CN110006303A - A kind of blocking explosion wave emergency explosion-proof lamp - Google Patents
A kind of blocking explosion wave emergency explosion-proof lamp Download PDFInfo
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- CN110006303A CN110006303A CN201910248265.6A CN201910248265A CN110006303A CN 110006303 A CN110006303 A CN 110006303A CN 201910248265 A CN201910248265 A CN 201910248265A CN 110006303 A CN110006303 A CN 110006303A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of blocking explosion wave emergency explosion-proof lamps, belong to emergency explosion-proof technology field.The present invention develops the multi-level lightweight protective material of a kind of " reflection-barrier-energy-absorbing-support ", and wherein the superpower alloy-steel sheet of reflecting layer selection abnormity realizes effectively spreading, meet the needs of flameproof system emergency management and rescue quick response for explosion wave；Barrier layer selects fibre resin to enhance composite material, plays the role of obstructing shock wave and splash；Absorbing energy layer selects porous material, plays the role of absorbing shock wave energy；Supporting layer selects fibre resin to enhance composite material, plays a supportive role to resilient foam layer.Multilayered structure synergistic effect of the invention, it can effectively reflect, absorb explosion wave, reduce damage of the explosion wave to personnel and building, realize the protective of anti-repeat impact, effectively promote its time delay and attenuating shock wave, and then show excellent explosion-proof performance, important leverage is provided for public emergent protection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to explosion-proof technology fields of meeting an urgent need, and in particular to a kind of blocking explosion wave emergency explosion-proof lamp.
Background technique
Explosion-proof lamp is integrated use various new explosion-proof technology, meets Military and civil fields safety defense system and prepares
A kind of emergency multifunctional material.In recent years, " 8.12 " PORT OF TIANJIN, " 6.5 " Linyi petrochemical industry and " 6.29 " Yancheng share etc. are all kinds of quick-fried
Fried event emerges one after another, and the practical application requests such as engineering explosion are also continuously increased in addition, and emergency explosion-proof lamp becomes research and development
Hot spot.
For the public emergents application demand such as subsequent explosion and structure demolition, traditional guardrail and flameproof system are reality
Body structure (including metal material, suggestion earth embankment, sand pocket, sandstone fills unit and concrete etc.), these entity guard members are anti-
Shield efficiency is low, weight is big, construction is complicated, has a single function, and seriously affects the service efficiency and economy of guard member.In recent years
Come, many scholars increase enough ductility and energy dissipation capacity using perforated foams, to absorb and reflect detonation wave, with steel
Plate, concrete supporting member combine, and develop steel plate-foamed aluminium-steel plate, the poly- ammonia of polyurethane foam-concrete-in succession
The structural systems such as ester foam, rigid polyurethane foam, metal mesh-ceramic foam,.However, these structures are mostly different materials
The simple randomization of material combines, and that there are still compression strength is low, barrier property is poor, weight is big, protective performance is poor and not easy to assemble etc. asks
Topic is unable to satisfy the requirement of emergency high reliability.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of multi-level explosion-proof lamps for stopping explosion wave, and it is explosion-proof to meet emergency
The features such as high performance needed for material, lightweight, protective performance are good, easily build and remove, realize that emergency management and rescue are safe and quick
The demand of response.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of explosion-proof lamp, the explosion-proof lamp is by reflecting layer, barrier layer, energy-absorbing
Layer and supporting layer composition, the barrier layer and supporting layer are filled using fibre reinforced composites, wherein barrier layer with
The thickness ratio of absorbing energy layer is (15-40): (10-60).
In one embodiment of the invention, the explosion-proof lamp is by " reflection-barrier-energy-absorbing-support " four parts
Sequence is constituted.
In one embodiment of the invention, the reflecting layer is high performance alloys.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the explosion-proof lamp reflecting layer morphology include arch,
Diamond shape, honeycombed any one.
In one embodiment of the invention, the reflecting layer is prepared using spray deposition processing.
In one embodiment of the invention, the proportional region of the reflection layer weight and integrated explosion proof system material weight is
15%-35%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the reflecting layer with a thickness of 4-15mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the barrier layer is filled out using high-performance fiber enhancing composite material
It fills, high-performance fiber enhancing composite material includes aramid fiber and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber any one or two kinds
Mix.
In one embodiment of the invention, the barrier layer fibre structure is 3 D weaving, three-dimensional woven, two-dimentional machine
Knit, it is unidirectional any one.
