CN1099723C - 改进介质透镜减少内反射波干扰的透镜天线 - Google Patents

改进介质透镜减少内反射波干扰的透镜天线 Download PDF

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CN1099723C
CN1099723C CN97104401A CN97104401A CN1099723C CN 1099723 C CN1099723 C CN 1099723C CN 97104401 A CN97104401 A CN 97104401A CN 97104401 A CN97104401 A CN 97104401A CN 1099723 C CN1099723 C CN 1099723C
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lens
lens antenna
described lens
antenna
plane surface
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CN1167350A (zh
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仓本晶夫
田边浩介
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NEC Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/08Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/08Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located

Abstract

公开了一种透镜天线,包括:一个锥形辐射器和一个装接在所述辐射器的开口上并使自所述锥形辐射器辐射出的电磁波准直的圆形平凸介质透镜,所述透镜是一个直径为r的圆形透镜,所述透镜在第一侧面有一面对自由空间的第一平面表面,而在相对第一侧面的第二侧面则有一旋转双曲面,并用相对介电常数在2至4范围的介质材料制成,所述透镜设有一柱形部分,所述柱形部分具有一与第一平面表面平行且与第一平面表面相距一段预定距离的第二平面表面,所述柱形部分与所述透镜为同心。

Description

改进介质透镜减少内反射波干扰的透镜天线
技术领域
本发明一般涉及对透镜天线进行的改进,此透镜天线包含在辐射器的开口上装接有一个介质透镜;更具体地涉及的透镜天线包含有一个改进的介质透镜用以有效地降低由透镜内部内反射电磁波引起的干扰。
背景技术
作为已有技术,透镜天线包含一个固定在辐射器的开口(嘴)上的介质透镜。介质透镜起着使电磁波准直的元件的作用。透镜天线一般用于联机观测的地面微波通信系统。
在转入本发明之前最好参照图1描述一下已有的透镜天线。
图1是一已知透镜天线的部分截面的侧视图,通常用标号10表示,它包含一个平凸介质透镜12和一个用作拉直波导的锥形辐射器14。平凸透镜12是用相对介电常数约2至4范围内的诸如聚乙烯、聚苯乙稀之类的介质材料制成。透镜12有一面对自由空间的平面表面16和一在内侧的旋转双曲面(用标号18表示)。辐射器14有一圆形开口,透镜12就固定在它的周边。辐射器14有一涂复导电层的内壁和一凸缘20,它与波导件24的相应凸缘22连接。标号26表示一波导。
作为已知技术,透镜12将从发射源28(即初级天线)发射来的电磁波的球面波前转换成平面波前。十分明显,可以通过透镜的成形按照各处的相位在平面表面上(即平面波前)形成场(即电磁场),使得从发射波源28至透镜平面的所有路程均为相等的电学长度(费尔马特原理)。
如图1中所示,所给入射波30的一部分在透镜12的两点处被反射:在凸面表面18(用虚线箭头29表示反射分量)和在平面表面16。除去从处于轴32或与其相近的点上反射之外,从凸面表面18产生的反射不返回发射源28,因而无关重要。然而,从透镜平面16反射的能量正好沿着发射线30返回并可能对要从发射波源28发射的能量产生不利影响。
图9是美国专利5166698公开的一种介质天线,其基本原理与图1所示的介质天线相同。除去从轴9和在其附近的点上反射之外,从透镜表面24反射的能量正好沿着轴9返回,并对发射源发射的能量产生不利影响。
因而人们高度期望减少上述由平面透镜表面反射所引起的不符合要求的影响。
发明内容
因而本发明的一项目的是要提供一种具有使内反射波引起的干扰减少的改进介质透镜的透镜天线。
本发明的一种方式在透镜天线中保存着包括:一锥形辐射器;和装接在所述辐射器开口上的一个透镜,所述透镜在第一侧面有一面对自由空间的平面表面,而在相对于第一侧面的第二侧面则有一旋转双曲面,它是用相对介电常数在2至4范围内的介质材料制成的,所述透镜是一直径为r的圆形透镜,其中所述透镜设有一自所述透镜的平面表面伸出的柱形部分,所述柱形部分有约r/3的直径和约0.17λ。的高度,其中λ。为所述透镜天线所用频率范围的中心频率波长,所述柱形部分与所述透镜为同心。
