CN110029144A - 一种生物传感器及制备方法和使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物传感器及制备方法和使用方法,本发明所述的生物传感器为包括一金‑银等离子体卫星结构组装体。其制备方法包括以下步骤:(1)制备金球纳米颗粒;(2)制备表面修饰DNA的金纳米探针;(3)制备银球纳米颗粒;(4)制备表面修饰DNA的银纳米信标;(5)组装形成金‑银等离子体卫星结构组装体。本发明利用活性端粒酶能够将端粒酶引物链延长,其延长部分与金纳米探针表面的DNA碱基互补配对,从而拆分金‑银等离子体卫星结构组装体,导致组装体等离子散射光谱发生不同程度的红移,且端粒酶浓度与红移量呈线性相关性,从而构建可应用于检测端粒酶活性的生物传感器,对许多癌症的及时发现诊断具有重要的意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生物传感器及制备方法和使用方法,尤其涉及一种基于金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体检测端粒酶活性的生物传感器及制备方法和使用方法。
背景技术
端粒酶Telomerase是使端粒延伸的反转录DNA合成酶。端粒酶的活性在真核细胞中可以检测到,在该酶的催化下染色体DNA端粒末端会添加端粒DNA重复序列TTAGGG,以保护端粒免于细胞分裂时的侵蚀。据报道,几乎所有类型的癌细胞中端粒酶被再活化并过量表达,并保持了端粒长度,这使得癌细胞无限分裂。端粒酶在癌细胞和正常细胞之间的差异表达使其成为有价值的肿瘤生物标志物和潜在的治疗靶标。因此,敏感检测和原位监测端粒酶活性以及对其抑制对肿瘤诊断,治疗有重要意义。自从Greider和Blackburn在1985年发现端粒酶以来,已经开发了各种分析方法来检测端粒酶活性,包括经典的基于聚合酶链反应PCR的端粒酶重复扩增方案TRAP测定,以及化学发光,比色法,和电化学法。然而这些方法都未能实现细胞端粒酶活性原位监测。因此,端粒酶作为一种肿瘤标志物,发展快速、高灵敏的端粒酶活性检测新方法,对癌症的早期诊断和治疗具有重要的研究价值。
等离子激元是纳米光子学新兴的一个子领域,因为其在纳米尺度控制和操纵光的潜在应用而吸引了越来越多的关注。表面等离子共振是贵金属粒子表面和限制在纳米粒子表面上的入射光电子之间的相互作用,由于等离子共振的发生使得金属纳米颗粒具有优异的光学和物理性质,包括强吸收和散射光谱,光稳定性等。随着暗场显微镜的出现促进了对纳米颗粒等离子激元,特别是贵金属尺寸、形状、组成以及局部环境的影响的研究,这进一步促进其在生物标记和检测中的使用,同时基于纳米颗粒等离子共振性质使它们能够用作灵敏的传感器、功能性纳米探针、生物检测以及药物筛选。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明目的是提供一种基于金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体检测端粒酶活性的生物传感器及制备方法和使用方法,该生物传感器可以快速、高灵敏地检测端粒酶活性。
技术方案:本发明所述一种生物传感器,其特征在于:包括一金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体,所述组装体由金纳米探针和银纳米信标通过DNA碱基互补配对组装而成;所述金纳米探针由金球纳米颗粒为核心表面修饰DNA分子制备而成,所述银纳米信标由银球纳米颗粒为卫星表面修饰DNA分子制备而成。
本发明所述的一种生物传感器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备金球纳米颗粒:采用盐酸羟胺还原法合成,所获得的金球纳米颗粒的粒径大小为50~160nm;
(2)制备表面修饰DNA的金纳米探针:将步骤(1)中制备的金球纳米颗粒以1:4~1:8比例稀释后,取200μL滴加至ITO玻璃片上,约2s之后用超纯水冲洗并用氮气吹干;取200μL浓度为1pM一端带巯基的DNA滴加至固定在ITO表面的金球纳米颗粒上,经摇床25~38℃摇匀2~4h,用超纯水冲洗并用氮气吹干,得到表面修饰DNA分子的金纳米探针;
(3)制备银球纳米颗粒:采用柠檬酸钠-油酸钠双体系还原法合成,所获得的银球纳米颗粒的粒径大小为5~30nm;
(4)制备表面修饰DNA的银纳米信标:取步骤(3)中制备的银球纳米颗粒与一端带有胞嘧啶的DNA溶液混合,混合浓度比为1:1000~1:5000,经摇床25~38℃摇匀1~2h;分三次且每间隔1h加入体积为3~9μL,浓度为0.4~0.6M,pH值为2.5~3.5的柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液;接着加入体积为85~95μL,浓度为0.1~0.3M,pH值为7.3~7.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,经摇床25~38℃摇匀1~2h;将所得反应溶液离心纯化,得到表面修饰DNA的银纳米信标;
