CN109985496A - 一种铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法 - Google Patents
一种铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109985496A CN109985496A CN201910223321.0A CN201910223321A CN109985496A CN 109985496 A CN109985496 A CN 109985496A CN 201910223321 A CN201910223321 A CN 201910223321A CN 109985496 A CN109985496 A CN 109985496A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- red mud
- flue gas
- ammonium
- desulfurization
- strengthens
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium sulfide Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[S-2] UYJXRRSPUVSSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 235000007769 Vetiveria zizanioides Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 244000284012 Vetiveria zizanioides Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009621 Solvay process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001164 aluminium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BUACSMWVFUNQET-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
- B01D53/502—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific solution or suspension
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/002—Apparatus for sowing fertiliser; Fertiliser drill
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- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
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- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,具体为将赤泥破碎,过筛,对赤泥进行浆化,然后进行曝气处理,加入铵盐和/或氨,自然沉降后得到赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液;在浆液中加入铵盐和/或氨,再加入水,混合均匀后进行烟气预脱硫,处理后的烟气继续经过赤泥预处理清液进行烟气深度脱硫,脱硫后的烟气直接排放;处理后的赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液进入下方的置换池中,接着加入石灰乳,搅拌,经自然沉降后将下层浓赤泥浆液进行土壤化,上层清液回流进赤泥曝气池。本发明通过氯化铵强化赤泥脱碱,并用其对含硫烟气进行处理,使其pH降低且对二氧化硫的吸收能达到去除烟气中二氧化硫的作用,处理后的赤泥浆液富含N便于土壤化。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环境保护领域的工业烟气污染物控制技术领域,具体涉及一种铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法。
背景技术
