CN110022881A - Cd73介导的免疫抑制的抑制剂 - Google Patents
Cd73介导的免疫抑制的抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110022881A CN110022881A CN201780071772.6A CN201780071772A CN110022881A CN 110022881 A CN110022881 A CN 110022881A CN 201780071772 A CN201780071772 A CN 201780071772A CN 110022881 A CN110022881 A CN 110022881A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/23—Heterocyclic radicals containing two or more heterocyclic rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, not provided for in groups C07H19/14 - C07H19/22
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Abstract
本文描述了通过5'‑核苷酸酶,ecto调节AMP转化为腺苷的化合物,以及含有所述化合物的组合物和合成所述化合物的方法。还提供了这些化合物和组合物用于治疗和/或预防5'‑核苷酸酶、ecto介导的多种疾病、病症和症状(包括癌症和免疫相关病症)的用途。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2016年11月18日交的美国临时申请号No.62/424,241优先权的权益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
关于在联邦政府资助的研究和开发下发明的权利的声明
不适用
光盘上提交的“顺序列表”、表格或计算机程序列表附录的引用
不适用
背景技术
嘌呤的信号传导,是一种由嘌呤核苷酸和核苷(如ATP和腺苷)介导的细胞外信号传导,其涉及细胞和/或附近细胞中嘌呤受体的激活,从而起到细胞功能调节。大多数细胞具有释放核苷酸的能力,通常通过调节胞吐作用发生(参见Praetorius,H.A.;Leipziger,J.(2010年3月1日)生理学年度报告(AnnRevPhysiology)72(1):377–393)。释放的核苷酸随后可被多种细胞膜结合酶(称为胞外核苷酸酶(ectonucleotidases))胞外水解。
胞外核苷酸酶催化ATP转化为腺苷,其为一种影响多种系统的内源性调节剂,包括免疫系统,心血管系统,中枢神经系统和呼吸系统。腺苷还促进多种组织中的纤维化。在产生腺苷的第一步中,外切核苷三磷酸二磷酸水解酶1(ENTPD1),也称为CD39(分化簇39),将ATP水解为ADP,然后将ADP水解为AMP。在下一步中,AMP通过5'-核苷酸酶(ecto(NT5E或5NT),也称为CD73(分化簇73))转化为腺苷。
CD39和CD73的酶活性在衡量递送至各种细胞(例如免疫细胞)的嘌呤能信号的持续时间,大小和化学性质中发挥重要作用。这些酶活性的改变可以改变病程或决定几种病理生理事件的结果,包括癌症,自身免疫疾病,感染,动脉粥样硬化和缺血再灌注损伤,这表明这些胞外酶代表治疗各种疾病的新治疗靶点。
用单克隆抗体,siRNA或小分子抑制CD73从而延迟肿瘤生长和转移(Stagg,J.(2010)美国科学院院报(PNAS)U.S.A.107:1547-52)。例如,显示抗CD73抗体疗法在动物模型中抑制乳腺肿瘤生长和转移(Stagg,J.(2010年1月26日)美国科学院院报(PNAS)U.S.A,107(4):1547-52)。此外,已经评估了使用特异性结合CD73的抗体治疗出血性疾病(例如血友病)(美国专利号9,090,697)。最近,已经进行了若干努力来开发治疗上有用的CD73小分子抑制剂。例如,Bhattarai等人((2015)药物化学杂志(J Med Chem)58:6248-63)已经研究了α,β-亚甲基-ADP(AOPCP)的衍生物和类似物,其是已知的代谢最稳定、有效且选择性的CD73抑制剂之一,并且嘌呤CD73衍生物已在专利文献(WO2015/164573)中被报道。然而,由于例如低于理想的代谢稳定性,小分子的发展受到阻碍。
鉴于CD73在癌症以及各种其它相关疾病、病症和症状中所起的作用,和目前缺乏可供医疗从业者使用的CD73抑制剂,需要新的CD73抑制剂,以及与之相关的组合物和方法。
发明简要内容
本发明涉及通过5'-核苷酸酶,ecto(NT5E或5NT;也称为CD73)调节AMP向腺苷的转化的化合物,和包含所述化合物的组合物(例如药物组合物)。下面详细描述这些化合物,包括它们的合成方法和组合物。
本发明还涉及这些化合物和组合物用于治疗和/或预防由CD73全部或部分介导的多种相关疾病、病症和症状的用途。CD73抑制剂与多种疾病的治疗有关,包括癌症,纤维化,神经和神经退行性疾病(如抑郁症和帕金森病),脑和心脏缺血性疾病,免疫相关疾病和包括炎症成分的疾病。[参见,例如,Sorrentino等人.(2013)肿瘤免疫学(OncoImmunol),2:e22448,doi:10.4161/onci.22448;和Regateiro.(2012)临床实验免疫学(Clin.Exp.Immunol),171:1-7]。在具体的实施方案中,本文所述的化合物起到抑制CD73的免疫抑制活性和/或抗炎活性的作用,并且当需要这种抑制时可用作治疗或预防疗法。除非另有说明,当本文描述了本发明化合物的用途时,应理解这些化合物可以是组合物的形式(例如,药物组合物)。
如本文所用,术语“CD73抑制剂”,“CD73阻断剂”,“腺苷5'-核苷酸酶,胞外抑制剂”,“NT5E抑制剂”,“5NT抑制剂”和所有其它相关的本领域接受的术语是指能够在体外分析、体内模型和/或指示治疗功效的其它方法中能够直接或间接调节CD73受体的化合物。该术语还指在人受试者中表现出至少一些治疗益处的化合物。
虽然认为本发明化合物通过抑制CD73来影响它们的活性,但是实施本发明并不需要精确理解化合物的潜在作用机理。例如,化合物还可以通过调节(例如抑制)嘌呤能信号传导途径的其它组分(例如CD39)来至少部分地影响它们的活性。嘌呤能信号系统由转运蛋白,酶和受体组成,它们(主要地)负责ATP及其细胞外分解产物腺苷的合成,释放,作用和细胞外失活(Sperlagh,B等.(2012年12月)神经生理药学(NeuropsychopharmacologiaHungarica)14(4):231-38)。因为CD73的抑制导致腺苷减少,所以CD73抑制剂可用于治疗由腺苷介导的疾病或病症及其对腺苷受体的作用,包括A1,A2A,A2B和A3。[参见Yegutkin,GG(2008年5月)生物化学生物生理学(BiochimicaBiophysicaActa)1783(5):673-94]。
出于本公开的目的,嘌呤能信号传导过程可以描述为包括以下组分。嘌呤能受体(P1,P2X和P2Y)是第一个成分,是介导各种生理功能(例如,肠道平滑肌松弛)的膜受体,作为对ATP或腺苷释放的反应;一般来说,所有细胞具有将核苷酸释放到细胞外环境中的能力,通常通过调节的胞吐作用。核苷转运蛋白(NTs)是第二种成分,是跨膜细胞膜转运核苷底物(例如腺苷)的膜转运蛋白。腺苷的细胞外浓度可以通过NTs调节,可能以连接受体信号传导与转运蛋白功能的反馈环的形式。如前所述,外核苷酸酶(CD73和CD39)水解释放到细胞外环境中的核苷酸并包含另外的组分。嘌呤能信号传导过程的另一个组成部分包括泛连接蛋白(pannexins);特别是,泛连接蛋白-1(pannexins-1)通道(PANX1)是P2X/P2Y嘌呤能信号通路的组成部分,也是病理生理ATP释放的关键因素。
在一个具体方面,本发明提供具有式(I)的化合物:
R1a和R1b各自独立地选自氢,任选取代的C1-C6烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的-C(R2aR2b)-芳基、-C(R2aR2b)-OC(O)-OR3、-C(R2aR2b)-OC(O)R3、和-C(R2aR2b)C(O)OR3;
任选地,R1a和R1b基团结合形成5-至6-元杂环;
各个R2a和R2b独立地选自H和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;
各个R3独立地选自H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧基(C1-C4)烷基和任选取代的芳基;
R5a和R5b各自独立地选自H、任选取代的C1-C6烷基、-C(O)OR3、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C6)烷基芳基(C1-C6)烷基、C3-C6环烷基和芳基;
各个X选自O、NH和S;
A选自:
其中各个取代基任选被1至5个R6取代基取代,且其中下标n为0至3的整数;
Z选自NH、NR6和O;
各个R6独立地选自CH3、ORg、CN、F和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;或相邻环顶点上的两个R6基团任选地连接在一起形成具有至少一个杂原子作为环顶点的5-至6-元环;和
Het选自下组:
其中波浪线表示与化合物其余部分的连接点,
其中各个G,当存在时,各自独立地选自N和CRe,和其中:
Ra选自H、NH2、NHR7a、NHC(O)R7a、NR7aR7b、R7a、OH、SR7a和OR7a;
Rb选自H、卤素、NH2、NHR7a、NR7aR7b、R7a、OH和OR7a;
Rc和Rd独立地选自H、卤素、卤代烷基、NH2、NHR7a、NR7aR7b、R7a、OH、OR7a、SR7a、SO2R7a、-X1-NH2、-X1-NHR7a、-X1-NR7aR7b、-X1-OH、-X1-OR7a、-X1-SR7a和-X1-SO2R7a;
各个Re独立地选自H、卤素和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;
各个Rg独立地选自H和-C(O)-C1-C6烷基-;
各个X1为C1-C4亚烷基;和
各个R7a和R7b独立地选自任选取代的C1-C10烷基、任选取代的C2-C10烯基、任选取代的C2-C10炔基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的4-7元杂环烷基、任选取代的4-7元杂环烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的芳基C2-C4烯基、任选取代的芳基C2-C4炔基、任选取代的杂芳基、任选取代的杂芳基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的杂芳基C1-C4烯基和任选取代的杂芳基C2-C4炔基;或当R7a和R7b与相同的氮原子连接时,任选地连接在一起形成4-至7-元杂环,任选与芳环稠合。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提出在受试者(例如人)中治疗或预防癌症的方法,包括向受试者施用治疗有效量的至少一种本文所述的CD73抑制剂。本发明包括通过向受试者施用逆转或阻止CD73介导的免疫抑制的进展有效量的CD73抑制剂来治疗或预防受试者中的癌症的方法。在一些实施方案中,CD73介导的免疫抑制由抗原呈递细胞(APC)介导。
使用本文所述的化合物和组合物治疗的癌症的实例包括但不限于:前列腺癌、结肠直肠癌、胰腺癌、宫颈癌、胃癌、子宫内膜癌、脑癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、卵巢癌、睾丸癌、头癌、颈癌、皮肤癌(包括黑色素瘤和基底癌)、间皮癌、白细胞(包括淋巴瘤和白血病)、食道癌、乳腺癌、肌肉癌、结缔组织癌、肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌和非小细胞癌)、肾上腺癌、甲状腺癌、肾癌或骨骼癌;胶质母细胞瘤、间皮瘤、肾细胞癌、胃癌、肉瘤、绒毛膜癌、皮肤基底细胞癌和睾丸精原细胞瘤。在本发明的一些实施方案中、癌症是黑素瘤、结肠癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、白血病、脑肿瘤、淋巴瘤、肉瘤、卵巢癌或卡波西氏肉瘤。下文进一步讨论作为用本发明化合物和组合物治疗的候选者的癌症。
本发明涉及治疗接受骨髓移植或外周血干细胞移植的受试者的方法,所述方法包括给予足以增加对肿瘤抗原的迟发型超敏反应延迟复发时间移植后恶性肿瘤,增加移植后无复发生存时间,和/或增加移植后长期存活率的治疗有效量的CD73抑制剂。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提出用于治疗或预防受试者(例如人)中的感染性疾病(例如,病毒感染)的方法,包括向受试者施用治疗有效量的至少一种CD73抑制剂(例如,本发明的新型抑制剂)。在一些实施方案中,感染性疾病为病毒感染(例如,慢性病毒感染),细菌感染,真菌感染或寄生虫感染。在某些实施方案中,病毒感染为人免疫缺陷病毒或巨细胞病毒。
在其它实施方案中,本发明提出用至少一种本发明的CD73抑制剂治疗和/或预防免疫相关疾病、病症和症状的方法;具有炎症成分的疾病;以及与前述相关的疾病。以下描述免疫相关疾病、病症和症状的实例。
通过调节CD73活性可以全部或部分治疗或预防的其它相关疾病、病症和症状是本发明CD73抑制剂化合物的候选适应症。
本发明还提出本文所述的CD73抑制剂与一种或多种其它的药剂组合的用途。一种或多种其它的药剂可具有一些CD73调节活性和/或它们可通过不同的作用机制起作用。在一些实施方案中,此类药剂包括辐射(例如,局部放射疗法或全身放射疗法)和/或非药理学性质的其它治疗方式。当使用组合疗法时,CD73抑制剂和一种其它的药剂可以是单一组合物或多种组合物的形式,并且治疗方式可以同时、顺序或通过一些其它方案给药。举例来说,本发明考虑了一种治疗方案,其中辐射期之后进行化学治疗期。联合治疗可以具有累加或协同效应。以下描述联合治疗的其它益处。
在一些实施方案中,本发明还包括本文所述的CD73抑制剂与骨髓移植,外周血干细胞移植或其它类型的移植疗法的组合的用途。
在特定的实施方案中,本发明提出了本文所述的CD73功能抑制剂与免疫检查点抑制剂组合的用途。导致抗原特异性T细胞应答的扩增的免疫检查点的阻断已被证明是一种有前途的癌症治疗方法。免疫检查点(配体和受体)的一些例子,其中一些在各种类型的肿瘤细胞中被选择性上调,是阻断的候选者,包括PD1(程序性细胞死亡蛋白1);PDL1(PD1配体);BTLA(B和T淋巴细胞衰减剂);CTLA4(细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4);TIM3(T细胞膜蛋白3);LAG3(淋巴细胞活化基因3);A2aR(腺苷A2a受体A2aR);和杀手抑制受体。免疫检查点抑制剂及其组合疗法在本文其它地方详细讨论。
在其它实施方案中,本发明提供治疗受试者癌症的方法,包括向受试者施用治疗有效量的至少一种CD73抑制剂和至少一种化学治疗剂,所述试剂包括但不限于烷化剂(例如,氮芥类如苯丁酸氮芥、环磷酰胺、异氟胺、氮芥、美法仑、和尿嘧啶氮芥;氮丙啶类如塞替派;甲磺酸盐酯例如白消安;核苷类似物(例如,吉西他滨);亚硝基脲如卡莫司汀,洛莫司汀,和链脲佐菌素;拓扑异构酶1抑制剂(例如伊立替康);铂络合物,例如顺铂和卡铂;生物还原性烷化剂,例如丝裂霉素、丙卡巴肼、达卡巴嗪和六甲蜜胺);DNA链断裂剂(例如博来霉素);拓扑异构酶II抑制剂(例如,安吖啶、放线菌素D、柔红霉素、伊达比星、米托蒽醌、多柔比星、依托泊苷和替尼泊苷);DNA小沟结合剂(例如,普卡霉素);抗代谢物(例如,叶酸拮抗剂例如甲氨蝶呤和三甲曲沙;嘧啶拮抗剂,例如氟尿嘧啶、氟脱氧尿苷、CB3717、阿扎胞苷、阿糖胞苷、和氟尿苷;嘌呤拮抗剂如巯基嘌呤、6-硫鸟嘌呤、氟达拉滨、喷司他丁;天冬酰胺酶;和核糖核苷酸还原酶抑制剂,例如羟基脲);微管蛋白相互作用剂(例如长春新碱、雌莫司汀、长春碱、多西紫杉醇、埃坡霉素衍生物和紫杉醇);激素剂(例如,雌激素;偶联雌激素;乙炔基雌二醇;己烯雌酚;氯烯雌酚醚;二烯雌酚(idenestrol);孕激素,如己酸羟孕酮,醋酸甲羟孕酮,和甲地孕酮;以及雄激素、如睾酮、丙酸睾酮、氟甲睾酮、和甲基睾酮);肾上腺皮质类固醇(如强的松、地塞米松、甲基强的松龙和泼尼松龙);促黄体激素释放剂或促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂(例如醋酸亮丙瑞林和醋酸戈舍瑞林);和抗激素抗原(例如他莫昔芬,抗雄激素剂如氟他胺;和抗肾上腺剂如米托坦和氨基戊二酰亚胺)。本发明还提供CD73抑制剂与本领域已知的其它试剂(例如,三氧化二砷)和将来可能开发的其它化学治疗剂的组合的用途。
在用于治疗癌症的方法的一些实施方案中,治疗有效量的CD73抑制剂与至少一种化学治疗剂的组合的施用导致癌症存活率大于通过单独施用任一种药剂观察到的癌症存活率。在用于治疗癌症的方法的进一步的实施方案中,治疗有效量的CD73抑制剂与至少一种化学治疗剂的组合的施用导致肿瘤尺寸的减小或肿瘤生长的减慢大于通过单独给予任一种药剂观察到肿瘤尺寸和肿瘤生长的减少。
在进一步的实施方案中,本发明提供治疗或预防受试者癌症的方法,包括给受试者施用治疗有效量的至少一种CD73抑制剂和至少一种信号转导抑制剂(STI)。在一个具体实施方案中,所述至少一种STI选自bcr/abl激酶抑制剂、表皮生长因子(EGF)受体抑制剂、her-2/neu受体抑制剂和法尼基转移酶抑制剂(FTI)。其它候选STI药剂在本文其它地方阐述。
本发明还提供增强受试者肿瘤细胞排斥的方法,包括联合给予CD73抑制剂和至少一种化学治疗剂和/或放射疗法,其中所得到的肿瘤细胞抗性大于仅通过给予CD73抑制剂、化学治疗剂或辐射疗法获得的抗性。
在进一步的实施方案中,本发明提供了治疗受试者的癌症的方法,包括给受试者施用治疗有效量的至少一种CD73抑制剂和至少一种除CD73抑制剂之外的免疫调节剂。
本发明提供包含用于治疗或预防受试者(例如人)的感染性疾病(例如病毒感染)的方法的实施方案,其包括向受试者施用治疗有效量的至少一种CD73抑制剂和治疗有效量的抗感染剂(例如一种或多种抗微生物剂)。
在其它的实施方案中,通过联合施用疫苗与施用治疗有效量的本发明的CD73抑制剂来治疗感染性疾病。在一些实施方案中,疫苗是抗病毒疫苗,包括例如抗HIV疫苗。在其它实施方案中,疫苗对结核病或疟疾有效。在其它实施方案中,疫苗是肿瘤疫苗(例如,对黑素瘤有效的疫苗);肿瘤疫苗可包含遗传修饰的肿瘤细胞或遗传修饰的细胞系,包括经遗传修饰的肿瘤细胞或已被转染从而表达粒细胞-巨噬细胞刺激因子(GM-CSF)的遗传修饰的细胞系。在特定的实施方案中,疫苗包括一种或多种免疫原性肽和/或树突细胞。
在通过施用CD73抑制剂和至少一种其它治疗剂来治疗感染的某些实施方案中,在施用CD73抑制剂和其它的治疗剂后观察到的感染症状比单独用药后观察到的相同感染症状得到改善。在一些实施方案中,观察到的感染症状可以是病毒载量的减少、CD4+T细胞计数的增加、机会性感染的减少、存活时间的增加、慢性感染的根除或其组合。
附图简要说明
图1显示细胞外嘌呤能信号传导的简化表示。
本发明的详细描述
在进一步描述本发明之前,应理解本发明不限于本文所述的特定实施方案,并且还应理解,本文使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施方案的目的,和不是限制性的。
在提供数值范围的情况下,应理解的是,除非上下文另有明确规定,否则在该范围的上限和下限与该规定范围内的任何其它规定的或中间的值之间的各个中间值(至下限单位的十分之一)包含在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可以独立地包括在较小范围内,并且也包括在本发明内,受所述范围内的任何特别排除的限制。在所述范围包括一个或两个限制的情况下,不包括其中一个或两个包括的限制的范围也包括在本发明中。除非其它定义,否则本文所用的所有技术和科学术语的含义与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同。
