CN109989865A - 尤其用于燃料喷射泵的凸轮从动辊设备 - Google Patents

尤其用于燃料喷射泵的凸轮从动辊设备 Download PDF

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CN109989865A
CN109989865A CN201811396337.3A CN201811396337A CN109989865A CN 109989865 A CN109989865 A CN 109989865A CN 201811396337 A CN201811396337 A CN 201811396337A CN 109989865 A CN109989865 A CN 109989865A
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tappet body
driven roller
roller apparatus
tappet
cam driven
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查尔斯·尚博诺
托马斯·佩罗廷
塞缪尔·维奥特
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种凸轮从动辊设备(1)，包括：挺杆主体(2)，其沿着纵向轴线(X2)延伸并限定出挺杆孔(5)；和轴承组件，其安装在所述挺杆孔(5)中，所述轴承组件包括：销(3)，其以与所述纵向轴线(X2)垂直的销横向轴线(X3)为中心；和辊(4)，其可旋转地安装在所述销(3)上。所述挺杆主体(2)由金属注射成型工艺制成，包括以下连续步骤：将金属粉末与热塑性粘合剂混合，通过将混合粉末注射在闭合模具中而形成一部件，将该形成的部件在炉中脱脂，烧结以使所述部件致密化，并淬火以设定挺杆主体硬度，以改善耐磨性和疲劳寿命。

