CN109971163B - 一种水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109971163B
CN109971163B CN201910270416.8A CN201910270416A CN109971163B CN 109971163 B CN109971163 B CN 109971163B CN 201910270416 A CN201910270416 A CN 201910270416A CN 109971163 B CN109971163 B CN 109971163B
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任龙芳
雷平川
强涛涛
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备方法。本发明旨在解决现有水凝胶力学拉伸性能差、自修复耗时较长等问题,为了达到目的,技术方案为:首先向PPU中加入含巯基的封端剂,得到端巯基聚氨酯预聚体,然后将多巴胺甲基丙烯酰胺单体分散,将其加入预聚体中,再加入光引发剂,在紫外灯照射下进行反应,再将反应产物中和、乳化得到含儿茶酚基水性聚氨酯乳液,最后将制备的乳液和FeCl3溶液按比例混合,调节pH,得到不同颜色的凝胶材料。所制得的凝胶材料对PH变化敏感,具备较好的自修复能力和拉伸应变的性能。

Description

一种水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于功能性高分子材料生产技术领域,特别涉及一种含儿茶酚单体改性水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
一直以来,生物相容性良好的粘附材料被大自然中许多生物体广泛应用,自然界生物系统对各种基材的黏附行为令人印象深刻,尤其是许多水生生物所具备的出色黏附表现,即使在动荡、潮湿的环境都能容易地黏附在许多基体表面上。如紫贻贝就能利用自身分泌的粘液经固化后,将自己黏附在礁石和船体表面;管栖蠕虫,也可分泌黏液将生存环境中的沙等物质粘合在一起,形成一个中空的管状并赖以栖身。诸多黏附表现中都发现了多酚类物质的踪影。其中,贻贝足丝蛋白的黏附性最突出,不仅粘附基材广泛、固化速度快和水下粘附能力强,而且还具有良好的生物相容性,是一种理想的生物医用胶黏材料。
水性聚氨酯(WPU)是一类由异氰酸酯和多元醇为主反应生成主链中含有氨基甲酸酯(-NHCOO-)和侧链带有亲水性官能团的重复单元,并由软段、硬段交替排列嵌段而成的高聚物,具有分子结构可自由设计、软段/硬段比例可调节等特点,可制备得到不同结构和性能的聚氨酯材料。其符合工业发展的“三前提”及“4E”原则,其应用几乎涵盖所有高分子领域,作为粘合剂和涂层的聚氨酯黏附材料应用十分广泛。
现有技术存在的问题是:水凝胶的研究和发展,使得其越来越多的出现在各种工程领域,如医用粘附、导电、建筑保水、农业生产等诸多方面。但水凝胶力学拉伸性能差、自修复耗时较长等问题比较突出,应变拉伸性能相比PU材料逊色许多。
发明内容
本发明提供一种水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料及其制备方法,以克服现有技术存在的水凝胶力学拉伸性能差、自修复耗时较长的问题。
为解决现有技术存在的问题,本发明的技术方案是:
一种水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备方法,具体步骤包括:
步骤一:端巯基聚氨酯预聚体的制备
向合成的PPU中加入含巯基(-HS)的封端剂,即得到端巯基聚氨酯预聚体;
步骤二:含儿茶酚单体改性水性聚氨酯的制备
将多巴胺甲基丙烯酰胺单体(DMA)分散于丙酮中,然后将其加入步骤一所制备的端巯基聚氨酯预聚体中,加入DMA的量为PPU中二异氰酸酯和二元醇的质量和的3.0%~6.4%,再加入光引发剂2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮(DMAP),光引发剂DMAP和DMA摩尔比为1:1.3~1.4,DMA和巯基(-HS)摩尔比为1:1.1~1.2;随即在紫外灯照射下进行丙烯酰胺基和巯基之间的点击化学反应,反应持续时间为5~30min,然后将制得的产物用三乙胺中和成盐、加入去离子水乳化得到含儿茶酚基水性聚氨酯;
步骤三:水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备
将步骤二中制备的含儿茶酚基的水性聚氨酯乳液和FeCl3溶液按照酚羟基与Fe3+摩尔比为3:1进行混合,调节PH在5~11范围内,得到不同颜色的凝胶材料。
上述步骤一中含巯基的封端剂为巯基乙醇(CME)、巯基乙胺、L-半胱氨酸中的一种或几种。
如上述制备方法制备所得的水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料。
本发明将自然界生物系统的黏附单元多巴胺与水性聚氨酯相结合,设计、合成了一种新型的含儿茶酚基水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料。与现有技术相比,本发明的优点如下:
1、本发明受水生生物出色粘附表现的启发,利用酚类物质和Fe3+离子之间的络合作用,结合水性聚氨酯分子可设计、比例可调节的优点,制备出含儿茶酚单体改性水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料;
