CN109966250A - 一种羟基喜树碱类衍生物脂质体的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种羟基喜树碱类衍生物脂质体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种羟基喜树碱类衍生物脂质体的制备方法。所述脂质体原料质量配比如下:羟基喜树碱衍生物1份,蛋黄卵磷脂5~15份,胆固醇3~6份、维生素E 0.5~2份,Tween‑80 1~5份,所述方法包括薄膜分散、高压均质和冷冻干燥等步骤。本发明使用无水乙醇替代传统有机溶剂,联用薄膜分散法和高压均质法,并就均质压力、均值温度和均质次数三个主要的工艺参数进行优化,制备得到粒度小、粒径均一、稳定性好的羟基喜树碱类衍生物脂质体。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种羟基喜树碱类衍生物脂质体的制备方法,属于医药制剂领域。
(二)背景技术
7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱(7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin,SN-38)是广谱抗肿瘤药物伊立替康(Irinotecan,CPT-11)的活性代谢产物,可用于结直肠癌、肝癌、肺癌和乳腺癌等恶性肿瘤的治疗。SN-38是一种拓扑异构酶I抑制剂,可与拓扑异构酶I及DNA形成三元复合物并引起DNA单链断裂,从而阻断DNA复制,引起细胞凋亡,达到抑瘤的目的。据报道,市售CPT-11在患者体内的转化率小于10%,且存在个体差异性,而SN-38作为CPT-11的活性代谢产物,其抗肿瘤活性约为CPT-11的100~1000倍。但由于SN-38的水溶性极差,生物利用度低,限制了其在抗肿瘤治疗方面的广泛应用,目前还没有SN-38制剂上市。
在一定温度下,根据Ostwald-Freundlich方程可知,难溶性药物的溶解度随粒径的减小而增大;根据Noyes-Whitney方程可知,药物的溶出速度随药物的表面积的增大而增大。理论上,减小药物粒径有利于难溶性药物疗效的发挥。脂质体是近年来研究较多的一种剂型,脂质体本身对人体无毒性,不会引起免疫反应,且药物在脂质体中的包封率高,受环境因素影响小,有利于保持SN-38内酯环的稳定性。现有报道中脂质体的制备方法多样,包括薄膜分散法、溶剂注入法、超声波分散法、冷冻干燥法、逆向蒸发法等,但单一的传统方法存在粒径大、分布不均等弊端,且制备过程通常选用二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲醇或其混合体系等毒性较大的有机溶剂。
(三)发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种制备方法简单、经济、绿色,适合大规模生产的同时,又能得到质量较好的载药脂质体的羟基喜树碱类衍生物脂质体的制备方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种羟基喜树碱类衍生物脂质体的制备方法,其原料质量配比如下:羟基喜树碱衍生物1份,蛋黄卵磷脂5~15份,胆固醇3~6份、维生素E 0.5~2份,Tween-80 1~5份,所述方法包括:
(1)称取处方量的羟基喜树碱衍生物、蛋黄卵磷脂、胆固醇、维生素E和Tween-80于圆底烧瓶中,加入足量无水乙醇,20~30℃超声至完全溶解;保持水温40~50℃,于旋转蒸发仪上缓慢减压旋蒸,至溶剂完全挥发后,置于真空干燥箱过夜以完全除去有机溶剂,形成均匀透明的脂质薄膜,加入适量PBS缓冲液水合薄膜20~30分钟,得脂质体混悬液;
(2)使用高压均质仪对步骤(1)所得脂质体混悬液进行均质改性,均质温度为10~20℃,均质压力为200~1200bar,均质次数为5~30次;(3)高压均质后的脂质体混悬液经聚偏氟乙烯膜过滤后,冷冻干燥,得所述羟基喜树碱类衍生物脂质体。
本发明使用无水乙醇替代传统有机溶剂,联用薄膜分散法和高压均质法,并就均质压力、均值温度和均质次数三个主要的工艺参数进行优化,制备得到粒度小、粒径均一、稳定性好的羟基喜树碱类衍生物脂质体。
优选的,步骤(2)均质温度为20℃,均质压力为800~1200bar,均质次数为15~20次。
所述羟基喜树碱衍生物优选为7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱。
制备所述羟基喜树碱类衍生物纳米粒的原料质量配比优选如下:7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱1份,蛋黄卵磷脂10份,胆固醇5份、维生素E 1份,Tween-80 2份。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在:
