CN111074061B - Uniform surface strengthening method based on laser shock wave - Google Patents

Uniform surface strengthening method based on laser shock wave Download PDF

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CN111074061B
CN111074061B CN202010014492.5A CN202010014492A CN111074061B CN 111074061 B CN111074061 B CN 111074061B CN 202010014492 A CN202010014492 A CN 202010014492A CN 111074061 B CN111074061 B CN 111074061B
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laser
layer
deionized water
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CN111074061A (en
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卢国鑫
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Shandong University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C21D10/005Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing

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Abstract

The invention relates to a uniform surface strengthening method based on laser shock waves, which comprises the following specific steps: the surface of a workpiece is sequentially clamped with an absorption layer and a constraint layer, a laser generator is arranged at a position opposite to the workpiece, the laser generator is positioned at one side close to the constraint layer of the workpiece and performs laser shock on the workpiece, the constraint layer is deionized water, and the thickness of the deionized water layer is 2-5 mm. The energy of the laser is 3-7J, the pulse width is 15-20ns, and the diameter of the light spot is 1-4 mm. The laser-induced cavitation effect is utilized to carry out secondary strengthening on the workpiece, and residual stress holes caused by laser plasma shock waves on the surface of the workpiece are inhibited or eliminated, so that the residual stress on the surface of the workpiece is uniformly distributed.

