CN109964762A - A kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N2The cropping pattern of O discharge - Google Patents
A kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N2The cropping pattern of O discharge Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 82
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 223
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 110
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 80
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 18
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 description 17
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 16
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009514 concussion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000005206 flow analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003044 randomized block design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009343 monoculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen(.) Chemical compound [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013842 nitrous oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010002660 Anoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000976983 Anoxia Species 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007953 anoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N2The cropping pattern of O discharge makees assemblage zone between every 2 row corn and 2 row potatos composition one using corn and potato as interculture, make in assemblage zone between each, using corn or potato as initial row, 2 row corns and 2 row potatos are arranged successively, and the line-spacing of every row is 50 centimetres；The present invention, only by the adjustment of cropping pattern, can take into account crop yield in the case where not taking external investment, while reach agricultural land soil greenhouse gases N2O emission reduction purpose；By interplanting mode, crop amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer can be improved relative to nonoculture and reduce and cause agricultural land soil greenhouse gases N2The discharge of O.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation more particularly to a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N2The cropping pattern of O discharge.
[background technique]
The nitrous oxide for being commonly called as " laughing gas " is a kind of anaesthetic gases, is once applied in medical surgery extensively.But
" laughing gas " will lead to human body anoxia after entering blood, sucks may cause hypertension, syncope, or even heart attack for a long time.This
Outside, the such gas of Long Term Contact can also cause anaemia and central nervous system damage etc..
Atmosphere N2The important sources of O first is that farmland ecosystem, in the soil, N2O is by nitrification, denitrifying microorganism
It generates, people apply excessive nitrogenous fertilizer into farmland, promote microbial activities, pass through nitrification, denitrification process
(nitrification and denitrification) makes nitrogen transformation N2O.Bio-denitrifying sewage nitrification and denitrification mistake
Journey can also cause the discharge of nitrous oxide, and the limitation of dissolved oxygen, the accumulation of nitrite and the oxidation of azanol are all to cause to aoxidize
Sub- nitrogen Producing reason.
N2O is to be only second to CO2And CH4A kind of important greenhouse gases, potential heating effect is approximately CO2296~
310 times.And exist in an atmosphere with constant, it may participate in a variety of photochemical reactions, destroy atmospheric ozone layer, closely cause global gas
Time warms.Agricultural soil is agricultural land soil N2O discharges important source, agriculture N2O discharge accounts for global N2The 25% of O total emission volumn~
39%.The wherein N that agricultural is discharged every year2O accounts for the 58% of artificial source, and is increased with faster rate.Agriculture N2The discharge of O accounts for
China N2The 73.8% of O discharge, nitrogen application can ensure that crop yield, while also increase farmland N2O discharge, seriously threatens life
State Environmental security.
Therefore N can largely be reduced using reasonable cropping pattern and mode2The discharge of O, for the mankind or even
The meaning of the earth is quite important.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N2The cropping pattern of O discharge, to solve taking into account
Soil Trace Gases N is reduced in the case where yield2The problem of O is discharged.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N2The cropping pattern of O discharge, using corn
With potato as interculture, makees assemblage zone between every 2 row corn and 2 row potatos composition one, makees in assemblage zone between each,
Using corn or potato as initial row, 2 row corns and 2 row potatos are arranged successively, and the line-spacing of every row is 50 centimetres.
Further, the spacing in the rows 25cm of corn.
Further, the spacing in the rows 35cm of potato.
Further, potato is sowed March, needs to carry out disinfection to potato seed before sowing.
Further, corn is sowed May, needs to urge it tooth nursery before sowing.
Further, corn variety is to seek list 7.
Further, Potato Cultivars are Huize 2.
Further, corn and potato are all made of dig reservoir seeding method, and base manure mixed with pool soil after with crop
Sowing applies together, and soil types is red soil, the content of organic matter 25.06g/kg, full nitrogen 1.11g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 87.37mg/
Kg, rapid available phosphorus 23.31mg/kg, available potassium 207.82mg/kg, pH 6.79.
Further, potato carries out top dressing in bud stage.
