CN110001172B - 一种梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板及其制备方法,所述的抗静电贴面板包括表层耗散层、中间过渡层和底层导电层;耗散层包括HIPS、抗静电剂苯乙烯‑马来酸酐‑N,N‑二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物、聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸、抗氧剂、抗紫外线吸收剂;过渡层包括HIPS、抗静电剂苯乙烯‑马来酸酐‑N,N‑二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物、聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸、抗氧剂、导电炭黑;导电层包括HIPS、聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸、抗氧剂、导电炭黑;制得的抗静电贴面板具有特殊的多层梯度耗散结构,可完全避免常规单层产品的由于外界条件变化带来的静电反冲现象,大大提高了面板材料作为电子器件包装(运输)材料、易燃易爆储罐保护材料的抗静电稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗静电材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板及其制备方法。
背景技术
抗静电贴面板作为特种的高分子材料,主要用于电子半导体器件、计算机、电子通讯设备和集成电路等微电子工业的生产车间、试验室,以及医院手术室、CT、X射线室、CCU、ICU病房的地坪、工作台面和内装饰。传统抗静电贴面板主要在三合板表层油漆中或橡胶板内添加小分子的抗静电剂,迁移到表面的抗静电剂与空气中水分子结合,形成导电通路并释放静电。这类产品中抗静电剂易挥发,产品寿命短,一般在6个月左右;另一方面,静电排放效果易受空气、湿度等环境因素影响,尤其在北方干燥环境中面板的表面电阻值高,随着时间推移抗静电指标衰减快,静电释放不稳定。国内也有企业开展持久性抗静电贴面板开发,主要以聚苯乙烯(PS)为基材,将其与炭黑、金属粉末等导电材料混合,通过一系列加工过程,将多组分材料复合,在材料内部形成导电网络,该类产品具有良好的导电能力,但由于是单层结构,没有抗静电缓冲层,易形成放电反充,击穿敏感电子元器件、芯片等,只能用于直接接地的地板贴面。该类产品热胀冷缩率大,定尺不稳带来施工不便等诸多问题。国外同类产品以日本为例,虽然其抗静电贴面板体积电阻达到104-106Ωcm,使用过程中无放电反冲现象,但由于基体材料的不同,在力学性能、热稳定性和成本上不及国内开发抗静电贴面板。
针对现有抗静电贴面板存在放电反冲现象明显,抗静电效果和持久性差,小分子抗静电剂容易从基体中析出污染制品和环境等问题,设计一种具有梯度静电耗散作用的多层抗静电复合材料及配方,采用多层共挤出压延技术,制备梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,提高了该类产品的抗静电效果以及持久性,为新型高性能抗静电产品的开发提供新的途径。
发明内容
本发明要解决的首要技术问题在于提供一种梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板。
所述的梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,其结构组成含有三层,表层为耗散层,中间层为过渡层,底层为导电层,其结构式如图1所示。
本发明要解决的第二个技术问题在于提供一种梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板的制备方法。
所述的一种梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:耗散层、过渡层、导电层三种混合物料分别经自动加料机加入到三台单螺杆塑料挤出机中,三台单螺杆塑料挤出机的热流道呈“┨”型排列,通过多层共挤双模头(即互相平行的两个并联的模头)共挤出,经三辊压延机组、板材厚度自动在线控制系统、自动封装系统,制得梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板。
本发明所述的制备方法中,所述的单螺杆塑料挤出机的长径比L/D在(20~25):1,压缩比为(2~2.5):1。
本发明所述的制备方法中,所述的单螺杆塑料挤出机机筒工艺温度:1段为130~140℃、2段为140~160℃、3段为160~180℃、4段为180~195℃、5段为190~210℃。
本发明所述的制备方法中,所述的三辊压延机的三辊温度:下辊90~100℃,中辊85~90℃,上辊75~80℃。
本发明所述的制备方法中,所述的耗散层混合物料配比(按质量份计):高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)100份、抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物10~30份、聚乙烯蜡1~3份、硬脂酸1~2份、抗氧剂0.2~3份、抗紫外线吸收剂0.02~1份。
本发明所述的耗散层混合物料配比中,抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物为苯乙烯、马来酸酐、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺通过自由基聚合制得,苯乙烯、马来酸酐与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺单体质量比为100:10~40:10~20。
本发明所述的制备方法中,所述的过渡层混合物料配比(按质量份计):HIPS100份、抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物5~15份、聚乙烯蜡1~5份、硬脂酸1~5份、抗氧剂0.2~3份、导电炭黑3~10份。
本发明所述的过渡层混合物料配比中,抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物为苯乙烯、马来酸酐、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺通过自由基聚合制得,苯乙烯、马来酸酐与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺单体质量比为100:10~20:5~15。
