CN110026686B - Laser impact method, device and equipment - Google Patents
Laser impact method, device and equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110026686B CN110026686B CN201910452343.4A CN201910452343A CN110026686B CN 110026686 B CN110026686 B CN 110026686B CN 201910452343 A CN201910452343 A CN 201910452343A CN 110026686 B CN110026686 B CN 110026686B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/356—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser shock method, a device and equipment, wherein the method comprises the steps of clamping a part to be strengthened on laser shock processing equipment; controlling the laser shock treatment equipment to start and irradiating pulse laser beams to the surface of the part to be strengthened; when the surface has residual stress holes, adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam; and performing laser shock treatment on the part to be strengthened by adopting the adjusted laser beam. When the surface of the part to be strengthened has the residual stress hole, the energy distribution of the laser beam can be adjusted to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam, and the adjusted laser beam is adopted to carry out laser shock treatment on the part to be strengthened, so that the residual stress value of the area corresponding to the central area of the laser beam on the surface of the part to be strengthened is improved, the generation of the residual stress hole is effectively inhibited, the laser shock strengthening effect is improved, and the product quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of material surface treatment, in particular to a laser shock method, a laser shock device and laser shock equipment.
Background
Laser shock is a technology for strengthening the surface of metal by using the force effect generated by pulse laser, and the introduction of higher residual compressive stress in the surface layer is the main reason for realizing the goal of strengthening the surface of material by the technology. Therefore, it is a basic task for the skilled person how to achieve a uniform distribution of the introduced higher compressive residual stress over a large area of the laser shock treated surface, however, the occurrence of a "residual stress hole" phenomenon makes it difficult to evenly distribute the residual stress over the surface of the material.
The phenomenon of residual stress hole refers to that after laser shock treatment, the residual stress peak value of the surface of the target material does not appear at the geometric center position of a laser beam, and the center position of the laser beam presents a smaller residual compressive stress value and even has residual tensile stress distribution. This phenomenon results in a non-uniform residual stress distribution on the surface of the metal material to be strengthened, and the formation of "residual stress holes" has a negative effect on the laser shock strengthening effect of the material.
Therefore, how to suppress the formation of "residual stress hole" and improve the laser shock peening effect is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a laser shock method, a laser shock device and laser shock equipment, which can effectively inhibit the generation of residual stress holes in the use process, are favorable for improving the laser shock strengthening effect and improve the product quality.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a laser shock method, including:
clamping a part to be strengthened on laser shock treatment equipment;
controlling the laser shock treatment equipment to start and irradiating pulse laser beams to the surface of the part to be strengthened;
when the surface has residual stress holes, adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam;
and carrying out laser shock treatment on the part to be strengthened by adopting the adjusted laser beam.
Optionally, before the adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam, the method further includes:
and judging whether the ratio of the average residual stress value of the residual stress hole area on the surface to the maximum residual stress value of the laser impact area is larger than a preset ratio or not, if so, executing the step of adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam.
Optionally, the adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam includes:
when the current energy distribution of the laser beam is flat-top distribution, the energy distribution of the laser beam is adjusted from the flat-top distribution to Gaussian distribution;
and when the current energy distribution of the laser beam is Gaussian distribution, adjusting the energy of the geometric central area of the laser beam to a first preset value.
Optionally, the method further includes:
if not, adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to form an energy distribution structure by a central circular area and one or more annular areas positioned at the periphery of the central circular area; the laser energy between the central circular area and the annular area adjacent to the central circular area and between the two adjacent annular areas is zero.
Optionally, the annular region and the central circular region have the same center.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and adjusting the energy of the central circular area to a second preset value.
Optionally, before clamping the part to be strengthened on the laser shock processing apparatus, the method further includes:
the surface of the part to be strengthened is sequentially coated with an absorption layer and a restraint layer, wherein the absorption layer is a black paint layer or a black glue layer, and the restraint layer is a deionized water layer.
The embodiment of the invention correspondingly provides a laser impact device, which comprises:
the clamping module is used for clamping the part to be strengthened on the laser shock processing equipment;
the control module is used for controlling the laser shock processing equipment to be started and enabling the pulse laser beam to irradiate the surface of the part to be strengthened;
the adjusting module is used for adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam when the residual stress hole exists in the surface, so that the energy of the central area of the laser beam is increased;
and the processing module is used for carrying out laser shock processing on the part to be strengthened by adopting the adjusted laser beam.