必须注意的是,如本文和所附权利要求中所使用的,单数形式“一”,“一个”和“该”包括复数,除非上下文另有明确说明。还应注意,可以起草权利要求以排除任何可选要素。因此,该陈述旨在作为使用诸如“单独”,“仅”等与排除权利要求要素或使用“否定”限制之类的专有术语的先行基础。
本文所讨论的出版物仅供在本申请的申请日之前披露。此外,所提供的出版日期可能与实际出版日期不同,可能需要单独确认。
概括
被诊断患有癌症的受试者数量和归因于癌症的死亡人数继续增加。包括化学疗法和放射疗法的传统治疗方法通常患者难以耐受并且随着癌症(例如肿瘤)避开此类治疗的进展变得不那么有效。最近的实验证据表明,CD73抑制剂可能是癌症(如乳腺癌)治疗的一种重要的新的治疗方式。
有前景的数据也支持CD73功能抑制剂抑制CD73的抗炎活性和/或CD73的免疫抑制活性的作用,因此CD73抑制剂可用于治疗例如免疫抑制疾病(例如,HIV和AID)。对于患有神经病或神经精神疾病或病症如抑郁症的患者,CD73的抑制也可以是一种重要的治疗策略。
本发明尤其涉及具有CD73抑制活性的小分子化合物,及其组合物,以及使用该化合物和组合物治疗和预防本文所述相关疾病、病症和症状的方法。
定义
除非另有说明,否则以下术语旨在具有下述含义。其它术语在整个说明书中定义。
除非另有说明,术语“烷基”,其本身或作为另一取代基的一部分,是指具有指定碳原子数的直链或支链烃基(即C1-8指1-8个碳原子)。烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基等。
术语“环烷基”是指具有指定数目的环原子(例如,C3-6环烷基)且在环顶点之间完全饱和或具有不超过一个双键的烃环。“环烷基”还意指双环和多环烃环,例如双环[2.2.1]庚烷,双环[2.2.2]辛烷等。
术语“杂环烷基”是指具有指定数目的环顶点(或成员)并具有1至5个选自N、O和S杂原子的环烷基环,杂原子取代1至5个碳顶点,并且其中氮和硫原子任选被氧化,氮原子任选被季铵化。杂环烷基可以是单环、双环或多环环系。杂环烷基的非限制性实例包括吡咯烷、咪唑烷、吡唑烷、丁内酰胺、戊内酰胺、咪唑烷酮、乙内酰脲、二氧戊环、邻苯二甲酰亚胺、哌啶、1、4-二恶烷、吗啉、硫代吗啉、硫代吗啉-S-氧化物、硫代吗啉-S,S-氧化物、哌嗪、吡喃、吡啶酮、3-吡咯啉、噻喃、吡喃酮、四氢呋喃、四氢噻吩、奎宁环等。杂环烷基可以通过环碳或杂原子与分子的其余部分连接。
如本文所用,在本文所述的任何化学结构中与单键,双键或三键相交的波浪线表示单键,双键或三键与分子其余部分的点连接。另外,延伸到环中心的键(例如,苯环)是指在任何能够环顶点处的连接。本领域技术人员将理解,连接至环的多个取代基将占据环顶点,其提供稳定的化合物并且在其它方面是空间相容的。对于二价成分,表示包括方向(正向或反向)。例如,“-C(O)NH-”指包括任一方向的连接:-C(O)NH-或-NHC(O)-,类似地,“-OCH2CH2-”-指包括-OCH2CH2-和-CH2CH2O-。
术语“烷氧基”,“烷基氨基”和“烷硫基”(或硫代烷氧基)以其常规含义使用,并且是指分别通过氧原子,氨基或硫原子与分子的其余部分连接的那些烷基。另外,对于二烷基氨基,烷基部分可以相同或不同,也可以与各自连接的氮原子组合形成3-7元环。因此,表示为二烷基氨基或-NRaRb的基团指包括哌啶基、吡咯烷基、吗啉基、氮杂环丁烷基等。
术语“芳基烷基”和“杂芳基烷基”以其常规含义使用,是指其中芳基或杂芳基通过C1-C4亚烷基连接基与分子的其余部分连接的那些基团。“芳基烷基”的示例性实施方案为苯基甲基(或苄基)。类似地,“杂芳基烷基”的示例性实施方案为例如,3-吡啶基丙基。当“任选取代的”用于描述术语“芳基烷基”或“杂芳基烷基”时,其指其中芳基或杂芳基部分任选被如以下定义中取代的那些基团,并且烷基部分是任选被如以下定义中取代。
除非另有说明,术语“卤代”或“卤素”本身或作为另一取代基的一部分是指氟、氯、溴或碘原子。另外,例如“卤代烷基”的术语指包括单卤代烷基和多卤代烷基。例如,术语“C1-4卤代烷基”是指包括三氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、4-氯丁基、3-溴丙基等。
除非另有说明,术语“芳基”是指多不饱和的,通常为芳族的烃基,其可以是单环或多环(最多三个环),其稠合在一起或共价连接。芳基的非限制性实例包括苯基,萘基和联苯基。
术语“杂芳基”是指含有1至5个选自N,O和S杂原子的芳基(或环),其中氮和硫原子任选被氧化,和氮原子任选被季铵化。杂芳基可以通过杂原子与分子的其余部分连接。杂芳基的非限制性实例包括吡啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、喹啉基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、喹啉基、酞嗪基、苯并三嗪基、嘌呤基、苯并咪唑基、苯并吡唑基、苯并三唑基、苯并异恶唑基、异苯并呋喃基、异吲哚基、吲嗪嗪基、苯并三嗪基、噻吩并吡啶基、噻吩并嘧啶基、吡唑并嘧啶基、咪唑并吡啶、苯并噻唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、异噻唑基、吡唑基、吲唑基、哌啶基、咪唑基、三唑基、四唑基、恶唑基、异恶唑基、噻二唑基、吡咯基、噻唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基等。杂芳基环的取代基可选自下述可接受的取代基。
在一些实施方案中,上述术语(例如,烷基,芳基和杂芳基)任选被取代。下面提供了每种类型基团的选定取代基。
烷基的任选的取代基(包括通常称为亚烷基,烯基,炔基和环烷基的那些基团)可以是选自下组的各种基团:卤素、-OR’、-NR’R”,-SR’、-SiR’R”R”’、-OC(O)R’,-C(O)R’、-CO2R’、-CONR’R”、-OC(O)NR’R”、-NR”C(O)R’、-NR’-C(O)NR”R”’、-NR”C(O)2R’、-NH-C(NH2)=NH、-NR’C(NH2)=NH、-NH-C(NH2)=NR’、-S(O)R’、-S(O)2R’、-S(O)2NR’R”、-NR’S(O)2R”、-CN和-NO2,其数量从0到(2m'+1)之间,其中m'是该自由基中碳原子的总数。R’、R”和R”各自独立地指氢,未取代的C1-8烷基,未取代的芳基,被1-3个卤素取代的芳基,未取代的C1-8烷基,C1-8烷氧基或C1-8硫代烷氧基,或未经取代的芳基-C1-4烷基。当R'和R”与相同的氮原子连接时,它们可与氮原子组合形成3-,4-,5-,6-或7-元环。例如,-NR'R”是指包括1-吡咯烷基和4-吗啉基。
类似地,芳基和杂芳基的任选取代基是变化的,通常选自:-卤素-OR’、-OC(O)R’、-NR’R”、-SR’、-R’、-CN、-NO2、-CO2R’、-CONR’R”、-C(O)R’、-OC(O)NR’R”、-NR”C(O)R’、-NR”C(O)2R’、-NR’-C(O)NR”R”’、-NH-C(NH2)=NH、-NR’C(NH2)=NH、-NH-C(NH2)=NR’、-S(O)R’、-S(O)2R’、-S(O)2NR’R”、-NR’S(O)2R”、-N3、全氟(C1-C4)烷氧基和全氟(C1-C4)烷基,其数量范围从0至芳环系统上的开放化合价总数;其中R',R”和R”’'独立地选自氢、C1-8烷基、C1-8卤代烷基、C3-6环烷基、C2-8烯基和C2-8炔基。其它合适的取代基包括通过1-4个碳原子的亚烷基链连接环原子的各个上述芳基取代基。
芳基或杂芳基环的相邻原子上的两个取代基可任选地被式-TC(O)-(CH2)q-U-的取代基取代,其中T和U各自独立地为-NH-、-O-、-CH2-或单键,q是0-2的整数。或者,芳基或杂芳基环的相邻原子上的两个取代基可任选地被式-A-(CH2)r-B-的取代基取代,其中A和B独立地是-CH2-、-O-、-H-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、-S(O)2NR’-或单键,r是1至3的整数。如此形成的新环的单键之一可任选地用双键代替。或者,芳基或杂芳基环的相邻原子上的两个取代基可任选地被式-(CH2)s-X-(CH2)t-的取代基取代,其中s和t独立地为0至3整数,和X是-O-、-NR’-、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、或-S(O)2NR’-。-NR'-和-S(O)2NR'-中的取代基R'选自氢或未取代的C1-6烷基。
如本文所用,术语“杂原子”意指包括氧(O)、氮(N)、硫(S)和硅(Si)。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”指包括用相对无毒的酸或碱制备的活性化合物的盐,这取决于本文所述化合物上的特定取代基。当本发明的化合物含有相对酸性的官能团时,碱加成盐可以通过使这些化合物的中性形式与足量的所需碱(纯的或在合适的惰性溶剂中)接触而获得。衍生自药学上可接受的无机碱的盐的实例包括铝、铵、钙、铜、铁、亚铁、锂、镁、锰、锰、钾、钠、锌等。衍生自药学上可接受的有机碱的盐包括伯,仲和叔胺的盐,包括取代的胺、环胺,天然存在的胺等,例如精氨酸、甜菜碱、咖啡因、胆碱、N、N'-二苄基乙二胺、二乙胺、2-二乙氨基乙醇、2-二甲氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基哌啶、葡糖胺、葡糖胺、组氨酸、氢化胺、异丙胺、赖氨酸、甲基葡萄糖胺、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、多胺树脂、普鲁卡因、嘌呤、可可碱、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺、氨丁三醇等。当本发明的化合物含有相对碱性的官能团时,酸加成盐可以通过使这些化合物的中性形式与足量的所需酸(纯的或在合适的惰性溶剂中)接触而获得。药学上可接受的酸加成盐的实例包括那些衍生自无机酸如盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、碳酸、一氢碳酸、磷酸、一氢磷酸、二氢磷酸、硫酸、一氢硫酸、氢碘酸或亚磷酸等,以及无毒有机酸如乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丙二酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、富马酸、扁桃酸、邻苯二甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、甲磺酸等的盐,还包括氨基酸盐,例如精氨酸盐,以及有机酸盐如葡糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸等(参见,例如,Berge,SM等,药用盐,药学杂志(PharmaceuticalSalts,JournalofPharmaceuticalScience),1977,66,1-19)。本发明的某些特定化合物含有碱性和酸性官能团,使得化合物可以转化成碱或酸加成盐。
通过使盐与碱或酸接触并以常规方式分离母体化合物,可以产生化合物的中性形式。该化合物的母体形式在某些物理性质上不同于各种盐形式,例如在极性溶剂中的溶解度,但是为了本发明的目的,盐与化合物的母体形式相同。
除盐形式外,本发明还提供了前药形式的化合物。本文所述化合物的前药是在生理条件下易于发生化学变化以提供本发明化合物的那些化合物。另外,前药可以通过化学或生物化学方法在离体环境中转化为本发明的化合物。例如,当将前药置于具有合适的酶或化学试剂的透皮贴剂储库中时,可以将前药缓慢转化为本发明的化合物。
本发明的某些化合物可以非溶剂化形式以及溶剂化形式存在,包括水合形式。通常,溶剂化形式等同于未溶剂化形式,并且旨在包括在本发明的范围内。本发明的某些化合物可以以多种结晶或无定形形式存在。通常,所有物理形式对于本发明所预期的用途是等同的,并且旨在落入本发明的范围内。
某些本发明化合物具有不对称碳原子(光学中心)或双键;外消旋物,非对映异构体,几何异构体,区域异构体和单独异构体(例如,单独的对映异构体)都包括在本发明的范围内。当显示立体化学时,其指其中存在一种异构体并且基本上不含有另一种异构体的化合物。“基本上不含有”另一种异构体指两种异构体的比例至少为80/20,更优选为90/10,或95/5或更高。在一些实施方案中,一种异构体将以至少99%的量存在。
本发明化合物还可以在构成这些化合物的一个或多个原子上含有非天然比例的原子同位素。非自然比例的同位素可以定义为从自然界中发现的量到所讨论的原子的100%组成的量。例如,化合物可以掺入放射性同位素,例如氚(3H),碘-125(125I)或碳-14(14C),或非放射性同位素,例如氘(2H)或碳-13(13C)。这种同位素变化可以为本申请中其它地方描述的那些提供额外的效用。例如,本发明化合物的同位素变体可以发现其它的用途,包括但不限于,作为诊断和/或成像试剂,或作为细胞毒性/放射性毒性治疗剂。另外,本发明化合物的同位素变体可具有改变的药代动力学和药效学特征,其可有助于在治疗期间增强安全性,耐受性或功效。无论是否具有放射性,本发明化合物的所有同位素变体都包括在本发明的范围内。
术语“患者”或“受试者”可互换使用,指人或非人动物(例如哺乳动物)。
术语“施用”,“给药”等,如它们适用于例如受试者,细胞、组织、器官或生物学液体,是指例如CD73的抑制剂,药物组合物的接触。包含其或对象、细胞、组织、器官或生物流体的诊断剂。在细胞的情况下,施用包括试剂与细胞的接触(例如,体外或离体),以及试剂与流体的接触,其中流体与细胞接触。
术语“治疗”,“治疗”,“治疗”等是指在疾病、病症或症状或其症状之后引发的作用过程(例如施用CD73抑制剂或包含其的药物组合物)已被诊断,观察等以便暂时或永久地改善使受试者痛苦的疾病、病症或病况的至少一种潜在原因,或与使受试者痛苦的疾病、病症或病况相关的至少一种症状。因此,治疗包括抑制(例如,阻止疾病,病症或症状或与之相关的临床症状的发展或进一步发展)活性疾病。
本文所用的术语“需要治疗”是指医生或其它护理人员对受试者需要或将从治疗中获益的判断。该判断基于医生或护理人员的专业知识范围内的各种因素做出的。
术语“预防”,“预防”,“预防”等是指以某种方式(例如,在疾病、病症、病症或其症状发作之前)引发的作用过程(例如施用CD73抑制剂或包含其的药物组合物),以预防、抑制、抑制或减少受试者患疾病、病症、症状或类似症状(例如由缺乏临床症状决定)或延迟发病的风险,通常是在受试者易患某种疾病、疾病或条件。在某些情况下,所述术语还涉及减缓疾病、病症或病症的进展或抑制其进展到有害或其它不期望的状态。
本文所用的术语“需要预防”是指医生或其它护理人员对受试者需要或将从预防性护理中受益的判断。该判断基于医生或护理人员专业领域中的各种因素做出的。
短语“治疗有效量”是指将药剂单独或作为药物组合物的一部分以单剂量或作为一系列剂量的一部分给予受试者,其在给受试者服用时,能够对疾病、病症或病症的任何症状、方面或特征产生任何可检测的积极影响的量。治疗有效量可以通过测量相关的生理效应来确定,并且可以结合给药方案和对象病情的诊断分析等进行调整。举例来说,在给药后的特定时间测量CD73抑制剂(或例如其代谢物)的血清水平可指示是否已使用治疗有效量。
术语“足以实现变化的量”意味着在之前测量的指标水平(例如,基线水平)和施用特定疗法之后指标水平存在可检测的差异。指标包括任何客观参数(例如,血清浓度)或主观参数(例如,受试者的幸福感)。
术语“小分子”是指分子量小于约10kDa,小于约2kDa或小于约1kDa的化学化合物。小分子包括但不限于无机分子,有机分子,含有无机组分的有机分子,包含放射性原子的分子和合成分子。在治疗上,小分子可以更容易渗透细胞,不易降解,并且比大分子更不可能引发免疫应答。
术语“配体”是指例如,肽、多肽、膜相关或膜结合分子或其复合物,其可以充当受体的激动剂或拮抗剂。配体包括天然和合成配体,例如细胞因子,细胞因子变体,类似物,突变蛋白和衍生自抗体的结合复合物,以及小分子。该术语还包括既不是激动剂也不是拮抗剂但可以与受体结合而不显着影响其生物学特性(例如信号传导或粘附)的试剂。此外,该术语包括通过例如化学或重组方法将膜结合配体改变为的可溶形式的膜结合配体。配体或受体可以完全在细胞内,也就是说,它可以存在于细胞质,细胞核或一些其它细胞内室中。配体和受体的复合物被称为“配体-受体复合物”。
术语“抑制剂”和“拮抗剂”或“活化剂”和“激动剂”分别指抑制或活化分子,例如,用于激活例如配体、受体、辅因子、基因、细胞、组织、或器官。抑制剂是减少,阻断,预防,延迟激活,失活,脱敏或下调的分子,例如基因、蛋白质、配体、受体或细胞。活化剂是增加,活化,促进,增强活化,敏化或上调的分子,例如基因、蛋白质、配体,受体或细胞。抑制剂也可以定义为减少,阻断或使组成活性失活的分子。“激动剂”是与靶标相互作用以引起或促进靶标激活增加的分子。“拮抗剂”是与激动剂的作用相反的分子。拮抗剂预防,降低,抑制或中和激动剂的活性,并且拮抗剂还可以预防,抑制或降低靶标(例如靶标受体)的组分活性,即使在没有鉴定出的激动剂的情况下也是如此。
术语“调节”,“调制”等是指分子(例如,活化剂或抑制剂)直接或间接地增加或降低CD73的功能或活性的能力。调节剂可以单独起作用,或者它可以使用辅因子,例如蛋白质、金属离子或小分子。调节剂的实例包括小分子化合物和其它生物有机分子。许多小分子化合物库(例如,组合文库)是可商购的并且可以作为鉴定调节剂的起点。技术人员能够开发一种或多种测定方法(例如,生物化学或基于细胞的测定),其中可以筛选这些化合物库以鉴定一种或多种具有所需特性的化合物;此后,熟练的药物化学家能够通过例如合成和评价其类似物和衍生物来优化这种一种或多种化合物。合成和/或分子建模研究也可用于鉴定活化剂。
分子的“活性”可以描述为或指分子与配体或受体的结合;催化活性;能够刺激基因表达或细胞信号传导、分化或成熟;抗原活性;调节其它分子的活动;等等。术语“增殖活性”包括促进例如正常细胞分裂,以及癌症、肿瘤、发育不良、细胞转化、转移和血管生成所必需的或与之特异相关的活性。
如本文所用,“可比较的”,“比较的可活性”,“与之比可较的活性”,“可比较的效果”,“与之可比较的效果”等是指可以定量和/或定性地观察的相对术语。术语的含义通常取决于使用它们的上下文。举例来说,两种激活受体的药剂可以被视为从定性的角度来看具有可比较的效果,但是如果在本领域接受的分析方法(如剂量-反应分析)或本领域接受的动物模型中测定一种药剂只能达到另一种药剂活性的20%,从定量角度来看,这两种药剂缺乏可比的效果。当将一个结果与另一个结果(例如,一个结果与参考标准)进行比较时,“可比较”经常(尽管不总是)是指一个结果偏离参考标准少于35%,少于30%,少于25%,低于20%,少于15%,少于10%,少于7%,少于5%,少于4%,少于3%,少于2%%,或小于1%。在特定实施方案中,如果其与参考标准偏差小于15%,小于10%或小于5%,这个结果与参考标准可比较。举例而非限制,活性或效果可以指功效,稳定性,溶解度或免疫原性。
“基本上纯的”指的是组分占组合物总含量的大于约50%,并且通常大于总多肽含量的约60%。更典型地,“基本上纯的”是指其中总组合物的至少75%,至少85%,至少90%或更多是目标组分的组合物。在一些情况下,多肽占组合物总含量的大于约90%,或大于约95%。
当提及配体/受体,抗体/抗原或其它结合对时,术语“特异性结合”或“选择性结合”表示结合反应,其蛋白质和其它生物制品的不均一群体中,决定蛋白质的存在。因此,在指定条件下,指定的配体与特定受体结合,并且不与样品中存在的其它蛋白质存在显著量结合。所述方法的抗体或来自抗体的抗原结合位点的结合组合物与其抗原或其变体或突变蛋白结合,其亲和力至少比任何其它抗体或由其衍生的结合组合物的亲和力高两倍,至少十倍,至少20倍,或至少100倍。在一个具体实施方案中,抗体将具有大于约109升/摩尔的亲和力,如通过例如斯卡查德(Scatchard)分析(Munsen等,1980年,分析生物化学(Analyt.Biochem).107:220-239).