Further, corn is primary in toy trumpet mouth phase and each top dressing of big bell mouth stage.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: in the case where not taking external investment, it, can be simultaneous only by the adjustment of cropping pattern
Crop yield is cared for, while reaching agricultural land soil greenhouse gases N2O emission reduction purpose；It, can be relative to nonoculture by interplanting mode
It improves crop amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer and reduces and cause agricultural land soil greenhouse gases N2The discharge of O.
[Detailed description of the invention]
Fig. 1 is cropping pattern schematic diagram of the invention；
Monthly temperature and monthly total precipitation during Fig. 2 is present invention test；
Fig. 3 is different nitrogen amount applieds and influence of the work to corn potato yield in invention；
Fig. 4 is influence of the different nitrogen amount applieds to corn potato Intercropping advantage in invention；
Fig. 5 is in invention under different nitrogen amount applieds, and work reduces agricultural land soil greenhouse gases N relative to nonoculture2O discharge
Amount；
Fig. 6 is intercropping mode under nitrogen amount applieds different in invention to corn potato N2O discharge and specific yield N2O accumulation
The relationship of discharge amount.
[specific embodiment]
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N2The cropping pattern of O discharge, as shown in Figure 1, using corn
With potato as interculture, 2 row potato of band-like kind of every 2 row corn, i.e., the row of corn and potato is than being 2:2；Every 2
Row corn and 2 row potatos make assemblage zone between forming one, make in assemblage zone between each, using corn or potato as initial row, 2
Row corn and 2 row potatos are arranged successively, and the line-spacing of every row is 50 centimetres, the spacing in the rows 25cm of corn, the spacing in the rows 35cm of potato,
Potato is sowed March, needs to carry out disinfection to potato seed before sowing, and corn is sowed May, is needed before sowing
Tooth nursery is urged it, and corn variety is to seek list 7, and Potato Cultivars are Huize 2, and corn and potato are all made of dig reservoir sowing
Mode, and base manure mixed with pool soil after with crop sowing apply, potato in bud stage carry out top dressing, corn is in small
Trumpet period and each top dressing of big bell mouth stage are primary.
As shown in Fig. 2, in April, 2015~November is tested (N in the great river Yunnan Prov Agriculture University Xun Dian bridge Experimental Base
23 ° 32 ', 103 ° 13 ' of E), it is located in Kunming northeast, belongs to north subtropical monsoon climate.Year sunshine number 2077.7h, frost-free period
257d, monthly mean temperature and monthly total precipitation are as shown in Figure 1 during test.Soil types is red soil, content of organic matter 25.06g/
Kg, full nitrogen 1.11g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 87.37mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 23.31mg/kg, available potassium 207.82mg/kg, pH 6.79.
Embodiment one: sole maize
1.1 corn varieties: it seeks No. 7 single
Field plot trial uses cropping pattern for main process task, and amount of nitrogen is the RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN of vice processing.
1.2 nitrogen amount applieds:, not applying nitrogen (N0) by 4, and 1/2 routine applies nitrogen (N1), routinely applies nitrogen (N2), and 3/2 routine applies nitrogen
(N3), it is 250kg/hm that corn, which routinely applies nitrogen,2, divide base manure, toy trumpet mouth phase top dressing and big bell mouth stage top dressing to apply three times, point
The other total amount of nitrogen 8/20,5/20,7/20 of Zhan.Corn phosphorus potash fertilizer is applied with base manure, respectively applies phosphorus (P2O5)75kg/hm2, potassium
(K2O)75kg/hm2, nitrogen used, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are respectively 46% urea, 14% general calcium and 50% potassium sulfate in test.Routine applies nitrogen
Specifically see Table 1 for details for mode.
1 corn field testing routine amount of nitrogen of table
1.3 numbers of repetition: 3 times, totally 12 processing.
1.4 plot areas: 32.5m2(5m×6.5m)
1.5 spacing in the rows: 25cm, line-spacing: 50cm
1.6 protection rows: the distance of 1m wide is reserved at each cell boundary as ridge, trial zone surrounding is arranged 2m and protects
Row.
