CN107858501A - A kind of workpiece surface laser-impact technique for removing residual stress hole - Google Patents

A kind of workpiece surface laser-impact technique for removing residual stress hole Download PDF

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CN107858501A
CN107858501A CN201711292041.2A CN201711292041A CN107858501A CN 107858501 A CN107858501 A CN 107858501A CN 201711292041 A CN201711292041 A CN 201711292041A CN 107858501 A CN107858501 A CN 107858501A
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laser
micro
texture
workpiece surface
impact
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CN107858501B (en
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曹宇鹏
蒋苏州
王恒
陈浩天
花国然
陈怡平
马建军
朱娟
朱珉睿
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Nantong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the workpiece surface laser-impact technique for removing residual stress hole, micro- texture laser parameter is optimized, the hole array formed using the micro- texture of laser, reach the purpose of release residual stress, meanwhile the aperture that micro- texture is formed plays blocking effect in rarefaction wave communication process, surface is seted to converge ripple from reaching spot center, residual stress hole can not be formed, ensures that surface rarefaction wave converges without normal direction spot center in workpiece surface monitoring using PDVF piezoelectric transducers.In addition, the present invention is converted to laser impact intensified laser parameter the laser parameter using deionized water as restraint layer so that this technique can be used industrially on a large scale.The laser impact intensified processing of workpiece surface is carried out using the inventive method, without changing light spot shape, without high overlapping rate, can directly eliminate residual stress hole, not only improve processing efficiency reduces processing cost simultaneously.

Description

A kind of workpiece surface laser-impact technique for removing residual stress hole
Technical field
The present invention relates to the workpiece surface laser-impact technique for removing residual stress hole, belong to technical field of laser processing.
Background technology
The application is Application No. CN2016108809174 divisional application.
It is laser impact intensified（Laser Shocking Peening, LSP）Technology, also referred to as Laser Peening Technology.Laser rushes It is to use high power density to hit reinforcing（GW/cm2Magnitude）, short pulse（10-30ns magnitudes）Laser by restraint layer irradiate in During energy-absorbing layer coated by metal surface, coating absorbs laser energy and gasifies rapidly and be formed substantially simultaneously a large amount of intensive High temperature（710K）, high pressure（>1GPa）Plasma.Restraint layer can effectively strengthen the pressure of laser blast wave and extend it and continue Time, plasma blast is hindered, enhancing laser energy couples, and significantly improves the reinforcing effect of laser-impact.
The micro- texturing process in surface is proved to be effectively improved at present material surface friction and wear behavior and bearing capacity A kind of means.In recent years, obtained by processing a series of micrographics array on friction pair in process for modifying surface Increasing concern.Also, found in mimetic bio-membrane probe process, the wear-resistant degree on surface is not and its smooth degree Directly proportional, the surface for having certain matte finish on the contrary has more preferable abrasion resistance.
It is laser impact intensified to be widely used in improving aero engine turbine blades residual stress and fatigue strength, logical In the case of often, the spot center of laser is the maximum region of residual compressive stress, but as the increase of laser intensity, original grade are double The residual stress phenomenon of axle distribution disappears, and is changed into the phenomenon that a kind of maximum residual stress does not appear in spot center, this Phenomenon is referred to as " residual stress hole ", is mainly shown as center of impact region residual compressive stress missing." residual stress hole " shows The appearance of elephant, cause laser impact intensified spot center compression to lack, or even form tension, hot spot is formed larger answer Power gradient, easily cause the workpiece after laser impact intensified to crack in actual production and application, seriously reduce the longevity Life.
Gauss circle hot spots are changed to by uniform square hot spot by " optics binary diffraction " method, can effectively suppress " remaining The formation in stress hole ", the more uniform residual compressive stress layer of formation, but the surface maximum residual stress value that square hot spot is formed A certain degree of reduction can all be occurred by influenceing layer depth with plasticity, while processing cost is higher.Or carried out using circular light spot Overlap joint, the influence in residual stress hole can be just reduced frequently with 70% overlapping rate.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：The defects of overcoming above-mentioned prior art, propose a kind of workpiece for removing residual stress hole Surface laser impact technique, preferable micro- texture laser-impact technique can be determined by this method, cause plate using the technique Material avoids producing the phenomenon in " residual stress hole " after laser impact intensified.