术语“反应”(例如,细胞,组织,器官或生物体的)包括生物化学或生理行为的变化,例如生物隔室内的浓度,密度,粘附或迁移,基因表达速率,或分化状态,其中变化与激活,刺激或治疗相关,或与遗传编程等内部机制相关。在某些情况下,术语“激活”,“刺激”等是指由内部机制以及外部或环境因素调节的细胞活化;而术语“抑制”,“下调”等指的是相反的效果。
如本文所用,术语“多肽”,“肽”和“蛋白质”可互换使用,是指任何长度的聚合形式的氨基酸,其可包括经遗传编码和非遗传编码的氨基酸,化学或生物化学修饰或衍生化氨基酸和具有修饰的多肽骨架的多肽。该术语包括融合蛋白,包括但不限于具有异源氨基酸序列的融合蛋白,具有异源和同源前导序列的融合蛋白,具有或不具有N末端甲硫氨酸残基;免疫标记的蛋白质;等等。
如本文所用,术语“变体”和“同源物”可互换使用,分别指与参考氨基酸或核酸序列相似的氨基酸或DNA序列。该术语包括天然存在的变体和非天然存在的变体。天然存在的变体包括同源物(从一个物种到另一个物种在氨基酸或核苷酸序列上分别不同的多肽和核酸)和等位基因变体(一个物种内不同个体之间氨基酸或核苷酸序列不同的多肽和核酸)。因此,变体和同源物包括天然存在的DNA序列和由其编码的蛋白质及其同种型,以及蛋白质或基因的剪接变体。该术语还包括核酸序列,其在一个或多个碱基上与自然存在的DNA序列不同,但由于遗传密码的简并性,仍然转化为对应于天然存在的蛋白质的氨基酸序列。非天然存在的变体和同源物包括分别包含氨基酸或核苷酸序列变化的多肽和核酸,其中人工引入序列的变化(例如,突变蛋白);例如,这种变化是由人工干预(“人的手”)在实验室产生的。因此,非天然存在的变体和同源物也可以指通过一个或多个保守取代和/或标签和/或偶合物与天然存在的序列不同的变体和同源物。
本文所用的术语“突变蛋白质”泛指突变的重组蛋白。这些蛋白质通常带有单个或多个氨基酸取代基,并且通常来源于已经过定点或随机诱变的克隆基因,或来源于完全合成的基因。
术语“DNA”、“核酸”、“核酸分子”、“多核苷酸”等在本文中可互换使用,是指任何长度的核苷酸的聚合形式,即脱氧核糖核苷酸或核糖核苷酸,或其类似物。多核苷酸的非限制性实例包括线性和环状核酸,信使RNA(mRNA),互补DNA(cDNA),重组多核苷酸,载体,探针,引物等。
5'-核苷酸酶,ecto及其抑制作用
人CD73(也称为5'-核苷酸酶,ecto;NT5E;或5NT)是574个氨基酸残基蛋白(登记号AAH6593)。真核CD73作为具有两个结构域的非共价同源二聚体起作用,其中N-和C-末端结构域通过铰链区连接,所述铰链区使酶能够经历大的域运动并在开放和闭合构象之间切换(Knapp,K等人.(2012)结构(Structure)20:2161-73)。
如本文所用,术语“CD73抑制剂”、“CD73阻断剂”、“腺苷5'-核苷酸酶(adenosineby5'-nucleotidase)、胞外抑制剂”、“NT5E抑制剂”、“5NT抑制剂”和所有其它相关的本领域接受的术语是指在体外分析中,体内模型和/或其它指示治疗功效其它手段中能够直接或间接调节CD73受体的化合物。该术语还指在人受试者中表现出至少一些治疗益处的化合物。CD73抑制剂可以是竞争性,非竞争性或不可逆的CD73抑制剂。“竞争性CD73抑制剂”是在催化位点可逆地抑制CD73酶活性的化合物;“非竞争性CD73抑制剂”是在非催化位点可逆地抑制CD73酶活性的化合物。“不可逆的CD73抑制剂”是通过与酶形成共价键(或其它稳定的抑制酶功能手段)而不可逆地消除CD73酶活性的化合物。
CD73抑制剂可以调节嘌呤能信号传导,这是一种由嘌呤核苷酸和核苷如ATP和腺苷介导的细胞外信号传导。嘌呤能信号传导涉及细胞和/或附近细胞中嘌呤能受体的激活,导致细胞功能的调节。CD73的酶活性在校准递送至各种细胞(例如免疫细胞)的嘌呤能信号的持续时间、大小和化学性质中发挥重要作用。这些酶活性的改变可以改变过程或决定几种病理生理事件的结果,包括癌症、自身免疫和炎症性疾病、感染、动脉粥样硬化和缺血再灌注损伤,这表明这些外源酶代表了管理多种多样的治疗靶点。
使用过表达CD73的组织和使用CD73敲除小鼠的研究提供了CD73抑制剂对黑素瘤、肺癌、前列腺癌和乳腺癌具有潜在用途的证据(参见,例如,SadejR.(2006)黑素瘤研究(MelanomaRes)16:213-22)。因为CD73的较高表达水平与肿瘤新血管形成、侵袭性、化疗抗性和转移相关,所以CD73抑制剂可用于控制肿瘤进展和转移。其它潜在的用途在本文其它地方讨论
如上所述,尽管认为本发明化合物通过抑制CD73影响它们的活性,但是实施本发明并不需要精确理解化合物的潜在作用机理。例如,化合物还可以通过调节(例如抑制)嘌呤能信号传导途径的其它组分(例如CD39)来至少部分地影响它们的活性。嘌呤能信号系统由转运蛋白,酶和受体组成,它们负责(主要)ATP及其细胞外分解产物腺苷的合成、释放,作用和细胞外失活(Sperlagh,B。等。(2012年12月)神经生理药学(NeuropsychopharmacologiaHungarica)14(4):231-38)。图1描绘了细胞外嘌呤能信号传导的简化表示(参见,例如,NorthRA(2002年10月)PhysiologicalReviews82(4):1013-67)。如文中所述,调节信号过程有几个潜在的机会。然而,对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,这些机会中的一些比其它机会更容易处理。
具有所需特征的CD73抑制剂的鉴定
本发明部分地涉及鉴定具有至少一种与治疗相关性的性质或特征的CD73抑制剂的鉴定。候选抑制剂可以通过使用例如本领域公认的测定或模型来鉴定,其实施例对于技术人员是显而易见的。用于测定本文所述化合物的CD73抑制活性的测定法在实验部分中列出。
鉴定后,可以通过使用提供关于抑制剂特征的数据的技术(例如,药代动力学参数)进一步评估候选抑制剂。候选抑制剂与参考标准(可能是当前抑制剂中“同类最佳”)的比较表明这些候选物的潜在可行性。
可用作参照或基准化合物的CD73抑制剂包括Bhattarai等人(2015)药物化学(JMedChem)58:6248-63)描述的α,β-亚甲基-ADP(AOPCP)及其衍生物和类似物。和PCT公开号2015/164573报道的嘌呤CD73衍生物。随后由技术人员鉴定的其它化合物也可用于评估候选CD73抑制剂的活性。
本发明化合物
本文提供具有式(I)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物,其中,
R1a和R1b各自独立地选自下组:氢、任选取代的C1-C6烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的-C(R2aR2b)-芳基、-C(R2aR2b)-OC(O)-OR3、-C(R2aR2b)-OC(O)R3、和-C(R2aR2b)C(O)OR3;
任选地,R1a和R1b基团组合从而形成5-至6-元杂环;
各个R2a和R2b各自独立地选自下组:H,和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;
各个R3各自独立地选自下组:H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧基(C1-C4)烷基和任选取代的芳基;
R5a和R5b各自独立地选自下组:H、任选取代的C1-C6烷基、-C(O)OR3、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C6)烷基和芳基(C1-C6)烷基;
各个X选自下组:O、NH和S;
A选自:
其中各个取代基任选被1至5个R6取代基取代,且其中下标n是0至3的整数;
Z选自下组:NH、NR6和O;
各个R6各自独立地选自下组:CH3、ORg、CN、F,和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;或相邻环顶点上的两个R6基团任选地连接在一起形成具有至少一个杂原子作为环顶点的5-至6-元环;和
Het选自下组:
其中波浪线表示与化合物其余部分的连接点,
其中各个G,当存在时,各自独立地选自下组:N和CRe,并且其中:
Ra选自下组:H、NH2、NHR7a、NHC(O)R7a、NR7aR7b、R7a、OH、SR7a和OR7a;
Rb选自下组:H、卤素、NH2、NHR7a、NR7aR7b、R7a、OH和OR7a;
Rc和Rd各自独立地选自下组:H,卤素,卤代烷基,NH2、NHR7a、NR7aR7b、R7a、OH、OR7a、SR7a、SO2R7a、-X1-NH2、-X1-NHR7a、-X1-NR7aR7b、-X1-OH、-X1-OR7a、-X1-SR7a和-X1-SO2R7a;
各个Re独立地选自下组:H,卤素和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;
各个Rg独立地选自下组:H和-C(O)-C1-C6烷基;
各个X1为C1-C4亚烷基;和
各个R7a和R7b各自独立地选自下组:任选取代的C1-C10烷基、任选取代的C2-C10烯基、任选取代的C2-C10炔基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的4-7元杂环烷基、任选取代的4-7元杂环烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的芳基C2-C4烯基、任选取代的芳基C2-C4炔基、任选取代的杂芳基、任选取代的杂芳基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的杂芳基C1-C4烯基和任选取代的杂芳基C2-C4炔基;或当R7a和R7b与相同的氮原子连接时,任选地连接在一起形成4-至7-元杂环,任选与芳环稠合。
对于上式,术语“任选取代的”与烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基一起使用。这些基团中,一些可选择的任选取代基如下:
烷基:卤素,-OR’、-NR’R”、-SR’、-SiR’R”R”’、-OC(O)R’、-C(O)R’、-CO2R’、-CONR’R”、-OC(O)NR’R”、-NR”C(O)R’、-NR’-C(O)NR”R”’、-NR”C(O)2R’、-CN和-NO2。R',R”和”’各自独立地为氢,未取代的C1-4烷基或C1-4卤代烷基。当R'和R”与相同的氮原子连接时,或当R”和R”’与相同的氮连接时,它们可与氮原子结合形成3-、4-、5-、6-或7-元环。例如,-NR'R”指包括1-吡咯烷基和4-吗啉基。
环烷基和杂环烷基:上面对“烷基”所述的所选取代基也可用于环烷基和杂环烷基。另外,各个环烷基和杂环烷基可任选地被氧代(=O)取代。
芳基和杂芳基:-卤素、-OR’、-OC(O)R’、-NR’R”、-R’、-CN、-NO2、-CO2R’、-CONR’R”、-C(O)R’、-OC(O)NR’R”、-NR”C(O)R’、-NR”C(O)2R’、-NR’-C(O)NR”R”’、-S(O)2R’、-S(O)2NR’R”、-NR’S(O)2R”和全氟(C1-C4)烷-基,其中R',R”和-R”'各自独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基和C3-6环烷基。-
在一些实施方案中,R1a和R1b基团可以组合以形成5-至6-元杂环。在此类实施方案中,R1a基团和R1b基团的任何合适部分可以进行共价结合,从而形成杂环。例如,在一组实施方案中,R1a可以是取代的苄基,R1b可以是乙基,其中乙基的2-位和苄基碳形成共价键。在另一组实施方案中,R1a可以是苯基,R1b可以是甲基,其中苯基和甲基的邻位形成共价键。在更进一步的实施方案中,R1a可以是丙基,并且R1b可以是丁基,其中丙基的1-位和乙基的2-位形成共价键。R1a和R1b的其它组合同样被提供。
在一组选择的实施方案中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中A具有下式:
其任选地被1至5个R6取代。作为A的一部分的任选的R6取代基是Z为NR6时存在的R6取代基的补充。
在另一组选择的实施方案中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中A具有选自下组的通式:
其中各个Rg各自独立地选自H和C(O)-C1-C6烷基。
在其它选择的实施方案中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中Het具有下式:
其中各个G独立地选自N和CRe。在一些选择的实施方案中,Rc不是H。
在其它选择的实施方案中,提供了由以下子通式之一表示的式(I)化合物:
其中各个Rg独立地选自H和C(O)-C1-C6烷基。
上述子通式的更进一步选择的实施方案中,各个X为氧。在上述子通式的其它选择实施方案中,各个X是氧,Re是氢。在上述子通式的其它所选实施方案中,各个X是氧,Re是氢,且各个Rg是氢。
回到式(I),在一些实施方案中,R5a选自下组:H、任选取代的C1-4烷基、-C(O)OR3、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C4)烷基和芳基(C1-C4)烷基,且R5b为H。
在其它实施方案中,R5a选自下组:H、任选取代的C1-4烷基、-C(O)OR3、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C4)烷基和芳基(C1-C4)烷基,R5b为H,且各个X为O。
在其它实施方案中,R5a选自下组:H、任选取代的C1-4烷基、-C(O)OR3、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C4)烷基和芳基(C1-C4)烷基,R5b为H,各个X为O,且R1a和R1b为H。
在另一组选择的实施方案中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中Het选自:
其中Ra,Rc和Re具有参考上述式(I)提供的含义。
在上述亚属的一些进一步选择的实施方案中,R5a选自下组:任选取代的C1-3烷基、-C(O)OH、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C2)烷基和苯基(C1-C2)烷基,R5b为H,各个X为O,R1a和R1b为H.
在上述子类的其它选择实施方案中,R5a选自下组:任选取代的C1-3烷基、-C(O)OH、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C2)烷基和苯基(C1-C2)烷基,R5b为H,各个X为O,R1a和R1b为H,Re为H,Ra选自下组:NH2、NHR7a和NR7aR7b。
在上述子类的其它选择实施方案中,R5a选自下组:任选取代的C1-3烷基、-C(O)OH、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C2)烷基和苯基(C1-C2)烷基,R5b为H,各个X为O,R1a和R1b为H,Re为H,Rc不为H,且Ra为NHR7a。
在式(I)和本文所述亚属的一些实施方案中,R5a选自下组:任选取代的C1-C4烷基、C(O)OR3、芳基(C1-C4)烷基、C3-C8环烷基(C1-C4)烷基。在进一步选择的实施方案中,R5a选自下组:甲基、乙基、乙基-2-醇、C(O)OH、苄基和环丙基甲基。
在式(I)和本文所述子类的一些实施方案中,Ra,当出现时,为NHR7a或NR7aR7b,并且R7a选自下组:任选取代的C3-C7环烷基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的4-7元杂环烷基和任选取代的4-7元杂环烷基C1-C4烷基。R7b,当出现时,为C1-4烷基。
在式(I)和本文所述子类的一些实施方案中,Ra,当出现时,为NHR7a或NR7aR7b,且R7a为C3-C7环烷基,或4-7元杂环烷基C1-C4烷基。R7b,当出现时,为C1-4烷基。
在式(I)和本文所述子类的一些实施方案中,Ra,当出现时,为NHR7a或NR7aR7b,且R7a是环戊基。R7b,当出现时,为C1-4烷基。
式(I)的其它选择的实施方案为具有选自以下子式的化合物:
其中X、R1a、R1b、R5a、R7a、R7b和Rc具有关于式(I)提供的含义,以及如本文所述的某些选择的实施方案;各个Rg独立地选自下组:H和C(O)-C1-C6烷基。
在式IIa、IIIa、IIc和IIIc的一些选择的实施方案中,R1a和R1b为H;各个X为O;Rg为H;和Rc为Cl。在这些化学式的其它实施方案中,R5a选自下组:甲基、乙基和环丙基甲基。
在式IIb、IIIb、IId和IIId的一些选择的实施方案中,R1a和R1b为H;各个X为O;Rg为H;Rc为Cl;且R7b为CH3。在这些化学式的其它实施方案中,R5a选自下组:甲基,乙基和环丙基甲基。
在其它选择的实施方案中,所述提供的化合物如表1中所示。
合成方法
通常,本文提供的化合物可通过如下实施例中所述的常规方法制备。
增强抑制剂特性的修饰
改善本文公开的治疗方式的一种或多种物理性质和/或它们的给药方式通常是有益的,有时是必要的。物理性质的改进包括,例如增加水溶性、生物利用度,血清半衰期和/或治疗半衰期的方法;和/或调节生物活性。
本领域已知的修饰包括聚乙二醇化,Fc融合和白蛋白融合。尽管通常与大分子试剂(例如多肽)相关,但最近已经用特定的小分子评估了这种修饰。举例来说,Chiang,M等人.(美国化学学会杂志(J.Am.Chem.Soc),2014,136(9):3370-73)描述了与免疫球蛋白Fc结构域偶合的腺苷2a受体的小分子激动剂。小分子-Fc偶合物保留了有效的Fc受体和腺苷2a受体的相互作用,并且与未偶合的小分子相比显示出优异的性质。还描述了PEG分子与小分子治疗剂的共价连接(Li,W.等人,高分子科学进展(ProgressinPolymerScience),201338:421-44)。
治疗和预防用途
本发明提出本文所述的CD73抑制剂在治疗或预防广泛的疾病,病症和/或征候和/或其症状中的用途。尽管在下文中详细描述了特定用途,但应理解本发明不限于此。此外,尽管在下文中阐述了特定相关疾病、病症和症状的一般类别,但是一些相关疾病、病症和症状可以是一个以上类别的成员,而其它相关疾病、病症和症状可以不是任何所公开的类别的成员。
肿瘤相关疾病。根据本发明,CD73抑制剂可用于治疗或预防增殖性疾病或病症,包括癌症、例如子宫癌、子宫颈癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌、胃肠道癌(例如食道癌、口咽癌、胃癌、小肠癌或大肠癌、结肠癌或直肠癌)、肾癌、肾细胞癌、膀胱癌、骨癌、骨髓癌、皮肤癌、头颈癌、肝癌、胆囊癌、心脏癌、肺癌、胰腺、唾液腺、肾上腺、甲状腺、脑癌(例如、神经胶质瘤)、神经节癌、中枢神经系统(CNS)癌和外周神经系统(PNS)癌,以及造血系统和免疫系统(例如,脾或胸腺)的癌症。本发明还提供治疗或预防其它癌症相关的疾病,病症或症状的方法,包括例如免疫原性肿瘤、非免疫原性肿瘤、休眠肿瘤、病毒诱导的癌症(例如上皮细胞癌、内皮细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌和乳头瘤病毒)、腺癌、淋巴瘤、癌、黑色素瘤、白血病、骨髓瘤、肉瘤、畸胎癌、化学诱导的癌症、转移和血管生成。本发明提出降低对肿瘤细胞或癌细胞抗原的耐受性,例如通过调节调节性T细胞和/或CD8+T细胞的活性(参见,例如,Ramirez-Montagut,等人.(2003)癌基因(Oncogene22):3180-87;和Sawaya等人.(2003)新英格兰医学杂志(NewEngl.J.Med).349:1501-09)。在特定实施方案中,肿瘤或癌症是结肠癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌、黑素瘤、肺癌,胶质母细胞瘤或白血病。术语癌症相关疾病、病症和症状指广泛地指直接或间接与癌症相关的病症,并且包括例如血管生成和癌前病症如发育异常。
在某些实施方案中,癌症为转移性的或有转移的风险,或可能发生在弥漫性组织中,包括血液或骨髓的癌症(例如白血病)。在一些看其它的实施方案中,本发明的化合物可用于克服T细胞耐受性。
在一些实施方案中,本发明提供用CD73抑制剂和至少一种其它治疗剂或诊断剂治疗增殖性病症,癌症,肿瘤或癌前病症的方法,其实例在本文其它地方阐述。
具有炎性成分的免疫相关疾病和病症。如本文所用,例如“免疫疾病”、“免疫症状”、“免疫病症”、“炎性疾病”、“炎性状态”、“炎性病症”等术语指广泛地涵盖任何免疫相关病症(例如,自身免疫疾病)或具有炎性组分的病症,其可以通过本文所述的CD73抑制剂治疗,从而获得一些治疗益处。这些病症经常与其它相关疾病、病症和症状密不可分。举例来说,“免疫病症”可以指增殖性病症,例如癌症、肿瘤和血管生成;包括抵抗免疫系统根除的感染(急性和慢性)、肿瘤和癌症。
本发明的CD73抑制剂可用于增加或增强免疫应答;改善免疫接种,包括提高疫苗效力;并提高炎症。可以使用本文公开的化合物治疗与免疫缺陷疾病相关的免疫缺陷,免疫抑制药物治疗,急性和/或慢性感染和衰老。CD73抑制剂还可用于刺激患有医源性诱导的免疫抑制的患者的免疫系统,包括经受过骨髓移植,化学疗法或放射疗法的患者。
在本公开的具体实施方案中,CD73抑制剂用于通过提供佐剂活性来增加或增强对抗原的免疫应答。在一个具体实施方案中,将至少一种抗原或疫苗与至少一种本发明的CD73抑制剂联合给予受试者,以延长对抗原或疫苗的免疫应答。还提供了治疗组合物,其包括至少一种抗原剂或疫苗组分,其包括但不限于病毒,细菌和真菌,或其部分,蛋白质、肽、肿瘤特异性抗原和核酸疫苗,与本发明的至少一种CD73抑制剂组合。
与微生物有关的疾病。通过抑制CD73的免疫抑制和抗炎活性,本发明提出本文所述的CD73抑制剂在治疗和/或预防任何病毒、细菌、真菌、寄生虫或其它感染性疾病,病症或病症的用途,用CD73抑制剂治疗疾病,病症或病症可能是有益的。此类疾病和病症的实例包括HIV和AIDS,葡萄球菌和链球菌感染(例如,分别为金黄色葡萄球菌和血链球菌),利什曼原虫、弓形虫、滴虫、贾第鞭毛虫,白色念珠菌,炭疽芽孢杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌。本发明化合物可用于治疗败血症,减少或抑制细菌生长,以及减少或抑制炎性细胞因子。
CNS相关和神经疾病。对于具有与中枢神经系统有某些关联的神经,神经精神性,神经退化或其它相关疾病、病症和症状的患者,包括与认知功能和运动功能受损相关的病症,CD73的抑制也可以是重要的治疗策略。例子包括帕金森病、额外锥体综合征(EPS)、肌张力障碍、静坐不能、迟发性运动障碍、不宁腿综合征(RLS)、癫痫、睡眠中的周期性肢体运动(PLMS)、注意力缺陷障碍、抑郁、焦虑、痴呆、阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿病、多发性硬化症、脑缺血、出血性中风、蛛网膜下腔出血和创伤性脑损伤。
其它疾病。本发明的实施方案提出向受试者施用本文所述的CD73抑制剂,用于治疗或预防可受益于至少一定水平的CD73抑制剂的任何其它病症。此类相关疾病、病症和症状包括例如心血管(例如、心肌缺血)、胃肠(例如、克罗恩病)、代谢(例如、糖尿病)、肝(例如、肝纤维化、NASH和NAFLD)、肺(例如、COPD和哮喘)、眼科(例如、糖尿病性视网膜病)和肾(例如、肾衰竭)病症。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的CD73抑制剂可用于抑制他汀类药物诱导的腺苷产生,或减少或降低服用他汀类药物(例如洛伐他汀和普伐他汀)的受试者中他汀类药物引起的血糖升高。
药物组合物
本发明的CD73抑制剂可以是适于给予受试者的组合物形式。通常,此类组合物是“药物组合物”,其包含CD73抑制剂和一种或多种药学上可接受的或生理学上可接受的稀释剂,载体或赋形剂。在某些实施方案中,CD73抑制剂以治疗可接受的量存在。药物组合物可用于本发明的方法中;因此,例如,药物组合物可以体外或体内给予受试者,以实施本文所述的治疗和预防方法和用途。
本发明的药物组合物可以配制成与预期的给药方法或途径相容;本文阐述了示例性给药途径。此外,药物组合物可以与本文所述的其它治疗活性剂或化合物组合使用,以治疗或预防本发明所提出的相关疾病、病症和症状。
含有活性成分(例如,CD73功能抑制剂)的药物组合物可以是适于口服使用的形式,例如片剂、胶囊、锭剂、锭剂、水性或油性悬浮液,可分散的粉末或颗粒、乳液、硬胶囊或软胶囊、或糖浆、溶液、微珠或酏剂。用于口服的药物组合物可以根据本领域已知的任何制备药物组合物的方法制备,并且这种组合物可以含有一种或多种试剂,例如甜味剂、调味剂、着色剂和防腐剂。为了提供药学上优雅和可口的制剂。片剂、胶囊等含有的活性成分与适合制备片剂的无毒的药学上可接受的赋形剂混合。这些赋形剂可以是,例如稀释剂、如碳酸钙、碳酸钠、乳糖、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;制粒和崩解剂,例如玉米淀粉或海藻酸;粘合剂,例如淀粉、明胶或阿拉伯胶,和润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或滑石粉。
适于口服给药的片剂、胶囊等可以是未包衣或通过已知技术包衣、以延迟在胃肠道中的崩解和吸收、从而提供持续作用。例如,可以使用延时材料,例如单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯。它们也可以通过本领域已知的技术包衣以形成用于控制释放的渗透性治疗片。其它试剂包括可生物降解或生物相容的颗粒或聚合物质,如聚酯、聚胺酸、水凝胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚酐、聚乙醇酸、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、硫酸鱼精蛋白、或丙交酯/乙交酯共聚物、聚丙交酯/乙交酯共聚物、或乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,以控制给药组合物的递送。例如,口服药剂可以包埋在通过凝聚技术或通过界面聚合制备的微胶囊中,或分别通过使用羟甲基纤维素或明胶-微胶囊或聚(甲基甲基丙烯酸酯)微胶囊,或在胶体药物递送系统中。胶体分散系统包括大分子复合物、纳米胶囊、微球、微珠和基于脂质的系统,包括水包油乳液、胶束、混合胶束和脂质体。制备上述制剂的方法对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。