Description

尤其用于燃料喷射泵的凸轮从动辊设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在机动车(automotive)或工业应用中使用的用于致动往复运动的凸轮从动辊设备。
本发明的一个有利应用是将凸轮从动辊设备用于意在用于内燃机(尤其是机动车辆)的燃料喷射泵。本发明的另一个有利应用是将该设备用于意在用于控制内燃活塞机的阀的摇杆系统。
背景技术
这种凸轮从动辊设备通常包括外挺杆主体、辊和销(铜制或钢制)。辊可旋转地安装在销上，以使得形成以横向轴线为中心的滚动组件，而挺杆沿着纵向轴线延伸。滚针或衬套可以在纵向上介于所述辊与销之间，以确保辊相对于销绕其轴线旋转，或者销外表面可以被特别地包覆(/涂覆)(coated)以支撑辊的直接旋转。挺杆形成有圆柱形主体，该圆柱形主体界定出布置有滚动组件的内部容积。
辊从挺杆轴向地延伸，以使得与跟内燃机凸轮轴或曲轴同步的凸轮协作(/配合)。凸轮轴或曲轴的旋转致使抵靠挺杆的泵的活塞周期性移位，以允许输送(/输出)燃料。在操作时，挺杆意在用于来回滑动到壳体(诸如泵壳体)内。专利申请US2008/0190237公开了这种传统的凸轮从动辊设备。
外挺杆主体通常由锻造金属制成，然后被机械加工以提供其最终的形状和尺寸。锻造的挺杆主体适合于支撑由燃料泵的压力引起的施加到凸轮从动辊设备的载荷。然而，锻造的挺杆主体的制造和材料成本是昂贵的，锻造的挺杆主体具有相对重大(important)的重量。期望的是减小凸轮从动辊设备的重量，因此减小外挺杆主体的重量，以使得减少燃料消耗。还希望使用较便宜的制造工艺以及使外挺杆主体能够具有复杂的形状。
为此目的，例如在EP 2 853 698 A1中已提出了一种外挺杆主体，其由合成材料制成，尤其是由聚酰胺或聚醚醚酮制成。采用热塑性聚合物材料的挺杆主体允许(产生)低的制造与材料成本、低重量和高的形状复杂性的组合。现在实现了极高的精度和精细的表面细节。然而，这种材料在结构上不如金属材料，(如此)不适合支撑燃料喷射泵中的载荷。在EP 2 853 698 A1的示例中，另外向所述挺杆主体提供加强插入件。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过提出这样一种凸轮从动辊设备来克服这些缺点，该凸轮从动辊设备适于支撑燃料喷射泵中的较高载荷、并且由允许具有高复杂性的形状的工艺制成。
为此，本发明涉及一种凸轮从动辊设备，包括：挺杆主体，其沿着纵向轴线延伸并限定出挺杆孔；和轴承组件，其安装在所述挺杆孔中。所述轴承组件包括：销，其以与所述纵向轴线垂直的销横向轴线为中心；和辊，其可旋转地安装在所述销上。
根据本发明，所述挺杆主体由金属注射成型工艺制成，包括以下连续步骤：将金属粉末与热塑性粘合剂混合，通过将混合粉末注射在闭合模具中而形成一部件(a part)，将该形成的部件(formed part)在炉中(进行)脱脂，烧结以使所述部件致密化(densify)，并淬火以设定挺杆主体(的)硬度，以改善耐磨性和疲劳寿命。
由于本发明，可以制造具有复杂形状的挺杆主体以用于凸轮从动辊设备。金属注射成型工艺防止了额外的二次机械加工的使用，并且还防止了浪费。挺杆主体表面是精细的(fine)，无需额外的精制(refining)工艺步骤。
挺杆主体(的)密度可以在烧结步骤期间被限定为(根据需要)尽可能地高，并且适合用于凸轮从动辊设备应用，尤其是用于机动车辆的燃料喷射泵。
根据本发明的有利但非强制性的另外方面，这种凸轮从动辊设备可以包含以下特征中的一个或几个：
-所述挺杆主体包括两个横向的圆柱形通孔，这两个横向的圆柱形通孔彼此横向面对并且各自接纳销的端部，所述通孔设置于所述挺杆主体的纵向部分并形成所述销用的支撑装置。
-挺杆主体包括固定(fast)在挺杆孔中的支撑主体，所述支撑主体包括横向基部和两个纵向凸缘，这两个纵向凸缘横向相对且从所述基部纵向延伸，各凸缘(均)包括用于接纳销的端部的支撑装置。
-所述挺杆主体包括后抵接表面，所述后抵接表面在挺杆孔中的内壁之间横向延伸，所述后抵接表面与挺杆主体形成一体。
-凸轮从动辊设备包括在所述挺杆主体的外周上的至少一个防旋转设备。
-滚动元件介于销与辊之间。
-滚动元件是滚子或滚针。
-衬套介于销与辊之间。
-所述金属粉末是钢合金。
-所述金属粉末是包括镍、铬和钼表面硬化钢(case hardening steel)的钢合金。有利的是，金属粉末是钢合金21NiCrMo2。
-所述金属粉末是包括镍、碳和钼表面硬化钢的钢的合金。有利的是，金属粉末是钢合金MIM-4605。
-挺杆主体的弹性极限在1000MPa至1500MPa之间，有利的是大致等于1200MPa。
-挺杆主体的极限拉伸强度在1200MPa至1700MPa之间，有利的是大致等于1500MPa。
-挺杆主体的表面粗糙度在250至830Hv之间。所述挺杆主体的后抵接表面上的表面粗糙度有利地优于650Hv。
-该工艺(/过程)还包括挺杆主体表面的精加工操作。
本发明还涉及一种用于机动车辆的喷射泵，其配备有如上所述的凸轮从动辊设备。
本发明还涉及一种用于机动车辆的阀致动器，其配备有如上所述的凸轮从动辊设备。
附图说明
现将结合附图解释本发明，附图作为说明性示例，而不是限制本发明的目的。在附图中：
-图1是凸轮从动辊设备的立体俯视图；
-图2是沿着所述凸轮从动辊设备的线I-I的截面图；以及
-图3是沿着所述凸轮从动辊设备的线II-II的截面图。
具体实施方式
如图1至图3所示，凸轮从动辊设备1包括：挺杆壳体或主体2，其沿着纵向轴线X2延伸；轴或销3，其沿着与纵向轴线X2垂直的销(的)横向轴线X3延伸；和辊(roller)4，其安装在销3上并能够相对于所述销旋转。
在下文中，为了便于对这些图的设备1进行专门识别(special identification)，分别相对于轴线X2和X3定义了形容词“纵向的”和“横向的”以及副词“纵向地”和“横向地”。如此，纵向部分或纵向部与轴线X2平行，而横向部分或横向部与所述轴线X2垂直并与轴线X3平行。
