CN108337951A

CN108337951A - A method of reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount

Info

Publication number: CN108337951A
Application number: CN201810181132.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 安曈昕; 吴伯志; 李元; 龚爱民; 王福来; 殷洁; 李博; 湛方栋; 杨友琼; 周锋
Original assignee: Yunnan Agricultural University
Current assignee: Yunnan Agricultural University
Priority date: 2018-03-06
Filing date: 2018-03-06
Publication date: 2018-07-31

Abstract

The invention belongs to agriculture Treatment process fields, disclose a kind of crop-planting method reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount, sloping upland soil erosion and nitrogen loss can be reduced using inoculation AMF is made between corn potato, crop yield is improved, increases economic benefit；Be inoculated with the run-off of AMF reduces 53% than the runoff volume of antibacterial processing, and inoculation AMF processing soil erosion total amounts reduce 89% than antibacterial processing.It is inoculated with AMF total nitrogens number of dropouts and reduces 67% than corn intercrop potato (prior art), 81% is reduced than antibacterial processing；It is inoculated with the potato actual production highest of AMF processing, the potato yield than not being inoculated with AMF processing (prior art) increases by 18%, than antibacterial processing potato yield volume increase 22%；Increase by 20% than antibacterial processing.The economic gross output value that the present invention is inoculated with AMF processing is higher by 4% than antibacterial processing.

Description

A method of reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount

Technical field

The invention belongs to agriculture Treatment process field more particularly to a kind of reduction sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amounts Method.

Background technology

Mainly based on sloping upland, sloping upland is the most important soil money of China plateau mountain farming for mountain farming production Source.The loss and non-point pollution of sloping upland water and soil resources constantly aggravate, and farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss has become agricultural non -point pollution And the main reason for body eutrophication.Nitrogen is one of most important constituent of plant, in the physiological metabolism and life of plant It plays an important role in length.It is to promote plant growth to apply nitrogen, improves the important measures of crop yield.Soil Nitrogen in farmland ecosystem Water environment pollution has been widely recognized caused by element is lost in.The key factor of soil nitrogen loss is caused to be (to improve slope Arable land nitrogen utilization efficiency and mitigation nitrogen loss are the insurmountable problems of prior art corn intercrop potato):Soil-plant The nitrogen utilized is not absorbed by crops in object system and increases nitrogen Dissipation Strength of the soil to hydrosphere.

Sloping upland water and soil and nitrogen loss feature

Soil erosion refers to the destruction of water and soil resources and fertility under the effect of the exogenic forces such as waterpower, gravity, wind-force And loss, including soil surface layer is corroded and water and soil loss, also known as water and soil loses^[8].Land resource is three big geological resource (mineral products One of resource, water resource, land resource), it is the most basic resource of human production activity and the subject of labour.Profit of the mankind to soil With the development of reflection human civilization, but the direct destruction of land resource is also resulted in, this is mainly shown as that unreasonable cultivation is drawn Soil erosion, desertification, Secondary Saline-alkalization of Land and the soil pollution etc. risen, wherein it is the most serious with soil erosion, be The another serious crisis that the world today faces.Serious soil erosion destroys balance of nature, cultivated area is made constantly to contract Small, soil fertility decline, soil is incoherent, and natural calamity aggravation, agriculture forest and husbandry output reduces.Morphologic prominence is uneven, steep Slope ditch is more, precipitation concentration, more heavy rains, the soil is porous for earth's surface, vegetation rareness etc., is the natural cause of soil erosion；The deforestation reclamation of wasteland, Abrupt slope is opened up wasteland along slope, overgrazes, blindly expands arable land, the denudation, destroys natural vegetation, development ＆ construction do not pay attention to taking water The economic activity that native Conservation measures etc. misbehave is the leading factor for causing soil erosion.Soil is crop nitrogen nutrition Main source, the nitrogen in soil are largely organic form, and only small part is inorganic forms.Organic nitrogen has to pass through mine Change acts on, and can just be converted into ammonium, be absorbed by crops utilization.Inorganic nitrogen includes being present in the nitrate anion of the soil liquid and being adsorbed on Ammonium ion on soil particle, crop can directly absorb.Soil is very weak to the absorption of nitrate anion, so nitrate anion is very easy to It outflows with water.Under conditions of reduction, nitrate anion can be reduced to gaseous nitrogen under the action of microorganism and escape soil, this is just It is denitrification denitrogenation.Part ammonium ion may be fixed by clay mineral and be difficult to be absorbed by crops, and be very easy in basic soil It is vapored away in the form of ammonia.In the building-up process of agron, a large amount of inorganic nitrogens are also utilized, since humus decomposes very Slowly, the validity of these nitrogens is very low.

Slope soil N loss by runoff shows as 2 kinds of forms：One, the nutrient loss being dissolved in runoff, this part are supported Divide mainly available nutrient；Second is that being adsorbed on the inorganic matter on sedimentary particle surface, and it is present in the organic matter of nutriment, this Part nutrient is mostly the nutrient for capableing of mineralising^[10].Rainfall and runoff are the driving forces of soil nitrogen loss.Soil is rainfall and diameter The interface of stream effect, Soil Nitrogen, rainfall and the interaction of runoff are the key that soil nitrogen loss.Studies have shown that hillside fields is native Earth nitrogen mainly enters water body by runoff, accounts for the 93.4%~81.9% of total losses.Under condition of raining, rainfall intensity is less than Soil infiltration rate, Soil Nitrogen especially nitrate nitrogen deposit in deep soil；When the soil erosion, the infiltration of soil nitrate-N It is migrated downward into the soil profile of saturated flow there is no stopping.And after rainfall disappears, these nitrate nitrogens infiltrated It is diffused in soil profile, mass flow, a part of nitrate nitrogen is absorbed and utilized as crop root extends by root system, a part of nitre state N leaching is to the unavailable depth of crop, polluted underground water source.When rainfall intensity is more than soil infiltration rate, diameter will produce Stream gradually forms rainwash erosion and gully erosion.Runoff is formed, collects and is transmitted in slope surface, one side and topsoil It has an effect, be mainly shown as extraction and rinse two ways, in this manner, soil water-storage is because the extraction of runoff is to diameter Stream diffusion, the ammonium nitrogen of soil particle adsorption are desorbed because of the flushing action of runoff.On the other hand, with the shape of runoff At under runoff souring, some soil particles carry outflow slope surface by runoff, in this fashion, with soil particle knot The nitrogen of conjunction is mainly that organic nitrogen is lost in because of erosion.In the interaction process of soil nitrogen and runoff, soil anti-impact Property and corrosion stability the strong and weak number for determining soil nitrogen loss amount^[12].Different hydrological characteristics, vegetal cover degree, landform slope There is larger impact to hillside fields nitrogen loss in degree and situation of fertilization.

Intercropping System water and soil conservation soil nitrogen research on utilization

Between make to refer on same field in same growth period, branch or point with two or more work of alternate plantation The planting patterns of object.Crop interplanting system can increase ground mulching area, effectively prevent impact of the rainwater to ground, slow down diameter Stream, Littoral Barrier reduce nutriment loss.Research shows that corn intercrop vegetable and herbage can effectively mitigate sloping upland water and soil stream It loses, in high-intensity rainfall, the soil and water conservation effect made is more obvious.Wheat yield can promote the competition to inorganic nitrogen to inhale It receives, it is possible to reduce the residual of nitrogen makees the fixation that can increase N between legume, reduces the nitrogen competition between crop, maintains soil Earth improves the utilization rate etc. of deep soil nitrogen compared with high-nitrate state nitrogen concentration.However Wheat yield is main to efficiently using for soil nitrogen To make based on legume broad bean and soybean etc..

