CN109998047A - 一种苡仁兔肉午餐肉制作工艺 - Google Patents
一种苡仁兔肉午餐肉制作工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苡仁兔肉午餐肉制作工艺,包括以下过程:肉品预处理:对兔肉解冻,将兔肉切成块状;配制腌料和注射腌料,腌制:向兔肉块中注射加入注射腌料,滚动腌制30分钟使兔肉肌肉松弛以使注射腌料与兔肉更好混合,然后将兔肉块浸渍在腌料中在0‑5°的低温下腌制12小时;粗斩拌,配制鼠曲草汁,发酵:将鼠曲草汁与粗兔肉糜混合均匀,以粗兔肉糜为培养基接入0.002至0.005份的植物乳杆菌,35至45℃下发酵12h;配制斩拌料,细斩拌:将发酵完成的粗兔肉糜进行细斩拌,并加入斩拌料一起进行斩拌;后续处理:灌装、蒸煮杀菌和检验后贴标包装入库。采用本发明工艺制作的兔肉午餐肉抗氧化能力强,不易变质,且风味浓郁,同时还富含可吸收游离型黄酮类物质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新型午餐肉领域,具体是一种苡仁兔肉午餐肉制作工艺。
背景技术
午餐肉是一种十分受欢迎的肉制方便食品,不但产品肉质鲜美,食用方便,适于煎、炸、涮、炒等各种食用方法,而且午餐肉具有很长的货架期,可以长期保存。但社会发展伴随着人民生活水平的提高,人们对动物蛋白及脂肪类食品的摄入量大幅提升,导致肥胖、高血压、高血脂等疾病越来越普遍,因而近年来,人们大力倡导健康的生活理念,人们对方便食品的要求也越来越高,而传统的午餐肉多以猪肉为原料,其脂肪含量较高,通常在10%左右。
兔肉属于高蛋白质、低脂肪、低胆固醇的肉类,兔肉蛋白质含量高达70%,比一般肉类都高,而脂肪和胆固醇含量却低于所有的肉类,兔肉中富含脂肪酸、矿质元素、生理活性肽和 B 族维生素等人体所需的营养物质,其脂肪酸中不饱和脂肪酸组成占比高,对降低人体低密度胆固醇,保护心脏等有重要作用。因此,以兔肉为原料制作的午餐肉具有极大的市场开发前景。但不饱和脂肪酸在食品加工及贮藏过程中极易发生氧化,导致风味变差甚至食品变质。
现代药理学研究结果表明鼠曲草有显著的抗组胺、抗细菌和真菌、抗氧化、抗心衰等作用,同时鼠曲草中含有38种黄酮类化合物,黄酮类化合物具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等多种生物活性,但其含有的黄酮类化合物大多以结合型黄酮糖苷的形式存在,大部分的结合型黄酮糖苷在人体内不能通过小肠壁进入血液,生物利用度低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有午餐肉的上述问题,提供了一种苡仁兔肉午餐肉制作工艺,添加了鼠曲草和植物乳杆菌,采用该工艺制作的兔肉午餐肉抗氧化能力强,不易变质,且风味浓郁,同时还富含可吸收黄酮类物质。
本发明的目的主要通过以下技术方案实现:
一种苡仁兔肉午餐肉的制作工艺,其特征在于:包括以下过程:
肉品预处理:对精确称重的鲜冻兔肉解冻,检查兔肉颜色和气味,去除表面多余杂质和油脂,将兔肉切成块状;
配制腌料和注射腌料:腌料:先将红曲粉溶于白酒中,再将香辛汁、食盐、白砂糖、青花椒、洋葱加入白酒中,备用,香辛汁由香辛料混合水制得;注射腌料:将食盐和大豆蛋白用水溶解,备用;
腌制:向兔肉块中注射加入注射腌料,滚动腌制30分钟使兔肉肌肉松弛以使注射腌料与兔肉更好混合,然后将兔肉块浸渍在腌料中在0-5°的低温下腌制12小时;
粗斩拌:将腌制后的兔肉块清洗干净,并粗斩拌成粗兔肉糜;
配制鼠曲草汁:去掉鼠曲草根部及枯败部分,清洗沥干后,干燥粉碎;精确称取0.5至1份鼠曲草粉末,加入2份蒸馏水,在80℃水浴锅中加热90min,抽滤浓缩得鼠曲草汁;