Optionally, the adjusting module includes:
the judging unit is used for judging whether the ratio of the average residual stress value of the residual stress hole area on the surface to the maximum residual stress value of the laser impact area is larger than a preset ratio or not when the residual stress hole exists on the surface, and if so, the adjusting unit is triggered;
the adjusting unit is used for executing the step of adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam.
The embodiment of the invention also provides laser impact equipment which comprises the laser impact device.
The embodiment of the invention provides a laser shock method, a device and equipment, wherein the method comprises the following steps: clamping a part to be strengthened on laser shock treatment equipment; controlling the laser shock treatment equipment to start and irradiating pulse laser beams to the surface of the part to be strengthened; when the surface has residual stress holes, adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam; and performing laser shock treatment on the part to be strengthened by adopting the adjusted laser beam. Therefore, when the surface of the part to be strengthened is subjected to surface strengthening treatment, after the pulse laser beam irradiates the surface of the part to be strengthened and the surface of the part to be strengthened has residual stress holes, the energy distribution of the laser beam can be adjusted to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam, and the adjusted laser beam is adopted to perform laser shock treatment on the part to be strengthened, so that the residual stress value of the area corresponding to the central area of the laser beam on the surface of the part to be strengthened is improved, the generation of the residual stress holes is effectively inhibited, the laser shock strengthening effect is improved, and the product quality is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed in the prior art and the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a laser shock method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of another laser shock method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a distribution of residual stress on a surface of a part to be strengthened according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating adjustment of the energy distribution of a laser beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating another exemplary adjustment of the energy distribution of a laser beam;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of residual stress on the surface of another part to be strengthened according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating another exemplary adjustment of the energy distribution of a laser beam;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating another exemplary adjustment of the energy distribution of a laser beam;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the distribution of surface residual stress and the degree of plastic deformation corresponding to a laser beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of the distribution of surface residual stress and the degree of plastic deformation corresponding to another laser beam provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of the distribution of surface residual stress and the degree of plastic deformation corresponding to another laser beam provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser shock apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a laser shock method, a laser shock device and laser shock equipment, which can effectively inhibit the generation of residual stress holes in the use process, are favorable for improving the laser shock strengthening effect and improve the product quality.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a laser shock method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method comprises the following steps:
s110: clamping a part to be strengthened on laser shock treatment equipment;
it should be noted that, when the part to be strengthened is subjected to laser shock, the part to be strengthened may be pretreated in advance, and the pretreated part to be strengthened is clamped on the laser shock processing equipment, specifically, the clamping may be performed according to the existing method, and detailed details are not given in this application.
S120: controlling the laser shock treatment equipment to start and irradiating pulse laser beams to the surface of the part to be strengthened;
specifically, after the part to be strengthened is clamped on the laser shock treatment equipment, the laser shock treatment equipment is controlled to be started, and the laser beam emitted by the laser shock treatment equipment irradiates the surface of the part to be strengthened, so that the surface of the part to be strengthened is strengthened.
S130: when the surface has residual stress holes, adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam;
s140: and performing laser shock treatment on the part to be strengthened by adopting the adjusted laser beam.
Specifically, after a laser beam is irradiated to the surface of the part to be reinforced, the residual stress value in the laser spot region on the surface of the part to be reinforced changes, and if a residual stress hole appears on the surface of the part to be reinforced at this time, that is, the residual stress peak value on the surface of the part to be reinforced does not appear in the geometric center region of the laser spot, the center position of the laser spot has a smaller residual stress value, and even has residual tensile stress distribution, the energy distribution of the laser beam needs to be adjusted so as to inhibit the generation of the residual stress hole. The energy distribution of the laser beam can be adjusted, the energy of the central area of the laser beam is increased, the energy of the central area is larger than that of the peripheral area, and the adjusted laser beam is adopted to carry out impact treatment on the part to be strengthened, so that the residual stress value of the central position of a laser spot on the surface of the part to be strengthened can be correspondingly improved, and the generation of the residual stress hole phenomenon can be further weakened or eliminated.
