CN115752096A - Impact-resistant composite layer structure and manufacturing method and application thereof - Google Patents
Impact-resistant composite layer structure and manufacturing method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115752096A CN115752096A CN202211361719.9A CN202211361719A CN115752096A CN 115752096 A CN115752096 A CN 115752096A CN 202211361719 A CN202211361719 A CN 202211361719A CN 115752096 A CN115752096 A CN 115752096A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an impact-resistant composite layer structure and a manufacturing method and application thereof. The composite layer structure is a three-layer sandwich structure and comprises a first metal protective layer, a second metal protective layer and a shape memory alloy layer arranged between the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer; the shape memory alloy layer is used as a core plate to form a sandwich structure composite plate; the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer are formed by splicing one or more metal plates, and the thickness of the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer is 5-30 mm; the shape memory alloy layer is constructed as a three-dimensional continuous network structure; the three-dimensional continuous reticular structure comprises a plurality of overlapped shape memory alloy circular structures which are formed in a staggered mode, and the thickness of the shape memory alloy layer is 10-80 mm. The composite layer structure disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high toughness, low density, low cost and the like, impact energy is dispersed to the maximum extent, the protection capability of the composite layer structure is greatly improved, and the composite layer structure can be widely applied to the protection field of space products such as weapons, armors, spacecrafts and the like and can play an effective role in protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of weapon armor and space product protection. And more particularly to an impact resistant composite layer structure and methods of making and using the same.
Background
In recent years, weaponry has been rapidly developed, and new protective materials and technologies have been widely used. The protection technical level determines the viability of space products such as weapon equipment systems, spacecrafts and the like to a great extent, and the protection system with excellent performance can effectively guarantee the safety of various equipment and personnel. The impact-resistant structure is a key technology for armor protection and space debris impact resistance, and the design and the material of the protective structure greatly influence the final protection capability of the system.
At present, the impact resistance of high-performance bulletproof armor engineering is mainly the impact penetration resistance, the traditional ceramic composite bulletproof plate usually uses hard ceramic as a panel and metal or fiber reinforced resin composite material with good toughness as a back plate, the panel and the back plate are formed separately at first, and then the panel and the back plate are bonded together by using an adhesive, however, because the ceramic is a brittle material, when the bulletproof plate is impacted by a bullet at a high speed, the ceramic plate is used as a direct bullet-facing surface, and the ceramic plate is easy to crack and fall off after the bullet is impacted, so that the multiple impact resistance of the bulletproof plate is affected, and the bulletproof plate can deform after receiving a bullet with high-speed impact, and the great impact force is easy to cause the reduction of local bulletproof capability, so that the overall bulletproof capability is affected.
Therefore, a novel composite layer structure is urgently needed to be researched, so that the novel composite layer structure can disperse the larger kinetic energy of the bullets and the fragments when resisting penetration of the bullets and the space fragments, the kinetic energy is rapidly transmitted to the surrounding area layer by layer, the impact on a local armor plate is reduced, and the novel composite layer structure is particularly important for improving the protective capability of weapon armors and spacecrafts.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above drawbacks, a first object of the present invention is to provide an impact resistant composite layer structure. The composite layer structure has the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high toughness, low density, low cost and the like, the impact force which can be well borne by the shape memory alloy which is crossed vertically and horizontally in the shape memory alloy layer is dispersed to other parts, the damage to a protection system caused by overlarge concentrated impact load is avoided, and the impact resistance of the material can be further improved by matching the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer, so that the composite layer structure has stronger impact resistance penetration resistance compared with the traditional bulletproof material.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a composite layer structure as described above.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a use of the composite layer structure as described above as a ballistic panel in the field of weapons armor and space product protection.
In order to achieve the first purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an impact-resistant composite layer structure which is a three-layer sandwich structure and comprises a first metal protective layer, a second metal protective layer and a shape memory alloy layer arranged between the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer; the shape memory alloy layer is used as a core plate to form a sandwich structure composite plate;
the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer are formed by splicing one or more metal plates, and the thickness of the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer is 5-30 mm;
the shape memory alloy layer is constructed as a three-dimensional continuous network structure; the three-dimensional continuous reticular structure comprises a plurality of overlapped shape memory alloy circular structures which are formed in a staggered mode, and the thickness of the shape memory alloy layer is 10-80 mm.