Description

Uniform surface strengthening method based on laser shock wave
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface strengthening treatment of metal materials, and particularly relates to a uniform surface strengthening method based on laser shock waves.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The pulsed laser can cause plasma explosion on the surface of the material, thereby forming impact pressure in the order of GPa. On this basis, researchers have developed advanced laser shock peening techniques. However, during the laser impact process, a "residual stress hole" phenomenon often occurs on the target surface, i.e., the geometric center of the laser beam has a small distribution of residual compressive stress, and even residual tensile stress occurs. The formation of "residual stress holes" leads to uneven distribution of residual stress on the surface of the material, which may adversely affect the service performance of the material.
At present, technicians need to adopt ways of adjusting the energy distribution characteristics of the pulse laser beam, changing the shape of the pulse laser beam and the like to inhibit the adverse effect of the residual stress hole in the actual operation process. However, the implementation of the above method requires the use of higher performance laser equipment or the reliance on secondary processing, and is less feasible. How to improve and perfect under the prior art condition so as to inhibit the occurrence of the phenomenon of uneven distribution of residual stress is a problem to be solved by technical personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for strengthening a uniform surface based on a laser shock wave. The invention provides a solution which does not reduce the processing efficiency and does not weaken the strengthening effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical principle of the invention is as follows:
the pulse laser can form high-temperature and high-pressure plasma in a short time under the condition, and the plasma explodes in a limited space to form shock waves, so that the material is strengthened.
When the pulse laser beam is incident into the liquid, a 'cavitation' effect can be formed, namely, the pulse laser induces cavitation bubbles to form, and the cavitation bubbles explode in a short time to form shock waves. In the laser impact process using deionized water as a constraint medium, a higher-degree cavitation effect is generated on the metal surface of the target material by adjusting the thickness of the constraint layer and the like, so that the geometric center of a pulse laser beam can be secondarily strengthened by using secondary shock waves generated by cavitation bubble explosion. Based on the above, when the shock wave generated by the pulsed laser plasma explosion causes the formation of the "residual stress hole", the secondary shock caused by the cavitation effect can positively affect the suppression or elimination of the "residual stress hole".
The surface strengthening process of the invention comprises the following steps: the pulse laser reaches the surface of a workpiece to form high-temperature high-pressure plasma, and the plasma explodes in a limited space to form shock waves to strengthen materials; and then, generating cavitation bubbles in the deionized water layer of the laser-induced constraint layer, wherein the cavitation bubbles reach the surface of the workpiece, and performing secondary strengthening on the surface of the workpiece. The time of the laser reaching the surface of the workpiece is ns magnitude, and the time of the cavitation bubbles reaching the surface of the workpiece is μ s magnitude, so that the time of the cavitation bubbles reaching the surface of the workpiece is relatively delayed. Therefore, the workpiece is strengthened for the second time, and the residual stress hole generated by the first strengthening on the surface of the workpiece is eliminated.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, a method for strengthening a uniform surface based on laser shock waves comprises the following specific steps:
1. clamping and pretreating a part to be strengthened, wherein the clamping and pretreatment comprise the clamping of the part to be strengthened on laser shock treatment equipment, the coating of a surface absorption layer to be strengthened and the like;
clamping an absorption layer on the surface of a workpiece, and arranging a laser generator at a position opposite to the workpiece, wherein the laser generator is positioned at one side close to a workpiece restraint layer;
2. quantitative control of the thickness I of the constraining layer0
The restraint layer is deionized water, and the thickness of the deionized water layer is 2-5 mm.
The thickness of the deionized water layer is not less than 2mm, so that the technical environment of forming cavitation bubbles by pulse laser is created; the thickness of the deionized water layer is not more than 5mm, so as to control the intensity loss of the pulse laser plasma shock wave.
It should be noted that, one of the conditions for the pulse laser to form the cavitation effect in the liquid is that the pulse laser has a better focus at a certain depth inside the liquid, so that when the thicknesses of the constraining layers on the surface of the target to be strengthened are different, the intensities of the secondary shock waves formed by the explosion of the cavitation bubbles are obviously different. An appropriate thickness of the confinement layer may result in the correct cavitation shock wave intensity to weaken or eliminate the "residual stress hole" caused by the pulsed laser induced plasma shock wave.
The step requires technicians to adjust the thickness of the constraint layer within the range of 2-5mm for multiple times, detect the residual stress distribution of the surface of the target obtained under each test condition, and determine the thickness of the constraint layer with the weakest residual stress hole phenomenon as the proper thickness I of the constraint layer after comparative analysis0
3. And carrying out laser shock treatment on the part to be strengthened.
The laser shock treatment adopts the thickness I of the restraint layer determined in the previous step0The weakest phenomenon of residual stress hole is obtained under the condition.
Compared with the existing method for strengthening the surface of the workpiece by simply inducing the deionized water to generate cavitation bubbles, the method disclosed by the invention is different in that the laser can not only penetrate through the deionized water layer to form high-temperature high-pressure plasma, but also can generate the cavitation bubbles in the process of penetrating through the ionic water layer because the restraint layer with the specific thickness is utilized.
In some embodiments, the confinement layer is a flowing water film on the surface of the workpiece or a transparent vessel is arranged on the surface of the workpiece, and the interior of the transparent vessel is filled with deionized water. The formation of the confinement layer mainly comprises forming a deionized water layer with a specific thickness. The main purpose of the constraint layer is to constrain the propagation direction of the plasma shock wave so that the plasma shock wave is not diffused to the outer surface of the target material; in addition, the adoption of the deionized water restraint layer also aims at creating a forming condition of a cavitation effect, so that cavitation bubbles are formed in the deionized water restraint layer.
The inventor finds that the deionized water layer with a specific thickness has a better secondary strengthening effect, and the plasma shock wave effect and the cavitation bubble effect of the pulse laser can simultaneously realize the condition that the thickness of the deionized water layer is in a specific range.
In some embodiments, the absorbing layer is a black paint or black tape. The absorption layer is used for gasifying under the action of pulse laser and forming high-temperature high-pressure plasma. Preferably, the thickness of the absorption layer is 1mm or less.
In some embodiments, the laser has an energy of 3-7J, a pulse width of 15-20ns, and a spot diameter of 1-4 mm.