In addition, it should be noted that the laser shock processing in this embodiment may be implemented by performing the strengthening processing on the surface of the part to be strengthened in a point-by-point processing manner, that is, by performing the processing in a manner that the robot arm moves once and the laser shock is performed once.
Therefore, when the surface of the part to be strengthened is subjected to surface strengthening treatment, after the pulse laser beam irradiates the surface of the part to be strengthened and the surface of the part to be strengthened has residual stress holes, the energy distribution of the laser beam can be adjusted to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam, so that the residual stress value of the area corresponding to the central area of the laser beam on the surface of the part to be strengthened is increased, the generation of the residual stress holes is effectively inhibited, the laser shock strengthening effect is improved, and the product quality is improved.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of another laser shock method according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method can comprise the following steps:
s210: clamping a part to be strengthened on laser shock treatment equipment;
it should be noted that, in this embodiment, when the part to be strengthened is preprocessed before being clamped on the laser shock processing apparatus, an absorption layer and a constraint layer may be sequentially coated on the surface of the part to be strengthened, and the absorption layer may be coated to prevent the surface of the part to be strengthened from being subjected to the thermal effect of the laser beam, where the absorption layer is a black paint layer or a black glue layer, and the constraint layer is a deionized water layer. Of course, besides the above materials, other suitable materials may be selected for the absorption layer and the constraint layer, and the specific material is not particularly limited in this embodiment.
S220: controlling the laser shock treatment equipment to start and irradiating pulse laser beams to the surface of the part to be strengthened;
s230: when the residual stress hole exists on the surface, judging whether the ratio of the average residual stress value of the residual stress hole area on the surface to the maximum residual stress value of the laser impact area is larger than a preset ratio, if so, entering S240; if not, entering S250;
it should be noted that, when a residual stress hole exists on the surface of the part to be strengthened, the strength of the residual stress hole may be further determined, where the specific residual stress hole is a part of a laser impact region on the surface of the part to be strengthened, and it may be determined whether a ratio of an average residual stress value of the residual stress hole region in the laser impact region to a maximum residual stress value of the laser impact region is greater than a preset ratio, if so, it is determined that the residual stress hole on the surface of the part to be strengthened is weak, at this time, S240 may be performed, and the energy distribution of the laser beam may be adjusted by enhancing the energy of the central region of the laser beam. When the ratio of the average residual stress value to the maximum residual stress value is smaller than the preset ratio, it indicates that the residual stress hole in the surface of the part to be reinforced is stronger, and at this time, S250 may be performed. The preset ratio in this embodiment may be determined according to actual needs, for example, 80%. Of course, in practical application, the intensity of the residual stress hole can also be determined through manual experience, so that different adjusting modes are selected to adjust the energy distribution of the laser beam, so as to weaken or eliminate the generation of the residual stress hole.
S240: adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam;
specifically, when the ratio of the average residual stress value of the residual stress hole area to the maximum residual stress value of the laser impact area is greater than a preset ratio, the energy of the central area of the laser beam can be increased, so that when the adjusted laser beam is used for carrying out laser impact treatment on the part to be strengthened, the residual stress value of the central area of the laser spot on the surface of the part to be strengthened can be increased, and the residual stress hole is weakened or eliminated, thereby realizing uniform strengthening of the part to be strengthened, wherein the specific increment of the energy of the central area of the laser beam can be determined according to actual needs. For example, the distribution of the residual stress on the surface of the part to be strengthened is shown in fig. 3, and a residual stress hole phenomenon occurs on the surface of the part to be strengthened, that is, the geometric center of the beam irradiation region has a smaller residual stress value than that of the adjacent region, and the residual stress hole effect is relatively slight, so that the energy distribution of the laser beam can be slightly adjusted at this time, that is, the energy of the central region of the laser beam is enhanced.
During the process of adjusting the energy of the central area of the laser beam, the adjustment can be carried out according to the following rules:
when the current energy distribution of the laser beam is flat-top distribution, the energy distribution of the laser beam is adjusted from the flat-top distribution to Gaussian distribution;
referring to fig. 4, the left side of fig. 4 is a flat-top distribution, and the right side of fig. 4 is a gaussian distribution, it can be seen that the energy distribution of the laser beam is adjusted from the flat-top distribution to the gaussian distribution, so that the energy of the central region of the laser beam can be enhanced, and therefore, the residual stress hole phenomenon can be effectively suppressed by using the adjusted laser beam pair.
