CN109966395B - 一种治疗小儿急性支气管炎咳嗽的软胶囊剂 - Google Patents
一种治疗小儿急性支气管炎咳嗽的软胶囊剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗小儿急性支气管炎咳嗽的软胶囊剂及其制备方法。该软胶囊剂由黄芩、金荞麦、枇杷叶、浙贝母、虎杖和甘草为原料药制成,制剂止咳性能优异,且不含糖分,非常适合小儿使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,更具体地,一种治疗小儿急性支气管炎咳嗽的软胶囊剂。
背景技术
小儿急性支气管炎,是小儿常见的一种呼吸道疾病。该病常继发于上呼吸道感染之后,也常为肺炎的早期表现。也有的是小儿急性传染病如麻疹、百日咳、伤寒、猩红热等疾病的早期症状或并发症。
疾病开始时表现为上呼吸道感染症状,发热、流鼻涕、咳嗽,咳嗽逐渐加重并且有痰,起初是白色粘痰,几天后变为黄色脓痰。有的小儿嗓子呼嗜呼喀作响,早晚咳嗽较重,经常因咳嗽将食物吐出。还常伴有头痛、食欲不振、疲乏无力、睡眠不安、腹泻等症状。当小儿支气管炎治疗不当时,可转变为慢性支气管化脓性炎症,破坏支气管壁使支气管壁变形扩张,管壁组织被破坏,使支气管丧失原有的自然防御能力,也降低了咳嗽效率和排痰功能,为进一步感染提供了条件。甚至,患儿可出现高热、缺氧、呼吸困难、急性呼吸衰竭,甚至出现肺不张、肺气肿、脓胸、脓气胸、肺脓肿、心包炎、败血症等并发症,可危及生命。
西医治疗主要从症状出发,针对咳嗽,给予镇咳药,但应避免给药过量以致抑制分泌物的咳出;针对痰液,用超声雾化吸入使痰液稀释,同时拍背排痰或人工吸痰;针对平喘,给予止喘药如氨茶碱、博利康尼或激素等治疗;针对退烧,超过38.5℃以上时给予退热处置。但在实际使用中,既存在过量使用抗生素的情况,本该使用的化痰方法也由于不方便以及副作用较大等缺点没能被正确使用,导致治疗进程缓慢。
本申请的发明人多年前提出了一种用于小儿痰热阻肺,肺失宣肃所致咳嗽不已病症的药物组合物,安全性高且毒性低。在这些年期间,发明人进一步研究,发现该药物组合物还非常适用于小儿急性支气管炎咳嗽,并且考虑到小儿服药的困难度,考虑将其制成软胶囊剂型。但是,亲水性药物以及含水量高的药物不宜制成软胶囊剂,容易出现各种问题,包括内容物分层、胶囊壳软化、出现泄露等问题。因此,虽然软胶囊有很多优于其它口服固体制剂的优点,起效快、生物利用度高、易于给药、适合小儿服用等等,但很多成药尤其是中成药仍然没有软胶囊剂型的产品,例如,小儿豉翘颗粒、小儿咳喘灵颗粒剂、小儿速效感冒颗粒剂等等,这些药物虽然效果很好,但由于给小儿服用这些药物非常另人困扰有时甚至难以完成,使得很多疾病不能在初起阶段就得以有效处理,也让家长们非常发愁。本申请的发明人对此也深有体会,故而进行了非常繁琐及不停探索的研究。最终,本申请的发明人发现通过调整原料药的提取工艺以及提供适合内容物基质组合物,可以既解决了软胶囊内容物容易分层、容易泄漏的技术问题,并获得了很好的对小儿急性支气管炎咳嗽患者的治疗效果,因而提出本申请。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种治疗小儿急性支气管炎咳嗽的软胶囊剂及其制备方法。
本发明软胶囊剂的原料药由黄芩4~18份、金荞麦4~16份、枇杷叶(蜜炙)4~16份、浙贝母3~12份、虎杖3~12份、甘草1~6份组成。优选地,原料药是:黄芩9份、金荞麦8份、枇杷叶(蜜炙)8份、浙贝母6份、虎杖6份、甘草3份。
所述软胶囊剂的制备工艺包括内容物的配制,胶液的配制以及压丸、定型、干燥、包装工艺。