In a second aspect, the surface strengthening method is applied to surface strengthening of aviation thin-wall components.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior method for carrying out surface treatment by only utilizing laser or carrying out treatment by inducing water to generate cavitation bubbles by utilizing laser, the method for carrying out surface strengthening treatment on the metal material by utilizing the method can eliminate residual stress holes left after the surface of the workpiece is processed. The residual stress on the surface of the workpiece is uniformly distributed, and the improvement of the service performances of the workpiece, such as corrosion, fatigue and the like, is facilitated.
Under the condition that the phenomenon of the residual stress hole is not obvious, technicians can also adopt the method to adjust the thickness of the liquid restraint layer so as to realize stronger cavitation effect, and finally the effect of carrying out composite reinforcement on the material to be reinforced is achieved. The composite reinforcement technology achieves the process goal of enhancing the laser shock treatment effect to the maximum extent under the condition of low (no) cost adjustment of process parameters.
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The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a process comparison of the treatment process of the present invention and comparative example 1;
the laser device comprises a laser beam, a first constraint layer, a second constraint layer, an absorption layer, a first residual stress hole, a second laser beam, a first residual stress distribution, a second residual stress distribution, a first residual stress hole, a second residual stress hole, a first laser beam shock wave, a first laser beam, a second laser beam, a first constraint layer, a second laser beam, a first constraint layer, a second stress hole, and a second residual stress distribution.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the workpiece is 304 austenitic stainless steel material. Selecting a 3M adhesive tape with the thickness of 0.1mm as an absorption layer, wherein the parameters of the used pulse laser beam 1 are as follows: wavelength 1064nm, energy 6J, pulse width 18ns, circular beam and diameter 3 mm. The second constrained layer 10 is a deionized water curtain with a thickness of 2.5mm, and the specific setting method is to change the flow rate of water flow and the flow rate per unit area.
And carrying out single-point single laser shock treatment on the target metal material by adopting the test parameters, and testing the residual stress on the surface of the material by adopting an X-ray diffraction method after the laser shock treatment is finished. The test conditions were: adopting CrK beta target, wherein the tube pressure and the tube flow of the X-ray tube are respectively 26kV and 8mA, and the counting time is 10 s; to obtain a more accurate distribution trend, the diameter of the X-ray collimator is chosen to be 0.5 mm. The test result shows that the residual stress value of the central position of the laser beam irradiation area is lower than 30% of the average residual stress of the bottom of the irradiation area compared with the edge, namely no obvious residual stress hole is found.
The specific process and reasons are as follows: the thickness of the material surface deionized water 10 meets the condition that the laser forms a cavitation effect on the underwater material surface, so that after the second laser beam 9 acts on the material surface for a certain time (ns magnitude), cavitation bubbles 11 are formed on the material surface to be strengthened, and the cavitation bubbles explode in a short time (mus magnitude) to form MPa magnitude cavitation bubble shock waves 12 acting on the material surface; under the action of cavitation effect, the action range 13 of the second laser beam on the surface of the material to be strengthened maintains a uniform second residual compressive stress distribution 14, and the 'residual stress hole' in the central region of the beam is suppressed.
Comparative example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the workpiece is 304 austenitic stainless steel material. A 3M adhesive tape with a thickness of 0.1mm is selected as the absorption layer 3, and the parameters of the used pulse laser are respectively as follows: wavelength 1064nm, energy 6J, pulse width 18ns, circular beam and diameter 3 mm. The curtain of deionized water is the first constraining layer 2, its thickness is 1 mm.
In the laser shock treatment process, high-energy pulse laser, namely a first laser beam 1, forms high-temperature and high-pressure plasma on the surface of a material, and the plasma 4 explodes in an ultrashort time (ns magnitude) to form a GPa magnitude laser shock wave 5 acting on the surface of the material; the method comprises the steps of carrying out residual stress detection on the surface of a target material by an X-ray diffraction method, and finding out that under the action of laser plasma shock waves 5, a first residual compressive stress distribution 7 is formed in a first laser beam action range 6 of the surface of the material to be strengthened, the numerical difference of the residual stress of the central position and the edge position of a beam is larger than 30% of the average residual stress of the bottom of a laser beam irradiation area, so that an obvious 'residual stress hole' 8 phenomenon can be generated, and the analysis reason is that the shock wave intensity generated by the cavitation effect of pulse laser in a constraint layer is low, and the 'residual stress hole' cannot be fully inhibited from being formed.
The embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 can obtain that the workpiece is subjected to secondary strengthening treatment by adjusting the thickness of the deionized water of the restraint layer. An appropriate thickness of the confinement layer may result in the correct cavitation shock wave intensity to weaken or eliminate the "residual stress hole" caused by the pulsed laser induced plasma shock wave. When the thickness of the constraint layer is smaller than that of the constraint layer, the laser cannot induce cavitation bubble, and only laser plasma shock waves are used for processing the surface of the workpiece; when the thickness of the confinement layer is too high, the effect of the laser plasma shock wave is attenuated, and the effect of the surface treatment is lost.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A uniform surface strengthening method based on laser shock waves is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) clamping and pretreating a part to be strengthened, wherein the clamping and pretreatment comprise the clamping of the part to be strengthened on laser shock treatment equipment, the coating of a surface absorption layer to be strengthened and the like;
clamping an absorption layer on the surface of a workpiece, and arranging a laser generator at a position opposite to the workpiece, wherein the laser generator is positioned at one side close to a workpiece restraint layer;
(2) quantitative control of the thickness I of the constraining layer0
The restraint layer is deionized water, and the thickness of the deionized water layer is 2.5 mm;
(3) carrying out laser shock treatment on the part to be strengthened;
the constraint layer is a flowing water film on the surface of the workpiece or a transparent vessel is arranged on the surface of the workpiece, and deionized water is filled in the transparent vessel;
the absorption layer is black paint or black adhesive tape;
the thickness of the absorption layer is 0.1 mm;
the energy of the laser is 6J, the pulse width is 18ns, and the diameter of a light spot is 3 mm;
the workpiece is 304 austenitic stainless steel material.
2. Use of the laser shock wave based uniform surface strengthening method of claim 1 for surface strengthening of aerospace thin-walled components.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112501425B (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-08-27 山东大学 Laser surface strengthening method with inverse Gaussian distribution shock wave intensity
CN113046546B (en) * 2021-02-24 2022-02-11 山东大学 Laser impact cavitation effect control method based on liquid confinement layer characteristic adjustment and application thereof
CN113025809B (en) * 2021-02-24 2022-02-01 山东大学 Single-beam double-physical-effect coordinated distribution method suitable for uniform laser shock and application thereof
CN113234918B (en) * 2021-03-25 2022-02-18 山东大学 Double-physical-effect pulse laser impact method with defocusing amount