When the current energy distribution of the laser beam is Gaussian distribution, the energy of the geometric central area of the laser beam is adjusted and increased to a first preset value.
Referring to fig. 5, the left side of fig. 5 is a gaussian distribution, and the right side of fig. 5 is a gaussian distribution obtained by increasing the energy of the central region, wherein the specific value of the first preset value can be determined according to actual needs, and the embodiment is not particularly limited.
S250: adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to form an energy distribution structure by a central circular area and one or more annular areas positioned at the periphery of the central circular area; the laser energy between the central circular area and the annular area adjacent to the central circular area and between the two adjacent annular areas is zero.
Specifically, in this embodiment, when the ratio of the average residual stress value of the residual stress hole region to the maximum residual stress value of the laser impact region is smaller than the preset ratio, it is indicated that the residual stress hole effect is relatively serious, for example, the residual stress distribution diagram of the surface of the to-be-reinforced part shown in fig. 6, the residual stress hole effect shown in the diagram is relatively serious, at this time, the energy distribution of the laser beam may be adjusted to an energy distribution structure formed by the central circumferential region and one or more annular regions located at the periphery of the central circular region, and the laser energy between every two adjacent regions is 0, that is, the geometric center position of the laser beam always maintains the energy distribution, that is, the energy distribution of the laser beam is in a non-hollow manner.
Specifically, when the current energy distribution of the laser beam is the flat-top distribution, the energy distribution of the laser beam may be adjusted according to the manner shown in fig. 7, and the energy distribution is adjusted from the flat-top distribution shown in the left diagram in fig. 7 to the energy distribution formed by the central circular region and the peripheral annular region shown in the right diagram in fig. 7, and at this time, the energy of each region may still be adjusted according to the size of the flat-top distribution; when the current energy distribution of the laser beam is gaussian, the energy distribution of the laser beam can be adjusted in the manner shown in fig. 8, and the energy distribution is adjusted from the gaussian distribution shown in the left diagram in fig. 8 to the energy distribution formed by the central circular region and the peripheral annular region shown in the right diagram in fig. 8, and at this time, the energy of each region can still be adjusted according to the size of the gaussian distribution. Of course, the energy of the central circular area may also be adjusted to a second preset value, so as to further improve the suppression effect of the residual stress hole effect, wherein the size of the second preset value may be determined according to actual needs, and the application is not particularly limited. In addition, it should be noted that the center of the annular region is the same as the center of the central circular region in this embodiment.
S260: and performing laser shock treatment on the part to be strengthened by adopting the adjusted laser beam.
Specifically, after the energy distribution of the laser beam is adjusted, the adjusted laser beam is adopted to perform impact treatment on the part to be strengthened, so that the residual stress value of the center position of a laser spot on the surface of the part to be strengthened can be correspondingly improved, and the generation of the residual stress hole phenomenon can be further weakened or eliminated
In addition, referring to the simulation diagrams shown in fig. 9, fig. 10 and fig. 11, the present embodiment will be described in detail:
specifically, fig. 9, 10, and 11 respectively show the flattop-distributed laser beam and the laser beam after energy distribution correction according to different adjustment rules, and further respectively include the surface residual stress distribution and the plastic deformation degree caused by the laser beams in different energy distribution states. The magnitude of the laser energy at a particular location determines the magnitude of the laser shock pressure at that location, i.e., the region with the higher energy distribution achieves a relatively high shock force.
The left graph in fig. 9 shows a laser beam having a flat-top energy distribution, the left graph in fig. 10 shows a laser beam having a combined energy distribution of a central circular region and an annular region, and the left graph in fig. 11 shows a laser beam having a higher energy distribution at the geometric center. The laser beams with different energy distributions respectively have corresponding laser impact pressure, for example, the impact pressure of the corresponding laser beam in fig. 9 is set to be 14GPa, and the radius of the laser beam is 1.25 mm; in fig. 10, the impact pressure of the corresponding laser beam is set to 14GPa, the annular region and the laser beam have the same center, and the inner and outer radii are 0.85mm and 0.9mm, respectively; the laser beam in fig. 11 is divided into three regions, namely, a center circle having a radius of 0.4mm, a circular ring having inner and outer radii of 0.4mm and 0.85mm, and a circular ring having inner and outer radii of 0.85mm and 1.25mm, and the impact pressures of the three regions from the beam center to the outside are set to 16GPa, 15GPa, and 14GPa, respectively. The middle diagram in each of the diagrams in fig. 9, 10 and 11 respectively shows the distribution of the residual stress on the surface of the material caused by the laser beam with the corresponding energy distribution state; the graphs on the right side in each of the diagrams of fig. 9, 10 and 11 respectively show the degree of plastic deformation of the surface of the material caused by the laser beam having the corresponding energy distribution state.
