipated expiration: 2039-05-23
Also published as: CN110041937A

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil conditioner, which comprises the following components: gasification residues, ammonium sulfate, sulfur, fly ash and bentonite. The soil conditioner has the advantages of convenient material acquisition and low cost; the bulk density of the raw materials is less than half of that of the soil, which is beneficial to improving the porosity structure of saline-alkali and hardened soil and increasing the water and fertilizer holding capacity of the soil.

Description

Soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a soil conditioner and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Soil is the most basic production data of human beings and is the material basis on which human beings live. At present, nearly 4.95 hundred million acres of land desertification and about 13.05 hundred million acres of grassland degeneration exist in the north of China. In China, soil with barrier factors due to soil forming factors or human factors has a certain proportion, wherein the soil comprises erosion, poor texture, poor structure or tilth, saline and alkaline, acidification, toxic substance pollution and the like. In Ordos and the arid and semiarid regions around, a large number of medium and low yield fields such as saline-alkali type fields, sand-blown type fields and the like are distributed, and due to the lack of scientific management, the loss of essential elements of crops in soil is serious, the yield and the quality of the crops are reduced, the land output and the production benefit of farmers are seriously influenced, and the development of local agriculture is limited.

At present, enterprises all need to make efforts to create circular, green and low-carbon economy, and achieve effective and reasonable utilization of 'three wastes', and large-scale combined chemical enterprises taking development of coal chemical industry and saline-alkali chemical industry as main industries can generate about 6-8 ten thousand tons of fly ash, 5 ten thousand tons of boiler slag and 20 ten thousand tons of gasification residues each year according to the example that about 90 ten thousand tons of raw material coal and 40 ten thousand tons of fuel coal are consumed each year. Wherein, the boiler slag and part of the fly ash are used for further effective utilization in the production of cement factories and brick factories in gardens, and the rest 20 million tons of gasification residues can not be effectively utilized by a good method at present, and are generally fixed stacking places in the delivery areas. The large amount of gasification residues not only occupies a large amount of land and pollutes air, but also increases the treatment cost.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the facts that the utilization rate of the gasification residues is low, land resources are occupied, and air is polluted, the applicant applies the gasification residues to the field of soil for research, and finds that the gasification residues are beneficial to improving the porosity of the soil, increasing the water holding capacity and the fertilizer holding capacity of the soil, and increasing the contents of organic matters, cation exchange capacity, total phosphorus and the like of the soil.

The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner which takes gasification residues as main raw materials.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

a soil conditioner comprising the following components: gasification residues, ammonium sulfate, sulfur, fly ash and bentonite. Research and development finds that a certain amount of gasification residues are added into soil, so that the water retention capacity of the soil can be effectively enhanced, the soil can be agglomerated, and the growth of microorganisms is facilitated.

The gasification residue is the residue after the coal water slurry is combusted in the gasification furnace under the condition of pure oxygen; the fly ash and the slag are residual substances after the coal-fired boiler is combusted under the air condition.

In one specific embodiment of the invention, the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 78-82 parts of gasification residues, 7-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 parts of sulfur, 4-6 parts of fly ash and 4-6 parts of bentonite.

In one specific embodiment of the invention, the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of gasification residues, 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of sulfur, 5 parts of fly ash and 5 parts of bentonite.

In a specific embodiment of the present application, the gasification residue comprises, by mass, CaO not less than 15.0%, MgO not less than 5.0%, and SiO₂More than or equal to 18.0 percent. The product can not meet the standard requirement caused by too low content of each componentAnd if any one of the products is unqualified, judging that the product is unqualified.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the fly ash and bentonite are used as a binder. Researches show that the bonding performance of the fly ash and the bentonite is better when the particle size is below 325 meshes.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the gasification residue includes the following steps: and (3) neutralizing the coal water slurry additive with raw material coal to prepare coal water slurry, burning under the condition of pure oxygen, cooling and solidifying a product after burning, and crushing to obtain powdery gasification residues. The burning time is controlled within 1 second. The combustion temperature was 1350-. The coal water slurry additive is a conventional commercial product, and all the coal water slurry additives mentioned in the prior published documents or equivalent additives can be adopted, and the dosage of the coal water slurry additive is also referred to the use ratio in the prior published documents.