本发明所述的制备方法中,所述的导电层混合物料配比(按质量份计):高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)100份、聚乙烯蜡1~3份、硬脂酸1~8份、抗氧剂0.2~1份、导电炭黑5~30份。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在如下几方面:
本发明制得的梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,相比单层的抗静电贴面板,具有特殊的多层梯度耗散结构,使抗静电面板表面积累的自由电荷快速转移,经含导电炭黑的过渡层、导电底层快速耗散,达到快速释放静电的作用。由于静电电荷的表面聚积,以及耗散表层、过渡层、和导电底层电阻率的逐渐减少,使得耗散表层、梯度层、和导电底层形成梯度递减的电势,即电荷只能定向迁移,完全避免常规单层产品的由于外界条件(空气或者机械摩擦等)变化带来的静电反冲现象,大大提高了面板材料作为电子器件包装(运输)材料、易燃易爆储罐保护材料的抗静电稳定性。本发明制得的梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,其耗散层、过渡层、导电层均都以HIPS为基材,提高各层之间的相容性和结合力,有利于提高抗静电贴面板力学性能和使用寿命。本发明制得的梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,采用苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物为抗静电剂,提高HIPS基材导电性的同时,改善了HIPS抗冲性能。本发明制得的梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,采用了多层共挤出工艺,方法简便易控制,有利于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明抗静电贴面板的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下以具体实施例来说明本发明的技术方案,但本发明的保护范围不限于此:
实施例1
(1)物料共混
将100公斤HIPS(德国巴斯夫牌号427D)、30公斤苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物(苯乙烯、马来酸酐与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺单体质量比为100:40:20)、3公斤聚乙烯蜡、2公斤硬脂酸、0.2公斤抗氧剂245(CAS号:36443-68-2)和1公斤抗紫外线吸收剂UV-326(CAS号:3896-11-5)投入到塑料立式搅拌机中,在300转/分钟的速度下搅拌半小时,得到耗散层混合物料,出料待用。
将100公斤HIPS(德国巴斯夫牌号427D)、5公斤苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物(苯乙烯、马来酸酐与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺单体质量比为100:10:5)、1公斤聚乙烯蜡、5公斤硬脂酸、1公斤抗氧剂245(CAS号:36443-68-2)和10公斤导电炭黑投入到塑料立式搅拌机中,在300转/分钟的速度下搅拌半小时,得到过渡层混合物料,出料待用。
将100公斤HIPS(德国巴斯夫牌号427D)、3公斤聚乙烯蜡、8公斤硬脂酸、1公斤抗氧剂245(CAS号:36443-68-2)和30公斤导电炭黑投入到塑料立式搅拌机中,在300转/分钟的速度下搅拌半小时,得到导电层混合物料,出料待用。
(2)抗静电贴面板制备
将上述混合好的耗散层、过渡层、导电层三种混合物料分别经自动加料机加入到1#、2#和3#单螺杆塑料挤出机(1#、2#螺杆塑料挤出机的长径比L/D 20:1,压缩比为2:1;3#螺杆塑料挤出机的长径比L/D 25:1,压缩比为2.5:1)中,其中1#、2#单螺杆塑料挤出机机筒工艺温度:1段为130~140℃、2段为140~150℃、3段为160~170℃、4段为180~190℃、5段为190~200℃;3#单螺杆塑料挤出机机筒工艺温度:1段为130~140℃、2段为150~160℃、3段为175~180℃、4段为185~195℃、5段为200~210℃。三台挤出机熔融物料的热流道呈“┨”型排列,通过多层共挤双模头共挤出,经三辊压延机组(下辊90~100℃,中辊85~90℃,上辊75~80℃)、板材厚度自动在线控制系统、自动封装系统等,制得梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,其中体积电阻1.4×105Ωcm,静电电压衰减期0.2s。
实施例2
抗静电贴面板的制备操作同实施例1。耗散层混合物料配比:HIPS100份、抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物(苯乙烯、马来酸酐与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺单体质量比为100:10:10)10份、聚乙烯蜡1份、硬脂酸1份、抗氧剂0.2份、抗紫外线吸收剂0.02份。过渡层混合物料配比:HIPS100份、抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物(苯乙烯、马来酸酐与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺单体质量比为100:20:15)5份、聚乙烯蜡1份、硬脂酸1份、抗氧剂0.2份、导电炭黑3份。导电层混合物料配比:HIPS100份、聚乙烯蜡1份、硬脂酸1份、抗氧剂0.2份、导电炭黑5份。所制得梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,其中体积电阻6.7×106Ωcm,静电电压衰减期1.4s。
实施例3
抗静电贴面板的制备操作同实施例1。耗散层混合物料配比:HIPS100份、抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物(苯乙烯、马来酸酐与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺单体质量比为100:30:20)20份、聚乙烯蜡2份、硬脂酸2份、抗氧剂0.6份、抗紫外线吸收剂0.5份。过渡层混合物料配比:HIPS100份、抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物(苯乙烯、马来酸酐与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺单体质量比为100:15:10)8份、聚乙烯蜡2份、硬脂酸4份、抗氧剂0.8份、导电炭黑6份。导电层混合物料配比:HIPS100份、聚乙烯蜡3份、硬脂酸5份、抗氧剂0.8份、导电炭黑25份。所制得梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,其中体积电阻7.5×105Ωcm,静电电压衰减期0.7s。