Pulse family-grass family intercropping mode has long history, it can utilize the symbiotic azotification of legume, simultaneously Gramineous crop can be promoted to improve the utilization ratio of nitrogen to the absorption of nitrogen.Make promotion crop between pulse family-gramineous crop The absorption of nitrogen advantageously reduces the nitrogen content of soil, reduces the risk of Sichuan.Broad bean-corn intercrop can The accumulation of soil nitrate-N is reduced, the residual of inorganic nitrogen in soil is reduced, reduces the leaching of soil nitrate-N, reduces farm environment The risk of polluted by nitrogen.Legume-corn intercrop can reduce the nitrate nitrogen content of soil horizon, reduce the leaching of nitrate nitrogen.No There is also different between same pulse family-grass family intercropping mode, the nitrogen that broad bean-corn intercrop absorbs is small more than broad bean- Wheat intercropping mode, lasting maize intercropping can reduce the accumulation of soil water-storage.Runoff in loess plateau hillside fields tests table Bright, alfalfa-corn intercropping mode is more advantageous to the loss of the nitrate nitrogen for reducing soil and ammonium nitrogen with runoff compared to corn nonoculture. Pappa etc. is Scottish studies have shown that making that compared to barley nonoculture nitrified nitrogen in soil can be reduced between legume-barley Leaching.

This ecological cultivation pattern of Intercropping System, can make full use of the natural resources, and improve land utilization efficiency, reduce disease The generation of insect pest.Pulse family-grass family intercropping mode can make full use of the symbiotic azotification of legume, increase pulse family biology Amount of nitrogen fixation, improve Nitrogen Absorption and utilization ratio, reduce the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in soil and reduce the wind of Total Nitrogen pollution Danger, is conducive to the protection of farmland ecological environment, is a kind of model of agriculture sustainable development.But also there are many sides needed to pay attention to Face, such as rational nitrogen amount applied and crop varieties collocation.

Effect of the arbuscular mycorrhiza in soil nitrogen utilization

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (Arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM) fungi is a kind of ancient, widely distributed fungus, can be with The root system of plant of 80% or more land establishes symbiosis.In the syntaxial system, the carbon hydrate of photosynthesis of plant synthesis After object is transported to root, mycelia (Intraradicalmycelium, IRM) can partially absorb and be synthesized lipid in root, It reruns to mycelia outside root (Extra radical mycelium, ERM), for the growth and breeding of AMF^[34].AM mycorhiza can promote Plant growth improves quality, the transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks of plant, enhances the disease resistance of plant and resists to arid, cold, saline and alkaline Property, plant is improved to the patience of heavy metal, is had huge potential utility value in agriculture field, is caused the extensive pass of scholar Note.Studies have shown that AM mycorhiza can improve absorption efficiency of the crop to soil nutrient (such as P, N, Zn), promote plant life It is long.AMF is absorbed at present, more research has been done in utilization and operating P, the fungi from the molecular basis of soil absorption P and Remarkable progress has been made in terms of gene regulation, it was demonstrated that after arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) infects plant, host can be promoted to soil mine Activating soil phosphorus is played the role of in the absorption of prime element especially phosphorus element, and can improve soil texture, reduce soil and nutrient flow It loses.In addition, different shape N (such as NH that AMF can also will be absorbed from soil₄ ⁺、NO₃, amino acid etc.) be shipped to plant^[40], Promote plant to NH₄ ⁺、NO₃With the absorption of amino acid various forms nitrogen, mycelia absorbs and transmits the ability of N elements because of strain and N Plain form and it is different.Inoculation AMF can increase plant leaded wastewater, improve the N element nutrition of plant, improve biological yield.Research shows that inoculation AM fungies rub two sacculus mould (Glomus mosseae) and sacculus mould (Glomus intraradices) can promote plant to soil The absorption of nitrogen and the leaching loss for reducing nitrogen.Nitrogen contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhiza on soil type is different, but jade can be improved Validity of the rice to Nitrogen Absorption.AMF is inoculated under seed plate and field condition can infect potato root, and increase potato Yield.

In recent years, AMF promotes crop N to absorb, utilization and operating gradually become researcher's focus of attention.There is research table Bright, AMF is to NH4⁺Assimilation be absorb N major way, NH₄ ⁺It is directly absorbed and is assimilated into nitrogen center generation with active transport Thank approach, NO3^ˉNH must be first reduced to after being actively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into intracellular₄ ⁺It can just assimilate.Some are research shows that arbuscular mycorrhiza is total Raw body can absorb, assimilate inorganic nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen) and be transmitted to host plant, while accelerate mineral state in soil The consumption of nitrogen.Due to root system of plant and arbuscular mycorrhiza mycelia symbiosis in these trials, nitrogen in plant body cannot distinguish between Increase be direct absorption due to arbuscular mycorrhiza mycelia, or cause host plant root since arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi infects Be growth alteration and caused by absorb indirectly.With air baffle locellus method (formation of partition board gas-bearing formation can prevent nitrogen with mass flow, Transfer of the mode of diffusion from mycelia room to root room), under conditions of excluding nitrogen by the approach movement such as mass flow and diffusion, grind Study carefully absorption of the outer mycelia of arbuscular mycorrhiza root to nitrogen.The result shows that nitrogen is mainly from leguminous plant to non-leguminous plant Transfer^[48].But in Wheat yield, not yet apply that the effect of nitrogen translocation is ground between non-leguminous plant in AMF in relation to technology Study carefully, in relation to there is no enough test basis to illustrate.

Different types of AMF differs to the absorption efficiency performance of nitrogen.The discoveries such as Frey are inoculated with 3 kinds AMFG.intraradices, G.Margarita and Acaulospora laevis can significantly improve plant shoot nitrogen and contain Amount, but the first two strain reaches significant difference with the latter.This may be the AMF physiological characters due to different genera there are difference, The outer mycelia of root has different dip dyeing strategies in the soil^[50].Currently, most of to the absorption of nitrogen about different AM mycorhiza types It is only limitted to Paraglomus, the mould AM mycorhiza of non-sacculus has been paid close attention in less research.Numerous studies show AM mycorhiza have have from complexity The ability of nitrogen is absorbed in machine nitrogen.Aristiz á bal etc. are in 3 kinds of plant Myrica Parvifolia, Myricapubescens With the distribution for being found that AM mycorhiza mycelia and vesicle in the degradation blade of Paepalanthus.The researchs such as Hodge find G.hoi's It is as many as 3 times of control that the outer mycelia of root, which can utilize complicated organic nitrogen source, the nitrogen that inoculated plant absorbs,.Leigh etc. is using equally Organic nitrogen source be material, it is found that the 20% of plant nitrogen absorbing amount comes from the outer mycelia of root to marking the absorption of nitrogen.Hodge etc. It was found that AM mycorhiza obtains the nitrogen of about one third from the organic nitrogen of degradation, and host is passed to by the 3% of its content Plant.