The gasification residue obtained by the preparation method is unexpectedly found to contain a plurality of micropores, has obvious water storage and retention effects, is beneficial to increasing the content of citric-soluble silicon, and is convenient to be absorbed by crops.

And the gasification residues after full combustion flow downwards to enter a bottom chilling chamber for cooling and solidification, the solidified gasification residues are crushed by a slag breaker and then enter a slag collector, and then the solidified gasification residues are conveyed to a gasification residue treatment center through a belt.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the soil conditioner preparation comprises granules and powder.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the pH of the soil conditioner is 7.0-8.5.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps: pulverizing the above materials, granulating, oven drying, sieving, cooling, and coating.

The sandy soil is characterized by coarse texture, good permeability, existence of single-grain structure, and easy flowing when meeting wind above four levels to form a flowing sand dune. The most effective method for improving the aeolian sandy soil is to bond sand grains with each other to form a certain structure, so that the aeolian sandy soil has certain water and fertilizer retention property and creates an environment beneficial to plant growth.

The invention also provides application of the soil conditioner in improving and repairing soil. After the soil conditioner is applied to soil, the texture of the soil can be changed to a certain extent, soil particles are bonded, a small granular structure is formed, and meanwhile, conditions favorable for microbial activity are created, so that microbial crusts are formed on the surface layer of the soil, and wind and sand erosion is resisted. Researches find that the dosage of the soil conditioner is 1000-2500 Kg/mu, and the effect is best when the dosage is 2000 Kg/mu.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

firstly, the soil conditioner has the advantages of convenient material acquisition and low cost; the bulk weight of the raw materials is less than half of that of the soil, which is beneficial to improving the porosity structure of saline-alkali and hardened soil and increasing the water and fertilizer holding capacity of the soil; the pH value of the soil conditioner is 7.0-8.5, so that the soil conditioner can effectively adjust soil acidification harm in south China; the soil conditioner can reconstruct the structure of desertification soil, increase the viscosity of the sandy soil, reduce the loss of water and fertilizer and play a role in retaining water and fertilizer; the soil conditioner has a certain yield increasing effect, can benefit for many years after being used for one year, and is different from the effect of a chemical fertilizer.

The soil conditioner of the invention is different from the fertilizer in that the fertilizer is a single or compound chemical fertilizer containing essential nutrients of plants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, the soil conditioner contains low nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the soil conditioner is mainly used for improving the soil texture and does not provide nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like for the growth of crops.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of soil conditioner preparation;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the unitary secondary analysis of different fertilizing amounts and corn yields in example 3.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The gasification residue is prepared by the following method:

adding a coal water slurry additive into raw material coal, feeding the coal water slurry additive into a coal mill, mixing the coal water slurry additive with water, grinding the mixture into coal water slurry, then conveying the coal water slurry into a gasification furnace, feeding the coal water slurry and oxygen from air separation into a combustion chamber of the gasification furnace in a jetting mode, and fully combusting at the high temperature of 1300 plus 1450 ℃. And the gasification residues after full combustion flow downwards to enter a bottom chilling chamber for cooling and solidification, the solidified gasification residues are crushed by a slag breaker and then enter a slag collector, and then the solidified gasification residues are conveyed to a gasification residue treatment center through a belt.

Example 1

First, test purpose

By developing a plot experiment, the effect of different usage amounts of the soil conditioner on the aspect of repairing the obstacle soil is known, and a basis is provided for large-area popularization and application.

Materials and methods

Test soil conditioner (one) test soil conditioner: produced by inner Mongolia Boda chemical Co., Ltd, the dosage form is black solid particles.

(II) conventional civil fertilizer: urea and diammonium phosphate.

(III) test samples: corn, variety Xian Yu 698.

(IV) test site: the test site was located in the Wu-examined-flag-Ancheng-Zhenba-Tibet-Chaudu village. The soil of the land is moisture soil, 109 degrees 2 '16 degrees in east longitude and 38 degrees 25' 37 degrees in north latitude.