内容物的配制:取黄芩、金荞麦、枇杷叶、浙贝母、虎杖和甘草六味中药饮片投入多功能提取罐,加入原料药10-20倍量(W/L)的蒸馏水,煎煮1-2小时,蒸汽压力维持0.02-0.04MPa,煎煮液经200目筛滤过,滤液抽入贮罐中;向提取罐中再加入5-10倍量(W/L)的蒸馏水,煎煮0.5-1小时,蒸汽压力保持在0.03-0.05MPa,煎煮液经200目筛滤过,滤液抽入贮罐中;合并两次煎液,抽入双效节能浓缩罐中,关闭进料阀,进行双效浓缩,一效浓缩温度50-70℃,一效蒸发室的真空度控制在0.03-0.05Mpa,二效浓缩温度70-90℃,二效蒸发室真空度控制在0.05-0.08Mpa条件下,药液浓缩至相对密度为1.30-1.32(80℃测定),得浸膏;将所述的浸膏充分溶解在内容物基质内得到均质的内容物;所述的内容物基质为由聚乙二醇400、1,2丙二醇、甘油和甘氨酸组成的组合物,其质量比为:聚乙二醇400∶1,2丙二醇∶甘油∶甘氨酸=1∶(0.05-0.1)∶(0.1~0.2)∶(0.05-0.1),优选1∶0.05∶0.2∶0.05。
配制胶液:按重量份取明胶、酰化明胶、聚乙二醇200、纯净水、甘油、维生素E,比例为明胶∶酰化明胶∶聚乙二醇200∶纯净水∶甘油∶维生素E=(0.5-0.7)∶(0.3-0.5)∶(0.05-0.1)∶(0.8-1.2)∶(0.1-0.2)∶(0.05-0.1),优选的比例是0.6∶0.4∶0.05∶1.0∶0.1∶0.1。所述的明胶的冻力粘度在200-220Bloomg。
将所述胶液和内容物药溶液以1~1.2∶1的比例于滚模式制丸机上压制成软胶囊,经定型、洗丸、干燥、包装即得。
本发明提出的一种治疗小儿急性支气管炎咳嗽的软胶囊剂的制备方法,其内容物基质采用由聚乙二醇400、1,2丙二醇、甘油和甘氨酸组成的水溶性基质组合物,其中,选用1,2丙二醇、甘油和甘氨酸作为助溶剂,大大提高了浸膏粉的溶解度,将浸膏粉完全溶解形成溶液,制丸过程中不会出现分层,充填药液均匀,含量准确;其胶液成分由明胶、酰化明胶、聚乙二醇200、纯净水、甘油和维生素E组成,选取明胶和酰化明胶的联合使用,很好地保证了胶液的黏性,而配合加入的其它成分,既确保了崩解时限的满足,还避免了出现软胶囊制品常见的渗漏现象。经长期稳定性考察,本发明产品在贮存过程中质量稳定,没有出现分层、没有浸膏粉聚积结块现象,也没有出现渗漏现象。采用本发明方法制得的软胶囊产品,质量稳定,有较长的保质期,患儿易于服用,且疗效优异。
具体实施方式
本申请的发明人进行了大量试验,因需要考虑的因素太多,以及筛选过程反复,下文仅提供部分实验结果。
一、制剂稳定性试验
1.内容物基质的筛选
实验方法:按照表1所述成分配置基质组合物,将实施例1所制得的浸膏粉充分溶解在上述基质组合物内得到内容物。取5ml置于试管中,密封,36小时后观察内容物的外观性能。结果见表1。
表1 内容物基质的筛选结果
所述的内容物基质为由聚乙二醇200、1,2丙二醇、甘油和甘氨酸组成的水溶性基质,其质量比为:聚乙二醇200∶1,2丙二醇∶甘油∶甘氨酸=1∶(0.05-0.1)∶(0.1~0.2)∶(0.05-0.1)。优选1∶0.05∶0.2∶0.05。
2.胶液成分的筛选
实验方法:将按照表2所述成分配置胶液和实施例1所制的内容物药溶液以1∶1的比例于滚模式制丸机上压制成软胶囊,干燥,留样考察3个月,考察软胶囊外观和物理性能,结果见表2。
表2 胶液成分的筛选结果
3.软胶囊产品长期稳定性试验
选取实施例1的产品,进行6个月的加速试验和6个月的长期稳定性试验,以进一步验证基质成分和胶液成分组合的可行性和产品质量的稳定性。
实验方法:取实施例1的产品,模拟上市包装,分别在温度40±2℃,相对湿度75%的条件下于0、1、2、3、6月取样检查;在室温25℃±2℃,相对湿度60%±10%条件下放置,于0、1、2、3、6月取样检查,检验项目为外观性状、鉴别、酸度、崩解时限、差量差异、含量测定、微生物限度。
结果见表3-4。