AM mycorhiza can also be by enhancing bacterium to inorganic nitrogen-sourced using accelerating organic nitrogen degradation, but changes bacterium The ability of group is limited.Compared with other soil nitrogen cyclic processes, fixed nitrogen process is a studied more process, Gu Nitrogen promotes the accumulation of nitrogen in soil in global range.Many researchs have shown that inoculation AMF can enhance legume nodule Nitrogen fixing capacity, the double inoculations of the two have synergistic function.It is generally acknowledged that P nutrition and rush of the inoculation AMF by improvement plant The nitrogen fixing capacity of plant is improved into absorption to trace copper, zinc etc..From the angle analysis of evolution, AM mycorhiza is rhizobium The ancestors of evolution, root nodule homobium are that ancient AM mycorrhizas homobiums develop.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is to nitrifying process Regulation and control mainly by with ammonia oxidation bacteria compete soil in using ammonium.AM mycorhiza also can by change root physiology form into And regulating and controlling ammoxidation process, inoculation AMF can promote the formation of host plant lateral root and can increase root long, be planted to improve host Utilization of the object to inorganic nitrogen reduces the available concentration of substrate of ammonia oxidation bacteria.Asghari and Cavagnaro discoveries, mycorrhizal fungi Contain lower nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen concentration in plant soil filter liquor, however inoculation AMF has been obviously promoted place in this experiment The growth of main plant.In addition, they also use potato mycorhiza mutant and wild type for vegetable material, wild type mycorhiza is found Plant significantly reduces the content of nitrate nitrogen in filter liquor, and the nitrate nitrogen content of wild type mycorrhizal plants upper soll layer, middle level Substantially less than mutant plants, these are the result shows that AM mycorhiza can significantly lower the inorganic nitrogen concentration in leached soil solutions.

The mechanism for regulating and controlling soil nitrogen lessivation about AM mycorhiza is as follows：One AM mycorhiza improves Hyphae links soil texture and increases The water holding capacity of soil is added；Two AM mycorhiza promote absorption of the host plant to inorganic nitrogen, reduce the inorganic nitrogen concentration in soil； The interaction of three AM mycorhiza and ammonia oxidation microbiological reduces ammonia oxidation bacteria abundance to reduce the inorganic nitrogen concentration in the soil liquid, The especially concentration of nitrate nitrogen^[65].The effect of AM mycorhiza underground mycelia network is just increasingly causing the concern of people.AMF infects place After main root system of plant, the outer extensive branch of mycelia medium to outside root of root extends to form fine and close mycelia net.Not due to most of AMF Have host preference and specificity, can be infected once again when mycelia touches other host plants outside root, to formed root system it Between Hyphal links.Hyphal links can form an intensive underground mycelia bridge network in the soil between numerous plants, to plant Between transmit nutriment important role, and kindred plant, not kindred plant can form underground mycelia network.AM bacterium Root underground mycelia network can also adjust NH₄ ⁺And NO₃Reallocation between plant is included in nitrogen-fixing plants and non-nitrogen-fixing plants Between and herbaceous plant and xylophyta between.

AM mycorhiza can influence each process of soil nitrogen cycle from many aspects, thus be circulated throughout in regulation and control soil nitrogen It is played an important role in journey.

Wheat yield is inoculated with AMF research purposes and meaning

Wheat yield is that one kind makes full use of the natural resources (light, heat, water, nutrient), improves land utilization ratio, effectively reduces The ecologic planting pattern of disease pest and weed.Underground part crop rhizosphere microenvironment and microorganism and overground part crop yield in Intercropping System It is in close relations.Document report in relation to nitrogen related soil microbiologic population is also less.Overground part Crop diversity and underground part Bio-diversity is closely connected there are indivisible, and crop rhizosphere soils microbiologic population is in soil nitrogen cycle and crop nitrogen Element absorption etc. has played important function, reinforces the research of the related fields such as rhizosphere microorganisms of crops structure of community variation, has Conducive to the mechanism of Intercropping advantage generation is more fully understood from, the stable yields volume increase of grain is realized^[33].Wheat yield is to soil nitrogen It efficiently uses mainly to make based on legume broad bean and soybean etc., Wheat yield is to sloping upland Nitrogen Absorption, leaching loss and stream Mistake act on and its it is not yet clear.Nitrogen contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhiza on soil type is different, but corn can be improved to nitrogen The validity that element absorbs.

However, influence, which is absorbed and utilized, for Wheat yield soil erosion control and N elements in AM mycorhiza studies still few, AM mycorhiza pair The sloping upland corn potato Wheat yield Nitrogen utility effect of plateau mountain area and its even more rare report.

Nitrogen is mainly shifted from leguminous plant to non-leguminous plant.But in Wheat yield, related technology is not yet applied In the Effect study of AMF nitrogen translocations between non-leguminous plant, in relation to there is no enough test basis to illustrate.Corn intercrop horse Bell potato is the typical cropping pattern in plateau mountain area, only has nearly 20% to belong to and jade in 10,000,000 mu of Yunnan Province potato production area Rice spacing sleeve cropping.

Sloping upland corn intercrop potato seed implant model is a kind of soil and water conservation tillage measures confirmed in research work, is asked Topic is Wheat yield mountain area sloping upland soil nitrogen using the effect with holding, and inoculation AMF is to the system soil nitrogen Absorption efficiency effect do not know；

Prior art corn intercrop potato technology only focuses on the reduction of soil erosion, without reference to Nitrogen utility and nitrogen It is lost in the problem of reducing.

In conclusion problem of the existing technology is：

Raising sloping upland nitrogen utilization efficiency and mitigation nitrogen loss, which are prior art corn intercrop potatos, to be solved The problem of:Prior art corn intercrop potato can only mitigate soil erosion to a certain degree by compound population.It cannot promote Jian Zuo groups nitrogen efficiently using, improve crop growth, be further reduced water and soil and the loss of nitrogen.

The defect of the prior art is also embodied in：Nobody carries out AMF inoculations to corn intercrop potato, also without being directed to nitrogen Element utilizes and sloping upland water and soil and nitrogen loss are studied, also sloping upland corn intercrop potato be also I before for the first time The content of research.

The prior art only sloping upland to corn potato into the ranks make consider its soil and water conservation effect, fail to how Improve crop growth, improve nitrogen utilization efficiency, being further reduced water and soil, in particular how nitrogen loss is studied.

The prior art is serious for Red Soil Sloping Land water and soil and nitrogen loss, nitrogen utilization efficiency is low and pollution of waterhead does not have seriously It is provided with a kind of effective resolution.

Invention content

In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of reduction sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amounts Method.AMF of the present invention plays the role of promoting crop nitrogen to absorb and the present invention being utilized to select woods fruit sloping upland, passes through corn horse It is inoculated with AMF under bell potato Intercropping and preferably reduces water and soil and nutrient flow vector, improves soil nitrogen utilization ratio, further increases Add crop yield benefit.For sloping upland agricultural environment resource sustainable utilization and protection provide new technological approaches and it is theoretical according to According to.

The present invention promoted by being inoculated with AMF fungies the raising of nitrogen utilization efficiency, improve crop growth situation, by subtract Few water and soil and nitrogen loss.