2、本发明利用点击化学反应高效便捷的特点,紫外引发下巯基和丙烯酰胺基发生反应,定量定位地将儿茶酚基引入到水性聚氨酯链中;
3、本发明水性聚氨酯以水作为分散剂,安全环保,促进了可持续和生态友好材料的发展;
4、本发明可定量赋予水性聚氨酯儿茶酚基结构,操作路线简便、反应高效且绿色环保;
5、该凝胶材料以水性聚氨酯为基体,结合酚类物质的优良性能,扩展了含儿茶酚天然物质与水性聚氨酯材料的应用范围;
6、本发明将儿茶酚基引入到水性聚氨酯链中,利用儿茶酚和Fe3+之间的络合作用,制备出对PH变化敏感的凝胶材料,可以提高复合凝胶材料的应变拉伸性能,也具备良好的自修复的性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明含儿茶酚单体改性水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的合成机理示意图;
图2为实施例2制备的含儿茶酚水性聚氨酯与Fe3+络合机理图;
图3是实施例2的产品的储存模量监测图;
图4是实施例3的产品自修复效果示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明的方法,参见图1:先制备多巴胺甲基丙烯酰胺单体(DMA),然后利用点击化学将其引入端巯基水性聚氨酯基体中,制得一种乳体稳定的含儿茶酚-水性聚氨酯材料,再利用儿茶酚基与Fe3+的络合机理,形成含儿茶酚基水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料。
实施例1:
一种水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤
步骤(1):端巯基聚氨酯预聚体的制备
将12.5mol异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯与6.25mol聚乙二醇(PEG600)加入到装有搅拌器、玻璃瓶塞的三口烧瓶中,然后再加入2~3滴二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)、1.45mol(以二异氰酸酯和二元醇的质量和为计算基准)1,4-丁二醇(BDO),搅拌均匀后,升温至60℃反应40min,再升温至70℃,继续反应2-3h,加入4.22mol(以二异氰酸酯和二元醇的质量和为基准)亲水扩链剂双羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)于80℃条件下进行升温扩链反应,继续反应2.5h,得到合成的PPU,最后加入1.16mol巯基乙醇(CME)对聚氨酯预聚体进行封端,即得到端巯基聚氨酯预聚体;
步骤(2):含儿茶酚单体改性水性聚氨酯的制备
将0.97mol DMA(DMA的质量为PPU中二异氰酸酯和二元醇的质量和的3.0%)分散于适量丙酮中,然后将其加入步骤(1)所制备的端巯基水性聚氨酯中,再加入1.26mol光引发剂2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮(DMAP),随即在紫外灯照射下进行丙烯酰胺基和巯基之间的点击化学反应,最后将制得的产物用0.3779g三乙胺中和成盐,再加入23.48g去离子水乳化得到含儿茶酚基水性聚氨酯;
紫外光线的波长为365nm,在紫外灯引发下,丙烯酸基和巯基之间的反应持续时间为15min;
步骤(3):含儿茶酚单体改性水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备
在pH从5~13的变化范围中,可分别形成外观颜色的凝胶材料(墨绿色—红棕色—墨色)。
本实施例中配置pH为7的PBS缓冲溶液,将步骤二中制备的含儿茶酚基的水性聚氨酯乳液和FeCl3溶液混合(混合溶液中的儿茶酚基和Fe3+摩尔比大致为3:1)后,瞬间形成墨绿色凝胶材料。
实施例2:
步骤(1):端巯基聚氨酯预聚体的制备
将12.5mol异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯与6.25mol聚乙二醇(PEG400)加入到装有搅拌器、玻璃瓶塞的三口烧瓶中,然后再加入2~3滴二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)、1.45mol(以二异氰酸酯和二元醇的质量和为计算基准)1,4-丁二醇(BDO),搅拌均匀后,升温至60℃反应40min,再升温至70℃,继续反应2-3h,加入3.93mol(以二异氰酸酯和二元醇的质量和为基准)亲水扩链剂双羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)于80℃条件下进行升温扩链反应,继续反应2.5h,最后加入1.74mol巯基乙醇(CME)对聚氨酯预聚体进行封端,即得到端巯基聚氨酯预聚体;
步骤(2):含儿茶酚单体改性水性聚氨酯的制备
将1.45mol DMA(DMA的质量为PPU中二异氰酸酯和二元醇的质量和的4.6%)分散于适量丙酮中,然后将其加入步骤一所制备的端巯基水性聚氨酯中,再加入1.88mol光引发剂2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮(DMAP),随即在紫外灯照射下进行丙烯酰胺基和巯基之间的点击化学反应;最后将制得的产物用0.324g三乙胺中和成盐,再加入20g去离子水乳化得到含儿茶酚基水性聚氨酯;