2.1 field management: it entire corn growth season intertilled, earthed up, weeding, the field management such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.In
On May 11st, 2015 seeding corn, using dig reservoir seeding method, and base manure mixed with pool soil after applied with crop sowing
Enter.Corn toy trumpet mouth phase top dressing on June 24 (the 1st time), corn big bell mouth stage top dressing on July 17 (the 2nd time), dressing time
Avoid rainy weather as far as possible, and using fertilizer to by the way of being watered and pouring and apply.October 6 harvesting corn, during entire maize growth
214d is up to when observing altogether.
The acquisition of 3.1 Plant samples and determination of yield
Intermediate 2 rows are taken to carry out survey production in the corn maturity period.Meanwhile 5 plants of representative plant are taken out in each processing respectively
Sample, corn are divided into root, cauline leaf, 3 part of seed.In 105 DEG C of water-removing 30min, 65~70 DEG C drying to constant weight, weighs and calculates
Water content is converted into per hectare crop yield, biomass.The plant sample of drying is crushed, is sieved, dense H is used2SO4
Nitrogen content in resolution-Micro-kjoldahl method measurement plant.
The acquisition of 3.2 soil samples and measurement
Earth boring auger is used to acquire topsoil (0~20cm) every other week in Crop growing stage, in case of fertilising and rainfall etc. are special
Different situation increases the sampling frequency, and acquisition sample is stored in 4 DEG C of refrigerators immediately, takes out when measurement.Fresh soil 12g is accurately weighed,
The KCl solution that 50mL concentration is 1mol/L is added, is filtered after 180r/min concussion 1h spare.Filtrate Continuous Flow Analysis instrument
(Bran LuebbeAA3, Germany) directly measures soil NO3-- N and NH4+N content.Take filtrate 5mL in 50mL volumetric flask
In, oxidant is added and aoxidizes 30min in 121~123 DEG C of pressure cookers, uses Flow Analyzer measurement dissolubility after cooling constant volume
Full nitrogen (TDN).The filtrate that 5mL crosses 0.45 μm of organic filter membrane is absorbed, measures dissolved organic carbon using potassium permanganate-Outside Heating Method
(DOC).PH is measured using pH meter soil ratio 2.5:1.Mass water content of soil is measured with oven drying method.Soluble organic nitrogen (DON)
=dissolubility total nitrogen content (TDN)-nitrate nitrogen content-ammonium nitrogen content.
3.3 gas collectings and measurement
Using static chamber-gas chromatography to soil N2O discharge amount carries out in-situ observation.Sampling box is by top case and pedestal two
Part is composed, and tank material is 6mm thickness PVC board.Static chamber specification is 40cm × 40cm × 40cm, is furnished in case and stirs
Mix the small fan and thermometer of air, it is ensured that institute's gas production body is uniformly representative, and measured temperature is for calculating N2O emission flux.
Entire corn growth season (214d) gaseous sample is acquired every other week, meet fertilising or rainfall increases the sampling frequency, when sampling
Between be arranged in 9:00~11:00.When sampling, the water (water is added to play sealing function) of 2~3cm, lid are added in base groove
Upper top case.It is sampled using 25mL Three-way injector respectively at 0,15,30min.Sampling simultaneously, is measured using soil thermometer
Soil 15cm temperature measures soil volumetric water content using soil nmoisture content analyser.N2O concentration uses Agilent gas chromatograph
Measurement.
Embodiment two: nonoculture potato
1.1 Potato Cultivars: Huize 2
Field plot trial uses cropping pattern for main process task, and amount of nitrogen is the RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN of vice processing.
1.2 nitrogen amount applieds:, not applying nitrogen (N0) by 4, and 1/2 routine applies nitrogen (N1), routinely applies nitrogen (N2), and 3/2 routine applies nitrogen
(N3), i.e., it is 125kg/hm that potato, which routinely applies nitrogen,2, apply twice, base manure 60%, squaring period 40%.Potato applies phosphorus (P2O5)
75kg/hm2, potassium (K2O)125kg/hm2, phosphorus potash fertilizer applies in the form of base manure.Nitrogen used, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are respectively in test
46% urea, 14% general calcium and 50% potassium sulfate.Conventional Nitrogen application is specific, and see Table 2 for details.
Testing routine amount of nitrogen between 2 potato fields of table
1.3 numbers of repetition: 3 times, totally 12 processing.