The present invention is conducive to structural reform crop to nitrogen in sloping upland by carrying out AMF inoculations to corn intercrop potato Utilization ratio improves crop growth, is further reduced soil erosion and nitrogen pollution of area source, this inter-species makees or inoculation The utilization of AMF methods belongs to the reduction of nitrogen loss to be studied for the first time.

The invention is realized in this way a method of reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount, the reduction The method of sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount uses agriculture tree-grass complex tillage system reform, carries out potato and corn intercrop； Inoculation AMF bacterium are carried out to sloping upland soil simultaneously.

A kind of Pseudomonas fungi intrinsic in soil increases the usage amount of fungi, bacterium by artificial means in research Kind comes from Inst. of Plant Nutrition ＆. Resource, Beijing City Academy of Agricultural ＆. Fo.

Further, the method for the reduction sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount includes：

Using strip cropping, bandwidth 0.4m, often with 2 row of seeding corn, line space 0.40m, spacing in the rows 0.20m；Ma Ling Potato is 2 rows, line space 0.40m, spacing in the rows 0.40m；

The potato sowing time is April 12, and the corn seeding time is May 18；Radix heap 60kg/hm before sowing², General calcium 220kg/hm², potash fertilizer 42kg/hm²；Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea；And in Nitrogen Top Dressing 200kg/hm in June²；In each crop-planting Inoculation AMF bacterium are carried out to soil.

The benomyl that 25g volume fractions are 50% is dissolved in the water of 20L and is used as antibacterial processing, control plus equivalent clear water, Processing in every 15 days is primary；

Weeding is carried out to cell during plant growth；

Soil sampling analyzes soil root system before plantation and after harvest；

Weather data analysis：A hydrocone type rain recorder is installed experimental field other；The meteorological daily rainfall of analysis record, drop Rain number index；

Run-off and soil erosion amount：During plant growth, after one rainfall event generates runoff, measured with graduated cylinder each small Run-off in area's water storage barrel；After one rainfall event generates runoff, catchmenting in water storage barrel is fully stirred evenly, divides upper, middle and lower-ranking total Water sampling 250ml filters silt loaded in vial, weighs after being dried 24 hours in the baking oven that temperature is 105 DEG C, and each Cell run-off converts to obtain the soil erosion amount of one rainfall event generation；

Soil nitrogen loss amount：Measure when one rainfall event generates runoff and sample, by dust-collecting bucket water and silt stir it is equal It is even, middle section water sample is taken, acquires 1L water samples every time；Refrigerator cold-storage preservation is put after sampling, completes to measure in 7 days；Using over cure Sour potassium oxidation-Water by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry sample total nitrogen content；Using Water by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry sample nitrate nitrogen content； Water sample ammonium nitrogen content is measured using reagent colorimetric method；

Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence and robe density：Root sample in standard fixer is taken out, is cleaned, with bent sharp benzene indigo plant dyeing, meter Calculate infection rate；10g wind desiceted soils are respectively taken, is sieved with wet screening decantation and takes AMF spores, lattice counts under anatomical lens, statistics spore sum； Using the spore count in every g dry ground as spore density；

The measurement of corn and potato：Practical survey is carried out when harvest corn to produce, and is weighed and is removed bract fringe fresh weight and stem per cell Leaf fresh weight, the sampling fresh fringe of strain survey its seed-producing rate, convert the actual production per cell；

Potato fresh weight is measured, actual production is calculated；

During corn growth, 8 plants of sample strains are chosen per cell, the stem thickness plant height for measuring corn every 15 days and blade face Product；8 plants of potato sample strains are chosen per cell simultaneously measures plant height.

Further, gained test data is calculated with Excel2007 and SPSS18.0 computer application softwares, is whole Reason, statistical analysis and data processing.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of such as above-mentioned reduction sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount The sloping upland area of method.

Advantages of the present invention and good effect are：

Raising sloping upland nitrogen utilization efficiency and mitigation nitrogen loss, which are prior art corn intercrop potatos, to be solved The problem of:

The present invention is inoculated with AMF in sloping upland using corn potato intercropping mode, and analysis crop compound population is inoculated with AMF Influence to sloping upland soil erosion, Nitrogen utility and economic benefit.The result shows that：

Make the run-off of inoculation AMF between corn potato reduces 53% than the runoff accumulation total amount of antibacterial processing；Inoculation AMF handles soil erosion total amount and reduces 89% than antibacterial processing.Inoculation AMF processing can be effectively reduced run-off and soil is invaded Erosion amount.

Make inoculation AMF total nitrogens number of dropouts between corn potato and reduces 67% than corn intercrop potato (prior art), than Antibacterial processing reduces 81%；Inoculation AMF ammonium nitrogens number of dropouts is smaller respectively than not being inoculated with AMF processing (prior art) and antibacterial processing 61% and 79%；Nitrate nitrogen number of dropouts reduces by 54% and 74% respectively.

The nitrogen concentration for being inoculated with AMF corn overground parts is higher respectively than not being inoculated with AMF processing (prior art) and antibacterial processing 0.2% and 30.8%；Inoculation AMF processing maize root system nitrogen concentrations are not than being inoculated with AMF processing (prior art) and antibacterial processing point Not high 3.2% and 23.9%；The potato nitrogen concentration of AMF processing is inoculated with than not being inoculated with AMF processing (prior art) and antibacterial place Reason difference high 2.2% and 2.4%.So inoculation AMF can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen.

Make inoculation AMF potato actual productions between corn potato and increase production 18% than not being inoculated with AMF processing (prior art), Than antibacterial processing potato volume increase 22%；The corn yield of AMF processing is inoculated with than antibacterial processing volume increase 20%.

So sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount can be effectively reduced by making inoculation AMF between corn potato, increases and make Object nitrogen concentration improves crop growth character, improves crop groups production benefit, is conducive to mountain area sloping upland water and soil and nitrogen nutrient The sustainable use and protection of equal environmental resources.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is reduction sloping upland water and soil provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the method flow diagram of soil nitrogen loss amount.

Fig. 2 is the relational graph between total nitrogen loss concentration and rainfall under different disposal provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the relational graph between ammonium nitrogen loss concentration and rainfall under different disposal provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is the relational graph between nitrate nitrogen loss concentration and rainfall under different disposal provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is corn stem thickness variation diagram under different disposal provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is corn change of height figure under different disposal provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index variation figure under different disposal provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is different disposal Potato change of height figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Specific implementation mode

In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to Limit the present invention.

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is further described the application principle of the present invention.

The method provided in an embodiment of the present invention for reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount, the reduction sloping upland The method of water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount uses agriculture tree-grass complex tillage system reform, carries out potato and corn intercrop；It is right simultaneously Sloping upland soil carries out inoculation AMF bacterium.