Aiming at the problems of poor multi-impact resistance, easy deformation and the like of ceramics in the prior art, the invention starts from the internal structure of the protective armor, leads the material to further improve the performance, such as impact resistance, from the macroscopic design by improving the internal structure of the protective armor, and leads the composite armor material to have better impact and damage resistance by combining with some excellent materials researched nowadays.
In the invention, the shape memory alloy is constructed into a three-dimensional continuous reticular structure, the overlapped shape memory alloy circular structures are connected together in a criss-cross mode layer by layer, a semicircle (arch bridge shape) is taken as an impact dispersion unit, the structure is designed to be beneficial to the rapid dispersion and transmission of impact energy at a contact point, stress is transmitted along fibers and is transmitted to other circular structures connected with the fiber, thus impact acting force is transmitted between the fibers at the upper part, the lower part, the left part and the right part in sequence, the locally born impact force can be better dispersed to other parts, the armor is prevented from being damaged by overlarge concentrated impact load, and the impact resistance of the material can be further improved by matching with the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer. In addition, the three-layer sandwich structure and the three-dimensional staggered net structure can change the direction of impact jet flow to a certain degree, and the penetration and penetration effects of the armor-piercing projectile are weakened.
Further, the overlapping area of any two overlapped shape memory alloy circular structures occupies 1/18-2/5 of the whole circular area.
Furthermore, the total overlapping area of any shape memory alloy circular structure and the shape memory alloy circular structure overlapped with the periphery of the shape memory alloy circular structure accounts for 1/3-3/4 of the whole circular area.
Further, the radius of the shape memory alloy circular structure is 2-40 mm.
Further, the shape memory alloy layer is made of a shape memory alloy such as a nickel-titanium alloy, a copper-nickel-titanium alloy, an iron-nickel-titanium alloy or a nickel-titanium-silicon alloy; the shape memory alloy has the advantages of good mechanical property, high elastic strain, strong shape recovery capability, good impact toughness and the like, and is made into a three-dimensional staggered net structure after heat treatment, preferably, the shape memory alloy layer is made of nickel-titanium alloy, and the proportion of nickel titanium is 1; preferably, the shape memory alloy layer is made of nickel-titanium-silicon alloy, and the proportion of nickel-titanium-silicon is 1.
Further, in order to further improve the impact resistance of the composite layer structure, the shape memory alloy layer can be filled with an energy-absorbing material according to application requirements; the energy absorbing material includes, but is not limited to, foamed aluminum or high performance fibers treated with a sizing resin; the foamed aluminum sandwich plate structure has the advantages that the foamed aluminum sandwich plate structure is light in weight, high in specific stiffness, high in damping and shock absorbing performance, high in impact energy absorption rate and the like, a metal plate or other composite plates with high specific stiffness are sandwiched on the outer layer, so that the foamed aluminum sandwich plate structure has a remarkable energy absorption effect, and the anti-explosion and anti-shock wave performance of equipment can be effectively improved; the high-performance fiber has the characteristics of high specific strength and large specific modulus, and simultaneously has excellent fracture toughness and impact resistance of the metal plate, so that good rigid support can be provided, the deformation of the bulletproof plate with a composite structure is reduced, and the protective capability is improved.
Further, the high-performance fiber comprises one or more of carbon fiber, aramid fiber and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber; the resin includes, but is not limited to, one of polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylate, phenolic resin, or polyvinyl acetal.
Further, the metal plate is formed by pressing one or more of titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium-lithium alloy, ceramic or non-metal composite materials; for example: the non-metal composite material can be a carbon fiber composite material and the like.
Further, the thickness of the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer is 10-20mm; preferably, the thickness of the shape memory alloy layer is 10-50mm.
In order to achieve the second purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a method for manufacturing the composite layer structure, which comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of shape memory alloy layer
Selecting shape memory alloy, and performing heat treatment at 300-600 ℃ to prepare a shape memory alloy layer with superelasticity and three-dimensional continuous net-shaped structure as a core plate for later use;
b. preparing the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer
Cutting a metal plate into a regular size, and tightly attaching the metal plate through an adhesive to ensure the smoothness of surface splicing for later use;
c. composite layer structure assembly
And c, assembling the shape memory alloy layer, the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer which are respectively obtained in the step a and the step b, adding or not adding an energy absorbing material into the shape memory alloy layer, and bonding the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer on two sides of the shape memory alloy layer through an adhesive to form an integrated composite layer structure, so as to obtain the composite material.