In order to achieve the above object, a kind of workpiece surface laser-impact work for removing residual stress hole proposed by the present invention Skill, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
Step 1, in workpiece surface the processing of laser micro- texture is carried out, the laser energy that micro- texture uses is P0（Here with laser Fuel factor be processed, using optical fiber laser, use weak laser）, micro- texture density is B, the laser energy P0 of micro- texture Scope be P1-P2；
Step 2, laser impact intensified, the institute of workpiece surface progress treated using K9 glass as restraint layer to the micro- texture of laser State laser impact intensified laser energy P3（It is processed here with the mechanics effect of high-power laser induced shock waves, uses arteries and veins Laser is rushed, uses light laser）, the energy may be such that residual stress hole occurs in untreated workpiece surface；Use simultaneously PVDF piezoelectric transducers carry out workpiece surface dynamic strain detection, it is ensured that surface rarefaction wave converges without normal direction spot center；
If step 3, PVDF piezoelectric transducers can't detect rarefaction wave, reduce micro- texture density, repeat step 1-2, Zhi Daojian Measure rarefaction wave；If PVDF piezoelectric transducers detect rarefaction wave, increase micro- texture density, repeat step 1-2, until detection Less than rarefaction wave；Corresponding micro- texture density is used as the micro- texture processing laser of corresponding laser during just can't detect rarefaction wave The micro- texture density of minimum feasible under energy；
The laser energy P0 of the micro- texture processing of step 4, adjustment laser, and repeat step 1-3, are finally obtained by micro- texture laser energy Several data pair that amount and the micro- texture density of corresponding minimum feasible are formed, select micro- texture hole depth moderate, micro- texture density Minimum data pair, laser energy and micro- texture density as micro- texture of implementation；
Step 5, measurement carry out laser impact intensified rear sample loading area edge using K9 glass as restraint layer, with laser energy P3 Slide depth；
Step 6, using deionized water as restraint layer, adjust laser impact intensified laser parameter so that sample adds after laser-impact Carry the sample loading area edge sliding depth that edges of regions sliding depth is approximately equal in step 5；
Step 7, micro- texture prepared in workpiece surface with the impact laser of micro- the texture density and respective strengths that filter out, then with Deionized water is restraint layer, workpiece surface is carried out with the laser parameter after regulation laser impact intensified, uses the process Can eliminate laser impact intensified causes residual stress hole caused by workpiece surface.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also has following characteristics：
1st, in step 1, micro- texture laser（Pulse）Energy P0 scope is 0.2mj-1mJ, and the spot size of laser is 1 μm, Micro- texture pit distance range is：0-140μm.
2nd, the workpiece surface is polished into minute surface in advance.
3rd, by the three-dimensional appearance of the three-dimensional micro- sem observation material of the super depth of field of Japanese Keyemce VHX 1000c, sample is determined Loading area edge slides depth.
4th, in step 5, the sample loading area edge sliding depth for measuring acquisition is H1, in step 6, uses laser energy P4 progress is laser impact intensified, wherein, P1<P4<P3, measure using deionized water as restraint layer laser-impact after sample loading area Edge sliding depth is H2, if H2>H1 then selects laser energy to carry out reinforcing punching for P4 '=P1+0.618* (P4-P1) laser Experiment is hit, if H2<H1 then selects laser energy P4 '=P4+0.618* (P3-P4) laser to carry out intensifying impact experiment；Laser Sample loading area edge slides depth H 2 ' after impact, and constantly regulate rushes the energy that level strengthens laser, until H2 ' ≈ H1.
5th, after the completion of step 6, measurement laser-impact region residual stress, regulation intensifying impact is adjusted if skewness Laser parameter, until surface residual stress is evenly distributed.