1.4 plot areas: 32.5m2(5m×6.5m)
1.5 spacing in the rows: 35cm, line-spacing: 50cm
1.6 protection rows: the distance of 1m wide is reserved at each cell boundary as ridge, trial zone surrounding is arranged 2m and protects
Row.
2.1 field management: it entire potato growth season intertilled, earthed up, weeding, the field management such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
In sowing on April 5th, 2015 potato, using dig reservoir seeding method, and base manure mixed with pool soil after with crop sowing one
It rises and applies.Potato squaring period top dressing on June 7, dressing time avoid rainy weather as far as possible, and is applied using fertilizer to being watered to pour
Mode.August harvest potato on the 11st, up to 214d when being observed altogether during entire potato fertility.
The acquisition of 3.1 Plant samples and determination of yield
Intermediate 2 rows are taken to carry out survey production in the potato maturity period.Meanwhile 5 plants of representative plants are taken out in each processing respectively
Strain sample, potato are divided into stem tuber, 2 part of cauline leaf.In 105 DEG C of water-removing 30min, 65~70 DEG C drying to constant weight, weighs and counts
Water content is calculated, per hectare crop yield, biomass are converted into.The potato plant sample of drying is crushed, is sieved, use is dense
H2SO4Nitrogen content in resolution-Micro-kjoldahl method measurement plant.
The acquisition of 3.2 soil samples and measurement
Earth boring auger is used to acquire topsoil (0~20cm) every other week in Crop growing stage, in case of fertilising and rainfall etc. are special
Different situation increases the sampling frequency, and acquisition sample is stored in 4 DEG C of refrigerators immediately, takes out when measurement.Fresh soil 12g is accurately weighed,
The KCl solution that 50mL concentration is 1mol/L is added, is filtered after 180r/min concussion 1h spare.Filtrate Continuous Flow Analysis instrument
(Bran LuebbeAA3, Germany) directly measures soil NO3-- N and NH4+N content.Take filtrate 5mL in 50mL volumetric flask
In, oxidant is added and aoxidizes 30min in 121~123 DEG C of pressure cookers, uses Flow Analyzer measurement dissolubility after cooling constant volume
Full nitrogen (TDN).The filtrate that 5mL crosses 0.45 μm of organic filter membrane is absorbed, measures dissolved organic carbon using potassium permanganate-Outside Heating Method
(DOC).PH is measured using pH meter soil ratio 2.5:1.Mass water content of soil is measured with oven drying method.Soluble organic nitrogen (DON)
=dissolubility total nitrogen content (TDN)-nitrate nitrogen content-ammonium nitrogen content.
3.3 gas collectings and measurement
Using static chamber-gas chromatography to soil N2O discharge amount carries out in-situ observation.Sampling box is by top case and pedestal two
Part is composed, and tank material is 6mm thickness PVC board.Static chamber specification is 40cm × 40cm × 40cm, is furnished in case and stirs
Mix the small fan and thermometer of air, it is ensured that institute's gas production body is uniformly representative, and measured temperature is for calculating N2O emission flux.
In entire potato growth season (214d), a gaseous sample is acquired every other week, meet fertilising or rainfall increases the sampling frequency, sampling
Time is arranged in 9:00~11:00.When sampling, the water (water is added to play sealing function) of 2~3cm is added in base groove,
Cover top case.It is sampled using 25mL Three-way injector respectively at 0,15,30min.Sampling simultaneously, is measured using the soil moisture
Determine soil 15cm temperature, measures soil volumetric water content using soil nmoisture content analyser.N2O concentration uses Agilent gas-chromatography
Instrument measurement.
Embodiment three: make between corn potato
1.1 Potato Cultivars: it Huize 2, corn variety: seeks No. 7 single
Field plot trial uses cropping pattern for main process task, and amount of nitrogen is the RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN of vice processing.