(V) test design and method

The test was carried out in the village of Bayin Chaudaida in Wu-Qin countless river within 2016, 4-2016 and 11-2016. The experiment was set to 2 treatments, 1 blank:

treatment 1: applying 1000 kg/mu of test soil conditioner and conventional fertilization;

and (3) treatment 2: applying 2000 kg/mu of test soil conditioner and conventional fertilization;

and (3) treatment: applying fertilizer regularly (50 kg/mu of urea and 30 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate).

The experiment is repeated for 3 times, 9 cells are totally arranged, the field cell width is 8m, the length is 12 m, and the cell area is 96m²The random blocks are arranged, and isolation rows of 1.5m are arranged among the cells to prevent water and fertilizer from mixing. The field layout schematic diagram is arranged as the nine-square grid in the table 1, and each cell is 96 square meters:

table 12016 years Bayin faaida test arrangement schematic diagram

According to the test design requirement, the application amount of the soil conditioner is 1000 kg/mu and 2000 kg/mu respectively; the application method comprises the following steps: before the soil is ploughed in spring, namely 4 months at the end of the year to 5 months at the beginning, ploughing, harrowing and leveling field plots, making ridges of test cells, and then uniformly spreading a soil conditioner in the corresponding cells according to treatment to deeply dig into a soil layer to ensure that the soil is fully and uniformly mixed. Planting by artificial drill in 2016, 5 months and 1 day, wherein the plant spacing is 29cm, and the row spacing is 51 cm. Corn yield was measured per cell on day 1/10.

(V) measurement method

Adopting a theoretical production measurement method: 1. the sampling method comprises the following steps: randomly taking 3 sampling points in each cell, calculating the average row spacing of 10 row spacings of each sampling point, calculating the average plant spacing of 10 plant spacings, taking 3 rows of each sampling point, taking 5 continuous corns in each row, calculating the average yield of the sampling points, and measuring the seedling shortage rate. 2. And (3) calculating: theoretical yield per mu (kg/mu) is the average yield of spots 667 (1-seedling lacking rate)/area of spots.

After the production is measured at 10 months and 5 days, soil samples are taken to measure the index contents of pH value (NY/T1121.2-2006), CEC (NY/T1121.5-2006), alkalization degree, organic matter (NY/T1121.6-2006), quick-acting nitrogen (DB 13/T843) -2007), quick-acting phosphorus (NY/T1121) -2014), quick-acting potassium (NY/T889-2004), effective calcium (NY/T1121.13-2006), effective magnesium (NY/T1121.13-2006), effective sulfur (NY/T1121.14-2006), volume weight (NY/T1121.4-2006) and total nitrogen (NY/T1121.24-2012) of 0-30cm of soil.

Third, test results and analysis

(I) influence of the tested soil conditioner on physicochemical properties of soil without application amount

According to the soil test results shown in the table 2, the contents of available calcium, available magnesium, available sulfur and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of the soil in the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 are improved compared with the soil in the conventional fertilization, wherein the CEC is improved, namely the fertility preserving performance is improved, and the size of the CEC is an important basis for improving the soil and reasonably fertilizing; the pH, volume weight and alkalization degree of the soil treated by the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 are obviously reduced compared with those of the soil treated by the conventional fertilization; the main reason is that various phosphorus-containing compounds exist in the soil and can be continuously and mutually converted, the conversion efficiency has certain correlation with the pH value of the soil, and the effectiveness of phosphorus in the soil is highest when the pH value is 6.0-6.5.

TABLE 2 influence of soil conditioner on soil physicochemical Properties

(II) influence of different application amounts of the soil conditioner on the yield of the corn.

As can be seen from the F test in Table 4, the source of variation in the test is from process to process, indicating the reliability of the test data. The corn yield measurement result shows that (see table 3), the yield of the treatment 2 is the highest and is 896.59 kg/mu, compared with the conventional fertilization (treatment 3), the yield is increased by 76.89 kg/mu, and the yield is increased by 11.19%; the yield of the treated fertilizer 1 is 866.86 kg/mu, which is increased by 47.16 kg/mu compared with the conventional fertilizer application and the yield is increased by 7.50 percent; the conventional fertilization yield is the lowest, and is 819.70 kg/mu.