实施例4
抗静电贴面板的制备操作同实施例1。耗散层混合物料配比:HIPS100份、抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物(苯乙烯、马来酸酐与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺单体质量比为100:15:18)22份、聚乙烯蜡3份、硬脂酸3份、抗氧剂0.8份、抗紫外线吸收剂0.7份。过渡层混合物料配比:HIPS100份、抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐-N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物(苯乙烯、马来酸酐与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺单体质量比为100:10:8)10份、聚乙烯蜡1份、硬脂酸5份、抗氧剂1份、导电炭黑9份。导电层混合物料配比:HIPS100份、聚乙烯蜡4份、硬脂酸2份、抗氧剂1份、导电炭黑18份。所制得梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,其中体积电阻5.1×105Ωcm,静电电压衰减期0.5s。
实施例5:抗静电贴面板性能比较
单层抗静电贴面板的制备操作同实施例1,其物料配方同耗散层混合物料配方。所测的抗静电贴面板性能结果如下所示。
表1抗静电贴面板性能对比
通过表1可知,与单层抗静电贴面板相比,梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板体积电阻下降至3个数量级,表明梯度耗散结构明显增强抗静电贴面板的导电性;静电电压衰减期缩短了很多,表明静电耗散速度加快,而且抗静电效果受环境影响要小得多,使用寿命明显提高,力学性能有一定程度提高。
Claims (7)
1.一种梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,其特征在于,所述的抗静电贴面板包括表层耗散层、中间过渡层和底层导电层;所述的耗散层包括按质量份计HIPS 100份、抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐- N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物10~30份、聚乙烯蜡1~3份、硬脂酸1~2份、抗氧剂0.2~3份、抗紫外线吸收剂0.02~1份;所述的过渡层按质量份计包括HIPS 100份、抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐- N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物5~15份、聚乙烯蜡1~5份、硬脂酸1~5份、抗氧剂0.2~3份、导电炭黑3~10份;所述的导电层按质量份计包括HIPS 100份、聚乙烯蜡1~3份、硬脂酸1~8份、抗氧剂0.2~1份、导电炭黑5~30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,其特征在于,所述的耗散层中抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐- N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物为苯乙烯、马来酸酐、 N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺通过自由基聚合制得,苯乙烯、马来酸酐与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺单体质量比为100:10~40:10~20。
3.根据权利要求1所述的梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板,其特征在于,所述的过渡层中抗静电剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐- N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺三元共聚物为苯乙烯、马来酸酐、 N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺通过自由基聚合制得,苯乙烯、马来酸酐与N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺单体质量比为100:10~20:5~15。
4.制备如权利要求1所述的梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:耗散层、过渡层、导电层三种混合物料分别经自动加料机加入到三台单螺杆塑料挤出机中,三台单螺杆塑料挤出机的热流道呈“┨”型排列,通过多层共挤双模头共挤出,经三辊压延机组、板材厚度自动在线控制系统、自动封装系统,制得梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板。
5.根据权利要求4所述的梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的单螺杆塑料挤出机的长径比L/D为(20~25):1,压缩比为(2~2.5):1。
6.根据权利要求4所述的梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的单螺杆塑料挤出机的机筒工艺温度 为: 1段为130~140℃、2段为140~160℃、3段为160~180℃、4段为180~195℃、5段为190~210℃。
7.根据权利要求4所述的梯度耗散结构抗静电贴面板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的三辊压延机的三辊温度 为:下辊90~100℃,中辊85~90℃,上辊75~80℃。
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