1.2 nitrogen amount applieds:, not applying nitrogen (N0) by 4, and 1/2 routine applies nitrogen (N1), routinely applies nitrogen (N2), and 3/2 routine applies nitrogen
(N3), it is 125kg/hm that potato, which routinely applies nitrogen,2, apply twice, base manure 60%, squaring period 40%.Potato applies phosphorus (P2O5)
75kg/hm2, potassium (K2O)125kg/hm2, phosphorus potash fertilizer applies in the form of base manure.Nitrogen used, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are respectively in test
46% urea, 14% general calcium and 50% potassium sulfate.It is 250kg/hm that corn, which routinely applies nitrogen,2, divide base manure, toy trumpet mouth phase top dressing and
Big bell mouth stage top dressing applies three times, respectively the total amount of nitrogen 8/20,5/20,7/20 of Zhan.Corn phosphorus potash fertilizer is applied with base manure, point
Phosphorus (P Wei not applied2O5)75kg/hm2, potassium (K2O)75kg/hm2, nitrogen used, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are respectively 46% urea, 14% in test
General calcium and 50% potassium sulfate.Conventional Nitrogen application is specific, and see Table 3 for details.
Testing routine amount of nitrogen between 3 corn of table and potato fields
1.3 numbers of repetition: 3 times, totally 12 processing.
1.4 plot areas: 32.5m2(5m×6.5m)
1.5 spacing in the rows: potato 35cm, corn 25cm, line-spacing: 50cm
1.6 protection rows: the distance of 1m wide is reserved at each cell boundary as ridge, trial zone surrounding is arranged 2m and protects
Row.
2.1 field management: entire corn potato growth season, the field management such as intertillage, ridging, weeding, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Separate room is consistent as different disposal.On April 5th, 2015 and sowing potato on May 11 and corn, it is all made of dig reservoir sowing
Mode, and base manure mixed with pool soil after with crop sowing apply.Potato squaring period top dressing on June 7, June 24
Corn toy trumpet mouth phase top dressing (the 1st time), corn big bell mouth stage top dressing on July 17 (the 2nd time), dressing time avoids yin as far as possible
Rainy day gas, and fertilizer is all made of to being watered the mode poured and applied.August harvest potato on the 11st, October 6, harvesting corn, entire beautiful
Up to 214d when being observed altogether during rice potato fertility.
The acquisition of 3.1 Plant samples and determination of yield
Intermediate 2 rows are taken to carry out survey production in corn and potato maturity period.Meanwhile each processing takes out 5 plants with representative respectively
The Plant samples of property, corn are divided into root, cauline leaf, 3 part of seed, and potato is divided into stem tuber, 2 part of cauline leaf.It finishes at 105 DEG C
30min, 65~70 DEG C drying to constant weight, weighs and calculates water content, is converted into per hectare crop yield, biomass.It will drying
Corn potato plant sample crushed, be sieved, use dense H2SO4Nitrogen in resolution-Micro-kjoldahl method measurement plant
Content.
The acquisition of 3.2 soil samples and measurement
Earth boring auger is used to acquire topsoil (0~20cm) every other week in Crop growing stage, in case of fertilising and rainfall etc. are special
Different situation increases the sampling frequency, and acquisition sample is stored in 4 DEG C of refrigerators immediately, takes out when measurement.Fresh soil 12g is accurately weighed,
The KCl solution that 50mL concentration is 1mol/L is added, is filtered after 180r/min concussion 1h spare.Filtrate Continuous Flow Analysis instrument
(Bran LuebbeAA3, Germany) directly measures soil NO3-- N and NH4+N content.Take filtrate 5mL in 50mL volumetric flask
In, oxidant is added and aoxidizes 30min in 121~123 DEG C of pressure cookers, uses Flow Analyzer measurement dissolubility after cooling constant volume
Full nitrogen (TDN).The filtrate that 5mL crosses 0.45 μm of organic filter membrane is absorbed, measures dissolved organic carbon using potassium permanganate-Outside Heating Method
(DOC).PH is measured using pH meter soil ratio 2.5:1.Mass water content of soil is measured with oven drying method.Soluble organic nitrogen (DON)
=dissolubility total nitrogen content (TDN)-nitrate nitrogen content-ammonium nitrogen content.
3.3 gas collectings and measurement
Using static chamber-gas chromatography to soil N2O discharge amount carries out in-situ observation.Sampling box is by top case and pedestal two
Part is composed, and tank material is 6mm thickness PVC board.Static chamber specification is 40cm × 40cm × 40cm, is furnished in case and stirs
Mix the small fan and thermometer of air, it is ensured that institute's gas production body is uniformly representative, and measured temperature is for calculating N2O emission flux.