口服制剂也可用硬凝胶胶囊提供,其中活性成分与惰性固体稀释剂混合,例如碳酸钙、磷酸钙、高岭土或微晶纤维素,或作为软明胶胶囊,其中活性成分与水或油性介质(例如花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油)混合。
水性悬浮液含有活性物质与适于制备它们的赋形剂的混合物。这些赋形剂可以是悬浮剂,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、黄蓍胶和阿拉伯树胶;分散剂或润湿剂,例如天然存在的磷脂(例如,卵磷脂),或环氧烷与脂肪酸的缩合产物(例如,聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯),或环氧乙烷与长链脂肪族醇(例如,七碳酸乙烯氧乙醇)的缩合产物,或环氧乙烷与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇的偏酯(如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇单油酸酯)的缩合产物,或环氧乙烷与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的偏酯的缩合产物(如聚乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯)。含水悬浮液还可含有一种或多种防腐剂。
油性悬浮液可以通过将活性成分悬浮在植物油(例如花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或椰子油)或矿物油(例如液体石蜡)中来配制。油性悬浮液可含有增稠剂,例如蜂蜡,硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。可加入如上所述的甜味剂和调味剂以提供适口的口服制剂。
适于通过加入水制备水性悬浮液的可分散粉末和颗粒提供活性成分与分散剂或润湿剂、悬浮剂和一种或多种防腐剂的混合物。本文举例说明了合适的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂。
本文提供的药物组合物还可以是水包油乳液的形式。油相可以是植物油,例如橄榄油或花生油,或矿物油,例如液体石蜡,或这些的混合物。合适的乳化剂可以是天然存在的树胶,例如阿拉伯树胶或黄蓍胶;天然存在的磷脂,例如大豆,卵磷脂,以及衍生自脂肪酸的酯或偏酯;己糖醇酐,例如,脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯;偏酯与环氧乙烷的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯。
药物组合物通常包含治疗有效量的本发明提出的CD73抑制剂和一种或多种药学上和生理学上可接受的处方试剂。合适的药学上可接受的或生理学上可接受的稀释剂,载体或赋形剂包括但不限于抗氧化剂(例如抗坏血酸和硫酸氢钠),防腐剂(例如苯甲醇,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或正丙酯)、乳化剂、悬浮剂、分散剂、溶剂、填充剂、膨松剂、洗涤剂、缓冲剂、赋形剂、稀释剂和/或佐剂。例如,合适的载体可以是生理盐水溶液或柠檬酸盐缓冲盐水,可能添加有用于胃肠外给药的药物组合物中常见的其它材料。中性缓冲盐水或与血清白蛋白混合的盐水是其它的示例性载体。本领域技术人员将容易地认出可以用于本文提出的药物组合物和剂型的各种缓冲剂。典型的缓冲剂包括但不限于药学上可接受的弱酸,弱碱或其混合物。例如,缓冲组分可以是水溶性材料,例如磷酸、酒石酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、乙酸、抗坏血酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸及其盐。可接受的缓冲剂包括,例如,Tris缓冲剂、N-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪-N'-(2-乙磺酸)(HEPES)、2-(N-吗啉代)乙磺酸(MES)、2-(N-吗啉代)乙磺酸钠盐(MES)、3-(N-吗啉代)丙磺酸(MOPS)和N-三[羟甲基]甲基-3-氨基丙磺酸(TAPS)。
在配制药物组合物后,可将其作为溶液、悬浮液、凝胶、乳液、固体或脱水或冻干粉末储存在无菌小瓶中。这些制剂可以以即用形式,需要在使用前重构的冻干形式,使用前需要稀释的液体形式或其他可接受的形式。在一些实施方案中,药物组合物提供在一次性容器(例如,一次性小瓶,安瓿,注射器或自动注射器(类似于例如科汉森)中,而在其它实施例中提供多用途容器(例如,多用途小瓶)。
制剂还可包括载体以保护组合物免于从体内快速降解或消除,例如控释制剂,包括脂质体、水凝胶、前药和微囊化递送系统。例如,可以使用延时材料例如单独的甘油单硬脂酸酯或硬脂酸甘油酯,或与蜡组合。任何药物递送装置可用于递送CD73抑制剂,包括植入物(例如,可植入泵)和导管系统、慢速注射泵和装置,所有这些都是本领域技术人员公知的。
通常皮下或肌肉内给药的长效注射剂也可用于在规定的时间内释放本文公开的CD73抑制剂。长效注射剂通常是基于固体或油的,并且通常包含至少一种本文所述的制剂组分。本领域普通技术人员熟悉长效注射的可能制剂和用途。
本文提供的药物组合物还可以是无菌可注射水性或油性悬浮液的形式。可根据已知技术使用本文提及的那些合适的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂配制该悬浮液。无菌可注射制剂还可以是在无毒的胃肠外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌可注射溶液或悬浮液,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。可以使用的可接受的稀释剂、溶剂和分散介质包括水、林格氏溶液、等渗氯化钠溶液,聚氧乙烯蓖麻油ELTM(BASF,帕西帕尼(Parsippany),NJ)或磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)、乙醇、多元醇(例如甘油,丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇),及其合适的混合物。其它,无菌的固定油通常用作溶剂或悬浮介质。为此目的,可以使用任何温和的固定油,包括合成的甘油单酯或甘油二酯。此外,脂肪酸如油酸可用于制备注射剂。通过包括延迟吸收的试剂(例如,单硬脂酸铝或明胶)可以实现特定可注射制剂的延长吸收。
本发明提出以栓剂的形式直肠施用CD73抑制剂。栓剂可以通过将药物与合适的无刺激性赋形剂混合来制备,所述赋形剂在常温下是固体但在直肠温度下是液体,因此在直肠中融化以释放药物。这些材料包括但不限于可可脂和聚乙二醇。
本发明提出的CD73抑制剂可以是目前已知的或将来开发的任何其它合适的药物组合物(例如,用于鼻或吸入用途的喷雾剂)的形式。
给药途径
本发明提出以任何适当的方式给予CD73抑制剂及其组合物。合适的给药途径包括口服、肠胃外(例如肌肉内、静脉内、皮下(例如,注射或植入)、腹膜内、脑池内、关节内、腹膜内、脑内(脑实质内)和脑室内)、鼻、阴道、舌下、眼内、直肠、局部(例如,透皮)、口腔和吸入。通常皮下或肌肉内给药的长效注射剂也可用于在规定的时间内释放本文公开的CD73抑制剂。
本发明的具体实施方案考虑口服给药。
联合治疗
本发明提出单独CD73抑制剂或与一种或多种活性治疗剂组合的用途。其它活性治疗剂可以是小化学分子;大分子如蛋白质、抗体、肽体、肽、DNA、RNA或这些大分子的片段;或细胞或基因疗法。在这种联合治疗中,各种活性剂通常具有不同的互补作用机制。这种联合治疗可能特别有利,因为允许减少一种或多种药剂的剂量,从而减少或消除与一种或多种药剂相关的副作用。此外,这种联合治疗可能对潜在疾病、疾病或症状具有协同治疗或预防作用。
如本文所用,“组合”意指包括可以单独施用的疗法,例如,可以单独配制用于单独施用(例如,可以在试剂盒中提供),和可以在单一制剂中一起施用的疗法(即,“共同配方”)。
在某些实施方案中,CD73抑制剂依次施用或给药,例如,在一种或多种其它药剂之前施用一种药剂。在其它实施方案中,CD73抑制剂同时施用,例如,在两种或更多种药剂同时或大约同时施用的情况下;两种或更多种药剂可以以两种或更多种单独的制剂存在或组合成单一制剂(即共制剂)。无论两种或更多种药剂是顺序给药还是同时给药,它们被认为是为了本发明的目的而组合给药。
本发明的CD73抑制剂可以在适当的情况下以任何适当的方式与至少一种其它(活性)药剂组合使用。在一个实施方案中,用本发明的至少一种活性剂和至少一种CD73抑制剂维持一段时间治疗。在另一个实施方案中,降低或中断至少一种活性剂治疗(例如,当受试者稳定时),同时用本发明的CD73抑制剂治疗维持恒定的给药方案。在另一个实施方案中,降低或中断至少一种活性剂治疗(例如,当受试者稳定时),同时降低(例如,更低剂量,更少频率给药或更短时间治疗方案)本发明的CD73抑制剂治疗。在另一个实施方案中,降低或中断至少一种活性剂治疗(例如,当受试者稳定时),和增加(例如,更高剂量,更频繁给药或更长时间治疗方案)本发明的CD73抑制剂治疗。在另一个实施方案中,维持用至少一种活性剂的治疗,和降低或中断(例如,较低剂量,较低频率给药或较短治疗方案)本发明的CD73抑制剂治疗。在另一个实施方案中,减少或中断(例如,较低剂量,较低频率给药或较短治疗方案)至少一种活性剂治疗和本发明的CD73抑制剂治疗。
肿瘤相关疾病。本发明提供用CD73抑制剂和至少一种其它治疗剂或诊断剂治疗和/或预防增殖性病症、癌症、肿瘤或癌前疾病、病症或症状的方法。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供抑制肿瘤生长的方法,包括将本文所述的CD73抑制剂与信号转导抑制剂(STI)组合施用,以实现肿瘤生长的累加或协同抑制。如本文所用,术语“信号转导抑制剂”是指选择性抑制信号传导途径中的一个或多个步骤的药剂。本发明的信号转导抑制剂(STI)包括:(i)bcr/abl激酶抑制剂(例如,GLEEVEC);(ii)表皮生长因子(EGF)受体抑制剂,包括激酶抑制剂和抗体;(iii)her-2/neu受体抑制剂(例如,HERCEPTIN);(iv)Akt家族激酶或Akt途径的抑制剂(例如雷帕霉素);(v)细胞周期激酶抑制剂(例如,夫拉平度);和(vi)磷脂酰肌醇激酶抑制剂。参与免疫调节的药剂也可以与本文所述的CD73抑制剂组合使用,用于抑制癌症患者的肿瘤生长。
化学治疗剂的实例包括但不限于烷化剂,例如硫柳汞和环磷酰胺;氨基磺酸盐,例如白消安,英丙舒凡和哌泊舒凡;氮杂环丁烷类、如苯并二唑、卡波醌、美多巴和尤多巴(uredopa);乙烯亚胺和甲基精胺、包括阿曲明、三亚乙基三聚氰胺、三乙烯基磷酰胺、三亚乙基硫代磷酰胺和三羟甲基甲胺;氮芥,例如氯脲嘧啶、氯那哌嗪、胆磷酰胺、司他司汀、异环磷酰胺、甲氯噻胺、甲氯噻胺氧化物盐酸盐、美法仑、诺维布钦、苯酯、预尼莫司汀、特氟沙酰胺、尿嘧啶芥末;亚硝基脲类,如卡莫司汀、氯嘧菌素、福莫司汀、洛莫司汀、尼莫司汀、马来酰汀;抗生素如阿克拉霉素、放线菌素、阿奇霉素、偶氮丝氨酸、博来霉素、放线菌素C、卡奇霉素、卡拉比辛、洋红霉素、嗜癌素、色霉素、达克汀霉素、柔红霉素、曲柔比星、6-重氮-5-氧代-L-去甲亮氨酸、阿霉素、表柔比星、埃索霉素、异阿糖胞苷、马塞霉素、丝裂霉素、支原体酸、诺格霉素、橄榄霉素、肽霉素、波非霉素、普霉素、奎拉霉素、罗道霉素、链霉素、链霉素、结核菌素、乌比尼霉素、锌奥斯汀、柔比星;抗代谢物如甲氨蝶呤和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物如双喋呤、氨甲喋呤、蝶罗呤、曲美沙特;嘌呤类似物,如氟达拉滨、6-巯基嘌呤、硫胺素、硫鸟嘌呤;嘧啶类似物如安西他滨、阿扎胞苷、6-氮尿苷、卡莫氟、阿糖胞苷、双脱氧尿苷、多西氟尿苷、依诺沙星、氟尿苷、5-FU;雄激素如卡鲁睾酮、屈他雄酮丙酸、环硫雄醇、美雄烷、睾内酯;抗肾上腺素,如氨基乙酰亚胺、米托坦、曲洛司坦;叶酸补充剂如氟喹啉酸;醋葡醛内酯;醛磷酰胺糖苷;氨基乙酰丙酸;安吖啶;贝特罗(bestrabucil);比生群;双联蒽;脱氧胺;美可辛;二氮杂喹啉酮;埃尔菲汀;醋酸乙烯酯;依托格鲁;硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖;氯尼达明;米托唑酮;米托蒽醌;莫哌达醇;硝吖啶;喷司他丁;蛋氨氮芥;吡柔比星;鬼臼毒素;2-乙基肼;甲基苄肼;拉唑烷;西佐;螺环锗;细交链孢菌酮酸;三亚胺;2,2',2”-三氯三乙胺;氨基甲酸乙酯;长春地辛;达卡巴嗪;甘露醇氮芥;二溴甘露醇;卫矛醇;哌泊溴烷;胍基胞嘧啶;阿拉伯糖苷(Ara-C);环磷酰胺;塞替派;紫杉醇,例如紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇;苯丁酸氮芥;吉西他滨;6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯基嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;铂和铂配位络合物,如顺铂和卡铂;长春碱;依托泊苷(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;丝裂霉素C;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;长春瑞滨;长春瑞滨;减瘤;替尼泊苷;柔红霉素;氨基;希罗达;伊班膦酸钠;CPT11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DMFO);维甲酸;埃斯哌霉素;卡培他滨;和任何上述的药学上可接受的盐,酸或衍生物。
化学治疗剂还包括抗激素剂,其用于调节或抑制对肿瘤的激素作用,例如抗雌激素,包括例如他莫昔芬、雷洛昔芬、芳香酶抑制的4(5)-咪唑类、4-羟基三苯氧胺、三恶唑、克洛昔芬、奥那斯酮、和托瑞米芬;和抗雄激素,如氟他胺,尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、亮丙瑞林和戈舍瑞林;和任何上述的药学上可接受的盐,酸或衍生物。在某些实施方案中,组合疗法包括施用激素或相关的激素剂。
可以与CD73抑制剂组合使用的其它治疗方式包括放射疗法,针对肿瘤抗原的单克隆抗体,单克隆抗体和毒素的复合物,T细胞佐剂,骨髓移植物或抗原呈递细胞(例如,树突细胞疗法),包括用于刺激这种抗原呈递细胞的TLR激动剂。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提出将本文所述的化合物与过继性细胞疗法组合的用途,过继性细胞疗法是一种新的和有前景的个体化免疫疗法形式,其中向癌症患者施用具有抗肿瘤活性的免疫细胞。使用肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)和经过工程改造以表达例如嵌合抗原受体(CAR)或T细胞受体(TCR)的T细胞来研究过继细胞疗法。过继性细胞疗法通常涉及从个体收集T细胞,对它们进行遗传修饰以靶向特定抗原或增强它们的抗肿瘤作用,将它们扩增到足够数量,并将遗传修饰的T细胞输注到癌症患者体内。T细胞可以从再融合后扩增的细胞的患者(例如自体)中收集,也可以从供体患者(例如同种异体)中收集。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提出本文所述的化合物与基于RNA干扰疗法组合用于沉默基因表达的用途。RNAi开始于将较长的双链RNA切割成小的干扰RNA(siRNA)。将siRNA的一条链掺入称为RNA诱导的沉默复合物(RISC)的核糖核蛋白复合物中,然后将其用于鉴定与掺入的siRNA链至少部分互补的mRNA分子。RISC可以结合或切割mRNA,两者都抑制翻译。
免疫检查点抑制剂。本发明提出本文所述的CD73功能抑制剂与免疫检查点抑制剂组合的用途。
所有癌症特有的大量遗传和表观遗传改变提供了一系列不同的抗原,免疫系统可以利用这些抗原来区分肿瘤细胞和正常肿瘤细胞。在T细胞的情况下,响应的最终幅度(例如,细胞因子产生或增殖的水平)和质量(例如,产生的免疫应答的类型,例如细胞因子产生的模式),其通过T细胞受体(TCR)抗原识别启动,通过共刺激和抑制信号(免疫检查点)之间的平衡来调节。在正常生理条件下,免疫检查点对于预防自身免疫(即维持自身耐受)以及当免疫系统对病原性感染有反应时保护组织免受损害至关重要。免疫检查点蛋白的表达可被肿瘤失调,其作为重要的免疫抗性机制。
免疫检查点(配体和受体)的一些实例,其中一些在各种类型的肿瘤细胞中被选择性上调,是阻断的候选物,包括PD1(程序性细胞死亡蛋白1);PDL1(PD1配体);BTLA(B和T淋巴细胞衰减剂);CTLA4(细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4);TIM3(T细胞膜蛋白3);LAG3(淋巴细胞活化基因3);TIGIT(具有Ig和ITIM结构域的T细胞免疫受体);A2aR(腺苷A2a受体A2aR);和杀伤性抑制受体,根据其结构特征可分为两类:i)杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIRs),和ii)C型凝集素受体(II型跨膜受体家族的成员)。其它不太明确的免疫检查点已在文献中描述,包括受体(例如,2B4(也称为CD244)受体)和配体(例如某些B7家族抑制配体,如B7-H3(也称为CD276))和B7-H4(也称为B7-S1,B7x和VCTN1))。[见Pardoll,(2012年4月)癌症自然评论(NatureRev.Cancer)12:252-64]。
本发明提出本文所述的CD73功能抑制剂与上述免疫检查点受体和配体的抑制剂以及尚未描述的免疫检查点受体和配体的组合的用途。目前可获得某些免疫检查点调节剂,而其它调节剂处于后期开发阶段。为了说明,当2011年批准用于治疗黑色素瘤时,完全人源化的CTLA4单克隆抗体伊匹木单抗(ipulimumab)(耶沃伊(YERVOY);百时美施贵宝)成为第一个在美国获得监管批准的免疫检查点抑制剂。包含CTLA4和抗体(CTLA4-Ig;阿巴特普(abatcept)(奥伦西亚(ORENCIA);百时美施贵宝))的融合蛋白已用于治疗类风湿性关节炎,其它融合蛋白已被证明对爱泼斯坦-巴尔(EpsteinBarr)病毒敏感的肾移植患者有效。PD1抗体(例如,纳武单抗(nivolumab)(百时美施贵宝)和派姆单抗(lambrolizumab)(默克))正在开发中,并且还评估了抗PDL1抗体(例如,MPDL3280A(罗氏))。尼沃单抗在黑色素瘤,肺癌和肾癌患者中显示出前景。
本发明包括任何上述药学上可接受的盐,酸或衍生物。
代谢和心血管疾病。本发明提供了用CD73抑制剂和至少一种其它治疗剂或诊断剂治疗和/或预防某些心血管和/或代谢相关疾病、病症和症状以及与其相关的病症的方法。
用于治疗高胆固醇血症(和动脉粥样硬化)的联合疗法的治疗剂的实例包括抑制胆固醇酶合成的他汀类药物(例如克雷斯特(CRESTOR)、莱斯科尔(LESCOL)、立普妥(LIPITOR)、美伐科(MEVACOR)、普拉瓦科(PRAVACOL)和舒降之(ZOCOR);胆汁酸树脂(例如,科斯德(COLESTID),低固醇(LO-CHOLEST),普利特(PREVALITE),奎特兰(QUESTRAN)和韦尔(WELCHOL)),它们螯合胆固醇并防止其吸收;依泽替米贝(ZETIA)可阻断胆固醇的吸收;纤维酸(例如特里奥(TRICOR))降低甘油三酯并可适度增加HDL;烟酸(例如,尼亚科(NIACOR))适度降低LDL胆固醇和甘油三酯;和/或前述的组合(例如,维妥力(VYTORIN)(依泽替米贝与辛伐他汀)。可以与本文所述的CD73抑制剂组合使用的候选胆固醇治疗包括各种补充剂和草药(例如大蒜,多廿烷醇和古蒿)。
本发明包括任何上述药学上可接受的盐,酸或衍生物。
具有炎症成分的免疫相关疾病和疾病。本发明提供了用CD73抑制剂和至少一种其它的治疗或诊断剂治疗和/或预防免疫相关疾病、病症和病症的方法;和具有炎性成分的相关疾病、病症和症状的方法。
可用于联合治疗的治疗剂的实例对潜在的疾病、病症或症状是特异性的,并且是技术人员已知的。
微生物疾病。本发明提供用CD73抑制剂和至少一种其它的治疗或诊断剂(例如,一种或多种其他抗病毒药物和/或一种或多种与病毒治疗无关的药物)治疗和/或预防病毒,细菌,真菌和寄生虫疾病、病症和症状以及与其相关的病症的方法。
这种组合疗法包括靶向各种病毒生命周期阶段并具有不同作用机制的抗病毒剂,包括但不限于以下:病毒脱壳抑制剂(例如,金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺);逆转录酶抑制剂(例如,阿昔洛韦,齐多夫定和拉米夫定);针对整合酶的代药剂;阻止转录因子与病毒DNA连接的药剂;影响翻译(例如反义分子)的药剂(例如,福米韦生);调节翻译/核酶功能的药剂;蛋白酶抑制剂;病毒装配调节剂(例如利福平);抗逆转录病毒药,例如核苷类似物逆转录酶抑制剂(例如叠氮胸苷(AZT),ddl,ddC,3TC,d4T);非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(如依法韦仑,奈韦拉平);核苷酸类似物逆转录酶抑制剂;和防止病毒颗粒释放的药剂(例如扎那米韦和奥司他韦)。治疗和/或预防某些病毒感染(例如HIV)通常需要一组(“鸡尾酒”)抗病毒剂。
提出与CD73抑制剂组合使用的其它抗病毒剂包括但不限于以下:阿巴卡韦、阿德福韦、金刚烷胺、安普瑞纳韦、安普瑞纳韦、阿比洛、阿塔扎那韦、阿曲普兰、博塞普雷维特、西多福韦、康比韦、达鲁那韦、德拉维定、地达诺苷、多卡诺、伊多昔定、依曲他滨、恩福韦肽、恩替卡韦、法米西洛韦、福桑普瑞纳韦、福斯卡奈特、福丰奈、http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_inhibitorganciclovir、伊巴他滨、伊莫诺维尔、碘(去氧尿)苷、咪喹莫特、茚地那韦、肌苷、各种干扰素(例如、聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a)、洛匹那韦、洛韦胺、马拉韦罗、吗啉胍、美替沙腙、奈非那韦、美沙松、喷昔洛韦、帕拉米韦、普来可那立、鬼臼毒素、雷特格韦、利巴韦林、普若密(pyramidine)、利托那韦、沙奎那韦、司他夫定、特拉普韦、替诺福韦、泰诺福韦、曲氟尿苷、阿巴卡韦、曲金刚胺、恩曲他滨、伐昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、立韦罗(vicriviroc)、阿糖腺苷、伟拉咪定和扎西他滨。
本发明提出本文所述的CD73功能抑制剂与抗寄生虫剂组合的用途。这些药剂包括但不限于:噻苯达唑、双羟萘酸吡咯烷、甲苯咪唑、吡喹酮、氯硝柳胺、二硫酚、奥沙尼喹、甲硝唑、伊维菌素、阿苯达唑、依氟尼汀、美拉胂醇、喷他脒、苯并咪唑、硝呋莫司和硝基咪唑。本领域技术人员知道可用于治疗寄生虫病的其它药剂。
本发明的实施方案提出本文所述的CD73抑制剂与可用于治疗或预防细菌病症的药剂组合的用途。抗菌剂可以以各种方式分类,包括基于作用机理,基于化学结构和基于活性谱。抗菌剂的实例包括靶向细菌细胞壁(例如头孢菌素和青霉素)或细胞膜(例如多粘菌素),或干扰必需细菌酶(例如磺胺、利福霉素和喹啉)。大多数靶向蛋白质合成的抗菌剂(例如,四环素和大环内酯类)是抑菌的,而例如氨基糖苷类的药剂是杀菌的。另一种对抗菌剂进行分类的方法是基于它们的目靶向特异性;“窄谱”药剂靶向特定类型的细菌(例如,革兰氏阳性细菌,例如链球菌),而“广谱”药剂对更广泛的细菌具有活性。本领域技术人员知道适用于特定细菌感染的抗菌剂类型。
本发明的实施方案提出本文所述的CD73抑制剂与可用于治疗或预防真菌病症的药剂组合的用途。抗真菌剂包括多烯(例如,两性霉素、制霉菌素和匹马菌素);唑类(如氟康唑、伊曲康唑和酮康唑);烯丙胺(例如萘替芬和特比萘芬)和吗啉(例如阿莫罗芬);和抗代谢药(例如5-氟胞嘧啶)。
本发明包括上述药剂(和药剂类别的成员)的药学上可接受的盐,酸或衍生物。
剂量
本发明的CD73抑制剂可以以一定的量给予受试者,所述的量取决于例如给药目标(例如,所需程度);受试者的年龄、体重、性别、健康和身体状况;给药途径;和疾病、病症、病症或其症状的性质。因此,给药方案可以考虑与所施用的药剂相关的任何不不良反应的存在,性质和程度。有效剂量和剂量方案可通过例如安全和剂量递增试验、体内研究(例如,动物模型)和本领域技术人员已知的其他方法容易地确定。
通常,给药参数规定剂量的量为小于对受试者可能具有不可逆毒性的量(最大耐受剂量(MTD))和不小于对受试者产生可测量的效果所需的量。考虑到给药途径和其它因素,这些量通过例如与ADME相关的药代动力学和药效学参数来确定。
有效剂量(ED)是在服用它的一些受试者中产生治疗反应或所需效果的药剂的剂量或量。药剂的“半数有效量”或ED50是在50%的给药群体中产生治疗反应或所需效果的药剂的剂量或量。虽然ED50通常是用作衡量药剂效果的合理预期指标,但考虑到所有相关因素,临床医生可能不一定认为是合适的剂量。因此,在某些情况下,有效量大于计算的ED50,在其它情况下,有效量小于计算的ED50,并且在其它情况下,有效量与计算的ED50相同。
此外,本发明的CD73抑制剂的有效剂量可以是当以一个或多个剂量给予受试者时产生相对于健康个体的期望结果的量。例如,对于经受特定疾病的受试者,有效剂量可以是将该疾病的诊断参数,测量值和标记物等改善至少约5%,至少约10%,至少约20%,至少约25%,至少约30%,至少约40%,至少约50%,至少约60%,至少约70%,至少约80%,至少约90%,或超过90%的剂量,其中100%被定义为正常受试者表现出的诊断参数,测量值和标记物等。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提出的CD73抑制剂可以每天受试者体重约0.01mg/kg(体重)至约50mg/kg,或约1mg/kg至约25mg/kg的剂量水平施用(例如,口服),每天一次或多次,以获得所需的治疗效果。
对于口服药剂的给药,组合物可以以片剂,胶囊等形式提供,其含有1.0至1000毫克活性成分,特别75.0、100.0、150.0、200.0、250.0、300.0、400.0、500.0、600.0、750.0、800.0、900.0和1000.0毫克活性成分。