In order to achieve the third purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses an application of the composite layer structure as a bulletproof plate in the field of weapon armor protection or as a shockproof material in a spacecraft.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses an impact-resistant composite layer structure and a manufacturing method and application thereof. In the invention, the shape memory alloy is constructed into a three-dimensional continuous net structure, and the overlapped circular structures of the shape memory alloy are connected together in a criss-cross mode layer by layer, and the design of the structure is favorable for the rapid dispersion and transmission of impact energy at the contact point, and compared with the prior art, the structure has the following advantages:
1. impact force is dispersed, and concentrated load is avoided. For good impact resistance required by weapon armor materials, the three-dimensional net structure adopted by the invention takes a half circle (arch bridge shape) as an impact dispersion unit, is similar to an ancient arch bridge structure, firstly disperses concentrated load to the whole arch structure, and then disperses stress of the arch structure to surrounding small arch structures through nodes of the three-dimensional net connecting structure, so that the impact load is continuously dispersed upwards, downwards, leftwards and rightwards, and the effect of dispersing impact is achieved.
2. The light energy-absorbing material is used for filling, so that the energy-absorbing and impact-resisting properties of the material are further improved, and the density of the material is reduced.
3. The direction of the jet flow is changed, and the armor-piercing bomb or high-speed fragments are blocked from further penetrating the protection system. Due to the three-layer sandwich structure, the materials of the adjacent layers are different, and the three-dimensional reticular structure is laid in the middle layer, the jet flow direction generated by the impact action can be changed, the penetration action on the materials can be weakened, and the penetration of armor piercing bullets or high-speed fragments can be blocked to a certain extent.
4. The structure similar to reinforced concrete can further increase the strength of the composite material. The laying of the fiber net is equivalent to adding ribs on the composite material, so that the strength of the material can be effectively enhanced.
In conclusion, the composite layer structure can effectively disperse locally borne impact force, change the direction of impact jet flow to a certain extent and weaken the penetration and penetration effects on materials.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a conceptual diagram of a composite layer structure of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows a front view of the composite layer structure of the present invention.
Figure 3 shows a top view of the composite layer structure of the present invention.
Figure 4 shows a left side view of the composite layer structure of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a shape memory alloy layer in a composite layer structure of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows a force propagation diagram for a composite layer structure of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows a first schematic view of a shape memory alloy layer.
FIG. 8 shows a second schematic diagram of the shape memory alloy layer.
Reference numerals: 1 a first metal protective layer, 2 a second metal protective layer, 3 a shape memory alloy layer, 4 a shape memory alloy, 5 an energy absorbing material.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar components in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses an impact-resistant composite layer structure, which is a three-layer sandwich structure and comprises a first metal protective layer 1, a second metal protective layer 2 and a shape memory alloy layer 3, and is shown in fig. 1-5; the shape memory alloy layer 3 is arranged between the first metal protective layer 1 and the second metal protective layer 2, and the shape memory alloy layer 3 is used as a core plate to form a composite plate with a sandwich structure;
the first metal protective layer 1 and the second metal protective layer 2 are formed by pressing a metal plate, and the metal plate is made of magnesium-lithium alloy and has the thickness of 10mm;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the shape memory alloy layer in the composite layer structure of the present invention, the shape memory alloy layer 3 is constructed as a three-dimensional continuous network structure; the three-dimensional continuous reticular structure is formed by staggering a plurality of shape memory alloys 4 which are contacted with each other, high-performance fibers and the like processed by foamed aluminum or infiltration resin are filled around the three-dimensional continuous reticular structure to enhance the shock resistance of the three-dimensional continuous reticular structure, the thickness of the shape memory alloy layer is 30mm, the shape memory alloy is nickel-titanium alloy, and the proportion of nickel titanium is 1.
In the design of the shape memory alloy layer, the shape memory alloy is in a circular design, a half circle (arch bridge shape) is used as an impact capacity dispersion unit, the overlapping area of any two adjacent shape memory alloys in a circular state accounts for 0.18 of the whole circular area, the total overlapping area of the shape memory alloy in any circular structure and the shape memory alloy at the periphery accounts for 0.72 of the whole circular area, and the radius of the shape memory alloy in the circular state is 14mm.
Assembling the first metal protective layer 1, the second metal protective layer 2 and the shape memory alloy layer 3, adding foam aluminum serving as an energy-absorbing material into the shape memory alloy layer 3, and bonding the first metal protective layer 1 and the second metal protective layer 2 on two sides of the shape memory alloy layer 3 through an adhesive to form an integrated composite layer structure.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the stress propagation of the composite layer structure according to the present invention, when the external impact energy is transmitted to the surface of the composite layer structure, the energy at the impact point will be rapidly transmitted to the surrounding shape memory alloy by the shape memory alloy of the adjacent arch to realize the dispersion of the impact energy, and the energy is attenuated by the energy absorption material filled in the composite layer structure.