Entire corn and potato growth season (214d), a gaseous sample is acquired every other week, meet fertilising or rainfall increases sampling frequency
Secondary, the sampling time is arranged in 9:00~11:00.When sampling, the water that 2~3cm is added in base groove (adds water to play sealing
Effect), cover top case.It is sampled using 25mL Three-way injector respectively at 0,15,30min.Sampling simultaneously, uses soil temperature
Degree meter measurement soil 15cm temperature, measures soil volumetric water content using soil nmoisture content analyser.N2O concentration uses Agilent gas
Chromatography measurement.
Data processing and analysis in embodiment one, embodiment two and embodiment three
1. relevant calculation formula
Land Equivalent Ratio (LER)=(Yim/Ymm)+(Yip/Ymp).In formula, YimAnd YipRespectively represent maize intercropping and work
The yield of potato, YmmAnd YmpRespectively represent the yield of sole maize and nonoculture potato, when LER > 1 is Intercropping advantage, LER
Make disadvantage between being when < 1.
Soil N2O emission flux calculation formula are as follows:
ρ × Dc/Dt × 273/ F=(273+T) × V/A
In formula, F is emission flux (the μ gN of tested gas2O-N/m2/h)；ρ is that gas concentration (μ g/ is tested under standard state
m3)；Dc/Dt is the variable quantity (μ g/h) for being tested gas concentration in the unit time in sampling cabinet；The temperature inside the box when T is sampling
(℃)；V is sampling box volume (m3), A is sampling box floor space (m2)。
2. data processing
The preliminary treatment and analysis that data are carried out using excel 2010,17.0 software of SPSS, using Duncan and LSD
It carries out handling a significance test of difference.ABT analysis is handled with " gbmplus " program bag in R language.
3. result and analysis
3.1 yield
Fertilising promotes crop yield to have become common recognition, opposes and rationally to control nitrogen, volume increase and emission reduction and be of great significance.It applies
Nitrogen and make to corn potato yield research shows that.
As shown in table 4, in corn, the range of different nitrogen amount applied corn yields is in 4.48~12.43t/hm2Between,
Reach maximum in N2, N3 processing, increases with nitrogen amount applied, corn yield first increases to tend towards stability afterwards.It applies nitrogen and dramatically increases corn
2.72t/hm is increased production in yield, less Nitrogen applications, sole maize N1, N2, N3 processing respectively2、6.99t/hm2And 7.95t/hm2,
Maize intercropping increases production 3.53t/hm respectively2、6.30t/hm2And 6.12t/hm2。
As shown in table 4, in potato, different Nitrogen applications potato yields are in 1.52~3.19t/hm2Between, nitrogenous fertilizer
Application significantly affects potato yield.N1, N2, N3 processing less Nitrogen applications nonoculture potato yield increases separately 86.0%,
93.1% and 95.6%, 107.3%, 83.4% and 84.2% is increased separately as potato yield.
Under the different nitrogen amount applieds of table 4, work increases crop yield relative to nonoculture
As shown in figure 3, MM represents sole maize (monoculture maize), MP represents nonoculture potato
(monoculture potato)；IM represents maize intercropping (intercropping maize)；IP makees potato between representing
(intercropping potato) in different nitrogen amount applieds, maize intercropping potato is relative to sole maize and nonoculture potato
There are the potentiality for increasing yield.It is horizontal in N0 and N1, dramatically increase corn yield, amplification 22% and 25% (p < 0.05),
Its nitrogen amount applied, the difference that work increases production, increases biomass is not significant.
3.2 making yield heterosis
Make that there is apparent Intercropping advantage between corn potato.From fig. 4, it can be seen that between different disposal between corn potato
Make yield Land Equivalent Ratio between 0.94~1.19, average out to 1.06 makees yield Land Equivalent Ratio as amount of nitrogen increases
First increase reduces afterwards, reaches maximum in N1 level.Further analysis shows that making to exist in terms of yield between corn potato obvious
Intercropping advantage, be to make Yield-increasing Models between one more satisfactory.But with the increase of amount of nitrogen, Intercropping advantage gradually weakens.