在某些实施方案中,所需CD73抑制剂的剂量包含在“单位剂型”中。术语“单位剂型”是指物理上离散的单元,含有预定量的CD73抑制剂的各个单元单独或与一种或多种其它的试剂组合,足以产生所需效果。应理解,单位剂型的参数将取决于具体的药剂和要实现的效果。
试剂盒
本发明还提出包含CD73抑制剂及其药物组合物的试剂盒。如下所述,试剂盒通常以容纳各种组分的物理结构的形式,并且可以用于例如实施上述方法。
试剂盒可包括一种或多种本文公开的CD73抑制剂(提供在例如无菌容器中),其可以是适于给予受试者的药物组合物的形式。CD73抑制剂可以以易于使用的形式(例如片剂或胶囊)或以在给药前需要例如重构或稀释(例如粉末)的形式提供。当CD73抑制剂为需要由使用者重构或稀释的形式时,该试剂盒还可包括与CD73抑制剂一起包装或分开的稀释剂(例如,无菌水)、缓冲剂,药学上可接受的赋形剂等。当考虑组合疗法时,试剂盒可以单独含有几种试剂,或者它们可以已经在试剂盒中组合。试剂盒的各个组件可以封装在单独的容器内,并且所有各种容器可以在单个包装内。本发明的试剂盒可以设计用于适当保持容纳在其中的组分所需的条件(例如冷藏或冷冻)。
试剂盒可包含标签或包装说明书,其包括其中组分的识别信息及其使用说明(例如,剂量参数,活性成分的临床药理学,包括作用机制,药代动力学和药效学,不良反应,禁忌症等)。标签或插入物可包括例如批号和有效期的制造商信息。标签或包装插入物可以例如整合到容纳组分的物理结构中,分别包含在物理结构内,或固定到试剂盒的组件(例如安瓿,试管或小瓶)上。
标签或插入物还可包括或被并入计算机可读介质,例如磁盘(例如,硬盘、卡、存储盘)、光盘(例如CD或DVD-ROM/RAM)、DVD、MP3、磁带或电存储介质(例如RAM和ROM)或这些介质的混合体,例如磁/光存储介质、闪存介质或存储器。在一些实施例中,实际说明不存在于试剂盒中,但是提供了用于从远程源(例如,通过互联网)获得说明的方法。
实验
提出以下实施例以向本领域普通技术人员提供如何制备和使用本发明的完整公开和描述,并且不旨在限制发明人认为其发明的范围,它们也不旨在表示实施下面的实验,或者它们都是可以实施的实验。应当理解,不一定实施以现在时书写的示例性描述,而是可以实施这些描述以生成数据和其中描述的类似性质。已经努力确保关于所使用的数字(例如,量,温度等)的准确性,但是应该考虑一些实验误差和偏差。
除非另有说明,份数是重量份,分子量是重均分子量,温度是摄氏度(℃),压力是大气压或接近大气压。使用的标准缩写,包括以下内容:wt=野生型;bp=碱基对;kb=千碱基;nt=核苷酸;aa=氨基酸;s或sec=秒;min=分钟;h或hr=小时;ng=纳克;μg=微克;mg=毫克;g=克;kg=千克;dl或dL=分升;μl或μL=微升;ml或mL=毫升;l或L=升;μM=微摩尔;mM=毫摩尔;M=摩尔;kDa=千道尔顿;i.m=肌内;i.p.=腹膜内(ly);SC或SQ=皮下(ly);QD=每日;BID=每天两次;QW=每周;QM=每月;HPLC=高效液相色谱;BW=体重;U=单位;ns=无统计学意义;PBS=磷酸盐缓冲盐水;IHC=免疫组化;DMEM=改良杜氏伊格尔培养基(Dulbeco’s Modification of Eagle’s Medium);EDTA=乙二胺四乙酸。
LC:安捷伦1100系列;质谱仪:安捷伦G6120BA,单四极杆(single quad)LC-MS方法:安捷伦巴克斯(Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus)C18,4.6×100mm,3.5μM,35℃,1.5mL/min流速,从0%到100%B的2.5分钟梯度,然后在100%B下洗涤0.5分钟;A=0.1%甲酸/5%乙腈/94.9%水;B=0.1%甲酸/5%水/94.9%乙腈)快速柱:ISCORf+
反相HPLC:ISCO-EZ;柱:凯尼特(Kinetex)5μmEVOC18100A;250×21.2毫米(飞诺美公司(Phenomenex))
实施例1
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸的合成
步骤a:2,6-二氯-9-(2,3,5-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)嘌呤(13.5g,30mmol)、环戊胺(3.2mL,33mmol,1.1当量)和三乙胺(4.6mL,33mmol,1.1当量)在MeOH(60mL)的混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入7MNH3的MeOH(20mL)溶液,并在室温下搅拌反应1天。蒸发反应混合物,粗产物无需纯化即可用于下一步骤。ESI MS[M+H]+C15H21ClN5O4,计算值370.1,实测值370.2。
步骤b:将来自步骤a的产物溶于丙酮(100mL)中,加入2,2-二甲氧基丙烷(40mL)和p-TsOH×H2O(7.1g,37.5mmol,1.25当量)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用盐水(100mL)稀释,并小心地用饱和NaHCO3(200mL)淬灭。用EtOAc(2×200mL)萃取后,将合并的有机相用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到粗产物,将其不经纯化用于下一步骤(12.2g,98%)。ESI MS[M+H]+C18H25ClN5O4,计算值410.2,实测值410.1。
步骤c:1)在0℃下,将1)对甲苯磺酰氯(1.68g,8.8mmol)的吡啶(5ml)溶液滴加到步骤b的产物(3.0g,7.33mmol)的吡啶(45ml)溶液中。将混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟,然后温热至室温。搅拌过夜后,将反应混合物浓缩至干。得到的粗物质在乙酸乙酯中重构,用饱和NaHCO3和盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,减压浓缩。经柱色谱(SiO2,10%至60%梯度的EtOAc和己烷)获得所需的甲苯磺酸酯(3.61g,87%)。ESI MS[M+H]+C25H30ClN5O6S,计算值564.2,实测值564.2。
2)向上述甲苯磺酸酯(1.0g,1.77mmol)的DMF(8.85mL)溶液中加入叠氮化钠(345mg,5.31mmol)。将所得悬浮液密封并加热至80℃过夜。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物在乙酸乙酯和水之间分配。将有机层用水和盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,并在减压下浓缩。标题化合物(548mg)无需进一步纯化即可使用。ESI MS[M+H]+C18H23ClN8O3,计算值435.2,实测值435.2。
步骤d:在室温下,向步骤c产物(548mg,1.26mmol)的THF(6.3mL)和水(0.42mL)溶液中加入三苯基膦(992mg,3.78mmol)。搅拌过夜后,将反应物用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用1MNaOH,水和盐水洗涤。将有机相用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。经柱色谱(SiO2,0至10%梯度的甲醇和CH2Cl2)后得到标题化合物。ESI MS[M+H]+C18H25ClN6O3,计算值409.2,实测值409.2。
步骤e:1)在室温下,向步骤d的产物(1.26mmol),二乙基膦酰乙酸(1.51mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(1.10mL,6.3mmol)的DMF(6mL)溶液中加入HATU(574mg,1.51mmol)。将混合物搅拌1小时,然后用乙酸乙酯稀释,依次用10%柠檬酸,饱和NaHCO3,水和盐水。将有机相用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。经柱色谱(SiO2,0至10%梯度的甲醇和CH2Cl2)后得到标题化合物(553mg,75%,两步)。ESI MS[M+H]+C24H36ClN6O7P,计算值587.2,实测值587.3。
2)向上述产物(540mg,0.921mmol)的乙腈(5mL)溶液中加入溴三甲基硅烷(1ml)。将反应在室温下搅拌3小时,加入水(1mL)并将反应物搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用氮气流浓缩,用水(3ml)稀释,并通过制备型HPLC(C18,乙腈和含0.1%TFA水溶液梯度)直接纯化。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.48(d,J=15.3Hz,1H),8.35(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.99(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),5.79(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.68–4.51(m,1H),4.43(q,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.07(dd,J=5.3,3.4Hz,1H),3.93(td,J=5.5,3.3Hz,1H),3.39(dt,J=14.4,5.4Hz,2H),2.75–2.55(m,2H),2.15–1.83(m,2H),1.78–1.44(m,6H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C17H24ClN6O7P,计算值491.1,实测值491.2。
实施例2
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸的合成
步骤a:1)在0℃下,向实施例1的步骤b的产物(6.29g)的二氯乙烷(125mL)溶液中加入戴斯-马丁试剂(7.17g,16.9mmol)。将所得悬浮液温热至室温并搅拌过夜。将反应用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用1M NaOH,水和盐水洗涤。将有机层用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。粗产物无需进一步纯化即可使用。ESI MS[M+H2O+H]+C18H24ClN5O5,计算值426.2,实测值426.3
2)向装有来自前一步骤的粗醛的烧瓶中加入二氯乙烷(150mL)。向所得溶液中加入甲胺(40wt%水溶液,2.4g,30.6mmol),然后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(3.89g,18.4mmol)。2小时后反应完成,并在乙酸乙酯和1M NaOH之间分配。将有机层用水和盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。通过柱色谱(SiO2,0至15%梯度的甲醇和CH2Cl2)纯化,得到灰白色固体标题化合物(2.7g,43%)。ESI MS[M+H]+C19H27ClN6O3,计算值423.2,实测值423.3。
步骤b:1)在室温下,向步骤a的产物(146mg,0.345mmol),二乙基膦酰基乙酸(81mg,0.414mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(0.30mL,1.73mmol)的DMF(3.5mL)溶液中加入HATU(157毫克,0.414毫摩尔)。将混合物搅拌1小时,然后用乙酸乙酯稀释,依次用10%柠檬酸,饱和NaHCO3水溶液,水和食盐水洗涤。将有机相用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。经柱色谱(SiO2,0至10%梯度的甲醇和CH2Cl2)后获得丙酮化物保护的膦酰基-乙酰胺(125mg,60%)。ESI MS[M+H]+C25H38ClN6O7P,计算值601.2,实测值601.4。
2)向上述产物(125mg)的乙腈(5mL)溶液中加入溴三甲基硅烷(0.5ml)。将反应在室温下搅拌3小时,加入水(0.5mL)并将反应物搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用氮气流浓缩,用水(5ml)稀释,并通过制备型HPLC(C18,乙腈和含0.1%TFA的水的梯度)直接纯化。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.49–8.40(m,0.6H),8.39–8.32(m,0.4H),5.83(d,0.4H),5.80(d,J=6.2Hz,0.6H),5.28–4.93(m,0.4H),4.67–4.57(m,1H),4.56–4.34(m,1H),4.18–4.00(m,2H),3.90–3.70(m,1H),3.51–3.38(m,1H),3.05(s,2H),3.02–2.82(m,1H),2.80(s,1H),1.94(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),1.73(d,J=16.3Hz,3H),1.66–1.44(m,4H)。ESI MS[M-H]-C18H26ClN6O7P,计算值503.1,实测值503.1。
实施例3
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(乙基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸的合成
使用与如实施例2相同的方法,从乙胺盐酸盐和三乙胺开始,得到白色固体的标题化合物:1H NMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.50–8.29(m,2H),5.91–5.69(m,1H),5.04(s,0.5H),4.71(s,0H),4.59–4.49(m,0H),4.43(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.17–4.02(m,2H),3.87–3.74(m,1H),3.50–3.33(m,2H),3.26(dt,J=15.0,6.9Hz,1H),2.94–2.62(m,2H),1.93(s,2H),1.72(s,3H),1.68–1.43(m,5H),1.05(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),0.96(t,J=6.9Hz,2H)。ESI MS[M-H]-C19H28ClN6O7P,计算值517.1,实测值517.2。
实施例4
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(2-羟乙基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸的合成
使用与实施例2相同的方法,从乙醇胺开始,得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.52–8.17(m,2H),5.83–5.64(m,1H),4.97(s,0.5H),4.67–4.51(m,0.5H),4.49–4.30(m,0.5H),4.15–3.95(m,2H),3.93–3.71(m,1H),3.52–3.32(m,2H),3.07–2.81(m,1H),2.72(d,J=21.1Hz,1H),1.86(s,2H),1.65(s,2H),1.58–1.41(m,4H)。ESI MS[M-H]-C19H28ClN6O8P,计算值533.1,实测值533.2。
实施例5
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(丙基-2-基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸的合成
使用与实施例2相同的方法,从异丙胺开始,得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.43(s,1H),8.38–8.30(m,1H),5.84(d,J=4.2Hz,0.5H),5.78(d,J=6.3Hz,0.5H),4.79–4.68(m,0.5H),4.51–4.35(m,1H),4.30–4.08(m,3H),3.99(q,J=5.6Hz,0.5H),3.74(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.68(dd,J=14.2,4.8Hz,1H),3.29(dd,J=14.1,6.8Hz,1H),3.04–2.80(m,2H),2.76–2.62(m,0.5H),2.05–1.86(m,2H),1.78–1.66(m,2H),1.66–1.48(m,4H),1.20–0.93(m,6H)。ESI MS[M-H]-C20H30ClN6O7P,计算值531.2,实测值531.2。
实施例6
{[苄基({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基})氨基甲酰基]甲基}膦酸的合成
使用与实施例2相同的方法,从苄胺开始,得到白色固体的标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.53–8.24(m,2H),7.45–7.03(m,5H),5.89–5.70(m,1H),4.87–4.77(m,0.5H),4.72–4.36(m,3H),4.20–4.07(m,2H),3.94–3.61(m,1H),3.54–3.30(m,0.5H),3.12–2.96(m,0.5H),2.92–2.64(m,1H),1.93(s,2H),1.80–1.66(m,2H),1.65–1.48(m,4H)。ESIMS[M-H]-C24H30ClN6O7P,计算值579.2,实测值579.3。
实施例7
2-(N-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}-2-膦酰基乙酰氨基)乙酸的合成
使用与实施例2相同的方法,从甘氨酸叔丁酯盐酸盐开始,得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.53–8.29(m,3H),5.82(d,J=4.6Hz,0.5H),5.78(d,J=6.5Hz,0.5H),5.26–4.96(m,1H),4.87–4.79(m,0.5H),4.70–4.55(m,1H),4.57–4.37(m,2H),4.28(br.s,1H),4.26–4.18(m,0.5H),4.13(s,1H),4.09–4.02(m,2H),3.99–3.71(m,2H),3.40(dd,J=14.3,7.8Hz,1H),3.11–2.64(m,3H),2.06–1.84(m,2H),1.72(br.s,2H),1.63–1.48(m,4H)。ESI MS[M-H]-C19H26ClN6O9P,计算值547.1,实测值547.2。
实施例8
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(环丙基甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸的合成
使用与实施例2相同的方法,从环丙基甲基胺开始,得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.40(s,0.5H),8.34–8.23(m,1.5H),5.81(d,J=4.1Hz,0.5H),5.76(d,J=5.9Hz,0.5H),4.70–4.58(m,1H),4.52–4.35(m,1H),4.19–4.02(m,2H),3.93–3.75(m,1.5H),3.48(d,J=10.4Hz,0.5H),3.36(dd,J=15.5,6.3Hz,0.5H),3.28–3.15(m,1H),3.08(dd,J=13.9,6.7Hz,0.5H),2.97–2.63(m,2H),1.92(br.s,2H),1.70(br.s,2H),1.63–1.45(m,4H),1.20–0.86(m,1H),0.48–0.28(m,2H),0.20–0.07(m,2H)。ESI MS[M-H]-C21H30ClN6O7P,计算值543.2,实测值543.2。
实施例9
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[环戊基(甲基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(环丙基甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸的合成
使用与实施例1和实施例2相同的方法,由环丙基甲基胺得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(混合物或旋转异构体,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.48(s,1H),8.36(s,1H),5.85(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),5.80(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.61(dd,J=5.9,4.7Hz,0.5H),4.46(dd,J=5.3,4.0Hz,0.5H),4.17–4.05(m,3H),3.86(td,J=9.0,8.3,4.3Hz,2H),3.54(dd,J=14.0,6.9Hz,1H),3.37(dd,J=15.3,6.5Hz,1H),3.30–3.20(m,2H),3.12(dd,J=13.8,6.7Hz,1H),2.99–2.84(m,2H),2.83–2.69(m,0.5H),1.93–1.80(m,4H),1.79–1.55(m,9H),1.07–0.84(m,1H),0.49–0.32(m,2H),0.24–0.10(m,2H)。ESI MS[M-H]-C22H32ClN6O7P,计算值557.2,实测值557.2。
实施例10
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[环戊基(甲基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基]}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(乙基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸的合成
使用与实施例1和实施例2相同的方法,从乙胺盐酸盐开始,得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.50(s,1H),8.37(s,1H),5.86(d,J=4.4Hz,0.5H),5.82(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.65(dd,J=6.3,4.6Hz,1H),4.50(t,J=4.8Hz,0.5H),4.11(tt,J=5.7,2.8Hz,3H),3.85–3.66(m,2H),3.44(dq,J=14.6,7.4Hz,3H),3.34–3.20(m,1H),2.94–2.66(m,3H),1.92–1.57(m,2H),1.80–1.54(m,9H),1.06(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.97(t,J=7.0Hz,2H)。ESI MS[M-H]-C20H30ClN6O7P,计算值531.2,实测值531.2。
实施例11
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸的合成
使用与实施例1和2相同的方法,从(S)-2-氨基四氢呋喃开始,得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.61–8.43(m,1.6H),8.38(d,J=1.3Hz,0.4H),5.83(d,J=4.5Hz,0.4H),5.81–5.77(m,0.6H),4.61(app s,1.4H),4.50(s,0.6H),4.16–4.01(m,2H),3.94–3.67(m,5H),3.65–3.54(m,1H),3.42(s,1H),3.03(s,2H),2.97–2.79(m,1H),2.78(s,1H),2.74–2.62(m,0.4H),2.26–2.09(m,1H),2.07–1.85(m,1H)。ESI MS[M-H]-,C17H24ClN6O8P,计算值505.1,实测值505.3。
实施例12
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-氯-4-(环戊基氨基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]]嘧啶-1-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸的合成
步骤a:将核苷衍生物(22g,49.3mmol)溶解在MeOH(100mL)中并冷却至0℃。加入环戊胺(5.1g,51.8mmol,1.05当量)和三乙胺(7.2mL,51.8mmol,1.05当量),将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟,然后在室温下搅拌4小时。加入7M NH3的MeOH(60mL)溶液,并将反应物在室温下搅拌1天。蒸发反应混合物,粗产物无需纯化即可用于下一步骤。ESI MS[M+H]+,C15H21ClN5O4,计算值370.1,实测值370.2