二氧化硫是大气中主要污染物之一,是衡量大气是否遭到污染的重要标志。世界上有很多城市发生过二氧化硫危害的严重事件,使很多人中毒或死亡。如二氧化硫可被吸收进入血液,对全身产生毒副作用,它能破坏酶的活力,从而明显地影响碳水化合物及蛋白质的代谢,对肝脏有一定的损害。在我国,电力、化工以及冶炼等行业使用的燃煤锅炉和窖炉排放烟气量大,且烟气中含有大量的二氧化硫。因此,工业燃煤和产生的烟气必须经处理达标后才能排放。
赤泥亦称红泥,是制铝工业提取氧化铝排出的污染性废渣,一般平均每生产1吨氧化铝,附带产生1.0~2.0吨赤泥。中国作为世界第四大氧化铝生产国,每年排放的赤泥高达数百万吨。赤泥的pH值很高,其浸出液的pH值为12.1~13.0,氟化物含量为11.5mg/L~26.7mg/L。按GB 5058-85有色金属工业固体废物污染控制标准,因其pH值大于12.5,氟化物含量大于50 mg/L,污水综合排放划分为超标废水,因此赤泥属于有害废渣。因此,赤泥脱碱及其合理化处理极其重要。
目前,处理二氧化硫的方法主要有石灰-石灰石法、钠碱法、氨碱法、海水吸收法、亚硫酸钠法、碱式硫酸铝法等。工业常用的为石灰-石灰石法。虽然石灰石价格低廉,但进入脱硫系统前需磨制成粉状并制成浆液,而且对粒度要求高;液气比较高,从而使耗能较大;副产品很难达标,从而造成大量的废气;最大的问题是副产的脱硫石膏造成的二次污染。由此,研究出用赤泥矿浆进行烟气脱硫。目前已经有较多的关于用赤泥进行烟气脱硫的报道,但均有其局限性。中国专利CN201210526260.3公开了一种利用赤泥浆进行锅炉烟气脱硫的方法,其将赤泥浆液通过脱硫循环泵输送到脱硫塔中,与从脱硫塔这种下部通入的烟气进行脱硫反应。虽然此发明方法利用赤泥来处理含硫烟气,其操作简单,成本低,达到以废治废的目的。但是由于赤泥渗滤液其pH达12.1~13.0,此方法没有强化赤泥脱碱,因此并没有充分利用赤泥的特性;而且含硫烟气只进行简单的烟气脱硫处理,并没有进行深度处理,其脱硫效果并不是很显著。同样的,中国专利CN201610463539 .X公开了一种镁强化赤泥的烟气深度脱硫方法,其将镁用于强化赤泥脱碱,分别用其赤泥浆液和赤泥上清液进行烟气预脱硫和深度脱硫。但其经处理后的脱碱赤泥没有进行下一步处理,使其可以土壤化。因此,针对赤泥废物资源化和工业烟气脱硫的需求,开发一种功能加强型赤泥法烟气脱硫技术对实现工业烟气有效脱硫和赤泥的资源化利用非常必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供的一种能有效实现工业烟气有效脱硫和赤泥资源化利用的一种铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法。
本发明方法的技术解决方案是:
一种铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将赤泥破碎,过50~200目筛,使用浆化液按照25-30:1的液固比对赤泥进行浆化,接着通入二氧化硫和氧气对赤泥浆化液在赤泥曝气池中进行曝气处理;加入铵盐和/或氨,经自然沉降后得到赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液,并将其作为含硫烟气的预脱硫浆液和深度脱硫清液;
2)在赤泥预处理浆液中加入铵盐和/或氨,再加入水,混合均匀,接着将含硫烟气在脱硫塔中先逆流接触进行烟气预脱硫,处理后的烟气继续经过赤泥预处理清液进行烟气深度脱硫处理,脱硫后的烟气直接排放即可;
3)经过步骤(2)处理后的赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液进入下方的置换池中,接着在置换池中加入石灰乳,搅拌,经自然沉降后将下层浓赤泥浆液综合利用进行土壤化,上层清液回流进赤泥曝气池。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述的浆化液为工业用水、酸性废水、置换池上层清液中的任一种或多种。
进一步的,所述的酸性废水为含较低浓度的硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、盐酸、有机酸等中的任一种或多种废水。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述的二氧化硫与氧气的体积比为1:1~6:1。
进一步的,所述的铵盐为氯化铵、硫酸铵、硝酸铵、碳酸铵、磷酸铵、硫化铵、碳酸氢铵、过硫酸铵、季铵盐中的任一种或多种。
进一步的,所述的氨为氨气或氨水。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述的铵盐和/或氨的加入量为赤泥量的0.5~5%。