发酵:将鼠曲草汁与粗兔肉糜混合均匀,以粗兔肉糜为培养基接入0.002至0.005份的植物乳杆菌,35至45℃下发酵12h;
配制斩拌料:将复合磷酸盐、大豆蛋白、食盐依次溶解于水中,制成冰屑备用,苡仁烘干制成200至300目苡仁粉备用;麸皮高温烤干后制成300至400目麸皮粉备用;
细斩拌:将发酵完成的粗兔肉糜进行细斩拌,并加入红曲粉、胡椒粉、肉蔻、苡仁粉和麸皮粉一起进行斩拌,斩拌过程中陆续加入冰屑;
后续处理:灌装、蒸煮杀菌和检验后贴标包装入库。
优选地,所述鼠曲草粉末添加量为0.7份,植物乳杆菌接入量为0.003份。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:通过植物乳杆菌对粗兔肉糜的发酵作用,增加了兔肉中的风味物质。鼠曲草汁使得兔肉午餐肉抗氧化能力增强,不易变质,同时植物乳杆菌能够将鼠曲草汁中的结合型黄酮糖苷转化为利于人体吸收的游离型黄酮类物质进入兔肉。并且鼠曲草汁、植物乳杆菌和兔肉之间有互相促进作用,鼠曲草汁使得兔肉中植物乳杆菌发酵产生的风味物质进一步增加,植物乳杆菌使得鼠曲草汁的抗氧化能力提高、黄酮糖苷含量增加,以粗兔肉糜为培养基使得植物乳杆菌对鼠曲草汁中黄酮糖苷的转化能力提高。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明实施例的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,并不构成对本发明实施例的限定。在附图中:
图1为本发明一个具体实施例的抗氧化能力检测实验结果图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施方式,对本发明进一步说明,为明确说明起见,许多实务上的细节将在以下叙述中一并说明。然而,应了解到,这些实务上的细节不应用以限制本发明。也就是说,在本发明的部分实施方式中,这些实务上的细节是非必要的。
需要说明的是,本发明中所使用的原料,如无特殊说明,均为常规的市售产品,本发明中所使用的方法,如无特殊说明,均为本领域的常规方法,本发明中的一份重量为100g。
实施例:
一种苡仁兔肉午餐肉的制作工艺,包括如下步骤:
肉品预处理:对精确称重的10份鲜冻兔肉使用解冻机或自来水喷淋解冻,解冻后中心温度小于10℃,检查兔肉颜色和气味,去除表面多余杂质和油脂,将兔肉切成块状。
配制腌料和注射腌料:腌料:先将0.01份红曲粉溶于0.02份白酒中,再将2份香辛汁、0.1份食盐、0.06份白砂糖、0.01份青花椒、0.07份洋葱加入白酒中,备用。香辛汁由0.3至0.4份香辛料混合2份水制得。将红曲粉用于腌制阶段,提高了兔肉的呈色效果。注射腌料:将0.1份食盐和0.2份大豆蛋白用0.5份水溶解,备用。用于改善兔肉保水性。
腌制:向清洗完成的兔肉块中使用盐水注射机注射加入混匀注射腌料,以在腌制过程中提高兔肉保水性,从而减少后续工艺中兔肉水分流失。滚动腌制30分钟使兔肉肌肉松弛以使注射腌料与兔肉更好混合。然后将兔肉块浸渍在腌料中在0-5°的低温下腌制12小时。
粗斩拌:将腌制后的兔肉块清洗干净,并粗斩拌成粗兔肉糜,以使与后续接入的植物乳杆菌接触更充分,达到更好的发酵效果。
配制鼠曲草汁:去掉鼠曲草根部及枯败部分,清洗沥干后,干燥粉碎;精确称取0.5至1份鼠曲草粉末,加入2份蒸馏水,在80℃水浴锅中加热90min,抽滤浓缩得鼠曲草汁。本实施例中鼠曲草粉末添加量为0.7份。
发酵:将鼠曲草汁与粗兔肉糜混合均匀,以粗兔肉糜为培养基接入0.002至0.005份的植物乳杆菌,35至45℃下发酵12h。本实施例中植物乳杆菌接入量为0.003份。