表3 加速试验结果
表4 长期加速试验结果
结论:实施例1所制得的软胶囊产品在加速稳定性试验条件及长期稳定性试验条件下放置,并于0、1、2、3、6月取样检查上述项目,没有明显变化,没有漏油、提取物沉淀、聚集结块现象,符合规定。
二、药效试验
1.止咳祛痰作用的试验研究
试验材料
1.2药物与试剂
1.2.1受试药:实施例1所制得的软胶囊内容物,用饮用水溶至90ml。
1.2.2阳性药:急支糖浆,太极集团涪陵制药厂生产。
配制方法:取急支糖浆3ml,稀释到20ml,灌胃给药0.3ml/10g体重。小鼠剂量为4.5ml/kg。
1.2.3化学试剂
亚硫酸钠:分析纯,北京化学试剂公司。
硫酸:分析纯,北京化学试剂二厂。
1.3方法
小鼠随机分成5组,每组14只。模型组、本品4.5、2.25、1.15g/kg组、急支糖浆4.5ml/kg组;分别按剂量灌服药液,模型组灌服自来水。每日一次、连续给药三天。末次给药I小时后,将小鼠放入密封的钟罩内(5000ml),注入20ml SO2气体。立刻计时,刺激3分钟,计录小鼠开始咳嗽的时间,为咳嗽潜伏期。取出小鼠放入大烧杯内,继续观察20分钟,并记录0-10,10-20分钟小鼠的咳嗽次数。各组计算均值、SD,运用SPSS10.0for windows进行数据统计分析,数值采用X土SD表示,组间比较采用ANOVA分析,方差齐者用LSD检验,不齐者用DunnetC s T3检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
1.4结果
结果见表5。
注:*、**表示于模型组比较P<0.05,0.10
结果表明:本品大剂量组能获得与阳性组非常接近且更优的效果,明显减少咳嗽次数,表明该药有显著的止咳作用。本品中剂量组也具有不错的止咳作用,即使小儿服用期间出现遗撒,对效果的影响也不大。本品低剂量组效果不明显。
2、临床试验
按以下病例纳入标准纳入病例100例,随机分成治疗组和对照组(每组50例),口服给药。治疗组按实施例1所制得软胶囊产品给药,剂量为:7-14岁每天服用3次,每次1剂,3-7岁每天服用2次,每次1剂,1-3岁每天服用1次,每次1剂。对照组给予急支糖浆(重庆涪陵制药厂生产,按说明书给药)。7天为一个疗程。
2.1病例纳入标准
诊断标准:符合儿科病症诊断疗效标准中,急性支气管炎咳嗽诊断,并结合临床确定。
纳入标准:符合上述诊断标准,病程2-10天者。
排除标准:年龄在1岁以下、14岁以上者;有严重并发症或恢复期病例;严重营养不良或伴有心血管、肝、肾、造血系统等严重全身疾患者及对本药过敏者。
2.2疗效判定标准
痊愈:咳嗽痰多等临床主症消失,如有发热则为体温恢复正常,舌脉象恢复正常,肺部体征消失X线透视或摄片及血常规复查恢复正常。
显效:咳嗽痰多等临床主症基本消失,如有发热则体温基本恢复正常,舌脉象基本正常,肺部体征基本消失,X线透视或摄片及血常规复查明显好转。
有效:咳嗽痰多等临床主症有所减轻,如有发热则体温有所下降,舌脉象好转,肺部体征减轻,X线透视或摄片及血常规复查有所好转。
无效:咳嗽痰多等临床主症、体温、舌脉象、肺部体征、X线透视或摄片及血常规复查无改善或加重。
2.3结果
结果见表6。
临床应用结果显示,本发明的产品对于急性支气管炎所致咳嗽有很好的治疗效果,并且由于服用方便,患儿依从性高,较之目前常用的急支糖浆产品,更容易被接受,且不会摄入过量的糖分。
实施例
通过以下实施例来进一步说明本发明,但是实施例的内容对本发明没有限制。
实施例1