In one embodiment of the invention, the matrix of the barrier layer includes epoxy resin, phenolic resin, vinyl
Any one in resin.
In one embodiment of the invention, the barrier layer uses resin transfer molding technique, vacuum aided
Moulding process or die press technology for forming any one.
In one embodiment of the invention, the gel content of fibre reinforced composites is 20%- in the barrier layer
60%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the proportional region of the barrier layer weight and integrated explosion proof system material weight is
15%-50%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the barrier layer with a thickness of 15-60mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the absorbing energy layer in the explosion-proof lamp be porous material, including foamed aluminium,
One of polyurethane foam, foamed ceramics, poly- methyl-prop acid imide (PMI) foam, lattice material are a variety of.
In one embodiment of the invention, the porosity ranges of the absorbing energy layer in the explosion-proof lamp are 5%-
30%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the proportional region of the energy-absorbing layer weight and integrated explosion proof system material weight is
5%-20%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the absorbing energy layer with a thickness of 10-60mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the supporting layer is filled out using high-performance fiber enhancing composite material
It fills, the high-performance fiber enhancing composite material includes that aramid fiber, high-tenacity polyethylene fibre and carbon fibre composite are any
It is one or more.
In one embodiment of the invention, the supporting layer fibre structure is 3 D weaving, three-dimensional woven, two-dimentional machine
Knit, it is unidirectional any one.
In one embodiment of the invention, the matrix of the supporting layer includes epoxy resin, phenolic resin, vinyl
Any one in resin.
In one embodiment of the invention, the gel content of fibre reinforced composites is 20%- in the supporting layer
60%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the supporting layer uses resin transfer molding technique, vacuum aided
Moulding process or die press technology for forming any one.
In one embodiment of the invention, the proportional region of the support layer weight and integrated explosion proof system material weight is
15%-45%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the supporting layer with a thickness of 5-60mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the explosion-proof lamp include: by reflecting layer, barrier layer,
Absorbing energy layer, supporting layer successively utilize junction layer material to connect, and multi-level explosion-proof lamp is made.
In one embodiment of the invention, the junction layer material includes epoxy glue, polyurethane elastomer, polyethylene
One of film is a variety of.
In one embodiment of the invention, the explosion-proof lamp is auxiliary using resin transfer molding technique, vacuum
Help moulding process or die press technology for forming any one.
It include above-mentioned explosion-proof lamp in the blast wall a second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of blast wall.
Third object of the present invention is applied to above-mentioned explosion-proof lamp in emergency field of explosion.
The invention has the benefit that
The present invention is multi-level explosion-proof protective materials, and reflecting layer is that explosion-proof lamp meets quick-fried face, it not only increases explosion-proof
The compression strength of material is effectively reduced peak overpressure also by the design of geometry, improves the absorption of explosion wave
And albedo；Fibre reinforced composites selected by barrier layer can effectively obstruct the transmitting effect of sputtered debris, in turn
It reduces because of explosion splashing bring damage；Absorbing energy layer selects porous material, can extend action time, reduces peak overpressure, utilizes
It, which is deformed, absorbs more energy；Fibre reinforced composites selected by supporting layer, it is not only light-weight, and material can be promoted
Intensity increases protection frequency range, realizes repeat impact, and then keep the integrality of flameproof system.Compared to conventional entity structure,
Under the premise of weight reduces by 30%, explosion compression strength can promote 15%-30%.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the multi-level novel protective material structure schematic diagram of the present invention, wherein I is reflecting layer；II is barrier layer；III is
Absorbing energy layer；IV is supporting layer；Wherein I shape is diamond shape in (a), (b) in I shape be honeycombed, (c) in I shape be
Arch.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
To keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the invention patent clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing for the present invention
The problem of intending to solve, statement the method applied in the present invention etc..
As shown in Figure 1, propagation attenuation characteristics and interfacial effect principle according to shock wave, the present invention proposes " reflection-resistance
Every-energy-absorbing-support " multi-level lightweight protective material structure.Wherein reflecting layer I selects the superpower alloy of abnormity, on the one hand logical
The design for crossing morphology realizes on the other hand effective diffusion of explosion wave easily quickly organizes installation and dismantling by alloy
The characteristics of unloading is to meet the needs of flameproof system emergency management and rescue quick response；Barrier layer II selects fibre reinforced composites, rises
To the effect of barrier shock wave and splash；Absorbing energy layer III selects porous material, plays the role of absorbing shock wave energy；Support
Layer IV selects fibre reinforced composites, to playing a supportive role.