配制斩拌料:将0.01份复合磷酸盐、0.3份大豆蛋白、0.1份食盐依次溶解于1份水中,制成1份冰屑备用,2份苡仁烘干制成200至300目苡仁粉备用;1份麸皮高温烤干后制成300至400目麸皮粉备用。相较于传统午餐肉制作工艺中分别添加干粉,将可溶性成分复合磷酸盐、大豆蛋白和食盐溶于水中制成冰屑,更容易与兔肉混合均匀。麸皮高温烘烤以使麸皮中戊聚糖产生烘培香味。
细斩拌:将发酵完成的粗兔肉糜进行细斩拌,并加入0.09份红曲粉、0.06份胡椒粉、0.003份肉蔻、苡仁粉和麸皮粉一起进行斩拌,增添维生素、纤维素等营养物质,并且增加兔肉粘性,斩拌过程中陆续加入冰屑。冰屑中含有复合磷酸盐、大豆蛋白和食盐,在斩拌过程中一起添加,减少了加料步骤,同时冰屑吸收斩拌热量变为冰水,更容易与兔肉混合均匀,保证斩拌完成的兔肉糜良好的持水性和粘性。
后续处理:灌装、蒸煮杀菌和检验后贴标包装入库,后续处理为午餐肉制品常规工艺。
对照例1:不添加鼠曲草汁
一种苡仁兔肉午餐肉的制作工艺,包括如下步骤:
肉品预处理:对精确称重的10份鲜冻兔肉使用解冻机或自来水喷淋解冻,解冻后中心温度小于10℃,检查兔肉颜色和气味,去除表面多余杂质和油脂,将兔肉切成块状。
配制腌料和注射腌料:腌料:先将0.01份红曲粉溶于0.02份白酒中,再将2份香辛汁、0.1份食盐、0.06份白砂糖、0.01份青花椒、0.07份洋葱加入白酒中,备用。香辛汁由0.3至0.4份香辛料混合2份水制得。注射腌料:将0.1份食盐和0.2份大豆蛋白用0.5份水溶解,备用。
腌制:向清洗完成的兔肉块中使用盐水注射机注射加入混匀注射腌料,滚动腌制30分钟使兔肉肌肉松弛以使注射腌料与兔肉更好混合。然后将兔肉块浸渍在腌料中在0-5°的低温下腌制12小时。
粗斩拌:将腌制后的兔肉块清洗干净,并粗斩拌成粗兔肉糜;
发酵:以粗兔肉糜为培养基接入0.003份的植物乳杆菌,35至45℃下发酵12h。
配制斩拌料:将0.01份复合磷酸盐、0.3份大豆蛋白、0.1份食盐依次溶解于1份水中,制成1份冰屑备用,2份苡仁烘干制成200至300目苡仁粉备用;1份麸皮高温烤干后制成300至400目麸皮粉备用。
细斩拌:将发酵完成的粗兔肉糜进行细斩拌,并加入0.09份红曲粉、0.06份胡椒粉、0.003份肉蔻、苡仁粉和麸皮粉一起进行斩拌,斩拌过程中陆续加入冰屑。
后续处理:灌装、蒸煮杀菌和检验后贴标包装入库,后续处理为午餐肉制品常规工艺。
对照例2:不添加植物乳杆菌
一种苡仁兔肉午餐肉的制作工艺,包括如下步骤:
肉品预处理:对精确称重的10份鲜冻兔肉使用解冻机或自来水喷淋解冻,解冻后中心温度小于10℃,检查兔肉颜色和气味,去除表面多余杂质和油脂,将兔肉切成块状。
配制腌料和注射腌料:腌料:先将0.01份红曲粉溶于0.02份白酒中,再将2份香辛汁、0.1份食盐、0.06份白砂糖、0.01份青花椒、0.07份洋葱加入白酒中,备用。香辛汁由0.3至0.4份香辛料混合2份水制得。注射腌料:将0.1份食盐和0.2份大豆蛋白用0.5份水溶解,备用。
腌制:向清洗完成的兔肉块中使用盐水注射机注射加入混匀注射腌料,滚动腌制30分钟使兔肉肌肉松弛以使注射腌料与兔肉更好混合。然后将兔肉块浸渍在腌料中在0-5°的低温下腌制12小时。
粗斩拌:将腌制后的兔肉块清洗干净,并粗斩拌成粗兔肉糜;
配制鼠曲草汁:去掉鼠曲草根部及枯败部分,清洗沥干后,干燥粉碎;精确称取0.5至1份鼠曲草粉末,加入2份蒸馏水,在80℃水浴锅中加热90min,抽滤浓缩得鼠曲草汁。本实施例中鼠曲草粉末添加量为0.7份。将鼠曲草汁与粗兔肉糜混合均匀。
配制斩拌料:将0.01份复合磷酸盐、0.3份大豆蛋白、0.1份食盐依次溶解于1份水中,制成1份冰屑备用,2份苡仁烘干制成200至300目苡仁粉备用;1份麸皮高温烤干后制成300至400目麸皮粉备用。