取黄芩1000g、金荞麦888g、枇杷叶(蜜炙)888g、浙贝母666g、虎杖666g、甘草334g投入多功能提取罐,加入原料药15倍量(W/L)的蒸馏水,升温至沸,煎煮2小时,蒸汽压力维持0.03MPa,煎煮液经200目筛滤过,滤液抽入贮罐中;向提取罐中再加入7倍量(W/L)的蒸馏水,升温至沸,煎煮1小时,蒸汽压力保持在0.05MPa,煎煮液经200目筛滤过,滤液抽入贮罐中;合并两次煎液,将煎液抽入双效节能浓缩罐中,关闭进料阀,进行双效浓缩,一效浓缩温度50-70℃,一效蒸发室的真空度控制在0.03-0.05Mpa条件下,二效浓缩温度70-90℃,二效蒸发室真空度控制在0.05-0.08Mpa条件下,药液浓缩至浸膏相对密度为1.30-1.32(80℃测定),得浸膏;将所述的浸膏充分溶解在160g内容物基质内得到均质的内容物;所述的内容物基质由聚乙二醇400∶1,2丙二醇∶甘油∶甘氨酸=1∶0.05∶0.2∶0.05组成。按重量份取0.6∶0.4∶0.05∶1.0∶0.1∶0.1的明胶、酰化明胶、聚乙二醇200、纯净水、甘油、维生素E,制成胶液。将所述胶液和内容物药溶液以1∶1的比例于滚模式制丸机上压制成软胶囊,经定型、洗丸、干燥,制得500粒软胶囊。
实施例2
取黄芩1000g、金荞麦888g、枇杷叶(蜜炙)888g、浙贝母666g、虎杖666g、甘草334g投入多功能提取罐,加入原料药12倍量(W/L)的蒸馏水,升温至沸,煎煮2小时,蒸汽压力维持0.03MPa,煎煮液经200目筛滤过,滤液抽入贮罐中;向提取罐中再加入10倍量(W/L)的蒸馏水,升温至沸,煎煮0.5小时,蒸汽压力保持在0.05MPa,煎煮液经200目筛滤过,滤液抽入贮罐中;合并两次煎液,将煎液抽入双效节能浓缩罐中,关闭进料阀,进行双效浓缩,一效浓缩温度50-70℃,一效蒸发室的真空度控制在0.03-0.05Mpa条件下,二效浓缩温度70-90℃,二效蒸发室真空度控制在0.05-0.08Mpa条件下,药液浓缩至浸膏相对密度为1.30-1.32(80℃测定),得浸膏。将所述浸膏充分溶解在160g内容物基质内得到均质的内容物;所述的内容物基质由聚乙二醇400∶1,2丙二醇∶甘油∶甘氨酸=1∶0.05∶0.2∶0.05组成。按重量份取0.6∶0.4∶0.05∶1.0∶0.1∶0.1的明胶、酰化明胶、聚乙二醇200、纯净水、甘油、维生素E,制成胶液。将所述胶液和内容物药溶液以1∶1的比例于滚模式制丸机上压制成软胶囊,经定型、洗丸、干燥,制得500粒软胶囊。
实施例3
取黄芩530g、金荞麦474g、枇杷叶(蜜炙)474g、浙贝母363g、虎杖363g、甘草197g投入多功能提取罐,加入原料药20倍量(W/L)的蒸馏水,升温至沸,煎煮1小时,蒸汽压力维持0.03MPa,煎煮液经200目筛滤过,滤液抽入贮罐中;向提取罐中再加入7倍量(W/L)的蒸馏水,升温至沸,煎煮1小时,蒸汽压力保持在0.05MPa,煎煮液经200目筛滤过,滤液抽入贮罐中,两次煎液合并,将煎液抽入双效节能浓缩罐中,关闭进料阀,进行双效浓缩,一效浓缩温度50-70℃,一效蒸发室的真空度控制在0.03-0.05Mpa条件下,二效浓缩温度70-90℃,二效蒸发室真空度控制在0.05-0.08Mpa条件下,药液浓缩至浸膏相对密度为1.30-1.32(80℃测定),得浸膏;将所述浸膏充分溶解在100g内容物基质内得到均质的内容物;所述的内容物基质由聚乙二醇400∶1,2丙二醇∶甘油∶甘氨酸=1∶0.05∶0.2∶0.05组成。按重量份取0.6∶0.4∶0.05∶1.0∶0.1∶0.1的明胶、酰化明胶、聚乙二醇200、纯净水、甘油、维生素E,制成胶液。将所述胶液和内容物药溶液以1.2∶1的比例于滚模式制丸机上压制成软胶囊,经定型、洗丸、干燥,制得300粒软胶囊。
Claims (7)
1.一种治疗小儿急性支气管炎咳嗽的软胶囊剂,其特征在于由如下方法制得:原料药由黄芩4~18份、金荞麦4~16份、蜜炙枇杷叶4~16份、浙贝母3~12份、虎杖3~12份、甘草1~6份组成,