进一步的,步骤(2)中所述的铵盐和/或氨的加入量为赤泥预处理浆液量的0.5~5%。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液均控制其pH>8.5。
进一步的,步骤(3)中所述置换池下层浓赤泥浆液控制其pH为6~7。
进一步的,步骤(3)中所述的进行土壤化具体为将下层浓赤泥浆液用抽滤机进行抽滤,往赤泥滤渣中加入土壤修复剂,将其混合物均匀铺洒在理化性质正常的土壤上,并将其与原土壤混合。
进一步的,所述的土壤修复剂包括以下重量份的原料:废生物质粉体10-25份,有机粪肥1-5份,尿素0.5-1.5份。
进一步的,所述的废生物质粉体为农作物秸秆粉末、沼气沼渣、生物质锯末等中的一种或几种混合物。
进一步的,所述的有机粪肥为猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪、狗粪、马粪、鸭粪等中的一种或多种。
进一步的,所述的土壤修复剂与赤泥滤渣质量比为1:5-10。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明利用赤泥吸收烟气中的二氧化硫,能够有效降低有毒有害物质的产生,能耗较低。
2、本发明将赤泥对烟气的脱硫分为预处理和深度处理,能有效去除烟气中的二氧化硫,提高去除效率,与此同时预脱硫区能有效利用赤泥中的结合钠、钙等碱组分充分脱除或转化,不仅能去除烟气中的二氧化硫,而且对赤泥可以进行进一步脱碱效果。
3、吸收烟气后的赤泥浆液经置换池处理后,增加了N元素,且pH达到正常土壤的pH,使其处理后的赤泥可土壤化,降低了赤泥对周围环境的污染。
4、利用农业作物秸秆等生物质废料以及动物粪便制作土壤修复剂可以增添植物生长需要的营养物质及元素,从而将赤泥滤渣土壤化,有效利用了农业废物,实现以废治废。
附图说明
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的说明,但不以任何方式对本发明加以限制,基于本发明教导所作的任何变换或替换,均属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
如图1所示,一种铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)将赤泥破碎,过50目筛,使用浆化液按照25:1的液固比对赤泥进行浆化,接着通入二氧化硫和氧气对赤泥浆化液进行曝气处理,所述的二氧化硫与氧气的体积比为1:1;加入硫酸铵,所述的硫酸铵的加入量为赤泥量的0.5%,经自然沉降后得到赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液,并将其作为含硫烟气的预脱硫浆液和深度脱硫清液;所述的浆化液为硫酸酸性废水;所述赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液均控制其pH>8.5。
2)在赤泥预处理浆液中加入硫酸铵,所述的硫酸铵的加入量为赤泥预处理浆液量的0.5%,再加入水,混合均匀,接着将含硫烟气在脱硫塔中先逆流接触进行烟气预脱硫,处理后的烟气继续经过赤泥预处理清液进行烟气深度脱硫处理,脱硫后的烟气直接排放即可;
3)经过步骤(2)处理后的赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液进入下方的置换池中,接着在置换池中加入石灰乳,搅拌至pH呈弱碱性,经自然沉降后将下层浓赤泥浆液综合利用进行土壤化,所述的置换池下层浓赤泥浆液控制其pH为6~7,上层清液回流进赤泥曝气池。
4)将下层浓赤泥浆液用抽滤机进行抽滤,往赤泥滤渣中加入土壤修复剂,所述的土壤修复剂与赤泥滤渣质量比为1:5;将其混合物均匀铺洒在理化性质正常的土壤上,并将其与原土壤混合。所述的土壤修复剂包括以下重量份的原料:废生物质粉体15份,有机粪肥3份,尿素1份。
向脱硫塔中通入含二氧化硫初始浓度为4000 mg/m3的模拟烟气,烟气流量控制在2.5 m3/h,烟气温度约为100 ℃,预脱硫区液气比为7 L/m3,深度脱硫区液气比为9 L/m3。
通过对脱硫尾气中二氧化硫浓度的在线监测和记录,结果表明吸收后模拟烟气中二氧化硫的浓度保持在110 mg/m3左右,据此计算二氧化硫的去除率为97.25%。
在经修复后的赤泥土壤上种植香根草10天后发芽率为70%。
实施例2