本发明的另一种方式在透镜天线中保存着包括:
一锥形辐射器;和装接在所述辐射器开口上的一个透镜,所述透镜在第一侧面有一面对自由空间的平面表面,而在相对于第一侧面的第二侧面则有一旋转双曲面,它是用相对介电常数在2至4范围内的介质材料制成的,所述透镜是一直径为r的圆形透镜,其中所述透镜设有一自所述透镜的平面表面凹入的柱形部分,所述柱形部分有约r/3的直径和约0.17λ。的高度,其中λ。为所述透镜天线所用频率范围的中心频率波长,所述柱形部分与所述透镜为同心。
从以下结合附图所作的说明中将会更加清楚地理解到本发明的特征和优点。
附图说明
图1为参照即时披露的公开段落中的一个透镜天线部分截面的侧视图。
图2为本发明第一实施例透镜天线的透视图;
图3为图2透镜天线部分截面的侧视图;
图4为用以描述第一实施例的工作的矢量图;
图5为表示第一实施例透镜天线的辐射图形的曲线图;
图6为表示第一实施例中反射损耗的曲线图;
图7为表示已有技术中反射损耗的曲线图;以及
图8为本发明第二实施例透镜天线的透视图;
图9为另一现有技术的透镜天线部分截面的侧视图。
具体实施方式
对本发明第一实施例的说明将参照图2至6进行。
图2为第一实施例透镜天线40的透视图,透镜天线40包括一个圆形平凸介质透镜42,它如图1所示已有技术中那样支撑在锥形辐射器的开口上。透镜42是用相对介电常数在2至4范围内的合适介质材料制成。如图所示,透镜42有一外伸距离为h的中心部分。伸出部分大体上呈盘状,因而此后就称之为盘状或柱状部分44。此盘状部分44是以同心的方式形成在透镜42上的。要注意到盘状部分44是透镜42的一部分并且是在制造透镜42时作成如此形状的。为了便于描述,盘状部分44的平面表面用标号44a表示,而除去平面表面44a之外的透镜42的平面表面则用42a表示。如同图1的已有技术中那样,透镜42在内侧面有一旋转双曲面18′(见图3)。透镜天线40的其余部分与图1的相应部分完全相同,因而对它们的描述将予省略。
用D1和D2分别表示透镜42和盘状部分44的直径,最好将直径D2设成约为D1的三分之一(即(D1)/3)。直径D1和D2的这种关系是由下述因素定出的。大家都知道透镜42边缘附近的电磁场要比其中心附近弱。也就是说,从透镜42边缘附近反射的波量与从其中心附近反射的波量不同。为了有效地减少由反射波引起的不符合要求的现象,非常希望从表面42a和44a反射的波量相等。按照这一观点,最好就将直径D2定成约等于D1的三分之一(即(D1)/3)。
在图3中示出由波源28起始发射的两束波50和52。波50和52分别指向穿通表面42a和44a。如同前述,穿通透镜平面(如42a和44a)的各个波的能量有部分从平面的边界处反射。在图3中,符号50r和52r分别表示波50和52的反射波。人们明白反射波52r与反射波50r相比被推后了“2×h”的电学路程。按照发明人所进行的研究,高度“h”最好约为0.17λ。(λ。为指定频率范围的中心频率波长)。这意味着反射波52r与反射波50r相比按自由空间(空气或真空)表示被推后了2×0.17λ。=0.34λ。。
此外,发明人在下列条件下进行了一次计算机模拟。也就是说,透镜42是用相对介电常数εr为2.85的聚碳酸酯制成的,而直径D1和D2则分别为200毫米和60毫米。假设有效频带范围从37.00千兆赫至39.50千兆赫,从而中心频率为38.25千兆赫(λ。=7.84毫米)。因此,用下式算出盘状部分44的高度“h”:如上所述,从平面表面44a反射的波(如52r)与在平面表面42a处反射的波(如50r)相比推迟了0.34λ。(按自由空间(空气或真空)表示)。
对表明第一实施例具有超过已有技术的优点的一项特例将予讨论。首先,给出了未设置上述盘状部分44的情况(如图1中所示已有技术的情况)。
定义如下与透镜平面16有关的参数:
E1i:入射在透镜平面16上的波;
E1t:穿通平面16的波;
E1r:从平面16反射的波;以及
R1:在平面16处的反射系数(矢量)。此外,假设:
|R1|=|E1r/E1i|=0.3………(1)因为反射损耗RL可以表示为10log|R|2,于是RL=10log|R|2
  =20log|R|
  =20log0.3
  =-10.5(dB)          …(2)另外,在第一实施例方面,与盘状部分44的平面44a有关的参数定义如下:
E2i:入射在透镜平面44a上的波;
E2t:穿通平面44a的波;
E2r:从平面44a反射的波;以及
R2:在平面44a处的反射系数(矢量)。此外,与透镜42的平面42a有关的参数定义如下:
E3i:入射在透镜平面42a上的波;
E3t:穿通平面42a的波;
E3r:从平面42a反射的波;以及
R3:在平面42a处的反射系数(矢量)。
Rt=R2+R3因为  E2i=E3iand|E2r|=|E3r|,于是