细斩拌:将发酵完成的粗兔肉糜进行细斩拌,并加入0.09份红曲粉、0.06份胡椒粉、0.003份肉蔻、苡仁粉和麸皮粉一起进行斩拌,斩拌过程中陆续加入冰屑。
后续处理:灌装、蒸煮杀菌和检验后贴标包装入库,后续处理为午餐肉制品常规工艺。
空白例:配制鼠曲草汁:去掉鼠曲草根部及枯败部分,清洗沥干后,干燥粉碎;精确称取0.7份鼠曲草粉末,加入2份蒸馏水,在80℃水浴锅中加热90min,抽滤浓缩得鼠曲草汁。以鼠曲草汁为培养基接入0.003份的植物乳杆菌,35至45℃下发酵12h。
实验例1:风味物质检测
实验方法:静态顶空固相微萃取法
1、实验样品制备:
将实施例1、对照例1和对照例2所得兔肉午餐肉作为实验样品,分别称取20.0g样品,室温下迅速均匀切碎后, 置于萃取瓶内, 锡纸封口, 封口膜密封。
2、仪器与设备:
手动SPME进样器,复合式75μm CAR/PDMS萃取头,Trace DSQ II气相色谱-质谱联用仪,Trace GC Ultra气相色谱仪,HH-8数显恒温水浴锅。
3、检测条件:
气相色谱条件:色谱柱为TR-5MS石英毛细管柱 (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm) , 载气为N2, 流速为1mL/min, 进样口温度保持在250℃, 以不分流方式进样。程序升温条件:起始温度40℃, 保持1min, 然后以5℃/min的速度升温至130℃, 8℃/min的速度升温至200℃,12℃/min的速度升温至250℃, 保持7min。质谱条件:离子源为EI源, 能量为70eV, 温度为200℃;接口温度为250℃;检测器电压为350V;发射电流为150μA;扫描范围为33~500amu。
4、测定:
复合式75μm CAR/PDMS萃取头使用前先在气相色谱进样口 (250℃) 老化20min, 然后插入密封的萃取瓶, 萃取纤维头探伸至样品上部的顶空中, 在60℃水浴条件下吸附40min, 再将萃取头插入进样口 (250℃) 解吸2min, 抽回纤维头后拔出萃取头, 启动仪器进行分析检测。
5、结果:
通过上述实验结果我们可以知道,植物乳杆菌能够通过发酵增加兔肉午餐肉风味物质的相对含量,而增添鼠曲草汁对植物乳杆菌对兔肉的发酵有促进作用,使得兔肉午餐肉中的风味物质含量进一步增加。
实验例2:黄酮类物质检测
实验方法:高效液相色谱法
1、实验样品制备:
将实施例1、对照例1、对照例2所得兔肉午餐肉和空白例作为实验样品,分别称取4 g样品,与25 m L 100%甲醇混合均匀, 并置于超声波破碎, 85%功率下萃取40 min, 再放入4℃的冷冻离心机8000 r/min离心20 min, 然后将上清液转移到容量瓶中并用甲醇定容至25 m L, 过0.22μm微孔滤膜。
2、仪器与设备:
TDL-5离心机,KQ-500超声波仪,Waters 600高效液相色谱仪
3、检测条件:
色谱条件:C18柱 (250 mm×4.5 mm, 5μm) , 流动相为V (甲醇) ∶V (乙腈) ∶V (水)=30∶8∶62, 用色谱级磷酸调节pH至3.0, 紫外260 nm下, 流速1mL/min, 柱温25℃。
4、测定:按照检测方法进样测定,黄酮转化率=(游离型黄酮含量/总黄酮含量)*100%。
5、结果:
结合型黄酮(mg/100g) | 游离型黄酮(mg/100g) | 转化率(%) | |
实施例 | 3.34 | 9.67 | 74.32 |
对照例1 | 1.52 | 0.26 | / |
对照例2 | 7.64 | 1.39 | / |
空白例 | 4.62 | 5.69 | 55.19 |