1)将赤泥破碎,过100目筛,使用浆化液按照28:1的液固比对赤泥进行浆化,接着通入二氧化硫和氧气对赤泥浆化液进行曝气处理,所述的二氧化硫与氧气的体积比为3:1;加入硝酸铵,所述的硝酸铵的加入量为赤泥量的1%,经自然沉降后得到赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液,并将其作为含硫烟气的预脱硫浆液和深度脱硫清液;所述的浆化液为工业用水;所述赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液均控制其pH>8.5。
2)在赤泥预处理浆液中加入硝酸铵,所述的硝酸铵的加入量为赤泥预处理浆液量的1%,再加入水,混合均匀,接着将其余含硫烟气在脱硫塔中先逆流接触进行烟气预脱硫,处理后的烟气继续经过赤泥预处理清液进行烟气深度脱硫处理,脱硫后的烟气直接排放即可;
3)经过步骤(2)处理后的赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液进入下方的置换池中,接着在置换池中加入石灰乳,搅拌至pH呈弱碱性,经自然沉降后将下层浓赤泥浆液综合利用进行土壤化,所述的置换池下层浓赤泥浆液控制其pH为6~7,上层清液回流进赤泥曝气池。
4)将下层浓赤泥浆液用抽滤机进行抽滤,往赤泥滤渣中加入土壤修复剂,所述的土壤修复剂与赤泥滤渣质量比为1:10,将其混合物均匀铺洒在理化性质正常的土壤上,并将其与原土壤混合。所述的土壤修复剂包括以下重量份的原料:废生物质粉体15份,有机粪肥3份,尿素1份。
向脱硫塔中通入含二氧化硫初始浓度为4000 mg/m3的模拟烟气,烟气流量控制在2.5 m3/h,烟气温度约为80 ℃,预脱硫区液气比为8 L/m3,深度脱硫区液气比为10 L/m3。
通过对脱硫尾气中二氧化硫浓度的在线监测和记录,结果表明吸收后模拟烟气中二氧化硫的浓度保持在90 mg/m3左右,据此计算二氧化硫的去除率为97.75%。
在经修复后的赤泥土壤上种植香根草10天后发芽率为75%。
实施例3
1)将赤泥破碎,过200目筛,使用浆化液按照30:1的液固比对赤泥进行浆化,接着通入二氧化硫和氧气对赤泥浆化液进行曝气处理,所述的二氧化硫与氧气的体积比为6:1;加入磷酸铵,所述的磷酸铵的加入量为赤泥量的1.5%,经自然沉降后得到赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液,并将其作为含硫烟气的预脱硫浆液和深度脱硫清液;所述的浆化液为工业用水和置换池上层清液。所述赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液均控制其pH>8.5。
2)在赤泥预处理浆液中加入磷酸铵,所述的磷酸铵的加入量为赤泥预处理浆液量的1.5%,再加入水,混合均匀,接着将其余含硫烟气在脱硫塔中先逆流接触进行烟气预脱硫,处理后的烟气继续经过赤泥预处理清液进行烟气深度脱硫处理,脱硫后的烟气直接排放即可;
3)经过步骤(2)处理后的赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液进入下方的置换池中,接着在置换池中加入石灰乳,搅拌至pH呈弱碱性,经自然沉降后将下层浓赤泥浆液综合利用进行土壤化,所述的置换池下层浓赤泥浆液控制其pH为6~7,上层清液回流进赤泥曝气池作为浆化液使用;
4)将下层浓赤泥浆液用抽滤机进行抽滤,往赤泥滤渣中加入土壤修复剂,所述的土壤修复剂与赤泥滤渣质量比为1:8,将其混合物均匀铺洒在理化性质正常的土壤上,并将其与原土壤混合。所述的土壤修复剂包括以下重量份的原料:废生物质粉体15份,有机粪肥3份,尿素1份。
向脱硫塔中通入含二氧化硫初始浓度为4000 mg/m3的模拟烟气,烟气流量控制在2.5 m3/h,烟气温度约为80 ℃,预脱硫区液气比为7 L/m3,深度脱硫区液气比为9 L/m3。
通过对脱硫尾气中二氧化硫浓度的在线监测和记录,结果表明吸收后模拟烟气中二氧化硫的浓度保持在170 mg/m3左右,据此计算二氧化硫的去除率为95.75%。
在经修复后的赤泥土壤上种植香根草10天后发芽率为68%。
实施例4
一种铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将赤泥破碎,过80目筛,使用浆化液按照26:1的液固比对赤泥进行浆化,接着通入二氧化硫和氧气对赤泥浆化液在赤泥曝气池中进行曝气处理,所述的二氧化硫与氧气的体积比为2:1;加入氯化铵,所述的氯化铵的加入量为赤泥量的2%,经自然沉降后得到赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液,并将其作为含硫烟气的预脱硫浆液和深度脱硫清液;所述的浆化液为工业用水、酸性废水和置换池上层清液。所述的酸性废水为含较低浓度的硝酸废水。所述赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液均控制其pH>8.5。