As can be seen from the results of the residual stress and the plastic deformation shown in fig. 9, 10 and 11, the laser beam having the energy distribution consisting of the central circular region and the annular region or the laser beam further increasing the energy of the central region can reduce the residual stress hole phenomenon on the surface of the material to be processed. Specifically, the values of the compressive residual stress at the center of the laser beam are improved in both fig. 10 and 11 as compared with the state of the residual stress distribution shown in fig. 9; the overall degree of plastic deformation in both fig. 10 and 11 is reduced compared to the degree of plastic deformation shown in fig. 9, and the "protrusion" phenomenon of the central region of the laser beam is effectively suppressed.
On the basis of the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention correspondingly provide a laser shock apparatus, specifically refer to fig. 12. The device includes:
the clamping module 11 is used for clamping the part to be strengthened on the laser shock processing equipment;
the control module 12 is used for controlling the laser shock processing equipment to be started and enabling the pulse laser beam to irradiate the surface of the part to be strengthened;
the adjusting module 13 is used for adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam when the residual stress hole exists on the surface, so that the energy of the central area of the laser beam is increased;
and the processing module 14 is used for performing laser shock processing on the part to be strengthened by adopting the adjusted laser beam.
Optionally, the adjusting module 13 includes:
the judging unit is used for judging whether the ratio of the average residual stress value of the residual stress hole area on the surface to the maximum residual stress value of the laser impact area is larger than a preset ratio or not when the residual stress hole exists on the surface, and if so, the adjusting unit is triggered;
and the adjusting unit is used for executing the step of adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam.
It should be noted that the laser shock apparatus provided in the present embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the laser shock method provided in the foregoing embodiment, and please refer to the foregoing embodiment for the laser shock method related in the present embodiment, which is not described herein again.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a laser shock device, which includes the above laser shock device.
It should be noted that the laser shock apparatus provided in this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the laser shock apparatus provided in the above embodiment, and for the laser shock apparatus related in this embodiment, please refer to the above embodiment, which is not described herein again.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
It is further noted that, in the present specification, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A laser shock method, comprising:
clamping a part to be strengthened on laser shock treatment equipment;
controlling the laser shock treatment equipment to start and irradiating pulse laser beams to the surface of the part to be strengthened;
when the surface has the residual stress hole, judging whether the ratio of the average residual stress value of the residual stress hole area on the surface to the maximum residual stress value of the laser impact area is larger than a preset ratio or not;
if so, adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam; the adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to increase the energy of the central area of the laser beam comprises: when the current energy distribution of the laser beam is flat-top distribution, the energy distribution of the laser beam is adjusted from the flat-top distribution to Gaussian distribution, and when the current energy distribution of the laser beam is Gaussian distribution, the energy of a geometric central area of the laser beam is adjusted to a first preset value;
if not, adjusting the energy distribution of the laser beam to form an energy distribution structure by a central circular area and one or more annular areas positioned at the periphery of the central circular area, wherein the laser energy between the central circular area and the annular area adjacent to the central circular area and between two adjacent annular areas is zero;
and carrying out laser shock treatment on the part to be strengthened by adopting the adjusted laser beam.
2. The laser shock method of claim 1, wherein the annular region is centered on the same center as the central circular region.
3. The laser shock method of claim 2, further comprising:
and adjusting the energy of the central circular area to a second preset value.
4. The laser shock method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to said clamping the part to be strengthened to the laser shock processing apparatus:
the surface of the part to be strengthened is sequentially coated with an absorption layer and a restraint layer, wherein the absorption layer is a black paint layer or a black glue layer, and the restraint layer is a deionized water layer.
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