TABLE 3 measurement results of yields

TABLE 4 analysis of yield variance table

TABLE 5 test Each test cell t-test chart

TABLE 6 multiple comparisons

Analysis of variance was performed on the results of the measurements, and the results showed (see table 4) that the differences between the replicates were not significant and the differences between the treatments reached a very significant level (F60.72 > F0.01). it was found by the difference significance test (L SD method) (see table 5) that the differences between treatment 1 and treatment 2 were not significant, the differences between treatment 2 and treatment 3 were very significant, and the differences between treatment 1 and treatment 3 were very significant.

(III) Effect of soil conditioner application on corn biological traits

As shown in Table 7, the soil conditioner provides a longer corn filling period after improvement. Has effect in prolonging growth period.

TABLE 7 corn growth period record (month/day)

Fourth, conclusion

Firstly, 1000 kg/mu and 2000 kg/mu of soil conditioner are applied to reduce the pH value, the alkalization degree and the soil volume weight of the alkalized soil, and the content of effective phosphorus and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) is improved. Wherein, the effect of applying 2000 kg/mu is most obvious;

secondly, the application of 1000 kg/mu and 2000 kg/mu of soil conditioner is improved by a certain amount compared with the blank control in effective calcium, effective magnesium, effective sulfur and quick-acting nitrogen;

the third test shows that the soil conditioner has complete corn seedling, long grouting period, capacity of raising corn yield and certain yield increasing effect. Compared with a blank control, the yield of the applied 1000 kg/mu soil conditioner can be increased by 7.50 percent; compared with a blank control, the yield of the applied 2000 kg/mu soil conditioner can be increased by 11.19 percent.

Example 2

First, test purpose

The test is a tracking test, and in order to solve the subsequent influence of the application of the soil conditioner, the improvement effect of the soil conditioner on the obstacle soil is further determined by measuring the content of each nutrient in the soil, so that a basis is provided for large-area popularization and application.

Materials and methods

And (I) planting the corns again according to a conventional method.

(II) test samples: corn, variety Xian Yu 698.

(III) test site: the test site is on the original test ground of mushroom beach village of Wu-examined flag undiminished river town in 2015.

Third, test results and analysis

(I) influence of the tested soil conditioner on the physicochemical properties of the soil without using the application amount

According to the soil test results in Table 8, the volume weight, pH and alkalization degree of the treatment 1 and the treatment 2 are all reduced compared with the control, and available phosphorus in available nutrients is obviously improved, mainly due to the fact that the pH and the alkalization degree are reduced, and the fixation of phosphorus to soil is reduced. And the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) was increased for treatment 1 and treatment 2 compared to the control. The field layout is schematically shown in example 1.

TABLE 8 influence of soil conditioners on the physicochemical Properties of the soil

And (II) the influence of different application amounts of the soil conditioner on the seedling lack rate of the corns.

As can be seen from the F test in Table 10, the source of variability in the test was from between treatments, indicating the reliability of the test data. The corn yield measurement result shows that (see table 9), the yield of the treatment 2 is the highest and is 847.65 kg/mu, and compared with the conventional fertilization (treatment 3), the yield is increased by 143.41 kg/mu and is increased by 20.36%; the yield of the treatment 1 is 805.96 kg/mu, compared with the conventional fertilization, the yield is increased by 101.72 kg/mu, and the yield is increased by 14.44%; the conventional fertilization yield is the lowest, and is 704.24 kg/mu.

TABLE 9 measurement results of yields

(III) influence of soil conditioner application on corn yield and output value

TABLE 10 analysis of yield variance table

TABLE 11 test Each test cell t-test chart

TABLE 12 multiple comparisons

The results of the anova analysis of the test results show (see table 10) that the differences between the replicates were not significant and the differences between the treatments reached a very significant level (F54.09 > F0.01). it was found by the difference significance test (L SD method) (see table 12) that the differences between treatment 1 and treatment 2 were not significant, the differences between treatment 1 and treatment 3 were significant, and the differences between treatment 2 and treatment 3 were very significant.