Such as Fig. 1, the method for reduction sloping upland water and soil provided in an embodiment of the present invention and soil nitrogen loss amount includes：

S101：Using strip cropping, bandwidth 0.4m, often with 2 row of seeding corn, line space 0.40m, spacing in the rows 0.20m； Potato is 2 rows, line space 0.40m, spacing in the rows 0.40m；The potato sowing time is April 12, and the corn seeding time is 5 The moon 18；Radix heap 60kg/hm before sowing², general calcium 220kg/hm², potash fertilizer 42kg/hm²；Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea；And it is chased after June Nitrogen fertilizer application 200kg/hm²；The benomyl that 25g volume fractions are 50% is dissolved in the water of 20L and is used as antibacterial processing, control adds etc. Clear water is measured, processing in every 15 days is primary；Weeding is carried out to cell during plant growth；

S102：Soil sampling analyzes soil root system before plantation and after harvest；

S103：Weather data analysis：A hydrocone type rain recorder is installed experimental field other；

S104：The meteorological daily rainfall of analysis record, rainfall number index；

S105：Run-off and soil erosion amount：During plant growth, after one rainfall event generates runoff, measured with graduated cylinder Run-off in each cell water storage barrel；After one rainfall event generates runoff, catchmenting in water storage barrel is fully stirred evenly, upper, middle and lower are divided Three layers of total water sampling 250ml filter silt loaded in vial, claim after being dried 24 hours in the baking oven that temperature is 105 DEG C Weight converts to obtain the soil erosion amount of one rainfall event generation with each cell run-off；

S106：Soil nitrogen loss amount：Measure one rainfall event generate runoff when sample, by dust-collecting bucket water and silt stir It mixes uniformly, takes middle section water sample, acquire 1L water samples every time；Refrigerator cold-storage preservation is put after sampling, completes to measure in 7 days；Using Peroxide potassium sulfate-ultraviolet spectrophotometry measures water sample total nitrogen content；Using Water by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry sample nitrate nitrogen Content；Water sample ammonium nitrogen content is measured using reagent colorimetric method；

S107：Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence and robe density：Root sample in standard fixer is taken out, is cleaned, with bent sharp benzene indigo plant dye Color calculates infection rate；10g wind desiceted soils are respectively taken, is sieved with wet screening decantation and takes AMF spores, lattice counts under anatomical lens, counts spore Sum；Using the spore count in every g dry ground as spore density；

S108：The measurement of corn and potato：Practical survey is carried out when harvest corn to produce, and is weighed and is removed bract fringe fresh weight per cell With cauline leaf fresh weight, the sampling fresh fringe of strain surveys its seed-producing rate, converts the actual production per cell；Potato fresh weight is measured, is calculated practical Yield；During corn growth, 8 plants of sample strains are chosen per cell, every the stem thickness plant height and leaf area that 15 days measure corn；Together When choose 8 plants of potato sample strains per cell and measure plant heights；

S109：Gained test data is calculated with Excel2007 and SPSS18.0 computer application softwares, is arranged, Statistical analysis and data processing.

With reference to materials and methods, the invention will be further described.

1. materials and methods

1.1 experimental field overviews

Experimental field it is located at Yunnan Province Kunming Guandu District's treasured as the river valley big slab bridge town villages great Dong Chong east, geographical location For：N25 ° 2 ', E102 ° 54 ', height above sea level 1959m.The soil texture is mountainous region chiltern red soil, and physiochemical properties of soil is shown in Table 1.Examination It is 10 ° to test the ground gradient, sets 6 cells, 10 × 2.5 (25m of plot area altogether²).It is equipped with a volume about in each cell bottom For 1m³The concrete retention reservoir of (1m × 1m × 1m), the plastic barrel that built-in volume is 120 liters, generates for collecting because of rainfall Soil erosion amount.Experimental field belong to economic fruit (peach woods) sloping upland, and experimental field bottom kind is implanted with straw cord.

Table 1 is for trying soil basic chemical property

1.2 experimental designs and management

1.2.1 test material

Corn variety：Cloud auspicious 88, agricultural college of Yunnan Prov Agriculture University provide；

Potato Cultivars：Potato 2, agricultural college of Yunnan Prov Agriculture University is declared to provide；

Peach：Yan Hong；

Straw cord:Alta fascue+English ryegrass+Trifolium repense+orchardgrass, agricultural college of Yunnan Prov Agriculture University provide；

For trying strain：AM fungi Glomus mosseaes, Zi Huan institutes of Yunnan Prov Agriculture University provide；

Fungistat：Benomyl, Zi Huan institutes of Yunnan Prov Agriculture University provide.

1.2.2 experimental design

Experiment totally 3 processing, are arranged, 2 repetitions, 6 cells, different disposal is as follows by random district's groups：

Handle A：Corn ‖ potatos+apply benomyl (antibacterial)；

Handle B：Corn ‖ potatos (not being inoculated with)；

Handle C：Corn ‖ potatos+inoculation AMF (inoculation AMF)；

In text will with it is antibacterial, be not inoculated with, be inoculated with AMF and respectively represent tri- kinds of A, B, C processing.

1.2.3 trial

Using strip cropping, bandwidth 0.4m, often with 2 row of seeding corn, line space 0.40m, spacing in the rows 0.20m；Ma Ling Potato is 2 rows, line space 0.40m, spacing in the rows 0.40m.Peach plants 2 plants of peach, spacing in the rows 2.5m per cell.Straw cord bandwidth 0.60m.Plot area is 25m², long 10m, wide 2.5m.

The potato sowing time is April 12, and the corn seeding time is May 18.Radix heap 60kg/hm before sowing², General calcium 220kg/hm², potash fertilizer 42kg/hm².Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea.And in June, 2015 Nitrogen Top Dressing 200kg/hm²。

The benomyl that 25g volume fractions are 50% is dissolved in the water of 20L and is used as antibacterial processing^[67], control plus equivalent are clear Water, processing in every 15 days are primary.

For the infringement from weeds during ensureing plant growth, the farming such as weeding are carried out to cell during plant growth and are lived It is dynamic, September harvest potato on the 16th, October 25 harvesting corn.

1.3 indexs and method

1.3.1 soil background

Conventional 8 indexs of soil sampling analysis soil, measurement method are as follows before plantation and after harvest：

Soil pH value：Potentiometry；

Soil organic matter content：Oil bath heating potassium bichromate titrimetric method；

Total soil nitrogen amount：Semimicro Kelvin method；

Total Phosphorus In Soil amount：Sour molten-molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method；

The full potassium amount of soil：NaOH meltings-flame spectrometry；

Soil Available nitrogen：Alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method；

Soil quick-effective phosphor：0.5M NaHCO3 molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric methods；

Soil available nitrogen：1N NH4OAc extractions-flame spectrometry；

1.3.2 meteorological data observation：

A hydrocone type rain recorder is installed experimental field other.Observational record meteorological index mainly has：Daily rainfall, rainfall Number.

1.3.3 run-off and soil erosion amount

During plant growth, after one rainfall event generates runoff, the run-off in each cell water storage barrel is measured with graduated cylinder. After one rainfall event generates runoff, catchmenting in water storage barrel is fully stirred evenly, upper, middle and lower-ranking is divided to be total to water sampling 250ml, is loaded on glass In glass bottle, silt is filtered, weighs after being dried 24 hours in the baking oven that temperature is 105 DEG C, converts to obtain with each cell run-off The soil erosion amount that one rainfall event generates.