It may be to imply that the performance of Intercropping advantage should be controlled appropriate for nitrogen by causing the underproduction to be arrived in the morbidity of high nitrogen level crop
Under the conditions of, excessively applying nitrogen not only weakens Intercropping advantage, while causing the excess waste of nitrogen, permeates the ground or be discharged into atmosphere
In, it threatens to environment.
Make soil N between 3.3 sole maizes and corn potato2O discharge comparison
Specific yield N2O accumulates discharge amount (yield-scaledN2O emission) refer to nitrogen brought by production 1kg grain
Element is with N2The loss amount of O form.Accumulate N2O emission flux refers to unit area soil N in the observation phase2O accumulation discharge intensity.
As shown in table 5 and Fig. 5, under different nitrogen amount applieds, work reduces agricultural land soil greenhouse gases N relative to nonoculture2O row
Figure is put, in corn, different Nitrogen applications accumulate N2O emission flux is in 0.53~2.59kg/hm2Between, it applies nitrogen and dramatically increases jade
Rice Growing season accumulates soil N2O emission flux.Less Nitrogen applications, N1, N2, N3 processing increased separately in nonoculture 1.1 times,
2.3 times, 3.9 times have increased separately 1.2 times, 3.0 times and 4.5 times in work.Although applying nitrogen dramatically increases corn N2O accumulation
Emission flux, but 4 processing show between make significant emission reduction effect, 29.7%, 26.4%, 14.0% and of emission reduction respectively
21.0%.
Make soil N between 3.4 nonoculture potatos and corn potato2O discharge comparison
As shown in table 5 and Fig. 5, under different nitrogen amount applieds, work reduces agricultural land soil greenhouse gases N relative to nonoculture2O row
It puts, in potato, different Nitrogen applications accumulate N2O emission flux is in 0.40~3.30kg/hm2Between, it applies nitrogen and dramatically increases horse
Bell potato Growing season accumulates soil N2O emission flux.Less Nitrogen applications, N1, N2 and N3 processing have increased separately 1.3 in nonoculture
Again, 3.4 times and 5.7 times.1.4 times, 2.4 times and 3.7 times have been increased separately in work.Make potato in different Nitrogen applications separate rooms
Accumulation emission flux shows as MP-N3 > MP-N2 > IP-N3 > IP-N2 > MP-N1 > IP-N1 > MP-N0 > IP-N0, makees potato
With significant accumulation N2O emission flux emission reduction effect.It is mainly manifested in N2 and N3 nitrogen amount applied, distinguishes emission reduction compared with nonoculture
38.2% and 42.7%.
Under the different nitrogen amount applieds of table 5, work reduces soil N relative to nonoculture2O discharge
4. summarizing and analyzing
Apply to corn and potato the interactive analysis of nitrogen and cropping pattern, finds nitrogen amount applied, cropping pattern
N is accumulated with the extremely significant influence corn of reciprocation for applying nitrogen and cropping pattern and potato2O emission flux.
Intercropping mode is to corn potato N under different nitrogen amount applieds2O discharge and specific yield N2The relationship of O accumulation discharge amount
See Fig. 6.Regression analysis is shown, as the amount of applying increases, corn and potato breeding time N2O accumulates discharge amount and increases in extremely significant index
Add (MM:y=0.5818e0.0042x, R2=0.98, p < 0.01；IM:y=0.4155e0.0046x, R2=0.97, p < 0.01；MP:y
=0.5467e0.0102x, R2=0.98, p < 0.01；IP:y=0.4677e0.008x, R2=0.94, p < 0.01).
In corn, although nonoculture and maize intercropping N2O is discharged with nitrogen application exponential increasing, but maize intercropping N2O's
Rate of discharge is much smaller than nonoculture, can calculate from the exponential relationship of the two and increase with amount of nitrogen, sole maize N2O is discharged to be more than
Between make nearly 31.6% mass rate of emission be incremented by.