The principle of the invention is as follows：
After laser blast wave loading material surface, shock wave can form the compressional wave and rarefaction wave of Propagation in material internal, and Rarefaction wave can be then formed in material surface, and is propagated to surrounding.Hot spot border can regard the wave source of rarefaction wave as, and rarefaction wave is by light Spot border is propagated to surrounding, and a part is outwards propagated to center convergence, another part.It is by sparse wave direction for residual stress hole Roundtrip cooperatively forms laser blast wave in the sample in centre convergence and thin plate sample.Formed using the micro- texture of laser Hole array, reach the purpose of release residual stress, meanwhile, the aperture that micro- texture is formed is in the rarefaction wave communication process of surface Blocking effect is played, rarefaction wave can not be converged to spot center, residual stress hole can not be formed.For sheet member, by The back side increases the shock wave being absorbed to the close impedance of material intrinsic frequency up to the back side.
The laser impact intensified processing of workpiece surface is carried out using the inventive method, without changing light spot shape, without height Overlapping rate, residual stress hole can be directly eliminated, not only improve processing efficiency reduces processing cost simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1-a are the micro- texture close-up views of the present embodiment workpiece surface.
Fig. 1-b are the micro- texture list blind hole figures of the present embodiment workpiece surface.
Fig. 2-a are the oscillograms for detecting rarefaction wave.
Fig. 2-b are the oscillograms for being not detected by rarefaction wave.
Fig. 3-a are the maximum remaining distribution of principal stress figures of workpiece surface.
Fig. 3-b are distribution of principal stress figures more than workpiece surface Minimum Residual.
Fig. 3-c are workpiece surface remnants principal direction of stress angular distributions.
Fig. 4-a be the present embodiment workpiece surface it is laser impact intensified after close-up view.
Fig. 4-b be the present embodiment workpiece surface it is laser impact intensified after single blind hole figure.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of workpiece surface laser-impact technique for removing residual stress hole of the present embodiment, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
Step 1, in workpiece surface（Workpiece surface is polished into minute surface in advance）Carry out the micro- texture processing of laser（Here with laser Fuel factor is processed, and using optical fiber laser, uses weak laser）, impact laser energy is P0, and micro- texture density is B, punching The scope for hitting laser energy P0 is P1-P2.Preferably, the scope for impacting laser energy P0 is 0.2mj-1mj, impacts the light of laser Spot size is 1 μm, and micro- texture pit distance range is：0-140μm.In this example, from 7050 aluminum alloy materials, with single pulse energy Measure as 0.2mj（Power 5W）Laser, spot size is 1 μm, and micro- texture pit distance is 5 μm of preparations for carrying out micro- texture, is swashed After the processing of light micro- texture, micro- texture overall picture under microscope is shown in Fig. 1-a, and micro- texture list blind hole under microscope is shown in Fig. 1-b.
Step 2, using K9 glass as restraint layer to the micro- texture of laser treat workpiece surface carry out laser-impact it is strong Change（It is processed here with the mechanics effect of high-power laser induced shock waves, using pulse laser, uses light laser）, it is described Laser impact intensified laser energy P3 may be such that residual stress hole occurs in untreated workpiece surface；Pressed simultaneously using PVDF Electric transducer carries out workpiece surface dynamic strain detection.
If step 3, PVDF piezoelectric transducers can't detect rarefaction wave, reduce micro- texture density, repeat step 1-2, directly To detecting rarefaction wave；If PVDF piezoelectric transducers detect rarefaction wave, increase micro- texture density, repeat step 1-2, until It can't detect rarefaction wave；Corresponding micro- texture density is used as the micro- texture processing of corresponding laser during just can't detect rarefaction wave The micro- texture density of minimum feasible under laser energy.As shown in Fig. 2-a, to detect the oscillogram of rarefaction wave.Fig. 2-b are not examine Measure the oscillogram of rarefaction wave.