1.3.4 soil nitrogen loss amount

Measure one rainfall event generate runoff when sample, by dust-collecting bucket water and silt stir evenly, take middle section water Sample acquires 1L water samples every time.It transports laboratory after sampling to immediately, puts refrigerator cold-storage preservation, complete to measure in 7 days.Using over cure Sour potassium oxidation-Water by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry sample total nitrogen content；Using Water by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry sample nitrate nitrogen content； Water sample ammonium nitrogen content is measured using reagent colorimetric method.

1.3.5 Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence and robe density

Root sample in standard fixer is taken out, clean, acidification transparent according to conventional step, is dyed with bent sharp benzene indigo plant, Lactic acid glycerin decoloring, microscopically observation vesicle, clump branch and mycelia structure feature.Calculate infection rate.10g wind desiceted soils are respectively taken, It is sieved with wet screening decantation and takes AMF spores, lattice counts under anatomical lens, statistics spore sum.Using the spore count in every g dry ground as spore Sub- density.

Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence (F, %)=(the root segment sum for root segment number/detection that mycorhiza infects) × 100%.

1.3.6 the measurement of corn and potato

Practical survey is carried out when harvest corn to produce, weighs and removes bract fringe fresh weight and cauline leaf fresh weight per cell, and the fresh fringe of sampling strain is surveyed Its seed-producing rate converts the actual production per cell.

Potato fresh weight is measured, actual production is calculated.

During corn growth, 8 plants of sample strains are chosen per cell, the stem thickness plant height for measuring corn every 15 days and blade face Product.8 plants of potato sample strains are chosen per cell simultaneously measures plant height.

1.3.7 N content of crop tissue

H₂SO₄-H₂O₂Kjeldahl's method.

1.4 data process＆analysis

Gained test data is calculated with computer application softwares such as Excel2007 and SPSS18.0, arranges, count Analysis and data processing.

2, with reference to result, the invention will be further described with analysis.

Make influences of the inoculation AMF to soil run-off and erosion amount between 2.1 corn potatos

2.1.1 the characteristics of rainfall during observing

(in May, 2015-September) quantum of rainfall 682.6mm, co-falling rain 65 times, maximum single rainfall during test observation It it is 25.6mm (July 4), rainfall is concentrated mainly on July and August, and 2 months quantums of rainfall account for the rainfall of entire breeding time The 72.4% of total amount.In 65 rainfalls of entire Crop growing stage, shares 10 rainfalls and produce runoff.

2.1.2 make influences of the inoculation AMF to soil run-off between corn potato

Run-off (L/25m under 2 different disposal of table²)

Note：Significant difference (SPSS, P between with data line, different alphabetical expressions are handled<0.05, duncan's method)

By run-off variance analysis (being shown in Table 2) under different disposal, the runoff accumulation total amount of three kinds of processing has reached significance difference Different (P<0.05), the run-off of inoculation AMF processing is substantially less than nonvaccinated processing, and the diameter of antibacterial processing is carried out using benomyl Stream total amount is significantly higher than other two processing, and the accumulative total amount of runoff of inoculation AMF processing is more total than the runoff accumulation of non-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Amount reduces 35%, and the runoff accumulation total amount than antibacterial processing reduces 53%；July 29 in 10 runoffs, August 1 day, August 6 Day, August 28 days, September 7 are average daily has reached significant difference, possible cause is that this five days rainfalls are bigger, though remaining number of days does not have Have and reach significant difference, but generally all be inoculated with AMF run-off it is minimum, be not inoculated with AMF run-off secondly, antibacterial place The run-off of reason is most, and July, surface ground coverage was low, and rule of runoff is not notable, August since each crop is all in early growth period Part rainfall is larger, and run-off has all reached significant difference substantially.Therefore, all in all, it is inoculated with the run-off of AMF<It is not inoculated with The run-off of AMF<The run-off of antibacterial processing.

2.1.3 make influences of the inoculation AMF to soil erosion amount between corn potato

Soil erosion amount (g/25m under 3 different disposal of table²)

As shown in Table 3, soil erosion total amount has reached pole significant difference (P under different disposal<0.01), soil after inoculation AMF Earth erosion total amount is minimum, and the soil erosion total amount highest of antibacterial processing, is inoculated with the soil erosion total amount ratio after AMF and is not inoculated with The soil erosion total amount of AMF processing reduces 80%, and the soil erosion total amount than antibacterial processing reduces 89%, always takes temperature from corroding, There is good inhibiting effect for the soil erosion after inoculation AMF.It separately sees again, in addition to the soil of August three kinds of processing on the 26th is invaded Erosion amount is not up to significant difference (P>0.05), remaining reaches significant difference, and the soil erosion amount of inoculation AMF processing is most Few, the soil erosion amount of antibacterial processing and the soil erosion amount for not being inoculated with AMF are close, and the soil erosion amount of antibacterial processing is bigger In the soil erosion amount for not being inoculated with AMF processing, there is the date of half to be all not up to significant difference between the two, but be inoculated with AMF The soil erosion amount of processing is significantly lower than antibacterial processing and is not inoculated with the processing of AMF, although soil erosion amount according to rainfall and Run-off has slightly difference, but all numerical value all shows same rule, the soil erosion amount of inoculation AMF processing<It does not connect The processing of kind AMF<Antibacterial processing soil erosion amount can enhance water and soil conservation ability after illustrating inoculation AMF, and after applying benomyl Influence to the soil erosion is maximum.

Make influences of the inoculation AMF to nitrogen loss in rainwash between 2.2 corn potatos

2.2.1 make influences of the inoculation AMF to rainwash various nitrogen forms element concentration between corn potato

As can be seen from Table 4, the ammonium nitrogen mean concentration under different disposal has reached significant difference (P<0.05), antibacterial processing Ammonium nitrogen mean concentration highest, the ammonium nitrogen mean concentration of inoculation AMF processing is minimum, and the ammonium nitrogen of inoculation AMF processing is average The antibacterial processing of concentration ratio reduces 54%, and the ammonium nitrogen mean concentration than the processing of non-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi reduces 39%.It separately sees again, In addition to the ammonium nitrogen concentration of three kinds of processing of July 4 and July 29 is not up to significant difference, remaining has all reached significant difference (P<0.05), though July 4 and not up to significant difference on July 29, the rule presented are consistent, it is inoculated with ammonium state after AMF Nitrogen concentration is all minimum, is not inoculated with the ammonium nitrogen concentration of the processing and antibacterial processing of AMF substantially less than, and is not inoculated at AMF The ammonium nitrogen concentration of reason is only somewhat below the ammonium nitrogen concentration of antibacterial processing.All in all, three kinds of processing ammonium nitrogen concentration sizes It is inoculation AMF processing<It is not inoculated with AMF processing<Antibacterial processing.

Ammonium nitrogen concentration (mg/l) under 4 different disposal of table

According in 5 10 runoffs of table, wherein there is the nitrates of 5 runoffs, three kinds of processing to reach significant difference (P< 0.05), though not up to consistent, nitrate after inoculation AMF is presented in significant difference, the rule of nitrate for remaining It is minimum, it is slightly less than the processing for not being inoculated with AMF, the nitrate of nitrate highest after antibacterial processing, i.e., three kinds processing is It is inoculated with AMF processing<It is not inoculated with AMF processing<The nitrate of antibacterial processing.The mean value of nitrate in foundation table, three kinds The nitrate nitrogen mean concentration of processing has reached significant difference, and the nitrate nitrogen mean concentration of inoculation AMF processing is minimum, antibacterial processing Nitrate nitrogen mean concentration highest, after being inoculated with AMF, nitrate nitrogen mean concentration is lower by 29% than not being inoculated with processing, than the nitre of antibacterial processing State average nitrogen concentration low 47%.Therefore, it is learnt from table 5, the processing nitrate for being inoculated with AMF is minimum, is not inoculated with the nitre state of AMF Nitrogen concentration secondly, the nitrate highest of antibacterial processing.