(IV) Effect of soil conditioner application on corn biological traits

TABLE 13 corn growth period record (month/day)

Fourth, conclusion

(I) yield results

From the F test of table 10, it can be seen that the source of variation in the test is from the process, indicating the reliability of the test data. Treatment 1 yield was 805.96 kg/acre, which reached a very significant level for treatment 2 and CK treatment according to the t-test; the yield of treatment 2 was 847.65 kg/acre, and according to the t-test, the CK treatment also reached a very significant level. As can be seen from Table 9, the treated plot had a low rate of seedling loss. Therefore, the soil conditioner has obvious yield increasing effect on corn, and has the effects of preserving water and fertilizer and improving the permeability of saline-alkali soil on soil. As long as the application is reasonable, the fertilizer has no side effect on the quality of soil and agricultural products. The application prospect of the compound in saline-alkali areas is better and better.

(II) maize growth period traits

As shown in Table 13, the soil conditioner provides a longer corn filling period after improvement. Has effect in prolonging growth period.

(III) soil improvement Effect

According to the soil test results in Table 8, the volume weight, pH and alkalization degree of the treatments 1 and 2 are all reduced compared with those of the treatments 2, and available phosphorus in available nutrients is obviously improved, mainly due to the fact that the pH and the alkalization degree are reduced, and the fixation of phosphorus to soil is reduced. And the increased Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of treatment 1 compared to treatment 2, with a higher CEC, essentially representing a high fraction of nutrients that the soil may retain, i.e., a high fertilizer retention, is an important basis for improving the soil and for rational fertilization.

Example 3

First, test purpose

Through 2016 experiments, the soil conditioner is preliminarily obtained to have obvious effects on improving effective magnesium, effective calcium, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), pH, volume weight and the like of soil and have a certain yield increasing effect. When the soil conditioner is used, the dosage is controlled correctly, the improvement effect is difficult to achieve when the dosage is too low, and resource waste and economic benefit reduction are caused when the dosage is too high. The Wuqi flag technique is popularized to plant protection plant inspection stations to mainly hold a scientific design test scheme, and a scientific basis is provided for determining the optimal application range by developing a plot test of different application amounts of a soil conditioner.

Materials and methods

A soil conditioner: produced by inner Mongolia Boda chemical Co., Ltd, the dosage form is black solid particles.

(II) conventional civil fertilizer: urea and diammonium phosphate.

(III) crop: corn (corn first 698).

(IV) test site: the test site is arranged in Gaertun Baerwan village without fixed river. The land has an altitude of 1214m, east longitude 108 degrees, 45 '23 degrees, north latitude 38 degrees, 11' 46 degrees, rainfall of 440.7mm in 2017 years, underground water level of about 1m, and soil is alkalified moisture soil. The test topography is smooth, the land fertility level is consistent, the irrigation condition is good, and the test result of the soil 0-20cm before spring sowing is as follows: pH 9.12, quick-acting potassium 68.86mg/kg, available phosphorus 1.84mg/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen 8.18mg/kg, and alkalization degree 21%.

(V) test design and method

Test time: 4 months in 2017-11 months in 2017; the test adopts random block arrangement, 3 treatments and 1 blank are arranged, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the total number of the treatments is 12, the length of the field cell is 15m, the width of the field cell is 8m, and the area of the field cell is 120m²And isolation rows of 1.5m are arranged among the cells. Planting by artificial drilling in 2017, 5 months and 1 day, wherein the plant spacing is 25cm, the row spacing is 45.5cm, and the treatment is as follows:

treatment 1: applying 278 kg/mu of test soil conditioner and conventional fertilization;

and (3) treatment 2: applying 556 kg/mu of test soil conditioner and conventional fertilization;

and (3) treatment: applying 1000 kg/mu of test soil conditioner and conventional fertilization;

CK: (conventional fertilization: 15 kg/mu diammonium phosphate basal application and 30 kg/mu urea topdressing).