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CN101701282A (en) * 2009-10-30 2010-05-05 江苏大学 Method for strengthening complex surface based on laser shock wave technology and device thereof
CN105097381A (en) * 2014-05-06 2015-11-25 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 Laser shock life-prolonging method of tungsten electrode of short-arc lamp
CN105349736A (en) * 2015-11-22 2016-02-24 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 Crack initiation and expansion method in restraint structural component based on laser shock peening
CN105463179A (en) * 2015-11-22 2016-04-06 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 Metal surface nanometer powder permeating method based on laser induction shock waves
CN107841616A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-03-27 广东工业大学 A kind of method and system of reinforcing stimulus blade
CN107858501A (en) * 2016-10-09 2018-03-30 南通大学 A kind of workpiece surface laser-impact technique for removing residual stress hole
CN110026686A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-07-19 广东工业大学 A kind of laser shock method, device and equipment

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101126117A (en) * 2007-08-22 2008-02-20 中国航空工业第一集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 Laser impact processing method for hole structure
CN101701282A (en) * 2009-10-30 2010-05-05 江苏大学 Method for strengthening complex surface based on laser shock wave technology and device thereof
CN105097381A (en) * 2014-05-06 2015-11-25 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 Laser shock life-prolonging method of tungsten electrode of short-arc lamp
CN105349736A (en) * 2015-11-22 2016-02-24 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 Crack initiation and expansion method in restraint structural component based on laser shock peening
CN105463179A (en) * 2015-11-22 2016-04-06 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 Metal surface nanometer powder permeating method based on laser induction shock waves
CN107858501A (en) * 2016-10-09 2018-03-30 南通大学 A kind of workpiece surface laser-impact technique for removing residual stress hole
CN107841616A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-03-27 广东工业大学 A kind of method and system of reinforcing stimulus blade
CN110026686A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-07-19 广东工业大学 A kind of laser shock method, device and equipment

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Application publication date: 20200428

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Denomination of invention: A Uniform Surface Strengthening Method Based on Laser Shock Wave

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Record date: 20240611