(5)组装形成金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体:将步骤(4)所得到的银纳米信标溶液稀释浓度为0.05~0.15nM,滴加至步骤(2)所得到的金纳米探针上,经摇床25~38℃反应2~4h,用超纯水冲洗并用氮气吹干,得到固定于ITO表面的金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体。
所制备的金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体是通过DNA碱基互补配对实现的。
本发明所述的基于金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体生物传感器用于检测端粒酶活性,具体步骤如下:
(a)通过CHAPS裂解液破裂商用的海拉细胞提取端粒酶;
(b)将端粒酶、端粒酶延长引物链和dNTP混合溶液恒温36℃孵育2~3h;
(c)将其混合溶液滴加至金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体上反应2~3h;
(d)借助暗场显微镜观察,加入活性端粒酶后金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体散射光谱会发生明显的红移现象,将端粒酶活性浓度对散射光谱红移量作线性相关分析,得到端粒酶活性浓度与红移量的线性相关图。
本发明的生物传感器检测端粒酶活性的原理:具有活性的端粒酶能够将端粒酶引物链生长延长,其延长部分与金纳米探针表面的DNA碱基互补配对,结合成能力更强的DNA链,从而将银纳米信标颗粒从基底金纳米探针颗粒上替换下来,拆分金-银等离子体卫星结构,进而导致组装体等离子散射光谱发生不同程度的红移,且端粒酶浓度与红移量呈线性相关性,从而构建可应用于检测端粒酶活性的生物传感器。
有益效果:本发明的基于金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体的生物传感器,可在单纳米颗粒尺度上实现端粒酶活性的高灵敏检测,而且端粒酶活性浓度与金-银等离子体卫星结构散射光谱的红移量呈线性关系,对许多癌症的及时发现诊断具有重要的意义。
附图说明
图1是本发明生物传感器的原理示意图。
图2是本发明金球纳米颗粒的TEM图。
图3是本发明银球纳米颗粒的TEM图。
图4是本发明金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体的SEM图。
图5是本发明实施例中端粒酶活性浓度与组装体散射光谱红移量的线性相关图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明,实施例不得作为限制本发明保护的范围。
图1是本发明基于金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体生物传感器的原理示意图。
实施例1
按照如下步骤制备金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体生物传感器:
(1)制备金球纳米颗粒
取柠檬酸钠还原制备的金种子1mL,加超纯水25mL,加入0.2M的盐酸羟胺100μL,逐滴加入0.1%的氯金酸溶液,测得紫外光谱为536nm,获得大小为65nm的金球纳米颗粒。
(2)制备表面修饰DNA的金纳米探针
取步骤(1)中制备的金球纳米颗粒以1:4比例稀释,取200μL滴加至ITO玻璃表面进行吸附,2s后用超纯水冲洗,氮气吹干;取体积200μL、浓度为1pM一端带巯基的S-DNA溶液滴加至固定在ITO表面的金球纳米颗粒上,经摇床36℃缓慢摇匀4h,用超纯水冲洗并用氮气吹干,得到表面修饰DNA的金纳米探针颗粒。
(3)制备银球纳米颗粒
取柠檬酸钠5mM、单宁酸0.025mM,加热搅拌20min,加入1mL、25mM硝酸银溶液,搅拌15min,获得大小为20nm的银球纳米颗粒。
(4)制备表面修饰DNA的银纳米信标
取步骤(3)中制备的银球纳米颗粒与一端含有20个胞嘧啶的DNA溶液混合,混合比例为1:1000,总量为1200μL;经摇床36℃摇匀2h;分三次每间隔1h加入6μL、0.5M、pH=3的柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液;接着加入90μL、0.2M、pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,经摇床36℃摇匀2h,将所得到的反应溶液离心纯化,得到表面修饰DNA的银纳米信标颗粒。