The field layout is schematically represented by the twelve squares in table 14 below, with each cell being 96 square meters:

table 142017 schematic diagram of experimental field arrangement in gulwan

(VI) fertilizing and irrigating

The application method comprises the following steps: before turning over in spring, namely the middle ten days of 4 months, firstly turning over, harrowing, leveling field plots, making ridges of test cells, then uniformly spreading a soil conditioner in the corresponding cells according to treatment and deeply turning into soil layers to ensure that the soil conditioner is fully and uniformly mixed with the soil; diammonium phosphate is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application when the corn is planted; the urea is applied as additional fertilizer in the jointing stage, booting stage and grouting stage for 3 times. In order to prevent water and fertilizer from mixing, drip irrigation is adopted.

(VII) soil detection standard and yield determination method

After the test is finished on 27 days at 9 months, taking a 0-20cm soil sample to determine the index contents of pH value (NY/T1121.2-2006), CEC (NY/T1121.5-2006), alkalization degree (L Y/T1249-.

The production measuring method comprises the following steps:

1. the sampling method comprises the following steps: randomly taking 3 sampling points in each cell, taking 3 rows in each sampling point, taking 5 continuous corns in each row, calculating the average yield of a sample prescription, counting 5 rows, and calculating the seedling lack rate by taking 20 corns in each row.

2. Calculating the formula:

yield per mu (kg/667 m)²) Average yield of spots × 667 × (1-seedling missing rate) ÷ spot area

3 test results and analysis

3.1 Effect of different application amounts of soil conditioner on physicochemical properties of soil

As can be seen from Table 15, the contents of available calcium, available magnesium, available sulfur and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) in the soil treated in 1 (278 kg/mu of the test soil conditioner applied + conventional fertilization), 2 (556 kg/mu of the test soil conditioner applied + conventional fertilization) and 3 (1000 kg/mu of the test soil conditioner applied + conventional fertilization) were improved compared with CK (conventional fertilization: 15 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate basal application and 30 kg/mu of urea additional application). The CEC size is an important basis for soil improvement and reasonable fertilization, and the CEC is improved, namely the fertilizer retention performance is improved; the pH, volume weight and alkalization degree of the soil treated by the treatment 1, the treatment 2 and the treatment 3 are obviously reduced compared with those of the soil in CK; as the pH soil is reduced, the fixation of the soil to phosphorus is reduced, and the content of available phosphorus in the soil is obviously increased.

TABLE 15 Effect of different application rates of conditioner on soil physicochemical Properties

3.2 Effect of different application rates of soil conditioner on corn yield

As can be seen from table 17, the experimental variation is from treatment to treatment. As can be seen from Table 16, the yield of treatment 3 (application of 1000 kg/acre of the soil conditioner to be tested plus conventional fertilization) was the highest, which was 843.00 kg/acre, and increased 193.44 kg/acre and increased 29.78% compared with CK (conventional fertilization); the yield of the treatment 2 (556 kg/mu of the tested soil conditioner and conventional fertilization) is 796.61 kg/mu, which is increased by 147.05 kg/mu compared with CK (conventional fertilization) and increased by 22.64%; the yield of the treatment 1 (278 kg/mu of applied test soil conditioner and conventional fertilization) is 713.25 kg/mu, which is increased by 63.69 kg/mu compared with CK (conventional fertilization) and the yield is increased by 9.81%; CK (conventional fertilization) yield was the lowest, 649.56 kg/acre.

TABLE 162017 Gaertun Bay yield rating Scale for blocking

TABLE 17 ANOVA TABLE

TABLE 18 multiple comparisons

As can be seen from table 17, the inter-repeat difference was not significant, and the inter-treatment difference reached a very significant level (F112.8 > F0.01). As can be seen from the multiple comparison results (see table 18), the difference between treatment 2 (application of 556 kg/acre of the test soil conditioner + conventional fertilization), treatment 3 (application of 1000 kg/acre of the test soil conditioner + conventional fertilization) and CK (conventional fertilization) reached a very significant level, the difference between treatment 3, treatment 2 and treatment 1 reached a very significant level, and the difference between treatment 1 (application of 278 kg/acre of the test soil conditioner + conventional fertilization) and CK (conventional fertilization) reached a significant level.