Using piezoelectricity or piezoresistance sensor, it is installed on the sample back side, between tape measure explosive and sensor
Distance, sensor is connected with charge amplifier by mininoise cable, then is connect with oscillograph.After explosion, received by sensor
And converted electrical number, through cable input charge amplifier, and then analyzes and obtain explosion compression strength；The compression strength measured is got over
It is small, illustrate that the explosion-proof effect of material is better.
In order to more clearly from state the purpose of the present invention and effect, the present invention will be done further in conjunction with specific example
It illustrates.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in attached drawing 1 (b), reflecting layer I uses 7055 alloy of honeycombed, with a thickness of 7mm；Barrier layer II is multiple using aramid fiber
Condensation material, aramid fiber composite material are formed by 80 layers of fiber cloth laying, and laying angle is 0 °/90 °, and barrier layer is with a thickness of 25mm；It inhales
Ergosphere III selects polyurethane foam, and porosity is 20%, with a thickness of 50mm；Supporting layer IV selects carbon fibre composite, paving
Layer angle be 0 °/90 °, select 70 layers of carbon cloth laying to be combined, it is compound after plank with a thickness of 20mm.In explosion-proof lamp
The mass fraction in reflecting layer is 18.38%, absorbing energy layer 12.30%, barrier layer 36.75%, supporting layer 32.57%.
Combination process in barrier layer II and supporting layer IV selects vacuum assistant resin infused: by the fiber cloth according to
The size of 420mm × 420mm is cut, and fiber cloth is then put into drying in baking oven with 0 °/90 ° of laying angle laying
8h, it is using tempered glass as mold, its surface alcohol wipe is clean, release agent is uniformly coated on tempered glass, is smeared
Range is greater than the size of fiber cloth, applies again after to be dried one time, totally three times, centre leaves no gaps, and spreads according to this in fiber cloth
Release cloth and flow-guiding screen (release cloth and flow-guiding screen will cover fiber cloth) and fixed into gum outlet, finally sealed vacuum bag.
It is evacuated using vacuum pump, determines that package system is air tight, when vacuum degree reaches 0.95MPa or more, start to prepare resin, composite wood
Expect that matrix selects E-51 epoxy resin, curing agent selects polyetheramine H023, and it is 3 that resin matrix, which matches (epoxy resin: curing agent):
1.The pipeline of glue-feeder is put into the resin of preparation, constant pressure a few minutes are kept after resin impregnated, baking oven is subsequently placed into and is consolidated
Change, solidification temperature is 60 DEG C, curing time 8h.
Junction layer between each structure sheaf uses epoxy jelly membrane, with room-temperature curing epoxy adhesive that glass fabric is complete
Be made after dipping, then under hygrometric state by its paving between each layer.The length and width dimensions of finally formed explosion-proof lamp are determined as
Composite material gel content employed in 400mm × 400mm, barrier layer II and supporting layer IV is respectively 45% and 50%.Gained
Thus the multi-level lightweight protective material overall thickness prepared is 102mm, density 1.00g/cm3。
0.9kg emulsion is placed in the reflecting layer side of multi-level explosion-proof lamp prepared by embodiment 1, away from reflection
PVDF piezoelectric transducer is placed at layer 2m, the explosion-proof layer back side.Test display, the compression strength of 1 explosion-proof lamp of embodiment are
23.58MPa。
Embodiment 2:
As shown in attached drawing 1 (c), reflecting layer I uses 7055 alloy of arch, with a thickness of 6mm；Barrier layer II uses supra polymer
Weight polyethylene composite material, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composite material are 80g/m by surface density2150 layers of fiber cloth laying and
At, laying angle is [0 °/45 °/- 45 °/90 °] s, it is compound after plank with a thickness of 30mm；Absorbing energy layer III selects light foam
Aluminium, porosity 25%, with a thickness of 45mm；Supporting layer IV selects carbon fiber three-dimensional braided composite material, and braid angle is 30 °,
Plank after compound is with a thickness of 15mm.The mass fraction in reflecting layer is 18.17% in explosion-proof lamp, absorbing energy layer 8.98%, resistance
Interlayer is 44.67%, supporting layer 28.18%.