(5)组装形成金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体
将步骤(4)所得到的银纳米信标溶液稀释至0.1nM,取200μL滴加至步骤(2)所固定好的的金纳米探针上,经摇床36℃反应4h,用超纯水冲洗并用氮气吹干,得到固定于ITO表面的金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体。
实施例2
按照如下步骤制备金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体生物传感器:
(1)制备金球纳米颗粒
取柠檬酸钠还原制备的金种子1mL,加超纯水25mL,加入0.2M的盐酸羟胺100μL,逐滴加入0.1%的氯金酸溶液,测得紫外光谱为536nm,获得大小为65nm的金球纳米颗粒。
(2)制备表面修饰DNA的金纳米探针
取步骤(1)中制备的金球纳米颗粒以1:8比例稀释,取200μL滴加至ITO玻璃表面进行吸附,2s后用超纯水冲洗,氮气吹干;取体积200μL、浓度为1pM一端带巯基的S-DNA溶液滴加至固定在ITO表面的金球纳米颗粒上,经摇床36℃缓慢摇匀2h,用超纯水冲洗并用氮气吹干,得到表面修饰DNA的金纳米探针颗粒。
(3)制备银球纳米颗粒
取柠檬酸钠5mM、单宁酸0.025mM,加热搅拌20min,加入1mL、25mM硝酸银溶液,搅拌15min,获得大小为20nm的银球纳米颗粒。
(4)制备表面修饰DNA的银纳米信标
取步骤(3)中制备的银球纳米颗粒与一端含有20个胞嘧啶的DNA溶液混合,混合比例为1:5000,总量为1200μL;经摇床36℃摇匀1h;分三次每间隔1h加入6μL、0.5M、pH=3的柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液;接着加入90μL、0.2M、pH=7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,经摇床36℃摇匀1h,将所得到的反应溶液离心纯化,得到表面修饰DNA的银纳米信标颗粒。
(5)组装形成金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体
将步骤(4)所得到的银纳米信标溶液稀释至0.1nM,取200μL滴加至步骤(2)所固定好的的金纳米探针上,经摇床36℃反应2h,用超纯水冲洗并用氮气吹干,得到固定于ITO表面的金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的制备方法基本相同,不同的是:
步骤(2)中金纳米颗粒以1:5比例稀释;
步骤(4)中银球纳米颗粒与一端含有20个胞嘧啶的DNA溶液混合比例为1:2000。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1的制备方法基本相同,不同的是:
步骤(2)中金纳米颗粒以1:6比例稀释;
步骤(4)中银球纳米颗粒与一端含有20个胞嘧啶的DNA溶液混合比例为1:3000。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例2的制备方法基本相同,不同的是:
步骤(2)中金纳米颗粒以1:6比例稀释;
步骤(4)中银球纳米颗粒与一端含有20个胞嘧啶的DNA溶液混合比例为1:3000。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例2的制备方法基本相同,不同的是:
步骤(2)中金纳米颗粒以1:7比例稀释;
步骤(4)中银球纳米颗粒与一端含有20个胞嘧啶的DNA溶液混合比例为1:4000。
图2为实施例1~6制备的金球纳米颗粒的TEM图。
图3为实施例1~6制备的银球纳米颗粒的TEM图。
图4为实施例1~6制备的金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体的SEM图。
实施例1~6制备的金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体的结构相同,作为生物传感器用于检测端粒酶活性,具体步骤如下:
(a)通过CHAPS裂解液破裂海拉细胞提取端粒酶;
(b)将端粒酶、端粒酶延长引物链和dNTP混合溶液恒温36℃孵育2h;
(c)将其混合溶液滴加至金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体上反应2h;
(d)借助暗场显微镜观察金-银等离子体散射光谱的变化,将端粒酶活性浓度对散射光谱红移量作线性相关分析。
图5为实施例1~6中端粒酶活性浓度与组装体散射光谱红移量的线性相关图。
表1为实施例1~6各组分配比及性能参数。
表1实施例1~6各组分配比及性能参数