               Rt=R2+R3 = { E 2 i | 2 / ( | E 2 i | 2 + | E 3 i | 2 ) } 2 × ( E 2 r / E 3 i ) + { E 3 i | 2 / ( | E 2 i | 2 + | E 3 i | 2 ) } 2 × ( E 3 r / E 3 i ) = ( 1 / 2 · E 2 i ) × ( E 2 r + E 3 r ) . . . ( 3 ) 因而,E2r和E3r之间的相位差(用θ表示)为
θ=0.17×2×2π=0.68π以上假设了在平面40a和42a处的反射波量互等。
图4为表示E2r和E3r之间关系的矢量图,它们的相位差为θ。
假设|E2r/E2i|=0.3,于是我们求得 Rt = 1 / 2 × 0.3 { ( 1 + cos θ ) 2 + sin 2 θ } = 1 / 2 × 0.3 × 0.964 =0.204...(4)作为一项结果,以上情况中的反射损耗(用RL’表示)如下:
RL′=10l0g|Rt|
    =-13.8dB                     …(5)
从以上计算中可以了解到,与已知技术相比,能使反射损耗降低3.3分贝。
发明人进行了一次计算机模拟,确定了当由波导26所加的是垂直偏振波时的辐射图形。图5为表示计算机模拟结果的曲线图,它清楚地表明,即使形成了盘形部分44,仍能获得良好的辐射图形。
此外,发明人研究了出现在第一实施例(结果示于图6)和在已有技术(结果示于图7)中的反射损耗,两者处于自35千兆赫至40千兆赫的频率范围。此频率范围包括了体现本发明透镜天线所优先利用的频带(37.0千兆赫至39.5千兆赫)。在此项研究中,以从波导26辐射的波在透镜12(图1)和42(图3)的平面表面上全部被反射定为参照级(0分贝)。如图6中所示,第一实施例中的最差反射损耗约为一16.4分贝。与此对比,已有技术中的最差反射损耗则如图7中所绘的,约为一11.0分贝。也就是说,此项检查表明,与已有技术相比,第一实施例能使反射损耗下降约5.4分贝。
图8为示明本发明第二实施例的一幅图。如图所示,透镜天线40包括一个介质透镜42′,它有深度为h的柱形凹进44′。除此之外,图8的第二实施例在结构上与第一实施例相同。对于第二实施例,从凹进44′的内表面反射的每个波比从没有凹进44′的内表面反射的波缩短了0.34波长(2h=0.34)。大家会明白,以上就第一实施例所进行的运行讨论适用于第二实施例。
大家将会明白,以上公开的只是本发明具有代表性的两项可能的实施例,而发明赖以建立的概念并不受它的具体限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种透镜天线包括:
一个锥形辐射器;以及
一个装接在所述辐射器的开口上并使自所述锥形辐射器辐射出的电磁波准直的圆形平凸介质透镜,所述透镜是一个直径为r的圆形透镜,所述透镜在第一侧面有一面对自由空间的第一平面表面,而在相对第一侧面的第二侧面则有一旋转双曲面,并用相对介电常数在2至4范围的介质材料制成,
所述透镜的特征在于,所述透镜设有一柱形部分,所述柱形部分具有一与第一平面表面平行且与第一平面表面相距一段预定距离的第二平面表面,所述柱形部分与所述透镜为同心。
2.按照权利要求1所述的透镜天线,其特征在于,所述柱形部分自第一面表面伸出并有一约r/3的直径。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的透镜天线,其特征在于,预定距离约为0.17λ。,其中λ。为所述透镜天线所用频率范围的中心频率波长。
4.按照权利要求1所述的透镜天线,其特征在于,所述柱形部分自第一平面表面伸出并有一约r/3的直径,而其中的预定距离约为0.17λ。,其中λ。为所述透镜天线所用频率范围的中心频率波长。
5.按照权利要求1所述的透镜天线,其特征在于,所述柱形部分自第一平面表面凹进并有一约r/3的直径。
6.按照权利要求5所述的透镜天线,其特征在于,预定距离约为0.17λ。,其λ。为所述透镜天线所用频率范围的中心频率波长。
CN97104401A 1996-05-30 1997-05-29 改进介质透镜减少内反射波干扰的透镜天线 Expired - Fee Related CN1099723C (zh)

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CN1167350A (zh) 1997-12-10
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AU716231B2 (en) 2000-02-24
AU2372097A (en) 1997-12-04
US5952984A (en) 1999-09-14
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