Combination process in barrier layer II and supporting layer IV selects RTM technique, and by fabric, laying in a mold, adds as required
Enter proper amount of acetone infiltration be put into baking oven drying 8h, release agent is coated around mold after drying, then by mold closure and it is close
Envelope starts to prepare resin, and matrices of composite material selects TDE-86 epoxy resin；It is whole in order to guarantee that resin has preferable viscosity
A injecting glue process carries out in the baking oven that temperature is 60 DEG C.When the pressure of pressure pump is 0.3Mpa, infuse resin into mold
Until complete wetting fabric；Composite curing technique is 130 DEG C/2h+150 DEG C/1h+160 DEG C/8h+130 DEG C/3h.
Junction layer between each layer uses polyethylene film, using the method for hot pressing by polyethylene film with reflecting layer I, poly-
The sequence laying of vinyl film, barrier layer II, polyethylene film, absorbing energy layer III, polyethylene film, supporting layer IV, and in hot pressing
Place 2h in machine, setting temperature is 90 DEG C, the length and width dimensions of finally formed multi-level lightweight explosion-proof lamp be determined as 400mm ×
Composite material gel content employed in 400mm, barrier layer II and supporting layer IV is respectively 60% and 50%.
The density of resulting multi-level lightweight explosion-proof lamp is 0.929g/cm3, and thickness is 96mm.By 0.9kg emulsion
It is placed in the reflecting layer side of multi-level explosion-proof lamp prepared by embodiment 1, away from reflecting layer 2m, PVDF is placed at the explosion-proof layer back side
Piezoelectric transducer.Test display, the compression strength of 2 explosion-proof lamp of embodiment are 19.28MPa.
3 process optimization of embodiment
(1) barrier layer thickness optimization:
The thickness of barrier layer is substituted for 3mm, 15mm, 40mm, 55mm by reference implementation example 2, and other conditions are constant, preparation
Explosion-proof lamp is obtained, the compression strength of test material, the results are shown in Table 1.
The barrier layer compression strength of 1 different weight accounting of table
By test data it is found that the thickness of barrier layer is excessive or too small, antiknock effect can all decrease, especially when
When barrier layer accounting is smaller, the capability of antidetonance is worse.Show by largely optimizing experiment when the thickness of barrier layer is in 10-40mm
When, antiknock effect is preferable.
(2) optimization of absorbing energy layer thickness:
Reference implementation example 2 changes absorbing energy layer thickness, and other conditions are constant, and explosion-proof lamp, the pressure resistance of test material is made
Degree.As a result such as table 2.
The absorbing energy layer compression strength of 2 different-thickness of table
By test data it is found that the thickness of absorbing energy layer is excessive or too small, antiknock effect can all decrease, and thickness exists
When 20-50mm, antiknock effect is preferable.
Referring to embodiment 2, change barrier layer/absorbing energy layer thickness ratio, the constant obtained explosion-proof lamp of other conditions.Test material
The compression strength of material.The results are shown in Table 3.
The compression strength of the different barrier layers of table 3 and absorbing energy layer thickness than resulting materials
(3) optimization of supporting layer and reflecting layer:
Reference implementation example 2 changes the thickness of supporting layer and reflecting layer respectively, and other conditions are constant, and explosion-proof lamp is made, and surveys
The compression strength of test material material.As a result respectively as shown in table 4, table 5.
The reflecting layer compression strength of 4 different-thickness of table
As shown in Table 4, compression strength of the reflecting layer within the scope of 4-15mm is improved, resistance to compression when especially 6-10mm
Better effect.
The supporting layer compression strength of 5 different weight accounting of table
As shown in Table 5, compression strength of the reflecting layer within the scope of 4-57mm is improved, anti-when especially 15-20mm
Press better effect.
Reference examples 1:
Reference implementation example 1, the C80 concrete that preferred dimension size is 400mm × 400mm × 102mm, age is 28d are close
Degree is 2.4g/cm3, other test conditions are consistent, and measuring compression strength is 35.48Mpa, as a result, it has been found that its deformability is poor, wall
Afterwards individually point peak overpressures it is larger, stress distribution is not concentrated, be easy to be shattered when by explosion wave, explosion-proof effect compared with
Difference.It follows that compared with concrete blast wall, explosion resistance to compression of present invention while weight reduces by 38.7%, at backboard
Strength reduction 33.54%.It illustrates dynamic when lighting, significant reduction Blast Loads not only may be implemented in the present invention
Power enlarge-effect can also effectively realize explosion-proof effect.