步骤b:向步骤a的产物(4.2g,11.4mmol)的丙酮(20mL)和2,2-二甲氧基丙烷(20mL)的悬浮液中加入p-TsOH×H2O(0.646g,3.4mmol,0.3当量)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟,然后蒸发。将残留物与饱和NaHCO3(10mL)和H2O(50mL)一起搅拌。滤出白色固体,用H2O(2×30mL)洗涤并在真空下干燥(4.2g,90%)。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.70(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.24(s,1H),6.18(s,1H),5.28(dd,J=6.1,1.8Hz,1H),4.90(dd,J=6.2,2.1Hz,1H),4.85(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.41(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),4.16–4.06(m,1H),3.51–3.40(m,1H),3.38–3.30(m,1H),2.04–1.92(m,2H),1.79–1.52(m,6H),1.50(s,3H),1.31(s,3H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C18H25ClN5O4,计算值410.2,实测值410.2。
步骤c:将丙酮化物保护的核苷(2g,4.9mmol)溶解于CH2Cl2(50mL)中并冷却至0℃。加入固体NaHCO3(412mg,4.9mmol),然后加入戴斯-马丁试剂(2.5g,5.9mmol,1.2当量),并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时(或直至LCMS分析显示不再有起始原料)。将反应混合物用饱和NaHCO3水溶液淬灭,分离有机层,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。粗产物无需纯化即可用于下一步骤。ESI MS[M+H]+,C18H23ClN5O4,计算值408.1,实测值408.2。
步骤d:将来自步骤c的产物溶于CH2Cl2(100mL)中,并在室温下与40%MeNH2水溶液(4.2mL,49mmol,10当量)一起搅拌10分钟。加入Na(OAc)3BH(2.1g,9.8mmol,2当量),并在室温下搅拌反应1小时,此时加入第二份Na(OAc)3BH(2.1g,9.8mmol,2当量)并且再搅拌2.5小时。将反应混合物用饱和NaHCO3水溶液(50mL)淬灭,分离有机层,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。通过柱色谱(SiO2,Hex→100%EtOAc)纯化粗产物,得到黄色固体(540mg,26%)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C19H28ClN6O3,计算值423.2,实测值423.3。
步骤e:向步骤d的产物(530mg,1.25mmol),二乙基膦酰基乙酸(247mg,1.25mmol)和DIPEA(263μL,1.5mmol,1.2当量)的无水DMF(8mL)混合物中加入固体HATU(574mg,1.5mmol,1.2当量)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,然后用H2O(30mL)稀释,并用MTBE(3×10mL)萃取。将合并的有机相用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到粗产物,将其不经纯化用于下一步骤。ESI MS[M+H]+C25H39ClN6O7P,计算值601.2,实测值601.1。
步骤f:将来自步骤e的粗产物(330mg,0.55mmol)溶解在无水CH3CN(5mL)中,加入TMS-Br(0.5mL)并将反应物在室温下搅拌过夜。用H2O(1mL)淬灭并在室温下搅拌4小时,或直至LCMS分析显示丙酮化物保护基团完全裂解。蒸发反应混合物并通过反相HPLC(C18柱,0至30%梯度的乙腈和含0.1%TFA的水)纯化,得到白色固体的产物,收率41%(140mg):1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.76–8.61(m,1H),8.32–8.18(m,1H),6.05–5.95(m,1H),4.64–4.52(m,1H),4.48–4.32(m,2H),4.32–4.20(m,1H),4.20–4.12(m,1H),4.12–3.98(m,2H),3.98–3.86(m,1H),3.81–3.69(m,1H),3.66–3.55(m,1H),3.16–2.67(m,4H),2.04–1.91(m,2H),1.78–1.45(m,6H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C18H27ClN6O7P,计算值505.1,实测值505.3。
实施例13
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-氯-4-(环戊基氨基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]]嘧啶-1-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(环丙基甲基)-氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸的合成
使用与实施例12相同的方法从环丙基甲基胺获得白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.73–8.60(m,1H),8.27–8.14(m,1H),6.10–5.83(m,1H),4.59(dd,J=5.1,4.7Hz,0.5H),4.40(d,J=6.3Hz,0.5H),4.36–4.31(m,0.5H),4.30–4.21(m,0.5H),4.20–4.13(m,0.5H),4.12–4.05(m,1H),4.00(d,J=13.8Hz,0.5H),3.74(m,1H),3.50(d,J=15.7Hz,1H),3.24–3.04(m,2H),2.99–2.87(m,1H),2.87–2.70(m,0.5H),2.62–2.53(m,0.5H),2.08–1.86(m,2H),1.71(br.s,2H),1.64–1.47(m,4H),0.93–0.78(m,1H),0.48–0.26(m,2H),0.25–0.01(m,2H)。ESI MS[M-H]-C21H30ClN6O7P,计算值543.2,实测值543.2
实施例14
[({[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-4-氟-3-羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸的合成
步骤a:将2,6-二氯嘌呤(3.6g,18.8mmol)溶解在90mL乙腈中并用Cs2CO3(7.5g,23mmol,1.2当量)处理。将混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟。将已知的溴衍生物(8.75g,21mmol,1.1当量)溶解在100mL乙腈中,并通过加料漏斗滴加到混合物中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将混合物在硅胶垫上过滤并浓缩。将残留物吸附在二氧化硅上,并使用柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得到白色固体的产物,77%收率(7.72g)。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.39(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),8.10(ddt,J=8.5,3.1,0.9Hz,4H),7.74–7.36(m,6H),6.64(dd,J=21.8,2.8Hz,1H),5.83–5.69(m,1H),5.40(ddd,J=49.9,2.8,0.8Hz,1H),4.89–4.77(m,2H),4.62(q,J=4.0Hz,1H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C24H17Cl2FN4O5,计算值531.1,实测值531.1。
步骤b:1)将来自步骤a的产物(0.75g,1.4mmol),环戊基胺(0.2mL,2.1mmol,1.5当量)和Et3N(0.4mL,2.8mmol,2.0当量)无水EtOH(5mL)中的二氯化物在70℃下搅拌4小时。然后将反应混合物冷却至室温,过滤收集产物(白色固体,0.69g,73%),无需进一步纯化即可使用。ESI MS[M+H]+,C29H28ClFN5O5,计算值580.2,实测值580.3。
2)将上述产物(0.68g,1mmol)和K2CO3(0.4g,3mmol,3当量)溶解在10mL甲醇中并在室温下搅拌4小时。然后将反应混合物过滤并在硅胶垫上浓缩。使用柱色谱(二氯甲烷/甲醇)纯化反应混合物,得到白色固体的产物88%,0.33g)。(ESI MS[M+H]+,C15H20ClFN5O3,计算值372.1,实测值372.3。
步骤c:1)将来自上述步骤的二醇(875mg;2.35mmol)和咪唑(456mg,6.70mmol)DCM(12mL)溶液冷却至0℃并加入TBSCl(674mg,4.47mmol)作为一个部分的固体。将混合物温热至室温并搅拌1小时。除去溶剂并通过硅胶色谱法(0至30%EtOAc的己烷溶液)纯化残留物,得到所需白色固体产物(946mg;83%)。
2)将来自上述步骤的产物(987mg,2.03mmol),对甲苯磺酸一水合物(34mg;0.203mmol)的3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(4mL)和THF(20mL)溶液在室温下搅拌持续14小时。反应用三乙胺淬灭,蒸发溶剂,使残留物通过硅胶(EtOAc)塞。
3)将残留物重新溶解在THF(17mL)中,冷却至0℃,滴加TBAF(2.05mL,1.0MTHF溶液)。将混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟。蒸发溶剂并通过硅胶色谱法(0-5%MeOH的DCM溶液)纯化残留物,得到无色油状的所需产物(742mg,80%)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C20H27ClFN5O4,计算值456.2,实测值456.3。
步骤d:1)在0℃下,向来自步骤c的产物(470mg,1.03mmol)的二氯乙烷(10mL)溶液中加入戴斯-马丁试剂(522mg,1.27mmol)。将所得悬浮液温热至室温并搅拌过夜。将反应用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用1M NaOH,水和盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,并在减压下浓缩。粗物质直接用于下一步骤。
2)向装有粗醛的烧瓶中加入二氯乙烷(5mL)。向所得溶液中加入甲胺(40wt%水溶液,400mg,5.15mmol),然后加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(262mg,1.24mmol)。6小时后反应完成,在乙酸乙酯和水之间分配。将有机层用盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。通过柱色谱(SiO2,5至20%梯度的甲醇和CH2Cl2)纯化,得到灰白色固体的标题化合物(75mg,11%)。ESIMS[M+H]+,C21H30ClFN6O3,计算值469.2,实测值469.3。
步骤e:1)在室温下,向来自步骤d的产物(75mg,0.16mmol),二乙基膦酰基乙酸(38mg,0.19mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(84μL,0.48mmol)的DMF(2mL)溶液中加入HATU(72毫克,0.19毫摩尔)。将混合物搅拌1小时,然后用乙酸乙酯稀释,依次用10%柠檬酸,饱和NaHCO3、水和盐水洗涤。将有机相用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。得到的膦酰基-乙酰胺无需进一步纯化即可使用。
2)向上述产物的乙腈(2.5mL)溶液中加入溴三甲基硅烷(0.25ml)。将反应在室温下搅拌3小时,加入水(0.25mL)并将反应物搅拌过夜。将反应混合物用氮气流浓缩,用水(5ml)稀释,并通过制备型HPLC(C18,梯度的乙腈和含0.1%TFA水溶液)直接纯化。1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.36–8.28(m,1H),8.24–8.19(m,1H),8.15(d,J=2.4Hz,0H),6.34–6.14(m,1H),5.21–5.07(m,1H),5.04–4.86(m,1H),4.42–4.22(m,2H),4.04–3.88(m,1H),3.83–3.60(m,1H),3.58–3.44(m,1H),3.03(s,2H),2.97–2.60(m,3H),1.86(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),1.68–1.58(m,2H),1.58–1.41(m,5H)。ESI MS[M-H]-C18H25ClFN6O6P,计算值505.1,实测值505.1。
实施例15
2--({[(2S)-1-氧代-1-(丙-2-基氧基)丙基-2-基]氨基}(苯氧基)磷酰基)乙酸的合成
步骤a:向[2-(苄氧基)-2-氧代乙基]膦酸(17.5mmol)的吡啶(100mL)溶液中加入苯酚(6.33g,67.22)。mmol),H-Ala-OiPr·HCl(4.39g,26.19mmol)和三乙胺(27mL,192mmol)。通过套管向该悬浮液中加入新制备的三苯基膦(15.6g,59.3mmol)和二硫二吡啶(aldrithiol,13.5g,61.1mmol)的吡啶(100ml)溶液。将反应加热至60℃过夜。冷却至室温后,用乙酸乙酯稀释,依次用10%柠檬酸,饱和NaHCO3,水和盐水洗涤。将有机相用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。在两次色谱分离(SiO2,梯度EtOAc和己烷,然后SiO2,0至10%梯度的甲醇和CH2Cl2))之后获得所需产物(2.21g,30%)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C21H26NO6P,计算值420.2,实测值420.2
步骤b:在氮气下,向步骤a的产物(2.21g,5.27mmol)的乙醇(50mL)溶液中加入Pd/C(10wt%湿,250mg)。用氢置换氮气并在室温下搅拌反应。在1小时增量中,加入250mgPd/C至总量750mg,每次在加入之前用氮气置换氢气,随后用氢气喷射反应物。5小时后,反应物用乙酸乙酯稀释,通过硅藻土垫过滤,减压浓缩,得到标题化合物(1.50g,86%),其通过1HNMR判断纯度大于90%,无需进一步纯化即可使用。1HNMR(非对映异构体混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.35(ddd,J=8.6,7.5,3.7Hz,2H),7.22–7.12(m,3H),5.63(ddd,J=23.0,12.5,9.9Hz,1H),4.84(dp,J=7.5,6.2Hz,1H),3.94–3.81(m,1H),3.08(dd,J=5.9,2.4Hz,1H),3.03(dd,J=6.1,2.4Hz,1H),1.25–1.10(m,9H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C14H20NO6P,计算值330.1,实测值330.2。
实施例16
丙基-2-基(2S)-2-({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基](苯氧基)磷酰基}氨基)丙酸酯的合成
步骤a:将实施例2的步骤a产物(500mg,1.18mmol)溶解在乙腈(5mL)中并加入6NHCl(1mL)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用乙腈(20ml)稀释,减压浓缩至干,得到所需的胺-盐酸盐,将其直接用于前述反应。ESI MS[M+H]+,C16H23ClN6O3,计算值383.2,实测值383.3。
步骤b:向装有来自步骤a的产物(1.18mmol)的螺旋盖小瓶中加入DMF(6mL),然后加入实施例15的磷酸酰胺酯(Protide phosphoramidate)(388mg,1.18mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(617μL,3.54mmol)。随后加入HATU(448mg,1.18mmol),将混合物搅拌1小时,然后用乙酸乙酯稀释,依次用10%柠檬酸,饱和NaHCO3,水和盐水。将有机相用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。通过柱色谱(SiO2,0至10%梯度的甲醇和CH2Cl2))获得所需产物(206mg,25%)。1HNMR(非对映异构体和旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.47(s,1H),8.42–8.31(m,2H),7.39–7.25(m,3H),7.18–7.03(m,4H),5.83(dd,J=11.2,5.4Hz,2H),5.63(d,J=5.6Hz,0H),5.56–5.24(m,4H),4.88–4.75(m,1H),4.72–4.58(m,1H),4.57–4.47(m,0H),4.48–4.36(m,1H),4.24–4.05(m,3H),3.94–3.68(m,3H),3.59–3.42(m,1H),3.34(s,2H),3.31–3.12(m,3H),3.05(s,3H),2.89–2.79(m,1H),1.96(d,J=27.9Hz,3H),1.78–1.65(m,3H),1.63–1.47(m,6H),1.24–1.01(m,14H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C30H41ClN7O8P,计算值694.2,实测值694.4。
实施例17
甲基(2S)-2-({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基](苯氧基)磷酰基}氨基)丙酸酯的合成
使用与实施例16相同的方法获得白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(非对映异构体和旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.46–8.40(m,0.6H),8.36–8.34(m,0.3H),8.33–8.26(m,1.2H),7.35–7.24(m,2H),7.15–7.02(m,3H),5.81(dd,J=13.7,5.2Hz,1H),5.66–5.38(m,2H),5.35(app d,J=6.1Hz,0.4H),5.28(dd,J=8.6,4.6Hz,0.7H),4.69–4.56(m,0.6H),4.56–4.47(m,0.4H),4.47–4.33(m,0.6H),4.22–4.01(m,2H),4.00–3.65(m,2H),3.57–3.46(m,3H),3.27–3.12(m,2H),3.03(s,2H),2.89–2.75(m,1H),2.01–1.81(m,2H),1.76–1.63(m,2H),1.63–1.43(m,4H),1.18(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),1.13(d,J=7.0Hz,1.2H),1.08(d,J=7.0Hz,0.5H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C28H37ClN7O8P,计算值666.2,实测值666.3。
实施例18
丙基-2-基(2S)-2-({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]({[(2S)-1-氧代-1-(丙基-2-基氧基)丙基-2-基]氨基})磷酰基}氨基)丙酸酯的合成
步骤a:向[2-(苄氧基)-2-氧代乙基]膦酸(17.5mmol)的吡啶(90mL)溶液中加入H-Ala-OiPr·HCl(11.7g,69.84mmol)和三乙胺(24mL,175mmol)。通过套管向该悬浮液中加入新制备的三苯基膦(14.1g,69.84mmol)和二硫二吡啶(15.4g,69.8mmol)的吡啶(90ml)溶液。将反应加热至60℃,保持6小时。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,依次用10%柠檬酸,饱和NaHCO3,水和盐水洗涤。将有机相用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。通过柱色谱(SiO2,0至15%梯度的甲醇和CH2Cl2))纯化所需产物。通过反相色谱法(C18,含有0.1%甲酸的MeCN和H2O的梯度)再次纯化含有所需酰胺酸的馏分。ESI MS[M+H]+,C21H33N2O7P,计算值457.2,实测值457.3。
步骤b:在氮气氛下,向来自步骤a的产物(47mg,103mmol)的乙醇(2mL)溶液中加入Pd/C(10wt%湿,50mg)。用氢置换氮气并在室温下搅拌反应。5小时后,将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,通过硅藻土垫过滤,减压浓缩,得到标题化合物(38mg),其无需进一步纯化即可使用。ESI MS[M+H]+C14H27N2O7P,计算值367.2,实测值367.3。
步骤c:向装有来自实施例16步骤a的产物(0.15mmol)的螺旋盖小瓶中加入DMF(2mL),然后加入来自步骤b的双-氨基磷酸酯(0.10mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(90μL,0.515mmol)。随后加入HATU(47mg,0.124mmol),将混合物搅拌1小时,然后用乙酸乙酯稀释,依次用10%柠檬酸,饱和NaHCO3,水和盐水洗涤。将有机相用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。通过柱色谱(SiO2,乙酸乙酯和己烷的梯度)获得所需产物(42mg,57%)。1HNMR(非对映异构体和旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.49(s,0.6H),8.43–8.31(m,1.3H),5.84(d,J=4.3Hz,0.4H),5.80(d,J=6.1Hz,0.6H),5.12–4.97(m,0.6H),4.93–4.80(m,2H),4.69–4.38(m,5H),4.23–4.02(m,3H),3.89–3.70(m,4H),3.61–3.42(m,1H),3.10–2.75(m,5H),1.92(s,2H),1.74–1.66(m,3H),1.66–1.48(m,4H),1.34–1.10(m,18H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C30H48ClN8O9P,计算值731.3,实测值731.4。
实施例19
丙基-2-基(2S)-2-({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-4-羟基-3-[(2-甲基丙酰基)氧基]草脲胺-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基](苯氧基)磷酰基}氨基)丙酸酯的合成
在0℃下,向实施例16的(250mg,0.36mmol)的吡啶(3.6mL)溶液中,通过注射器滴加异丁酰氯(38μL,0.36mmol)。使反应温热至室温并搅拌2小时。减压浓缩反应混合物,将得到的残留物重新溶于乙酸乙酯中,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠,水和盐水洗涤。将有机相用硫酸镁干燥并浓缩至干。通过柱色谱(C18,梯度MeCN和含有0.1%甲酸的H2O)纯化粗产物,冷冻干燥后得到白色粉末的标题化合物(166mg,60%)。1HNMR(非对映异构体和旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.49–8.32(m,2H),7.35–7.20(m,2H),7.18–6.98(m,3H),6.17–6.01(m,1H),5.90–5.80(m,1H),5.59–5.43(m,1.5H),5.36(t,J=10.9Hz,0.5H),4.88–4.68(m,1H),4.45–4.35(m,1H),4.35–4.27(m,0.5H),4.04–3.76(m,3H),3.62(dd,J=14.1,7.2Hz,0.5H),3.30(s,3H),3.25–3.12(m,2H),3.09–2.98(m,2H),2.67–2.51(m,1.5H),1.91(s,2H),1.69(s,2H),1.64–1.45(m,5H),1.21–0.87(m,20H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C34H47ClN7O9P,计算值764.3,实测值764.4。
实施例20
N-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷2-基]甲基}-2-[4-(3-氯苯基)-2-氧代-1,3,2λ5-二氧磷杂环己烷-2-基]-N-甲基乙酰胺的合成