Nitrate (mg/l) under 5 different disposal of table

According to table 6, total average nitrogen concentration has reached significant difference (P in the water sample of three kinds of processing<0.05), it is inoculated with AMF's Total average nitrogen concentration<It is not inoculated with AMF processing<Total average nitrogen concentration of antibacterial processing is not inoculated with total average nitrogen concentration of AMF processing Total average nitrogen concentration of total average nitrogen concentration of slightly below antibacterial processing, inoculation AMF processing is substantially less than other processing, than not connecing Kind AMF processing few 50%.See again exact date, only July 29 and August total nitrogen concentration on the 5th is not up to significant difference, and this two Daily rainfall is few, and runoff is also few, and the total nitrogen concentration of three kinds of processing of remaining date has reached significant difference, and all dates are presented Concentration rule it is identical, the total nitrogen concentration for not being inoculated with AMF processing is slightly below the total nitrogen concentration of antibacterial processing, inoculation AMF processing Total nitrogen concentration is many significantly lower than other two processing.Thus, it can be known that total nitrogen concentration after inoculation AMF<It is not inoculated with the total nitrogen concentration of AMF <Antibacterial treated total nitrogen concentration.

Total nitrogen concentration (mg/l) under 6 different disposal of table

According to table 4,5 and 6, under different disposal, rainwash ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and water-soluble total nitrogen concentration luffing difference It is 29%~57%, 14%~70%, 27%~61%, wherein inoculation AMF processing various nitrogen forms element loss concentrations are minimum, it is antibacterial Various nitrogen forms element loss concentration highest is handled, ammonium nitrogen loss concentration is higher than nitrate nitrogen loss concentration.

2.2.2 rainfall and nitrogen loss concentration analysis in runoff

According to fig. 2,3,4, under the conditions of rainfall is similar, the stream of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in rainwash It is all that antibacterial processing ＞ is not inoculated with AMF processing ＞ inoculation AMF processing to lose concentration；Under same processing total nitrogen in rainwash, The concentration variation of nitrate nitrogen is also big, and the reason of generating this phenomenon mainly has with rainfall intensity compared with Important Relations, total nitrogen, nitre state The loss concentration of nitrogen is directly related with rainfall, and caused by this experiment in 10 runoffs, maximum one day of rainfall is 7 Months 4 days, reach 25.6mm, total nitrogen concentration 13.66mg/l, nitrate 0.56mg/l in rainwash, respectively this try The maximum value tested；And the loss concentration of ammonium nitrogen shows certain graded there is no the variation with rainfall, studies carefully its original Because may be due to ammonium nitrogen is easy to be adsorbed by soil colloid^[70].Therefore, under the conditions of rainfall intensity is similar, no Same mycorhiza processing mode is to lead to a major reason of nitrogen loss concentration difference in rainwash.

2.2.3 make influences of the inoculation AMF to rainwash various nitrogen forms element number of dropouts between corn potato

Nitrogen Accumulation number of dropouts (kg/hm under 7 different disposal of table²) influence

Note：Significant difference (SPSS, P between the different alphabetical expression processing of same portion data<0.05, duncan's method)

As can be seen from Table 7, total nitrogen number of dropouts shows as inoculation AMF processing and handles small by 67%, antibacterial processing than not being inoculated with AMF Than it is not antibacterial be not inoculated with AMF processing it is big by 72%；For rainwash ammonium nitrogen number of dropouts, inoculation AMF processing ratios are not inoculated with AMF processing and antibacterial processing difference small 61% and 79%；For rainwash nitrate nitrogen number of dropouts, inoculation AMF handles ratio It is not inoculated with AMF processing and antibacterial processing difference low 54% and 74%.Total nitrogen number of dropouts, ammonium nitrogen number of dropouts and nitrate nitrogen number of dropouts All it is that inoculation AMF handles minimum, the various nitrogen forms element number of dropouts highest of antibacterial processing.Ammonium nitrogen in soluble inorganic nitrogen in runoff Number of dropouts highest, be more than nitrate nitrogen number of dropouts, show that ammonium nitrogen is the Main Morphology for causing runoff nitrogen loss.Therefore it connects Kind AMF can reduce soil nitrogen loss amount.

2.3AM mycorhiza and corn potato Wheat yield Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence and spore density

According to table 8, corn and the Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence of potato are all highest, the bacterium of corn and potato after inoculation AMF Root infection rate has all reached significant difference (P<0.05), the Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence of antibacterial processing is all minimum, is not connect substantially less than The Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence of kind AMF.Wherein up to 70% or more of the Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence inoculation AMF of corn, than not being inoculated with AMF processing Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence is high by 22%, and infection rate is 0 after antibacterial processing；And potato Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence is generally less than corn infection rate, connects Potato Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence in kind AMF processing is highest in three kinds of processing, reaches 47%, than the infection rate for not being inoculated with AMF High by 13%, antibacterial processing infection rate is 0.

The gradient rule of the spore density of three kinds of processing is consistent with infection rate, the spore in corn and potato root soil Density is all that inoculation AMF is higher than antibacterial processing higher than AMF is not inoculated with.It is significantly high that corn root soil miospore density is inoculated with AMF In not being inoculated with AMF processing, the spore density for not being inoculated with AMF processing is significantly higher than the spore density of antibacterial processing, is inoculated with spore after AMF Sub- density ratio be not inoculated with AMF processing it is high by 51%, although it is antibacterial processing do not find to infect, observe spore count, spore Density is about 0.55 g^-1；The spore density in potato root soil is seen again, is significantly higher than antibacterial processing after being inoculated with AMF The spore density of spore density, inoculation AMF processing is higher by 23% than not being inoculated with AMF processing, and antibacterial processing equally observes spore count, Spore density is about 0.25 g^-1。

Therefore, corn Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence is that inoculation AMF processing ＞ is not inoculated with the AMF processing antibacterial processing of ＞；

Potato Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence is also that inoculation AMF processing ＞ is not inoculated with the AMF processing antibacterial processing of ＞；Soil miospore is close It is also consistent to spend corn with the rule of potato, is all that inoculation AMF processing ＞ is not inoculated with the AMF processing antibacterial processing of ＞.This experiment In, the AMF infection rates of corn are significantly higher than the AMF infection rates of potato, and the competitiveness of corn is better than potato.