紫外光线的波长为365nm,在紫外灯引发下,丙烯酸基和巯基之间的反应持续时间为20min;
步骤(3):含儿茶酚单体改性水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备
配置pH为11的PBS缓冲溶液,将步骤二中制备的含儿茶酚基的水性聚氨酯乳液和FeCl3溶液混合(混合溶液中的儿茶酚基和Fe3+摩尔比大致为3:1)后,瞬间形成褐红色凝胶材料。
参见图3,水性聚氨酯/Fe3+水凝胶材料在pH = 11环境中下形成的WPU水凝胶的流变学分析:通过1Hz下的储能模量(G')监测自愈合。证明制备的复合凝胶材料具备较好的自修复能力和拉伸应变。
实施例3:
步骤(1):端巯基聚氨酯预聚体的制备
将12.5mol 4,4'-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)与6.25mol聚丙二醇(PPG600)加入到装有搅拌器、玻璃瓶塞的三口烧瓶中,然后再加入2~3滴二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)、1.45mol(以异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯和聚丙二醇(600)的质量和为基准)1,4-丁二醇(BDO),搅拌均匀后,升温至60℃反应40min,再升温至70℃,继续反应2-3h。加入3.56mol(质量基于异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯和聚丙二醇(600)的质量和为基准)亲水扩链剂双羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)于80℃条件下继续反应2.5h,最后加入2.47mol巯基乙胺对聚氨酯预聚体进行封端,即得到端巯基聚氨酯预聚体。
步骤(2):含儿茶酚单体改性水性聚氨酯的制备
将2.05molDMA(DMA的质量为PPU中二异氰酸酯和二元醇的质量和的6.4%)分散于适量丙酮中,然后将其加入步骤一所制备的端巯基水性聚氨酯中,再加入2.66mol光引发剂2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮(DMAP),随即在紫外灯照射下进行丙烯酰胺基和巯基之间的点击化学反应;最后将制得的产物用0.257g三乙胺中和成盐、加入23.62g去离子水乳化得到含儿茶酚基水性聚氨酯;
紫外光线的波长为365nm,在紫外灯引发下,丙烯酸基和巯基之间的反应持续时间为30min;
步骤(3):含儿茶酚单体改性水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备
配置pH为13的PBS缓冲溶液,将步骤二中制备的含儿茶酚基的水性聚氨酯乳液和FeCl3溶液混合(混合溶液中的儿茶酚基和Fe3+摩尔比大致为3:1)后,瞬间形成墨色凝胶材料。
参见图4,含儿茶酚基的水性聚氨酯乳液和FeCl3溶液混合,在pH=13形成具有良好自修复性能的墨色凝胶材料。WPU水凝胶的自我修复如图:(a)切成两片,和(b)在几分钟内恢复成整体。
上述制备方法制得的含儿茶酚单体改性水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料,可用于药物载体,易降解抗菌材料以及医用凝胶材料等领域。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的制备方法的步骤为:
步骤一:端巯基聚氨酯预聚体的制备
向合成的PPU中加入含巯基的封端剂,即得到端巯基聚氨酯预聚体;
步骤二:含儿茶酚单体改性水性聚氨酯的制备
将多巴胺甲基丙烯酰胺单体分散于丙酮中,然后将其加入步骤一所制备的端巯基聚氨酯预聚体中,加入多巴胺甲基丙烯酰胺单体的量为PPU中二异氰酸酯和二元醇的质量和的3.0%~6.4%,再加入光引发剂2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮,光引发剂2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮和多巴胺甲基丙烯酰胺单体摩尔比为1:1.3~1.4,多巴胺甲基丙烯酰胺单体和巯基摩尔比为1:1.1~1.2;随即在紫外灯照射下进行丙烯酰胺基和巯基之间的点击化学反应,反应持续时间为5~30min,然后将制得的产物用三乙胺中和成盐、加入去离子水乳化得到含儿茶酚基水性聚氨酯;
步骤三:水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备
将步骤二中制备的含儿茶酚基的水性聚氨酯乳液和FeCl3溶液按照酚羟基与Fe3+摩尔比为3:1进行混合,调节PH在5~11范围内,得到不同颜色的凝胶材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤一中含巯基的封端剂为巯基乙醇、巯基乙胺、L-半胱氨酸中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法制备所得的水性聚氨酯/Fe3+凝胶材料。
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