在所公开的示例中，挺杆主体2被制成一体。挺杆主体2界定出挺杆(的)孔5，挺杆孔5具有第一开口容腔6，销3和辊4位于第一开口容腔6内。辊4相对于挺杆主体2的上表面而言纵向向外突出并且专用于与内燃机(未示出)的凸轮协作(/配合)。挺杆孔5在与第一容腔6轴向相反的一侧限定出第二开口容腔7。可运动元件(未示出)(诸如燃料喷射泵的活塞)意在延伸到容腔7内并轴向支承(/支承抵靠)(bear against)挺杆主体2的后抵接表面8。所述后抵接表面8在纵向上定向在(/朝向)与辊4相反的一侧。有利的是，后抵接表面8是平面的并且在挺杆孔5中的内壁之间横向延伸，所述后抵接表面8在纵向上使布置在所述表面8的各(/每一/任一)(either)侧的第一开口容腔6与第二开口容腔7分离开。由于如下所述的挺杆主体(的)制造过程，后抵接表面8被与挺杆主体2制成一体。
挺杆2能够在属于喷射泵或马达的圆柱形壳体的未示出的孔中通过(/利用)外圆柱表面9在该孔中滑动而沿着轴线X2来回运动。所述表面9包括防旋转装置10，在这里是专用于在设置在孔内的适配槽中滑动的突出部分，以防止所述挺杆2在该孔中的任何旋转。
销3是围绕轴线X3的横向圆柱形。销3包括两个相对的销(的)端部11、12和在所述销端部之间延伸的中心部分。挺杆主体2还包括两个圆柱形通孔13、14，通孔13、14设置于挺杆(的)纵向部分，被形成为贯穿所述挺杆主体2的厚度并开口到(/通向)(open into)第一开口容腔6。圆柱形通孔13、14彼此横向面对。销端部11、12分别安装在所述通孔13、14中。有利的是，销端部11、12例如通过压配、焊接、胶合、收边(/填隙)(caulking)或者通过任何其它适当的手段固定(/紧固)于挺杆主体2。
作为另一种选择(未示出)，形成了销用的支撑元件的支撑(主)体被设置在挺杆孔中。这种支撑主体的一个示例在EP-A1-3 165 722中示出。基本上，这种支撑主体包括横向基部和两个纵向凸缘，这两个纵向凸缘横向相对并且从所述基部纵向延伸，每个凸缘包括用于接纳销3的端部11、12的支撑装置。
辊4包括：圆柱形(的)外表面15，其形成了意在用于支承(/支承抵靠)相关联的凸轮6的接触表面；两个前端面16、17，其在横向上界定所述外表面15；和中心圆柱(形)孔18。辊4以辊(的)横向轴线X4为中心，其中辊横向轴线X4与销横向轴线X3是共同的(common)。
辊4可旋转地安装在销3上。如图2所示，多个滚动元件19(这里为滚针)被布置在辊4的中心圆柱形孔18与销3的外圆柱表面之间。作为另一种选择，滑动衬套(slidingbushing)被布置在销3与辊4之间，以支撑辊相对于销的旋转。
根据本发明，挺杆主体2通过金属注射成型工艺制成，其包括连续的以下步骤。
将金属粉末与热塑性粘合剂(binder)混合在一起。混合涂覆(/混合包覆/混合覆盖)(Mixing coats)金属粉末颗粒与粘合剂，破开(/打碎/分解开)(break up)聚结物(agglomerates)并允许得到均匀(/均质)分布的金属粉末颗粒与粘合剂。混合被在任何适当的混合装置中执行，例如单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机、柱塞式挤出机、双行星式混合机、双凸轮混合机。有利的是，金属粉末是钢合金。根据第一实施方式，金属粉末是包括镍、铬和钼表面硬化钢的钢合金。有利的是，金属粉末是钢合金21NiCrMo2。根据另一个实施方式，金属粉末是包括镍、碳和钼表面硬化钢的钢的合金。有利的是，金属粉末是钢合金MIM-4605。
挺杆主体部(分)通过将混合粉末注射在闭合(的)模具中而形成。混合粉末逐渐地填充在闭合模具中，所述模具限定出挺杆主体2的中空形状。混合粉末没有任何空隙地填充(/充满)整个容腔。金属粉末和粘合剂的混合物(mixture)是均匀的(/均质的)，金属粉末和粘合剂均匀地分布在所述闭合模具内。混合粉末被在适合于混合粉末组合物(composition)的压力和温度条件下填充。此外，温度必须足以使热塑性粘合剂与金属粉末颗粒聚集(aggregated)。粘合剂将金属颗粒保持在一起，但是不能支撑(/支持)在燃料喷射泵中使用时施加于凸轮从动辊设备的应力、热梯度。
然后通过在炉中使形成的部件脱脂(/脱粘)(debinding)来将热塑性粘合剂从挺杆主体材料化合物(compound)中去除。高温脱脂是优选的工艺，而不是使用溶剂萃取工艺(solvent extraction)。实际上，通过溶剂萃取进行的脱脂需要将挺杆主体浸入溶解热塑性粘合剂的流体中，对于当前的最终应用来说缺点是留下开孔结构。相反，在炉中脱脂从孔提取(extracts)热塑性粘合剂(作为流体)，热塑性粘合剂在高温的作用下通过(/转到)(passing to)液态和/或蒸汽态。
该脱脂步骤与烧结挺杆主体结合/接着是烧结挺杆主体，金属颗粒也在高温的作用下被加热并彼此焊接(/软焊)(soldering)。在混合步骤期间然后在注射步骤期间的混合粉末的均匀性(/均质性)导致挺杆主体材料的均匀的(/均质的)烧结结构和对于在燃料喷射泵中应用可接受密度，并且尺寸和性质是受控的。钢合金21NiCrMo2和MIM-4605的示例性实施方式允许达到期望的挺杆主体特性。
挺杆主体的弹性极限(limit of elasticity)(被包括)在1000MPa至1500MPa之间，有利的是大致等于1200MPa。
挺杆主体的极限拉伸强度(ultimate tensile strength)(被包括)在1200MPa至1700MPa之间，有利的是大致等于1500MPa。
然后对挺杆主体进行淬火(quenched)以设定挺杆主体(的)硬度，以改善耐磨性和疲劳寿命。
有利的是，该工艺(/过程)还可以包括在挺杆主体表面上的精加工操作(finishing operations)。
挺杆主体的表面粗糙度(被包括)在250至830Hv之间。有利的是，后抵接表面8上的表面粗糙度优于(superior to)650Hv，这是因为该部件与柱塞(plunger)直接接触并且必须支撑高载荷。
已经基于例如可以用在(意在用于内燃机的)燃料喷射泵中的凸轮从动辊设备说明了本发明。还可以在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，在用于控制内燃机的阀(/气门)(valves)的摇杆系统(rocker system)中设置凸轮从动辊设备。
以上参照附图详细说明了本发明的代表性的非限制性示例。该详细说明仅意在用于教导本领域技术人员用于实践本教导的优选方面的进一步细节，而不意在限制本发明的范围。此外，以上公开的每个附加特征和教导可以单独使用或者与其它特征和教导结合使用，以提供改进的凸轮从动辊设备。
此外，上述代表性示例以及下面的各独立和从属权利要求的各个特征可以以未具体明确列举的方式组合，以便提供本教导的另外有用的实施方式。