2)在赤泥预处理浆液中加入氯化铵,所述的氯化铵的加入量为赤泥预处理浆液的2%,再加入水,混合均匀,接着将其余含硫烟气在脱硫塔中先逆流接触进行烟气预脱硫,处理后的烟气继续经过赤泥预处理清液进行烟气深度脱硫处理,脱硫后的烟气直接排放即可;
3)经过步骤(2)处理后的赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液进入下方的置换池中,接着在置换池中加入石灰乳,搅拌,经自然沉降后将下层浓赤泥浆液综合利用进行土壤化,所述的置换池下层浓赤泥浆液控制其pH为6;上层清液回流进赤泥曝气池。
所述的进行土壤化具体为将下层浓赤泥浆液用抽滤机进行抽滤,往赤泥滤渣中加入土壤修复剂,所述的土壤修复剂与赤泥滤渣质量比为1:6,将其混合物均匀铺洒在理化性质正常的土壤上,并将其与原土壤混合。所述的土壤修复剂包括以下重量份的原料:废生物质粉体10份,有机粪肥1份,尿素0.5份。所述的废生物质粉体为农作物秸秆粉末。所述的有机粪肥为猪粪。
经过测定,本实施例对烟气中二氧化硫的去除率为96.15%;在经修复后的赤泥土壤上种植香根草10天后发芽率为77%。
实施例5
一种铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将赤泥破碎,过120目筛,使用浆化液按照27:1的液固比对赤泥进行浆化,接着通入二氧化硫和氧气对赤泥浆化液在赤泥曝气池中进行曝气处理,所述的二氧化硫与氧气的体积比为3:1;加入铵盐和氨,所述的铵盐为氯化铵、硫酸铵、硝酸铵、碳酸铵、磷酸铵、硫化铵、碳酸氢铵、过硫酸铵、季铵盐的混合物,所述的氨为氨水;所述的铵盐和氨的加入量为赤泥量的2.5%,经自然沉降后得到赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液,并将其作为含硫烟气的预脱硫浆液和深度脱硫清液;所述的浆化液为酸性废水、置换池上层清液中的任一种或多种。所述的酸性废水为含较低浓度的有机酸废水。所述赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液均控制其pH>8.8。
2)在赤泥预处理浆液中加入铵盐和氨,所述的铵盐为氯化铵、硫酸铵、硝酸铵、碳酸铵、磷酸铵、硫化铵、碳酸氢铵、过硫酸铵、季铵盐的混合物,所述的氨为氨水;所述的铵盐和氨的加入量为赤泥预处理浆液的2.5%,再加入水,混合均匀,接着将其余含硫烟气在脱硫塔中先逆流接触进行烟气预脱硫,处理后的烟气继续经过赤泥预处理清液进行烟气深度脱硫处理,脱硫后的烟气直接排放即可;
3)经过步骤(2)处理后的赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液进入下方的置换池中,接着在置换池中加入石灰乳,搅拌,经自然沉降后将下层浓赤泥浆液综合利用进行土壤化,所述的置换池下层浓赤泥浆液控制其pH为7;上层清液回流进赤泥曝气池。
所述的进行土壤化具体为将下层浓赤泥浆液用抽滤机进行抽滤,往赤泥滤渣中加入土壤修复剂,所述的土壤修复剂与赤泥滤渣质量比为1:7,将其混合物均匀铺洒在理化性质正常的土壤上,并将其与原土壤混合。所述的土壤修复剂包括以下重量份的原料:废生物质粉体25份,有机粪肥5份,尿素1.5份。所述的废生物质粉体为沼气沼渣。所述的有机粪肥为鸡粪。
经过测定,本实施例对烟气中二氧化硫的去除率为96.88%;在经修复后的赤泥土壤上种植香根草10天后发芽率为72%。
实施例6
一种铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将赤泥破碎,过180目筛,使用浆化液按照29:1的液固比对赤泥进行浆化,接着通入二氧化硫和氧气对赤泥浆化液在赤泥曝气池中进行曝气处理,所述的二氧化硫与氧气的体积比为4:1;加入氨水,所述的氨水的加入量为赤泥量的3%,经自然沉降后得到赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液,并将其作为含硫烟气的预脱硫浆液和深度脱硫清液;所述赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液均控制其pH>9。
2)在赤泥预处理浆液中加入氨水,加入氨水,所述的氨水的加入量为赤泥量的3%,再加入水,混合均匀,接着将其余含硫烟气在脱硫塔中先逆流接触进行烟气预脱硫,处理后的烟气继续经过赤泥预处理清液进行烟气深度脱硫处理,脱硫后的烟气直接排放即可;