通过上述实验结果我们可以知道,兔肉中添加鼠曲草汁能够明显提高兔肉午餐肉中的黄酮含量,以鼠曲草汁为培养基接入植物乳杆菌能够将结合型黄酮转化为游离型黄酮,而以兔肉糜为培养基同时增添鼠曲草汁和植物乳杆菌能够明显提高植物乳杆菌对结合型黄酮的转化率,且总黄酮含量也有所提高。
实验例3:抗氧化能力检测
实验方法:DPPH法
1、实验样品制备:
将实施例1、对照例1、对照例2所得兔肉午餐肉和空白例作为实验样品,分别称取4 g样品,与25 m L 100%甲醇混合均匀, 并置于超声波破碎, 85%功率下萃取40 min, 再放入4℃的冷冻离心机8000 r/min离心20 min, 然后将上清液转移到容量瓶中并用甲醇定容至25 m L, 过0.22μm微孔滤膜后作为样品溶液。
2、仪器与设备:
SP-752型紫外分光光度计,TDL-5离心机,KQ-500超声波仪。
3、测定:
取100μL样品溶液与3.9 m L DPPH溶液充分混合, 避光30 min, 用分光光度计在517nm下测定吸光度,记为A1,同样以100μL蒸馏水替代样品溶液作对照,其所测得的吸光度记为A2,根据公式计算样品DPPH自由基清除率,DPPH自由基清除率=100%*(A2-A1)/A2。
4、结果如图1所示:
通过图1抗氧化能力检测实验结果我们可以知道,添加鼠曲草汁能够增强兔肉午餐肉的 DPPH自由基消除能力,即增强其抗氧化能力,但效果不明显,而将植物乳杆菌接入粗兔肉糜 中与鼠曲草汁混合发酵能够明显提高鼠曲草汁的抗氧化能力。
上述方式中未述及的部分采取或借鉴已有技术即可实现。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施方式只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的技术方案下得出的其他实施方式,均应包含在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种苡仁兔肉午餐肉的制作工艺,其特征在于:包括以下过程:
肉品预处理:对精确称重的鲜冻兔肉解冻,检查兔肉颜色和气味,去除表面多余杂质和油脂,将兔肉切成块状;
配制腌料和注射腌料:腌料:先将红曲粉溶于白酒中,再将香辛汁、食盐、白砂糖、青花椒、洋葱加入白酒中,备用,香辛汁由香辛料混合水制得;注射腌料:将食盐和大豆蛋白用水溶解,备用;
腌制:向兔肉块中注射加入注射腌料,滚动腌制30分钟使兔肉肌肉松弛以使注射腌料与兔肉更好混合,然后将兔肉块浸渍在腌料中在0-5°的低温下腌制12小时;
粗斩拌:将腌制后的兔肉块清洗干净,并粗斩拌成粗兔肉糜;
配制鼠曲草汁:去掉鼠曲草根部及枯败部分,清洗沥干后,干燥粉碎;精确称取0.5至1份鼠曲草粉末,加入2份蒸馏水,在80℃水浴锅中加热90min,抽滤浓缩得鼠曲草汁;
发酵:将鼠曲草汁与粗兔肉糜混合均匀,以粗兔肉糜为培养基接入0.002至0.005份的植物乳杆菌,35至45℃下发酵12h;
配制斩拌料:将复合磷酸盐、大豆蛋白、食盐依次溶解于水中,制成冰屑备用,苡仁烘干制成200至300目苡仁粉备用;麸皮高温烤干后制成300至400目麸皮粉备用;
细斩拌:将发酵完成的粗兔肉糜进行细斩拌,并加入红曲粉、胡椒粉、肉蔻、苡仁粉和麸皮粉一起进行斩拌,斩拌过程中陆续加入冰屑;
后续处理:灌装、蒸煮杀菌和检验后贴标包装入库。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种苡仁兔肉午餐肉的制作工艺,其特征在于:所述鼠曲草粉末添加量为0.7份,植物乳杆菌接入量为0.003份。
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