(1)本发明利用高压均质的撞击、剪切和空化效应,对薄膜分散法制备得到的SN-38混悬液进行进一步细化、均质和改性,制备得到粒度在82nm左右、粒径均一、稳定性好的SN-38脂质体。所述制备方法简单且重复性好,易于大规模生产。
(2)本发明选用无水乙醇替代传统制备方法中的二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、甲醇或其混合体系溶解原料,以减少有机溶剂对机体和环境产生的不良影响。
(3)本发明就均质温度、均质压力和均质次数这三个主要工艺参数进行优化,在控制脂质体质量的同时节约了能耗,为工业化生产提供了一定的实验基础。
(四)附图说明
图1为色谱条件专属性测试结果;A:空白脂质体B:SN-38C:SN-38脂质体;
图2为HPLC测定SN-38含量标准曲线;
图3为SN-38脂质体稳定性研究结果;A:制备当天;B:两周后。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1:
(一)SN-38脂质体制备
1.处方组成:7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱8mg,纯蛋黄卵磷脂80mg,胆固醇40mg,维生素E 8mg,Tween 80 16mg。
2.薄膜分散:称取7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱8mg,纯蛋黄卵磷脂80mg,胆固醇40mg,维生素E 8mg,Tween 80 16mg于圆底烧瓶中,加入5mL无水乙醇,20~30℃超声至完全溶解。保持水温为40~50℃,于旋转蒸发仪上缓慢减压旋蒸,至溶剂完全挥发后,置于真空干燥箱过夜以完全除去有机溶剂,以形成均匀透明的脂质薄膜。加入PBS缓冲液20mL水合薄膜30分钟,得SN-38脂质体混悬液。
3.高压均质:使用高压均质仪对上述脂质体混悬液进行均质改性,设定均质温度分别为0、10、15、20℃,均质压力分别为0、200、400、600、800、1000、1200bar,均质次数分别为5、10、15、20、25、30次。
4.冷冻干燥:将上述高压均质后的脂质体混悬液经聚偏氟乙烯膜过滤后,分装于西林瓶中,冷冻干燥后得SN-38脂质体。
(二)不同条件对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响
1.有机溶剂对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响
方法步骤同(一),将溶剂换为甲醇-氯仿(1:2,v/v),均质压力1200bar,均质温度20℃,均质20个循环,测得不同溶剂对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响,结果见表1:
表1:有机溶剂对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响
2.均质温度对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响
方法步骤同(一),均质压力1200bar,均质20个循环,测得不同均质温度对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响,结果见表2:
表2:均质温度对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响
3.均质压力对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响
方法步骤同(一),均质温度20℃,均质20个循环,测得不同均质压力对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响,结果见表3:
表3:均质压力对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响
4.均质次数对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响
方法步骤同(一),均质温度20℃,均质压力800bar,测得不同均质次数对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响,结果见表4:
表4:均质次数对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响
5.最优工艺参数下SN-38脂质体的粒径及分布
经上述比较,最优均质参数为:均质压力1200bar,均质温度20℃,均质15个循环。该最优工艺参数下SN-38脂质体的粒径及分布见表5:
表5:最优工艺参数下SN-38脂质体的粒径及分布
(三)最优工艺条件下SN-38脂质体质量评价
1.脂质体粒径分布和Zeta电位:采用激光粒度仪测定得到SN-38脂质体的粒径和电位,测得平均粒径为(82.36±0.08)nm,PDI为(0.252±0.018),Zeta电位为(-4.77±1.04)mV。