3)经过步骤(2)处理后的赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液进入下方的置换池中,接着在置换池中加入石灰乳,搅拌,经自然沉降后将下层浓赤泥浆液综合利用进行土壤化,所述的置换池下层浓赤泥浆液控制其pH为6.5;上层清液回流进赤泥曝气池。
所述的进行土壤化具体为将下层浓赤泥浆液用抽滤机进行抽滤,往赤泥滤渣中加入土壤修复剂,所述的土壤修复剂与赤泥滤渣质量比为1:9,将其混合物均匀铺洒在理化性质正常的土壤上,并将其与原土壤混合。所述的土壤修复剂包括以下重量份的原料:废生物质粉体20份,有机粪肥3份,尿素1份。所述的废生物质粉体为农作物秸秆粉末、沼气沼渣、生物质锯末。所述的有机粪肥为猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪、狗粪、马粪、鸭粪。
经过测定,本实施例对烟气中二氧化硫的去除率为98.75%;在经修复后的赤泥土壤上种植香根草10天后发芽率为80%。
Claims (10)
1.一种铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)将赤泥破碎,过50~200目筛,使用浆化液按照25-30:1的液固比对赤泥进行浆化,接着通入二氧化硫和氧气对赤泥浆化液在赤泥曝气池中进行曝气处理,加入铵盐和/或氨,经自然沉降后得到赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液,并将其作为含硫烟气的预脱硫浆液和深度脱硫清液;
2)在赤泥预处理浆液中加入铵盐和/或氨,再加入水,混合均匀,接着将含硫烟气在脱硫塔中先逆流接触进行烟气预脱硫,处理后的烟气继续经过赤泥预处理清液进行烟气深度脱硫处理,脱硫后的烟气直接排放即可;
3)经过步骤(2)处理后的赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液进入下方的置换池中,接着在置换池中加入石灰乳,搅拌,经自然沉降后将下层浓赤泥浆液综合利用进行土壤化,上层清液回流进赤泥曝气池。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中所述的浆化液为工业用水、酸性废水、置换池上层清液中的任一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中所述的二氧化硫与氧气的体积比为1:1~6:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,其特征在于所述的铵盐为氯化铵、硫酸铵、硝酸铵、碳酸铵、磷酸铵、硫化铵、碳酸氢铵、过硫酸铵、季铵盐中的任一种或多种;所述的氨为氨气或氨水。
5.根据权利要求1所述的铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中所述的铵盐和/或氨的加入量为赤泥量的0.5~5%;步骤(2)中所述的铵盐和/或氨的加入量为赤泥预处理浆液量的0.5~5%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中所述的赤泥预处理浆液和赤泥预处理清液均控制其pH>8.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,其特征在于步骤(3)中所述的置换池下层浓赤泥浆液控制其pH为6~7。
8.根据权利要求1所述的铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,其特征在于步骤(3)中所述的进行土壤化具体为将下层浓赤泥浆液用抽滤机进行抽滤,往赤泥滤渣中加入土壤修复剂,将其混合物均匀铺洒在理化性质正常的土壤上,并将其与原土壤混合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,其特征在于所述的土壤修复剂包括以下重量份的原料:废生物质粉体10-25份,有机粪肥1-5份,尿素0.5-1.5份;所述的废生物质粉体为农作物秸秆粉末、沼气沼渣、生物质锯末中的一种或几种混合物,所述的有机粪肥为猪粪、鸡粪、牛粪、狗粪、马粪、鸭粪中的一种或多种。
10.根据权利要求8所述的铵强化赤泥矿浆烟气脱硫的方法,其特征在于所述的土壤修复剂与赤泥滤渣质量比为1:5-10。
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