In potato, potato N is made in low nitrogen level separate room2O discharge difference is smaller, increases with amount of nitrogen, nonoculture Ma Ling
Potato N2O emission index ascending rate is made between being significantly higher than, and can be seen that the coefficient of potato in nonoculture from the exponential relationship of the two
(0.5467) and item diameter coefficient (0.0102) be higher than between make (0.4677 and 0.0008), imply amount of nitrogen it is identical, nonoculture potato
N2O discharge is made between being higher than, and as amount of nitrogen increases, separate room is made potato soil K difference and gradually widened.
Regression analysis is shown, as the amount of applying increases, corn and potato per unit area yield N2O accumulation discharge amount is passed in extremely significant index
Increase (MM:y=0.12e0.0014x, R2=0.88, p < 0.01；IM:y=0.0671e0.0026x, R2=1.00, p < 0.01；MP:y=
0.3034e0.0069x, R2=0.96, p < 0.01；IP:y=0.2403e0.0054x, R2=0.96, p < 0.01).
In corn, in low nitrogen level, sole maize per unit area yield N2O accumulation discharge amount is made between being significantly higher than, although in high nitrogen
Make still to have between processing and reduces per unit area yield N2The potentiality of O discharge, but increase with amount of nitrogen, per unit area yield N is made in separate room2O emission flux difference is not
Significantly.May be mainly by production restriction, when amount of nitrogen reaches crop yield maximum amount of nitrogen, crop yield is not further added by, very
To there is a decreasing trend, and separate room makees that volume variance is not significant, and not being absorbed by crops the nitrogenous fertilizer that utilizes more will in different forms
Nitrogen loss eventually leads to and increases with amount of nitrogen, and per unit area yield N is made in separate room2Tend to one both while O accumulation discharge amount dramatically increases
It causes.
In potato, potato per unit area yield N is made in low nitrogen level separate room2O accumulation discharge difference is smaller, increases with amount of nitrogen,
Per unit area yield accumulates N2The exponential increasing rate that O is emitted in nonoculture is made between being significantly higher than, the coefficient (0.3034) of potato in nonoculture
And the high work (0.2403 and 0.005) continuously of item diameter coefficient (0.00069), imply nonoculture potato per unit area yield N2O accumulation discharge amount exists
Make between being above under any nitrogen amount applied, and as amount of nitrogen increases, potato per unit area yield N is made in separate room2O accumulation discharge difference is gradually
It widens.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N2The cropping pattern of O discharge, which is characterized in that between being used as using corn and potato
Crop, every 2 row corn and 2 row potatos make assemblage zone between forming one, make in assemblage zone between each, with corn or potato
For initial row, 2 row corns and 2 row potatos are arranged successively, and the line-spacing of every row is 50 centimetres.
2. a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N according to claim 12The cropping pattern of O discharge, which is characterized in that described
The spacing in the rows 25cm of corn.
3. a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N according to claim 22The cropping pattern of O discharge, which is characterized in that described
The spacing in the rows 35cm of potato.
4. a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N according to claim 12The cropping pattern of O discharge, which is characterized in that described
Potato is sowed March, needs to carry out disinfection to potato seed before sowing.
5. a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N according to claim 42The cropping pattern of O discharge, which is characterized in that described
Corn is sowed May, needs to urge it tooth nursery before sowing.
6. a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N according to claim 12The cropping pattern of O discharge, which is characterized in that described
Corn variety is to seek list 7.
7. a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N according to claim 62The cropping pattern of O discharge, which is characterized in that described
Potato Cultivars are Huize 2.
8. -7 any a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N according to claim 12The cropping pattern of O discharge, feature exist
Be all made of dig reservoir seeding method in, the corn and potato, and base manure mixed with pool soil after applied with crop sowing
Enter, soil types is red soil, the content of organic matter 25.06g/kg, full nitrogen 1.11g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 87.37mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus
23.31mg/kg, available potassium 207.82mg/kg, pH6.79.
9. a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N according to claim 82The cropping pattern of O discharge, which is characterized in that described
Potato carries out top dressing in bud stage.
10. a kind of reduction Soil Trace Gases N according to claim 92The cropping pattern of O discharge, which is characterized in that institute
It is primary in toy trumpet mouth phase and each top dressing of big bell mouth stage to state corn.
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