步骤a:在室温下向丙酮化物(实施例2,步骤b1,545mg,1.00mmol)和DMF(20μL)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液中逐滴加入草酰氯(186μL,2.20mmol)。将反应混合物在45℃下加热90分钟。然后浓缩反应。向残留物中加入Et3N(418μL,3.00mmol)和二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液,将混合物冷却至-20℃,并逐滴加入1-(3-氯苯基)-1,3-丙二醇的(187mg,1.00mmol)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液。将反应混合物在-20℃下搅拌30分钟,温热至室温,再搅拌1小时。蒸发溶剂并将残留物通过硅胶色谱法(0-5%MeOH的二氯甲烷溶液)纯化,得到所需黄色固体的产物(241mg,35%)。
步骤b:步骤a的产物(241mg,0.346mmol)的TFA/H2O(6.9mL,1:1比例)溶液在室温下搅拌1小时。蒸发溶剂并将残留物直接通过反相HPLC(C18柱,0至60%梯度的乙腈和含0.1%TFA的水)纯化,得到所需产物白色固体(170mg,75%,P-C非对映异构体的3:2混合物)。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.51–8.29(m,2H),7.55–7.29(m,4H),5.88–5.57(m,2H),4.70–4.02(m,6H),3.96–3.65(m,1H),3.58–3.25(m,2H),3.09(s,1H),3.04(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),2.84(s,1H),2.20–1.84(m,4H),1.63(d,J=63.1Hz,6H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C27H34Cl2N6O7P,计算值655.2,实测值655.2。
实施例21
二苯基[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]膦酸酯的合成
使用2当量的苯酚,以与实施例20类似的方式合成标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的1:1混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.42–8.40(m,1H),8.35(t,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.43–7.26(m,4H),7.26–7.13(m,4H),7.13–7.00(m,1H),5.87–5.82(m,1H),4.67–4.24(m,4H),4.18–4.05(m,2H),3.68–3.58(m,2H),3.72–3.37(m,3H),3.07(s,1.5H),2.86(s,1.5H),2.05–1.41(m,8H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C30H34ClN6O7P,计算值656.2,实测值657.3。
实施例22
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基](苯氧基)膦酸的合成
使用1当量的苯酚,以与实施例20类似的方式合成标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的2:1混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.32–8.24(m,2H),7.29–7.21(m,4H),5.82–5.80(m,2H),5.10–3.37(m,6H),3.20–2.98(m,2H),1.92–1.85(m,2H),1.67–1.42(m,6H)。ESI MS[M-H]-C24H30ClN6O7P,计算值579.2,实测值579.3。
实施例23
N-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}-N-甲基-2-(2-氧代-2,4-二氢-1,3,2λ5-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-2-基)乙酰胺的合成
将膦酰氯(230mg,0.39mmol)溶于无水CH2Cl2(5mL)中并冷却至0℃。加入固体2-(羟甲基)苯酚(72mg,0.58mmol,1.5当量),然后加入三乙胺(217μL,1.56mmol,4当量)。将反应在0℃下搅拌1小时,然后用三氟乙酸(3mL)淬灭并在室温下搅拌5小时。蒸发反应混合物并通过反相HPLC(C18柱,0至40%梯度的乙腈和含0.1%TFA的水)纯化,得到产物白色固体,11%收率(32mg):1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.42(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),δ8.42(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.40–8.31(m,1H),7.39–6.97(m,4H),5.86–5.75(m,1H),5.55–5.23(m,3H),4.66–4.38(m,2H),4.25–3.98(m,2H),3.90–3.60(m,2H),3.57–3.23(m,6H),2.04–1.85(m,2H),1.79–1.45(m,6H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C25H31ClN6O7P,计算值593.2,实测值593.3
实施例24
N-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}-N-甲基-2-(2-氧代-2,4-二氢-1H-3,1,2λ5苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-2-基)乙酰胺的合成
1)向实施例20-步骤a1的产物(250mg,0.43mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(374μL,2.15mmol)的二氯甲烷(8.6mL)溶液中一批加入2-氨基苄醇(106mg,0.86mmol)。将反应物搅拌过夜,浓缩至干。将所得残留物直接用于下一步骤。ESI MS[M+H]+C28H35ClN7O6P,计算值632.2,实测值632.3。
2)向含有上述步骤产物的螺旋盖小瓶中加入90%v/vTFA/H2O。将混合物搅拌15分钟,在乙酸乙酯和饱和NaHCO3之间分配。将有机相用盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。将粗产物在DMSO(2mL)中重构,并用制备型HPLC(C18,梯度MeCN和含有0.1%甲酸的H2O)分离后得到标题化合物。1HNMR(非对映异构体和旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.53–8.29(m,3H),7.27–7.09(m,2H),6.93–6.79(m,2H),5.85–5.73(m,1H),5.62(d,J=5.7Hz,0.5H),5.49(d,J=6.1Hz,0.5H),5.38(dd,J=5.9,2.8Hz,0.5H),5.29(dd,J=5.8,4.8Hz,0.5H),5.24–4.96(m,2H),4.68–4.50(m,1H),4.49–4.35(m,0.5H),4.18–3.95(m,2H),3.77–3.63(m,1H),3.26–3.07(m,2H),3.08–2.91(m,2H),2.05–1.86(m,3H),1.78–1.66(m,2H),1.66–1.48(m,3H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C25H31ClN7O6P,计算值592.2,实测值592.2。
实施例25
N-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}-N-甲基-2-(8-甲基-2-氧代-2,4-二氢-1H-3,1,2λ5-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-2-基)乙酰胺的合成
使用与实施例24相同的方法,由3-甲基-2-氨基苄醇得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(非对映异构体和旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.45–8.27(m,2H),7.86–7.68(m,1H),7.15–6.92(m,2H),6.88–6.75(m,1H),5.85–5.73(m,1H),5.48(d,J=6.2Hz,0.5H),5.37(d,J=5.8Hz,0.5H),5.28(dd,J=9.7,4.8Hz,0.5H),5.14–4.95(m,2H),4.65–4.36(m,1H),4.25–3.86(m,1H),3.78–3.56(m,1H),3.22–2.84(m,3H),2.28–2.11(m,3H),2.02–1.84(m,2H),1.79–1.65(m,2H),1.65–1.47(m,4H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C26H33ClN7O6P,计算值606.2,实测值606.3
实施例26
双({[(丙基-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基)({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4--二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基磷酸酯的合成
步骤a:将丙酮化合物(实施例2,步骤b1,500mg,0.92mmol)置于氮气下并溶解在2mL无水DMF中。向所得溶液中加入氯甲基异丙基碳酸酯(1.3mL,9.2mmol,10当量),然后加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(1.6mL,9.2mmol,15当量)。将混合物加热至60℃保持9小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物减压浓缩,粗残留物通过反相快速色谱(C18柱,0至100%梯度的乙腈和含0.1%甲酸的水)纯化,得到白色固体的单烷基化产物(26a,90mg,15%)和白色固体的双烷基化产物(26b,220mg,31%)。
步骤b:在0℃下,将来自步骤a的26b(220mg)溶于4mL的90%TFA/水中。在环境温度下搅拌15分钟后,将混合物减压浓缩,并将粗残留物通过反相快速色谱法(C18柱,0至100%梯度的乙腈和含0.1%甲酸的水)纯化,得到产物白色固体。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δδ8.42(s,0.6H),8.37–8.33(m,1.4H),5.83(dd,J=13.0,5.4Hz,1H),5.68–5.48(m,4H),5.36(dd,J=13.0,5.3Hz,1H),4.89–4.76(m,2H),4.64(d,J=5.7Hz,0.8H),4.55(d,J=5.5Hz,0.6H),4.43(d,J=7.4Hz,0.8H),4.16(d,J=5.3Hz,0.5H),4.07(dt,J=7.2,3.8Hz,2H),3.86–3.62(m,2H),3.49–3.37(m,2H),2.98(s,2H),2.82(s,1H),1.92(s,2H),1.71(s,2H),1.55(d,J=8.5Hz,5H),1.24(dt,J=6.2,1.2Hz,13H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C28H43ClN6O13P,计算值737.2,实测值737.3。
实施例27
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]({[(丙基-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲氧基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例26类似的方式从化合物26a合成标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δδ8.42(s,0.6H),8.34(d,J=1.2Hz,0.4H),8.31(d,J=7.8Hz,0.8H),5.82(d,J=4.4Hz,0.3H),5.78(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.46(t,J=11.1Hz,0.8H),5.02(s,0.5H),4.84–4.70(m,1H),4.60(s,0.4H),4.49(s,1H),4.41(d,J=8.8Hz,1.5H),4.14(s,1.3H),4.06(s,2H),3.73(s,1.5H),3.44(s,1.3H),2.98(d,J=23.1Hz,2H),2.78(s,1H),1.91(s,2H),1.70(s,2H),1.54(s,4H),1.21(dt,J=6.3,1.1Hz,7H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C23H35ClN6O10P,计算值621.2,实测值621.3。
实施例28
双[(乙氧基羰基)氧基]甲基({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)-磷酸甲烷酯的合成-
以与实施例26类似的方式合成标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.40(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),8.40–8.26(m,1H),5.90–5.73(m,1H),5.69–5.43(m,4H),5.43–5.26(m,1H),5.01(s,0.5H),4.61(s,0.6H),4.52(s,0.4H),4.41(d,J=7.4Hz,0.7H),4.24–4.11(m,4H),4.05(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),3.84–3.58(m,1H),3.50–3.33(m,2H),2.96(s,2H),2.80(s,1H),1.91(s,2H),1.69(s,2H),1.64–1.47(m,4H),1.26–1.16(m,6H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C26H39ClN6O13P,计算值709.2,实测值709.3。
实施例29
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]({[(乙氧基羰基)氧基]甲氧基})膦酸的合成
以与实施例27类似的方式合成标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.53–8.12(m,2H),6.52(s,0.4H),5.77(d,J=25.6Hz,1H),5.51–5.30(m,1H),5.18(s,0.4H),4.49(d,J=56.9Hz,1H),4.24–4.00(m,3H),2.90(d,J=134.9Hz,2H),2.62(d,J=21.2Hz,1H),1.91(s,2H),1.69(s,2H),1.54(s,4H),1.19(td,J=7.1,3.6Hz,3H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C22H33ClN6O10P,计算值607.2,实测值607.3。
实施例30
双[(甲氧基羰基)氧基]甲基({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)-甲基磷酸酯的合成
使用与实施例26相同的方法获得白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.45–8.22(m,2H),5.83(dd,J=12.7,5.3Hz,1H),5.66–5.46(m,5H),5.34(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),4.73–4.37(m,2H),4.20–4.00(m,2H),3.77(t,J=2.6Hz,6H),3.52–3.35(m,2H),3.05–2.73(m,3H),2.05–1.84(m,2H),1.75–1.43(m,6H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C24H35ClN6O13P,计算值681.2,实测值681.3。
实施例31
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环己烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]({[(甲氧基羰基)-氧基]甲氧基})膦酸的合成
使用与实施例27相同的方法得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.45(s,1H),8.39–8.29(m,1H),5.86–5.77(m,1H),5.54–5.44(m,3H),4.70–4.37(m,2H),4.20–4.05(m,2H),3.74(s,3H),3.34(s,3H,被HDO掩蔽),3.07–2.77(m,3H),1.96–1.91(m,2H),1.78–1.45(m,6H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C21H31ClN6O10P,计算值593.2,实测值593.3。
实施例32
双({[(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基)({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基磷酸酯的合成
使用与实施例26相同的方法获得白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.41–8.36(m,0.6H),8.36–8.33(m,0.4H),8.30(app d,J=7.7Hz,1H),5.87–5.76(m,1H),5.64–5.45(m,6H),5.33(dd,J=5.9,1.6Hz,0.4H),5.30(dd,J=4.8,1.6Hz,0.6H),4.67–4.48(m,1H),4.46–4.36(m,0.6H),4.18–3.99(m,2H),3.90–3.59(m,6H),3.51–3.32(m,2H),2.96(s,2H),2.80(s,1H),2.08–1.81(m,2H),1.78–1.64(m,2H),1.64–1.47(m,4H),0.92–0.85(m,18H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,计算值793.3,实测值793.4
实施例33
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环己烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]({[(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)-羰基]氧基}甲氧基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例27相同的方法得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.45–8.24(m,2H),5.82(d,J=4.5Hz,0.4H),5.79(d,J=6.2Hz,0.6H),5.58–5.39(m,2H),4.69–4.32(m,2H),4.18–3.97(m,2H),3.84–3.66(m,3H),3.55–3.32(m,1H),3.16–2.71(m,5H),2.08–1.80(m,2H),1.73–1.64(m,2H),1.62–1.47(m,5H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C25H38ClN6O10P,计算值649.2,实测值649.3。
实施例34
双({[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基)({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)-甲基磷酸酯的合成
使用与实施例26相同的方法获得白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.45–8.19(m,2H),5.87–5.68(m,1H),5.68–5.26(m,5H),4.69–4.35(m,2H),4.31–3.96(m,5H),3.87–3.59(m,1H),3.59–3.50(m,3H),3.49–3.19(m,5H),3.00–2.73(m,3H),2.04–1.84(m,2H),1.80–1.65(m,2H),1.65–1.46(m,4H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C28H43ClN6O15P,计算值769.2,实测值769.3。
实施例35
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]({[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)羰基]-氧基}甲氧基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例27相同的方法得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.53–8.23(m,2H),5.82(dd,J=15.0,5.2Hz,1H),5.50(t,J=10.6Hz,3H),4.66–4.36(m,1H),4.24(tt,J=4.0,2.4Hz,1H),4.08(s,1H),3.76(s,1H),3.58–3.50(m,6H,被HDO掩蔽),3.25(s,3H),3.06–2.77(m,3H),2.07–1.84(m,2H),1.79–1.44(m,6H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C23H35ClN6O11P,计算值637.2,实测值637.3
实施例36
({[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]({[(2,2-二甲基丙酰基)氧基]-甲氧基})磷酰基}氧基)甲基2,2-二甲基丙酸酯的合成
以与实施例26类似的方式合成标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.43(s,1H),8.35(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.95(s,0.3H),5.82(dd,J=11.6,5.3Hz,1H),5.58(td,J=14.2,13.7,5.6Hz,4H),5.36(dd,J=11.5,5.3Hz,1H),5.05(s,0.4H),4.64(s,0.7H),4.53(s,0.4H),4.47–4.37(m,1H),4.16(s,0.4H),4.13–4.01(m,1H),3.91–3.61(m,1H),2.98(s,2H),2.89(d,J=0.5Hz,1H),2.82(s,1H),2.77–2.68(m,1H),1.92(s,2H),1.71(s,2H),1.56(s,4H),1.15(d,J=8.2Hz,18H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C30H47ClN6O11P,计算值733.3,实测值733.3。
实施例37
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]({[(2,2-二甲基丙酰基)氧基]-甲氧基})膦酸的合成
以与实施例27类似的方式合成标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.43(s,0.4H),8.34(s,0.4H),8.30(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.91–5.69(m,1H),5.62–5.31(m,2H),5.02(s,0.6H),4.60(s,0.6H),4.41(s,1H),4.10(d,J=31.6Hz,2H),3.78(d,J=17.6Hz,1H),3.02(s,2H),2.94(d,J=20.8Hz,1H),2.79(s,1H),1.92(s,3H),1.70(s,2H),1.54(s,4H),1.19–1.05(m,8H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C24H37ClN6O9P,计算值619.2,实测值619.3。
实施例38
双({[(丙基-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基)({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(环丙基甲基)-氨基甲酰基)甲基磷酸酯的合成