The laser energy P0 of the micro- texture processing of step 4, adjustment laser, and repeat step 1-3, final obtain are swashed by micro- texture Several data pair that light energy and the micro- texture density of corresponding minimum feasible are formed, it is moderate to select micro- texture hole depth（For specific A kind of material for, micro- texture blind hole depth has a suitable scope, can be obtained by the method for experiment, can also Obtained by searching pertinent literature）, the minimum data pair of micro- texture density, impact laser energy and micro- texture as implementation Density.
Step 5, measurement carry out laser impact intensified rear sample loading area using K9 glass as restraint layer, with laser energy P3 Edge slides depth.In this example, the three-dimensional shaped of the three-dimensional micro- sem observation material of the super depth of field of Japanese Keyemce VHX 1000c is used Looks, determine that sample loading area edge slides depth.In this step, the sample loading area edge sliding depth for measuring acquisition is H1。
Step 6, using deionized water as restraint layer, adjust intensifying impact laser parameter so that after laser-impact sample load Edges of regions sliding depth is approximately equal to the sample loading area edge sliding depth in step 5.The preferable specific practice of this step It is：It is laser impact intensified using laser energy P4 progress, wherein, P1<P4<P3, measure and rushed by restraint layer laser of deionized water It is H2 to hit rear sample loading area edge sliding depth, if H2>H1 then selects laser energy as P4 '=P1+0.618* (P4-P1) Laser carry out intensifying impact experiment, if H2<H1 then selects laser energy P4 '=P4+0.618* (P3-P4) laser to carry out Intensifying impact is tested；Sample loading area edge slides depth H 2 ' after laser-impact, and constantly regulate rushes the energy that level strengthens laser Amount, until H2 ' ≈ H1.After the completion of step 6, measurement laser-impact region residual stress, it is strong that regulation is adjusted if skewness Change impact laser parameter, until surface residual stress is evenly distributed.As Fig. 3-a show the maximum remaining principal stress point of workpiece surface Butut, Fig. 3-b are distribution of principal stress figure more than workpiece surface Minimum Residual, and Fig. 3-c are distributed for workpiece surface remnants principal stress direction angles Figure.As we know from the figure：Its maximum remaining principal stress of sample is compression, and the fluctuation of principal stress direction angle curve is big, principal stress side Stress concentration is not easy to scattered.
Step 7, micro- texture prepared in workpiece surface with the impact laser of micro- the texture density and respective strengths that filter out, so Afterwards using deionized water as restraint layer, laser impact intensified, workpiece table is carried out to workpiece surface with the intensifying impact laser after regulation Face remnants principal stresses are the compression being evenly distributed, in the absence of " residual stress hole " phenomenon.
For different materials, optimal technological parameter can be different.For 7050 aerolites, in laser power For 5W, spot diameter is 1 μm, and pit distance is 110 μm, obtains ideal residual compressive stress.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiment.It is all to use equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation shape Into technical scheme, all fall within the protection domains of application claims.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of workpiece surface laser-impact technique for removing residual stress hole, remove the workpiece surface laser punching in residual stress hole Hit technique, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
Step 1, in workpiece surface the processing of laser micro- texture is carried out, for P0, micro- texture density is the laser energy that micro- texture uses B, the laser energy P0 of micro- texture scope are P1-P2；In step 1, micro- texture laser energy P0 scope is 0.2mj-1mJ, The spot size of laser is 1 μm, and micro- texture pit distance range is：0-140μm；
Step 2, laser impact intensified, the institute of workpiece surface progress treated using K9 glass as restraint layer to the micro- texture of laser Laser impact intensified laser energy P3 is stated, the energy may be such that residual stress hole occurs in untreated workpiece surface；Simultaneously Workpiece surface dynamic strain detection is carried out using PVDF piezoelectric transducers；