内容物的配制:取黄芩、金荞麦、蜜炙枇杷叶、浙贝母、虎杖和甘草六味中药饮片投入多功能提取罐,加入原料药10-20倍量的蒸馏水,煎煮1-2小时,蒸汽压力维持0.02-0.04MPa,煎煮液经200目筛滤过,滤液抽入贮罐中;向提取罐中再加入5-10倍量的蒸馏水,煎煮0.5-1小时,蒸汽压力保持在0.03-0.05MPa,煎煮液经200目筛滤过,滤液抽入贮罐中;合并两次煎液,抽入双效节能浓缩罐中,关闭进料阀,进行双效浓缩,一效浓缩温度50-70℃,一效蒸发室的真空度控制在0.03-0.05Mpa,二效浓缩温度70-90℃,二效蒸发室真空度控制在0.05-0.08Mpa条件下,药液浓缩至80℃测定相对密度为1.30-1.32,得浸膏;将所述的浸膏充分溶解在内容物基质内得到均质的内容物;所述的内容物基质为聚乙二醇400∶1,2丙二醇∶甘油∶甘氨酸=1∶0.05∶0.2∶0.05组成的组合物,
配制胶液:按重量份取明胶、酰化明胶、聚乙二醇200、纯净水、甘油、维生素E,比例为明胶∶酰化明胶∶聚乙二醇200∶纯净水∶甘油∶维生素E=0.6∶0.4∶0.05∶1.0∶0.1∶0.1,
将所述胶液和内容物药溶液以1~1.2∶1的比例于滚模式制丸机上压制成软胶囊,经定型、洗丸、干燥、包装即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的软胶囊剂,其中原料药是:黄芩9份、金荞麦8份、蜜炙枇杷叶8份、浙贝母6份、虎杖6份、甘草3份。
3.如权利要求1所述的软胶囊剂,其中所述的明胶的冻力粘度为200-220Bloomg。
4.如权利要求1-3任意所述的软胶囊剂在制备治疗小儿急性支气管炎咳嗽的药物中的应用。
5.如权利要求1所述的软胶囊剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括内容物的配制,胶液的配制以及压丸、定型、干燥、包装工艺:
原料药由黄芩4~18份、金荞麦4~16份、蜜炙枇杷叶4~16份、浙贝母3~12份、虎杖3~12份、甘草1~6份组成,
内容物的配制:取黄芩、金荞麦、蜜炙枇杷叶、浙贝母、虎杖和甘草六味中药饮片投入多功能提取罐,加入原料药10-20倍量的蒸馏水,煎煮1-2小时,蒸汽压力维持0.02-0.04MPa,煎煮液经200目筛滤过,滤液抽入贮罐中;向提取罐中再加入5-10倍量的蒸馏水,煎煮0.5-1小时,蒸汽压力保持在0.03-0.05MPa,煎煮液经200目筛滤过,滤液抽入贮罐中;合并两次煎液,抽入双效节能浓缩罐中,关闭进料阀,进行双效浓缩,一效浓缩温度50-70℃,一效蒸发室的真空度控制在0.03-0.05Mpa,二效浓缩温度70-90℃,二效蒸发室真空度控制在0.05-0.08Mpa条件下,药液浓缩至80℃测定相对密度为1.30-1.32,得浸膏;将所述的浸膏充分溶解在内容物基质内得到均质的内容物;所述的内容物基质为聚乙二醇400∶1,2丙二醇∶甘油∶甘氨酸=1∶0.05∶0.2∶0.05组成的组合,
配制胶液:按重量份取明胶、酰化明胶、聚乙二醇200、纯净水、甘油、维生素E,比例为明胶∶酰化明胶∶聚乙二醇200∶纯净水∶甘油∶维生素E=0.6∶0.4∶0.05∶1.0∶0.1∶0.1,
将所述胶液和内容物药溶液以1~1.2∶1的比例于滚模式制丸机上压制成软胶囊,经定型、洗丸、干燥、包装即得。
6.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其中原料药是:黄芩9份、金荞麦8份、蜜炙枇杷叶8份、浙贝母6份、虎杖6份、甘草3份。
7.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其中所述的明胶的冻力粘度为200-220Bloomg。
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