由表1可知,实施例1~6所获得的金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体的结构一致,加入活性端粒酶后金-银等离子体卫星结构散射光谱会发生明显的红移现象,红移量在暗场显微镜下能够明显地看到颗粒颜色的变化,且端粒酶活性浓度与散射光谱红移量呈线性关系,实现了肉眼可测的端粒酶活性检测。
Claims (9)
1.一种生物传感器,其特征在于:包括一金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体,所述组装体由金纳米探针和银纳米信标通过DNA碱基互补配对组装而成;
所述金纳米探针由金球纳米颗粒为核心表面修饰DNA分子制备而成,所述银纳米信标由银球纳米颗粒为卫星表面修饰DNA分子制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种生物传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备金球纳米颗粒:采用盐酸羟胺还原法合成,所获得的金球纳米颗粒的粒径大小为50~160nm;;
(2)制备表面修饰DNA的金纳米探针:将步骤(1)获得的金球纳米颗粒以1:4~1:8比例稀释,将其吸附固定在透明基底片上,将一端带巯基的DNA溶液滴加至金球纳米颗粒上,摇匀、冲洗、吹干;
(3)制备银球纳米颗粒:采用柠檬酸钠-油酸钠双体系还原法合成,所获得的银球纳米颗粒的粒径大小为5~30nm;
(4)制备表面修饰DNA的银纳米信标:将银球纳米颗粒与一端含有胞嘧啶的DNA溶液以1:1000~1:5000比例混合,摇匀;分次加入柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液,再加入磷酸盐缓冲溶液,摇匀、离心纯化。
(5)组装形成金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体:将步骤(4)所获得的银纳米信标溶液稀释,滴加至步骤(2)所获得的金纳米探针上,摇匀、冲洗、吹干。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种生物传感器的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述透明基底片为ITO/FTO玻璃、石英片、有机玻璃及云母片。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种生物传感器的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)、步骤(5)所述摇匀为摇床25~38℃摇匀2~4h。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种生物传感器的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)所述摇匀为摇床25~38℃摇匀1~2h。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种生物传感器的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)所述柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液的体积为3~9μL,浓度为0.4~0.6M,pH值为2.5~3.5。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种生物传感器的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)所述磷酸盐缓冲溶液的体积为85~95μL,浓度为0.1~0.3M,pH值为7.3~7.5。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种生物传感器的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(5)所述银纳米信标溶液稀释浓度为0.05~0.15nM。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一权利要求所述的一种生物传感器的使用方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(a)通过CHAPS裂解液破裂海拉细胞提取端粒酶;
(b)将端粒酶、端粒酶延长引物链和dNTP的混合溶液恒温下孵育2~3h;
(c)将步骤(b)中的混合溶液滴加至金-银等离子体卫星结构组装体上反应2~3h;
(d)暗场显微镜下观察组装体等离子散射光谱的红移量,将端粒酶活性浓度对散射光谱红移量作线性相关分析,得到端粒酶活性浓度与散射光谱红移量的线性相关图。
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