2.脂质体包封率测定:
(1)色谱条件:色谱柱:LaChrom C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相:KH2PO4-磷酸缓冲盐溶液(pH=3.1,25mM-乙腈(40:60,v/v);检测波长检测波长:380nm;柱温:25℃;流速:1mL·min-1;进样量:20μL。
(2)专属性:以甲醇为破乳液,分别将纯SN-38溶液、空白脂质体破乳液和SN-38脂质体破乳液各20μL注入高效液相色谱仪,色谱条件专属性测试结果见图1,由图可见该色谱条件专属性好,SN-38测定不受辅料和溶剂影响。
(3)线性关系:在色谱条件下,分别将终浓度为1、5、10、20和40μg·mL-1纯SN-38溶液进样分析,以SN-38峰面积(A)对其质量浓度(C)进行线性回归,得标准曲线方程为A=47174C+5571.3(R2=0.9996),标准曲线参见图2;
(4)包封率:采用低温高速离心法测定脂质体包封率,计算公式:测得脂质体包封率为72.96%。
3.脂质体稳定性考察:
将制备得到的脂质体在室温(25±2℃)下放置两周,未出现分层现象,粒径分布显示脂质体无团聚,表明在此条件下脂质体稳定,参见图3。
实施例2(对比例):
(一)SN-38脂质体制备
1.处方组成:7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱8mg,纯蛋黄卵磷脂80mg,胆固醇40mg,维生素E 8mg,Tween 80 16mg。
2.薄膜分散:称取-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱8mg,纯蛋黄卵磷脂128mg,胆固醇64mg,维生素E 8mg,Tween 80 16mg于圆底烧瓶中,加入5mL甲醇-氯仿(1:2,v/v),20~30℃超声至完全溶解。保持水温为40~50℃,于旋转蒸发仪上缓慢减压旋蒸,至溶剂完全挥发后,置于真空干燥箱过夜以完全除去有机溶剂,以形成均匀透明的脂质薄膜。
加入PBS缓冲液20mL水合薄膜30分钟,得SN-38脂质体混悬液。
3.高压均质:使用高压均质仪对上述脂质体混悬液进行均质改性,设定均质温度为25℃,均质次数为10次,均质压力分别为0、200、400、600、800、1000bar。
4.冷冻干燥:将上述高压均质后的脂质体混悬液分装于西林瓶中,冷冻干燥后得SN-38脂质体。
(二)不同药脂比(药物:磷脂)对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响
方法步骤同(一),更改处方量为7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱8mg,纯蛋黄卵磷脂128mg,胆固醇64mg,维生素E 8mg,Tween 80 16mg,溶剂为甲醇-氯仿(1:2,v/v),均质温度为25℃,均质次数为10次,均质压力分别为0、200、400、600、800、1000bar,初步探求不同药脂比对SN-38脂质体粒径及分布的影响,结果见表1:
Claims (4)
1.一种羟基喜树碱类衍生物纳米粒的制备方法,其原料质量配比如下:羟基喜树碱衍生物1份,蛋黄卵磷脂5~15份,胆固醇3~6份、维生素E0.5~2份,Tween-80 1~5份,所述方法包括:
(1)称取处方量的羟基喜树碱衍生物、蛋黄卵磷脂、胆固醇、维生素E和Tween-80于圆底烧瓶中,加入足量无水乙醇,20~30℃超声至完全溶解;保持水温40~50℃,于旋转蒸发仪上缓慢减压旋蒸,至溶剂完全挥发后,置于真空干燥箱过夜以完全除去有机溶剂,形成均匀透明的脂质薄膜,加入适量PBS缓冲液水合薄膜20~30分钟,得脂质体混悬液;
(2)使用高压均质仪对步骤(1)所得脂质体混悬液进行均质改性,均质温度为10~20℃,均质压力为200~1200bar,均质次数为5~30次;
(3)高压均质后的脂质体混悬液经聚偏氟乙烯膜过滤后,冷冻干燥,得所述羟基喜树碱类衍生物脂质体。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(2)均质温度为20℃,均质压力为800~1200bar,均质次数为15~20次。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于所述羟基喜树碱衍生物为7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于制备所述羟基喜树碱类衍生物纳米粒的原料质量配比如下:7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱1份,蛋黄卵磷脂10份,胆固醇5份、维生素E1份,Tween-80 2份。
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