3.3 Effect of different application amounts of soil conditioner on corn biological traits

Through the investigation of the corn in each growth period, the differences between the treatments can be seen from table 19, and the treatments 1 (applying 278 kg/mu of the tested soil conditioner + conventional fertilization), 2 (applying 556 kg/mu of the tested soil conditioner + conventional fertilization), 3 (applying 1000 kg/mu of the tested soil conditioner + conventional fertilization) and CK (conventional fertilization: basal application of 15 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate and additional application of 30 kg/mu of urea) are sown at the same time, and the seedlings emerge at the same time. According to observation, the seedlings are treated completely by the treatment 1, the treatment 2 and the treatment 3, and the growth vigor is good; the treatment 1, the treatment 2 and the treatment 3 are higher than CK corn kernel milk lines, which shows that the treatment 1, the treatment 2 and the treatment 3 have longer corn filling periods, wherein the treatment 3 is most obvious, and the soil conditioner has the function of prolonging the corn filling.

TABLE 19 corn growth period record (month/day)

3.4 comparison of economic benefits of soil conditioner at different application rates

As can be seen from table 20, application of a suitable amount of soil conditioner effectively increased the economic income. The yield is increased along with the increase of the application amount of the soil conditioner, the maximum application amount is 1758.0 kg/mu, the yield is 943.76 kg/mu, according to the fact that the benefit is parabolic according to the increase of the application amount, 924.67kg is applied per mu, and the benefit is 1296.36 yuan/mu.

TABLE 20 benefit comparison table

And (3) carrying out unitary quadratic fitting on the application amount of the soil conditioner and the corn yield, carrying out regression analysis on the application amount and the corn yield, establishing a fertilizer benefit equation, and drawing a parabola of the application amount of the soil conditioner and the yield (see figure 2).

And obtaining a benefit equation according to the selling price of the corn market and the price of the tested soil conditioner as follows:

marginal benefit equation y ═ optimal economic benefit fertilizing amount [ (1-b) ÷ 2a ]

4. Conclusion

Test results show that the soil conditioner can effectively improve the obstructive soil, improve the effective calcium, magnesium and sulfur contents of the soil, obviously reduce the pH value, the alkalization degree and the soil volume weight of the alkalized soil, improve the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of the soil and obviously improve the effective phosphorus content of the soil. Of these, the effect was most pronounced with treatment 3 (application of 1000 kg/acre of test soil conditioner + conventional fertilization).

After the soil conditioner is applied, the seedling lacking rate of the corns is reduced, the filling period is prolonged, and the yield of the corns is obviously improved. The yield of the treatment 3 (applying 1000 kg/mu of the tested soil conditioner and applying the conventional fertilizer) is improved most obviously, and the yield per mu reaches 843.0 kg.

The application of 500kg-1000kg of soil conditioner per mu has certain economic income, and the application of 924.67kg of soil conditioner per mu has the highest economic benefit of 1296.36 yuan per mu.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive work within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. The soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 78-82 parts of gasification residues, 7-10 parts of ammonium sulfate, 1-3 parts of sulfur, 4-6 parts of fly ash and 4-6 parts of bentonite;

the gasification residue comprises the following components, by mass, CaO is more than or equal to 15.0%, MgO is more than or equal to 5.0%, and SiO2 is more than or equal to 18.0%;

the preparation method of the gasification residue comprises the following steps: and (3) neutralizing the coal water slurry additive with raw material coal to prepare coal water slurry, burning under the condition of pure oxygen, cooling and solidifying a product after burning, and crushing to obtain powdery gasification residues.

2. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein: the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of gasification residues, 8 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of sulfur, 5 parts of fly ash and 5 parts of bentonite.

3. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the fly ash or bentonite is less than 325 meshes.

4. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein: the soil conditioner preparation comprises granules and powder.

5. The soil conditioner of claim 1, wherein: the pH value of the soil conditioner is 7.0-8.5.

6. A method for producing a soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: pulverizing the above materials, granulating, oven drying, sieving, cooling, and coating.

7. Use of a soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 for improving and remediating soil.