Fig. 7 and 8 are schematic diagrams of shape memory alloy layers in two different design configurations, which are convenient for researchers to provide structural design ideas, and those skilled in the art can further adjust the stacking manner of the shape memory alloy layers according to experimental needs.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The impact-resistant composite layer structure is characterized in that the composite layer structure is a three-layer sandwich structure and comprises a first metal protective layer, a second metal protective layer and a shape memory alloy layer arranged between the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer; the shape memory alloy layer is used as a core plate to form a composite plate with a sandwich structure;
the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer are formed by splicing one or more metal plates, and the thickness of the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer is 5-30 mm;
the shape memory alloy layer is constructed as a three-dimensional continuous network structure; the three-dimensional continuous reticular structure comprises a plurality of overlapped shape memory alloy circular structures which are formed in a staggered mode, and the thickness of the shape memory alloy layer is 10-80 mm.
2. A composite layer structure according to claim 1, wherein the overlapping area of any two overlapping shape memory alloy circular structures occupies 1/18 to 2/5 of the entire circular area.
3. A composite layered structure according to claim 1, wherein the total overlapping area of any one of the shape memory alloy circular structures overlapping its perimeter is 1/3 to 3/4 of the total circular area.
4. The composite layer structure of claim 1, wherein the shape memory alloy circular structure has a radius of 2 to 40mm.
5. The composite layer structure of claim 1, wherein the shape memory alloy layer is made of a nickel-titanium alloy, a copper-nickel-titanium alloy, an iron-nickel-titanium alloy, or a nickel-titanium-silicon alloy;
preferably, the shape memory alloy layer is made of nickel-titanium alloy, and the proportion of nickel titanium is 1;
preferably, the shape memory alloy layer is made of nickel-titanium-silicon alloy, and the proportion of nickel-titanium-silicon is 1.
6. The composite layer structure of claim 1, wherein the shape memory alloy layer is further filled with an energy absorbing material; the energy absorbing material comprises foamed aluminum or high-performance fibers treated by impregnating resin.
7. A composite layer structure according to claim 6, wherein the high performance fibres comprise one or more of carbon fibres, aramid fibres, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fibres;
the resin is selected from one of polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylate, phenolic resin or polyvinyl acetal.
8. The composite layer structure of claim 1, wherein the metal plate is pressed from one or more of a titanium alloy, a magnesium alloy, an aluminum alloy, a magnesium-lithium alloy, a ceramic, or a non-metallic composite material;
preferably, the thickness of the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer is 10-20mm;
preferably, the thickness of the shape memory alloy layer is 10-50mm.
9. A method of manufacturing a composite layer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
a. preparing a shape memory alloy layer
Selecting shape memory alloy, and performing heat treatment at 300-600 ℃ to prepare a shape memory alloy layer with superelasticity and three-dimensional continuous net-shaped structure as a core plate for later use;
b. preparing the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer
Cutting the metal plate into a regular size, and tightly attaching the metal plate through an adhesive to ensure the smoothness of surface splicing for later use;
c. composite layer structure assembly
And c, assembling the shape memory alloy layer, the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer which are obtained in the step a and the step b respectively, adding or not adding an energy absorption material into the shape memory alloy layer, and bonding the first metal protective layer and the second metal protective layer on two sides of the shape memory alloy layer through an adhesive to form an integrated composite layer structure, thus obtaining the composite material.
10. Use of the composite layer structure according to any of claims 1 to 8 as a ballistic panel in the field of protection of weapons and armor or as a ballistic material in spacecraft.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117104389A (en) * | 2023-10-23 | 2023-11-24 | 吉林大学 | Vibration-damping submarine pressure-resistant shell capable of recovering shape and preparation method thereof |
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- 2022-11-02 CN CN202211361719.9A patent/CN115752096A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117104389A (en) * | 2023-10-23 | 2023-11-24 | 吉林大学 | Vibration-damping submarine pressure-resistant shell capable of recovering shape and preparation method thereof |
| CN117104389B (en) * | 2023-10-23 | 2023-12-26 | 吉林大学 | Preparation method of vibration-damping submarine pressure-resistant shell capable of recovering shape |
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