使用与实施例26相同的方法获得白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.47–8.18(m,2H),5.86–5.73(m,1H),5.62–5.43(m,6H),5.33(dd,J=6.1,2.3Hz,0.4H),5.27(dd,J=4.9,2.3Hz,0.6H),4.85–4.73(m,2H),4.68(br s,0.6H),4.57–4.32(m,1.4H),4.21–4.02(m,2H),3.96–3.67(m,2H),3.53–3.34(m,2H),3.26–3.01(m,2H),2.04–1.82(m,2H),1.76–1.64(m,2H),1.64–1.45(m,5H),1.27–1.17(m,12H),1.03–0.89(m,1H),0.38(h,J=5.1Hz,2H),0.16(dt,J=12.5,8.4Hz,2H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C31H46ClN6O13P,计算值777.3,实测值777.4。
实施例39
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(环丙基甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]({[(丙基-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲氧基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例27相同的方法得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.40(s,0.6H),8.35–8.27(m,1.4H),5.81(d,J=4.0Hz,0.4H),5.76(d,J=6.0Hz,0.6H),5.51–5.37(m,2H),4.81–4.71(m,1H),4.71–4.58(m,0.4H),4.51–4.35(m,1.6H),4.21–4.01(m,2.4H),3.90–3.76(m,2.6H),3.22–2.74(m,4H),2.02–1.82(m,2H),1.76–1.63(m,2H),1.64–1.44(m,4H),1.25–1.16(m,6H),1.05–0.84(m,1H),0.45–0.30(m,2H),0.23–0.07(m,2H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C26H38ClN6O10P,计算值661.2,实测值661.3。
实施例40
双({[(丙基-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基)({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊烷-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基磷酸酯的合成
使用与实施例26相同的方法获得白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.61–8.28(m,2H),5.82(app dd,J=12.0,5.0Hz,1H),5.66–5.43(m,5H),5.37–5.27(m,1H),4.86–4.73(m,2H),4.57(d,J=35.6Hz,2H),4.19–3.99(m,2H),3.95–3.64(m,4H),3.64–3.55(m,1H),3.50–3.34(m,2H),2.96(s,2H),2.80(s,1H),2.18(brs,1H),2.08–1.84(m,1H),1.27–1.17(m,12H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C27H40ClN6O14P,计算值739.2,实测值739.3。
实施例41
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊烷-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]({[(丙基-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲氧基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例27相同的方法得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.60–8.46(m,1.6H),8.41(s,0.4H),5.82(d,J=4.1Hz,0.4H),5.76(d,J=5.9Hz,0.6H),5.43–5.31(m,1.6H),5.31–5.13(m,0.4H),4.80–4.71(m,0.6H),4.68–4.42(m,1.4H),4.15–4.00(m,1H),3.94–3.79(m,2H),3.75–3.64(m,2H),3.63–3.56(m,1H),3.10–2.97(m,4H),2.77–2.63(m,4H),2.27–2.09(m,1H),2.07–1.80(m,1H),1.26–1.09(m,6H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C22H32ClN6O11P,计算值623.2,实测值623.3。
实施例42
双({[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基)({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊烷-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基磷酸酯的合成
使用与实施例26相同的方法获得白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.59–8.33(m,2H),5.84(d,J=4.6Hz,0.4H),5.81(d,J=6.1Hz,0.6H),5.65–5.45(m,5H),5.34(d,J=5.9Hz,0.4H),5.33–5.28(m,0.6H),4.67–4.48(m,2H),4.28–4.20(m,4H),4.18–3.99(m,2H),3.93–3.64(m,4H),3.60(dd,J=8.7,4.5Hz,1H),3.56–3.48(m,4H),3.48–3.34(m,2H),3.34–3.26(m,4H),3.26–3.18(m,5H),2.96(s,2H),2.80(s,1H),2.29–2.09(m,1H),2.08–1.82(m,1H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C27H40ClN6O16P,计算值771.2,实测值771.3。
实施例43
双[(乙氧基羰基)氧基]甲基({[(2R,3S,4R,5R5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S))-氧杂环戊烷-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基磷酸酯的合成
使用与实施例26相同的方法获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:ESI MS[M+H]+,C25H36ClN6O14P,计算值711.2,实测值711.3。
实施例44
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊烷-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]({[(乙氧基羰基)氧基]甲氧基})膦酸的合成
使用与实施例27相同的方法得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.59–8.45(m,1.6H),8.40(s,0.4H),5.83(d,J=4.4Hz,0.4H),5.79(d,J=6.1Hz,0.6H),5.51–5.41(m,3H),4.61(br s,1.6H),4.50(br s,0.4H),4.18–4.09(m,2.4H),4.09–4.02(m,1.6H),3.94–3.81(m,2H),3.81–3.67(m,1H),3.62–3.56(m,1H),3.49–3.38(m,1H),3.02(s,2H),2.99–2.81(m,2H),2.78(s,1H),2.26–2.10(m,1H),2.07–1.86(m,1H),1.28–1.10(m,3H)。ESI MS[M+H]+C21H30ClN6O11P,计算值609.1,实测值609.3。
实施例45
双({[(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基)({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊烷-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊烷--2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基磷酸酯的合成
使用与实施例26相同的方法获得白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.56(s,1H),8.44(d,J=1.1Hz,0.6H),8.39(d,J=1.1Hz,0.3H),5.83(d,J=4.4Hz,0.4H),5.80(d,J=6.1Hz,0.6H),5.63–5.49(m,5H),5.36(dd,J=5.9,1.1Hz,0.4H),5.33(dd,J=4.9,1.1Hz,0.6H),4.67–4.48(m,2H),4.18–3.98(m,1H),3.94–3.54(m,10H),3.49–3.34(m,2H),2.96(s,2H),2.80(s,1H),2.26–2.08(m,1H),2.07–1.84(m,1H),0.88(s,21H)。ESI MS[M+H]+,用于C31H48ClN6O14P,计算值795.3,实测值795.5。
实施例46
[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊烷-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4--二羟基氧杂环戊烷-2-基]甲基}(甲基)氨基甲酰基)甲基]({[(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲氧基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例27相同的方法得到白色固体的标题化合物:1HNMR(旋转异构体的混合物,400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.60–8.46(m,1.6H),8.40(s,0.4H),5.82(d,J=4.4Hz,0.4H),5.81–5.75(m,0.6H),5.51–5.36(m,2H),4.69–4.42(m,2H),4.17–3.97(m,1H),3.94–3.66(m,6H),3.59(dd,J=8.9,4.7Hz,1H),3.43(dd,J=13.8,7.1Hz,0.4H),3.12–2.65(m,6H),2.28–2.10(m,1H),2.06–1.85(m,1H),0.87(s,9H)。。ESI MS[M+H]+C24H36ClN6O11P,计算值651.2,实测值651.3。
表格1
表格1:具体实施例(效力:CD73IC50:+表示>1μM,++表示100nM至1μM,+++表示<100nM)。
Claims (56)
1.一种具有下式的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐,水合物或溶剂化物,其中,
R1a和R1b各自独立地选自下组:氢、任选取代的C1-C6烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的-C(R2aR2b)-芳基、-C(R2aR2b)-OC(O)-OR3、-C(R2aR2b)-OC(O)R3、和-C(R2aR2b)C(O)OR3;
任选地,R1a和R1b基团组合从而形成5-至6-元杂环;
各个R2a和R2b各自独立地选自H和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;
各个R3各自独立地选自下组:H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C4烷氧基(C1-C4)烷基和任选取代的芳基;
R5a和R5b各自独立地选自下组:H、任选取代的C1-C6烷基、-C(O)OR3、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C6)烷基、芳基(C1-C6)烷基、C3-C6环烷基和芳基;
各个X各自独立地选自下组:O、NH和S;
A选自下组:
其中各个取代基任选被1至5个R6取代基取代,且其中下标n是0至3的整数;
Z选自下组:NH、NR6和O;
各个R6各自独立地选自下组:CH3、ORg、CN、F和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;或相邻环顶点上的两个R6基团任选地连接在一起形成具有至少一个杂原子作为环顶点的5-至6-元环;且
Het选自下组:
其中波浪线表示与化合物其余部分的连接点,
其中各个G,当存在时,各自独立地选自下组:N和CRe,并且其中:
Ra选自下组:H、NH2、NHR7a、NHC(O)R7a、NR7aR7b、R7a、OH、SR7a和OR7a;
Rb选自下组:H、卤素、NH2、NHR7a、NR7aR7b、R7a、OH和OR7a;
Rc和Rd各自独立地选自下组:H,卤素,卤代烷基,NH2,NHR7a,NR7aR7b,R7a,OH、OR7a、SR7a、SO2R7a、-X1-NH2、-X1-NHR7a、-X1-NR7aR7b、-X1-OH、-X1-OR7a、-X1-SR7a和-X1-SO2R7a;
各个Re各自独立地选自下组:H、卤素和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;
各个Rg各自独立地选自下组:H和-C(O)-C1-C6烷基;
各个X1为C1-C4亚烷基;且
各个R7a和R7b各自独立地选自下组:任选取代的C1-C10烷基、任选取代的C2-C10烯基、任选取代的C2-C10炔基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的4-7元杂环烷基、任选取代的4-7元杂环烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的芳基C2-C4烯基、任选取代的芳基C2-C4炔基、任选取代的杂芳基、任选取代的杂芳基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的杂芳基C1-C4烯基,和任选取代的杂芳基C2-C4炔基;当R7a和R7b与相同的氮原子连接时,任选地连接在一起形成4-至7-元杂环,任选与芳环稠合。
2.如权利要求1的化1合物,其特征在于,A为
其任选地被1至5个R6取代。
3.如权利要求2所述的化合物,其特征在于,A选自下组:
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,Het为
5.如权利要求4所述的化合物,其特征在于,Rc不为氢。
6.如权利要求5所述的化合物,其具有选自下组的通式:
7.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其特征在于,各个X为氧。
8.如权利要求7所述的化合物,其特征在于,Re为氢。
9.如权利要求8所述的化合物,其特征在于,各个Rg为氢。
10.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R5a选自下组:H、任选取代的C1-4烷基、-C(O)OR3、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C4)烷基和芳基(C1-C4)烷基,且R5b为H。
11.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R5a选自下组:H、任选取代的C1-4烷基、-C(O)OR3、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C4)烷基和芳基(C1-C4)烷基,R5b为H,且各个X为O。
12.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R5a选自下组:H、任选取代的C1-4烷基、-C(O)OR3、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C4)烷基和芳基(C1-C4)烷基,R5b为H,各个X为O,且R1a和R1b为H。
13.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,Het选自
14.如权利要求13所述的化合物,其特征在于,R5a选自下组:任选取代的C1-3烷基、-C(O)OH、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C2)烷基和苯基(C1-C2)烷基,R5b为H,各X为O,且R1a和R1b为H。
15.如权利要求13所述的化合物,其特征在于,R5a选自下组:任选取代的C1-3烷基、-C(O)OH、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C2)烷基和苯基(C1-C2)烷基,R5b为H,各个X为O,R1a和R1b为H,Re为H,Ra选自下组:NH2、NHR7a和NR7aR7b。
16.如权利要求13所述的化合物,其特征在于,R5a选自下组:任选取代的C1-3烷基、-C(O)OH、C3-C6环烷基(C1-C2)烷基和苯基(C1-C2)烷基,R5b为H,各个X为O,R1a和R1b为H,Re为H,Rc不为H、且Ra为NHR7a。
17.如权利要求16所述的化合物,其特征在于,R7a选自下组:任选取代的C3-C7环烷基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的4-7元杂环烷基和任选取代的4-7元杂环烷基C1-C4烷基。
18.如权利要求17所述的化合物,其特征在于,R7a为C3-C7环烷基、或4-7元杂环烷基C1-C4烷基。
19.如权利要求18所述的化合物,其特征在于,R7a为环戊基。
20.如权利要求6所述的化合物,具有下式:
21.如权利要求20的化合物,其特征在于,R1a和R1b为H;各个X为O;Rg为H;并且Rc为Cl。
22.如权利要求6所述的化合物,具有下式:
23.如权利要求22所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1a和R1b为H;各个X为O;Rg为H;和Rc为Cl。
24.如权利要求20所述的化合物,具有下式:
25.如权利要求22所述的化合物,具有下式:
26.如权利要求6所述的化合物,具有下式:
27.如权利要求26所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1a和R1b为H;各个X为O;Rg为H;和Rc为Cl。
28.如权利要求6所述的化合物,具有下式:
29.如权利要求28所述的化合物,其特征在于,R1a和R1b为H;各个X为O;Rg为H;和Rc为Cl。
30.如权利要求26所述的化合物,具有下式:
31.如权利要求28所述的化合物,具有下式:
32.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其为选自表1的化合物。
33.一种药物组合物,包含如权利要求1至32中任一项所述的化合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
34.一种治疗至少部分由CD73介导的疾病、病症或症状的方法,所述方法包括向所需的受试者施用有效量的如权利要求1至32中任一项所述的化合物。
35.如权利要求34所述的方法,其特征在于,所述化合物以能够逆转或阻止CD73介导的免疫抑制进展的量给药。
36.如权利要求34所述的方法,其特征在于,所述疾病,病症或症状是癌症。
37.如权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,所述癌症为前列腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、胰腺癌、宫颈癌、胃癌、子宫内膜癌、脑癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、卵巢癌、睾丸癌、头颈癌、皮肤癌(包括黑素瘤和基底癌)、间皮癌、白细胞(包括淋巴瘤和白血病)、食道癌、乳腺癌、肌肉癌、结缔组织癌、肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌和非小细胞癌)、肾上腺癌、甲状腺癌、肾癌或骨骼癌;或胶质母细胞瘤、间皮瘤、肾细胞癌、胃癌、肉瘤(包括卡波西氏肉瘤)、绒毛膜癌、皮肤基底细胞癌或睾丸精原细胞瘤。
38.如权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,所述癌症选自下组:黑素瘤、结肠癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、白血病、脑肿瘤、淋巴瘤、卵巢癌和卡波西肉瘤。
39.如权利要求34所述的方法,其特征在于,所述疾病,病症或症状为选自下组的免疫相关疾病,病症或症状:类风湿性关节炎、肾衰竭、狼疮、哮喘、牛皮癣、结肠炎、胰腺炎、过敏、纤维化、贫血性纤维肌痛、阿尔茨海默病、充血性心力衰竭、中风、主动脉瓣狭窄、动脉硬化、骨质疏松症、帕金森病、感染、克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎、过敏性接触性皮炎和其它湿疹、系统性硬化症和多发性硬化症。
40.一种包含如权利要求1至32中所述的化合物和至少一种其它治疗剂的组合。
41.如权利要求40所述的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种其它治疗剂为化学治疗剂、免疫和/或炎症调节剂、抗高胆固醇血症剂或抗感染剂。
42.如权利要求40所述的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种其它治疗剂为免疫检查点抑制剂。
43.一种包含如权利要求1至32中所述的化合物和至少一种其它治疗剂的的试剂盒。
44.如权利要求43所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述至少一种其它治疗剂为化学治疗剂、免疫和/或炎症调节剂、抗高胆固醇血症剂或抗感染剂。
45.如权利要求43所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述的至少一种其它治疗剂是免疫检查点抑制剂。
46.一种治疗受试者癌症的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的如权利要求1至32中任一项所述的化合物和免疫检查点抑制剂。
47.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,所述施用是在放射治疗之前、同时或之后。
48.如根据权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,所述化合物和所述免疫检查点抑制剂联合施用。
49.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,所述化合物和所述免疫检查点抑制剂为顺序施用。
50.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,所述化合物在所述免疫检查点抑制剂后施用。
51.如权利要求46所述的方法,其特征在于,所述化合物在所述免疫检查点抑制剂之前施用。
52.如权利要求42、45,46中任一项所述的组合,试剂盒或方法,其特征在于,所述免疫检查点抑制剂选自下组:伊匹木单抗(ipulimumab)、纳武单抗(nivolumab)和派姆单抗(lambrolizumab)。
53.一种治疗受试者癌症的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的如权利要求1至32中任一项所述的化合物。
54.如权利要求53所述的的方法,其特征在于,所述癌症是前列腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、胰腺癌、宫颈癌、胃癌、子宫内膜癌、脑癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、卵巢癌、睾丸癌、头颈癌、皮肤癌(包括黑素瘤和基底癌)、间皮癌、白细胞(包括淋巴瘤和白血病)、食道癌、乳腺癌、肌肉癌、结缔组织癌、肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌和非小细胞癌)、肾上腺癌、甲状腺癌、肾癌或骨骼癌;或胶质母细胞瘤、间皮瘤、肾细胞癌、胃癌、肉瘤(包括卡波西氏肉瘤)、绒毛膜癌、皮肤基底细胞癌或睾丸精原细胞瘤。
55.如权利要求53所述的方法,其特征在于,所述癌症选自黑素瘤、结肠癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、白血病、脑肿瘤、淋巴瘤、卵巢癌和卡波西肉瘤。
56.如权利要求53所述的方法,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述施用是在放射治疗之前、同时或之后。
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