If step 3, the PVDF piezoelectric transducers pasted on surface can't detect rarefaction wave, reduce micro- texture density, repeat to walk Rapid 1-2, until detecting rarefaction wave；If PVDF piezoelectric transducers detect rarefaction wave, increase micro- texture density, repeat step 1-2, until can't detect rarefaction wave；Corresponding micro- texture density is micro- as corresponding laser during just can't detect rarefaction wave The micro- texture density of minimum feasible under texture processing laser energy；
The laser energy P0 of the micro- texture processing of step 4, adjustment laser, and repeat step 1-3, are finally obtained by micro- texture laser energy Several data pair that amount and the micro- texture density of corresponding minimum feasible are formed, select micro- texture hole depth moderate, micro- texture density Minimum data pair, laser energy and micro- texture density as micro- texture of implementation；
Step 5, measurement carry out laser impact intensified rear sample loading area edge using K9 glass as restraint layer, with laser energy P3 Slide depth；In step 5, the sample loading area edge sliding depth for measuring acquisition is H1；
It is step 6, laser impact intensified with laser energy P4 is carried out, wherein, P1<P4<P3, measure using deionized water as restraint layer Sample loading area edge sliding depth is H2 after laser-impact, if H2>H1 then selects laser energy as P4 '=P1+0.618* (P4-P1) laser carries out intensifying impact experiment, if H2<H1 then selects swashing for laser energy P4 '=P4+0.618* (P3-P4) Light carries out intensifying impact experiment；Sample loading area edge slides depth H 2 ' after laser-impact, and constantly regulate rushes level and strengthens laser Energy, until H2 ' ≈ H1；
Step 7, micro- texture prepared in workpiece surface with the micro- texture density and the laser of corresponding energy that filter out, then with go from Sub- water is restraint layer, workpiece surface is carried out with the laser parameter after regulation laser impact intensified.
2. the workpiece surface laser-impact technique according to claim 1 for removing residual stress hole, it is characterised in that：It is described Workpiece surface is polished into minute surface in advance.
3. the workpiece surface laser-impact technique according to claim 1 for removing residual stress hole, it is characterised in that：By The three-dimensional appearance of the Japanese three-dimensional micro- sem observation material of the super depth of field of Keyemce VHX 1000c, determines that sample loading area edge is slided Move depth.
4. the workpiece surface laser-impact technique according to claim 1 for removing residual stress hole, it is characterised in that：Step After the completion of 6, measurement laser-impact region residual stress, regulation intensifying impact laser parameter is adjusted if skewness, until Surface residual stress is evenly distributed.
5. the workpiece surface laser-impact technique according to claim 1 for removing residual stress hole, it is characterised in that：Step In 1, workpiece surface is heat-treated using optical fiber laser, prepares the micro- texture in surface.
6. the workpiece surface laser-impact technique according to claim 1 for removing residual stress hole, it is characterised in that：Step The mechanics effect of high-power laser induced shock waves in 2 using pulse laser is laser impact intensified to workpiece surface progress.
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CN103111752A (en) * 2013-01-14 2013-05-22 温州大学 Method and device for forming micro-texture in composite mode on inner surface of cylinder sleeve through laser
CN103614541A (en) * 2013-10-31 2014-03-05 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 Laser impact strengthening device aiming at workpiece surface and laser impact strengthening processing method

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CN110026686A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-07-19 广东工业大学 A kind of laser shock method, device and equipment
CN110026686B (en) * 2019-05-28 2021-07-02 广东工业大学 Laser impact method, device and equipment
CN111074061A (en) * 2020-01-07 2020-04-28 山东大学 Uniform surface strengthening method based on laser shock wave
CN111074061B (en) * 2020-01-07 2021-07-23 山东大学 Uniform surface strengthening method based on laser shock wave
CN113523708A (en) * 2021-08-24 2021-10-22 南通大学 Method and device for repairing tooth surface micro-contact fatigue damage
CN114295731A (en) * 2021-12-28 2022-04-08 杭州电子科技大学 Method for measuring depth of subsurface defect based on laser excitation longitudinal wave
CN114486032A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-05-13 中国航空制造技术研究院 Corner laser shock peening residual stress analysis method
CN115821027A (en) * 2022-10-25 2023-03-21 北京翔博科技股份有限公司 Method, device and equipment for eliminating residual stress based on laser ultrasound

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