Claims (10)

1.一种凸轮从动辊设备(1)，包括：挺杆主体(2)，其沿着纵向轴线(X2)延伸并限定出挺杆孔(5)；和轴承组件，其安装在所述挺杆孔(5)中，所述轴承组件包括：销(3)，其以与所述纵向轴线(X2)垂直的销横向轴线(X3)为中心；和辊(4)，其可旋转地安装在所述销(3)上，
其特征在于，所述挺杆主体(2)由金属注射成型工艺制成，包括以下连续步骤：将金属粉末与热塑性粘合剂混合，通过将混合粉末注射在闭合模具中而形成一部件，将该形成的部件在炉中脱脂，烧结以使所述部件致密化，并淬火以设定挺杆主体硬度，以改善耐磨性和疲劳寿命。
2.根据权利要求1所述的凸轮从动辊设备，其特征在于，所述挺杆主体(2)包括两个横向的圆柱形通孔(13、14)，这两个横向的圆柱形通孔(13、14)彼此横向面对并且各自接纳销(3)的端部(11、12)，所述通孔(13、14)设置于所述挺杆主体(2)的纵向部分并形成所述销(3)用的支撑装置。
3.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的凸轮从动辊设备，其特征在于，所述设备(1)包括在所述挺杆主体(2)的外周(9)上的至少一个防旋转设备(10)。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的凸轮从动辊设备，其特征在于，所述金属粉末是钢合金。
5.根据权利要求4所述的凸轮从动辊设备，其特征在于，所述金属粉末是包括镍、铬和钼表面硬化钢的钢合金。
6.根据权利要求4所述的凸轮从动辊设备，其特征在于，所述金属粉末是包括镍、碳和钼表面硬化钢的钢的合金。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的凸轮从动辊设备，其特征在于，所述挺杆主体(2)包括后抵接表面(8)，所述后抵接表面(8)在挺杆孔(5)中的内壁之间横向延伸，所述后抵接表面(8)与挺杆主体(2)形成一体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的凸轮从动辊设备，其特征在于，所述挺杆主体的后抵接表面(8)上的表面粗糙度有利地优于650Hv。
9.一种用于机动车辆的喷射泵，其配备有根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的凸轮从动辊设备(1)。
10.一种用于机动车辆的阀致动器，其配备有根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的凸轮从动辊设备(1)。
CN201811396337.3A 2017-12-06 2018-11-22 尤其用于燃料喷射泵的凸轮从动辊设备 Pending CN109989865A (zh)

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