Reference examples 2:
Referring to embodiment 1, omit barrier layer II, other conditions are constant, be prepared upper and lower panel be respectively aluminium alloy and
Carbon fibre composite, sandwich layer are the explosion-proof lamp of the sandwich structure of polyurethane foam, and test method is same as Example 1,
Test display meets quick-fried face (reflecting layer) extent of the destruction and is greater than embodiment 1, and foamed aluminium decrement increases, and deformation is relatively large,
The compression strength measured at lower panel is 42.15MPa, eliminates barrier material, obstructs the explosion-proof effect of ability of explosion wave
Fruit is poor.
Reference examples 3:
Four-layer structure is all substituted for steel plate, fixation is directly superimposed with steel nail between steel plate, every by reference implementation example 2
Layer steel plate back center places a PVDF piezoelectric transducer, and totally four, discovery compression strength gap is little, illustrates steel plate to quick-fried
The buffering barrier action of fried shock wave is not obvious, and the compression strength of lower panel is attained by 54.36MPa, and steel plate is impaired
More serious, degree of impairment is the pit for being difficult to reply mostly, and reusable rate is low.
Reference examples 4:
Presently preferred explosion-proof lamp realizes the requirement of explosion proof of " every ", " consumption ", " fast ", " every " mostly in terms of blast wall
Certain shielding can be played the role of for target after wall by being mainly reflected in blast wall, prevent car bomb etc. quick-fried close to target
It is fried." consumption " is mainly reflected in blast wall can absorb a large amount of explosion energies by METHOD FOR LARGE DEFORMATION ELASTOPLASTIC, mitigate shock wave to wall rear defence
Eye protection target damage effect, the present invention realize this 3 points requirement in all respects, have constructive meaning.
It has been the sandwich structure explosion-proof lamp that steel has been reported that, i.e., using two layers of high-intensitive thin panel and lightweight thicker core
Layer: the common plate of thin panel up and down, lightweight core layer are foamed aluminium materials, place one in the backboard centre of sandwich structure
PVDF sensor measures its compression strength, and the compression strength measured is 34.76MPa, and explosion-proof effect is poor, and this layer of material
After material is by biggish destruction, panel is easy to be damaged, and the fragment for causing it to generate causes secondary destruction.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of explosion-proof lamp, which is characterized in that the explosion-proof lamp is made of reflecting layer, barrier layer, absorbing energy layer and supporting layer；
The barrier layer and supporting layer are filled using fibre reinforced composites, and the thickness ratio of the barrier layer and absorbing energy layer is
(15-40): (10-60).
2. explosion-proof lamp according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the barrier layer with a thickness of 15-60mm.
3. explosion-proof lamp according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the barrier layer weight accounts for explosion-proof lamp gross weight
The mass fraction of amount is 15%-50%.
4. any explosion-proof lamp according to claim 1~3, which is characterized in that absorbing energy layer in the explosion-proof lamp
With a thickness of 10-60mm.
5. explosion-proof lamp according to claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that the energy-absorbing layer weight accounts for explosion-proof lamp weight
Mass fraction be 5%-20%.
6. explosion-proof lamp according to claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the reflecting layer accounts for explosion-proof lamp total weight
Mass fraction is 15%-35%.
7. any explosion-proof lamp according to claim 1~6, which is characterized in that the supporting layer with a thickness of 5-
60mm。。
8. any explosion-proof lamp according to claim 1~7, which is characterized in that the explosion-proof lamp be using reflecting layer,
Barrier layer, absorbing energy layer, supporting layer are connected in sequence using junction layer material.
9. a kind of blast wall, which is characterized in that include any explosion-proof lamp of claim 1~8 in the blast wall.
10. application of the explosion-proof lamp that claim 1~8 office is stated in emergency field of explosion.
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| CN110789204A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-02-14 | 国家电网有限公司 | Flexible fire-proof and explosion-proof blanket for cable |
| WO2021196317A1 (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-07 | 北京科技大学 | Novel combination shielding structure for preventing surrounding rock ground pressure disasters caused by mining |
| CN113844124A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-28 | 深圳市航天新材科技有限公司 | Multi-level composite protection structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN113945126A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2022-01-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Underwater multi-body cutting and separating device |
| CN114061391A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-18 | 南京理工大学 | Structure for weakening underwater explosion wall reflected wave |
| CN115972711A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-18 | 南京理工大学 | Fire-resistant explosion-proof composite board and preparation method thereof |
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