AM Mycorrhizal Infection Incidences and spore density under 8 different disposal of table

Make influences of the inoculation AMF to crop yield and absorbing nitrogen amount between 2.4 corn potatos

2.4.1 make influences of the inoculation AMF to crop yield between corn potato

Crop yield (thm under 9 different disposal of table^-2)

Table 9 shows that the potato actual production of three kinds of processing is not up to significant difference (P ＞ 0.05), but is inoculated at AMF The potato actual production highest of reason, the potato yield than not being inoculated with AMF processing increase by 18%, are produced than antibacterial processing potato Amount volume increase 22%, and be not inoculated between AMF processing and the potato yield of antibacterial processing and do not reach significant difference, but still illustrate There can be certain volume increase to potato yield after inoculation AMF.The actual production of corn is seen again, is not reached still between three kinds of processing To significant difference, but the corn yield for being inoculated with AMF processing is still highest in three kinds of processing, is increased than antibacterial processing 20%, and antibacterial processing and it is not inoculated with the corn yield of processing substantially without difference, it may be related with illumination acceptance level, and make Obtaining data does not have significant rule.The peach actual production of three kinds of processing is substantially close, and certain regularity is not presented, may Caused by various uncertain factors and intensity of illumination difference by field experiment, the cell sunlight close to edge is more sufficient.It is comprehensive It is upper described, according to table 9, it can be seen that have a degree of influence for potato and corn yield after inoculation AMF, than not connecing Kind AMF and antibacterial processing yield want high.In conclusion the crop yield highest of inoculation AMF processing, illustrates that being inoculated with AMF can carry High crop yield.

2.4.2 make influences of the inoculation AMF to the constituent factors of crop yield between corn potato

According to Fig. 5, July 23, antibacterial processing does not show apparent difference with AMF processing corn stem thickness is not inoculated with, The corn stem thickness of inoculation AMF processing is significantly higher than antibacterial processing, and the antibacterial processing of corn stem thickness average ratio of inoculation AMF processing increases 18%；August 5 days respectively handles significant difference (P<0.05), the corn stem thickness of inoculation AMF processing, which is significantly higher than, is not inoculated with AMF, connects The corn stem thickness average ratio of kind AMF processing is not inoculated with AMF processing and increases by 20%, increases by 22% than antibacterial processing；August 21 days, respectively Processing difference significantly (P<0.05), the corn stem thickness of inoculation AMF processing, which is significantly higher than, is not inoculated with AMF, the corn of inoculation AMF processing Stem thickness average ratio be not inoculated with AMF processing it is high by 21%, than it is antibacterial processing it is high by 22%, be not inoculated with AMF processing corn stem thickness mean value and The antibacterial no notable difference of processing；Corn stem thickness to September 2 days, inoculation AMF processing is not inoculated with AMF significantly higher than, is inoculated with The antibacterial processing processing of corn stem thickness average ratio of AMF processing is high by 17%, is not inoculated with the corn stem thickness mean value of AMF processing and antibacterial place Manage no notable difference.

It is obtained by analysis：Late July to early September, the average value of inoculation AMF processing corn stem thicknesses, which is significantly higher than, not to be connect Kind AMF processing and antibacterial processing, average stem thickness amplification 0.22-0.38cm, are not inoculated with the corn stem thickness of AMF processing and antibacterial processing There is no notable difference, the corn stem thickness average value for not being inoculated with AMF processing is slightly above antibacterial processing, and inoculation AMF handles corn stem thickness Average value increases by 20% than antibacterial processing.

According to Fig. 6, July 23, three kinds of processing corn plant heights do not show apparent difference, the jade of inoculation AMF processing Rice plant height average ratio is not inoculated with AMF processing and increases by 9%, and it is higher than antibacterial processing corn plant height average value not to be inoculated with AMF processing 0.6%；August 5 days, it is each to handle corn plants High Defferential not significantly (P>0.05), the corn plant height of inoculation AMF processing does not connect slightly above Kind of AMF, it is high by 9% that the corn plant height average ratio of inoculation AMF processing is not inoculated with AMF processing, than antibacterial processing increase by 16%；August 21 Day, it is each to handle corn plants High Defferential not significantly (P>0.05), the corn plant height of inoculation AMF processing is not inoculated with AMF slightly above, is inoculated with The antibacterial processing of corn plant height average ratio of AMF processing is high by 4%, is not inoculated with the corn plant height average value of AMF processing and antibacterial processing There is no notable difference, the corn plant height mean value for not being inoculated with AMF processing is only higher by 1% than antibacterial processing；To September 2 days, corn is respectively handled Difference in plant height still not significantly (P>0.05), inoculation AMF processing corn plant height average ratio be not inoculated with AMF processing it is high by 3%, do not connect The antibacterial processing of corn plant height average ratio of kind AMF processing is high by 5%.

It is obtained by analysis：Late July to early September, each corn plants High Defferential that handles is not notable, and inoculation AMF processing is beautiful For the average value of rice plant height higher than AMF processing is not inoculated with, average plant height amplification 6.17-17.4cm is not inoculated with AMF processing corn plant heights Average value is higher than antibacterial processing, average plant height amplification 1.1-10.84cm.The corn plant height average value of AMF processing is inoculated with than antibacterial It handles high by 9%.

According to Fig. 7, July 23, three kinds of processing Estimating Leaf Area In Maize indexes do not show apparent difference, are inoculated at AMF The Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index of reason increases by 9% than not being inoculated with AMF processing, increases by 11% than antibacterial processing Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index；August It is 5 days, each to handle Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index differential not significantly (P>0.05), the Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index of inoculation AMF processing is not higher than It is inoculated with AMF processing, the Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index of inoculation AMF processing is higher by 15% than not being inoculated with AMF processing, higher than antibacterial processing 19%；August 21 days, it is each to handle Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index differential not significantly (P>0.05), the Estimating Leaf Area In Maize of inoculation AMF processing refers to Number increases by 4% than not being inoculated with AMF processing, is not inoculated with higher than AMF processing, the Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index of inoculation AMF processing is not inoculated with The Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index of AMF processing and the antibacterial no notable difference of processing, inoculation AMF handle leaf area index than antibacterial processing It is high by 8%；It is each to handle Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index differential still not significantly (P to September 2 days>0.05), the maize leaves of inoculation AMF processing Area index is higher by 7% than not being inoculated with AMF processing, and the Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index and antibacterial processing for not being inoculated with AMF processing do not have substantially Difference, inoculation AMF processing leaf area index increase by 8% than antibacterial processing.

It is obtained by analysis：Late July to early September, each Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index differential that handles is not notable, is inoculated with AMF For processing Estimating Leaf Area In Maize index higher than AMF processing is not inoculated with, average plant height amplification 7.29-23.26 is not inoculated with AMF processing corns Leaf area index is higher than antibacterial processing, average plant height amplification 1.44-7.08.AMF processing leaf average LAIs are inoculated with than suppression Bacterium processing increases by 11%.

According to Fig. 8, July 23, three kinds of processing potato plant heights reach significant difference (P<0.05), inoculation AMF is handled Potato plant height average ratio be not inoculated with AMF processing it is high by 20%, be not inoculated with AMF processing it is higher than antibacterial processing potato plant height average value 26%；August 5 days, it is each to handle potato difference in plant height not significantly (P>0.05), the potato plant height of inoculation AMF processing is slightly above It is not inoculated with AMF, it is high by 12% that the potato plant height average ratio of inoculation AMF processing is not inoculated with AMF processing, is not inoculated with the horse of AMF processing The antibacterial processing of bell potato plant height average ratio is high by 11%；August 21 days, it is each to handle potato difference in plant height not significantly (P>0.05) it, is inoculated with The potato plant height of AMF processing is not inoculated with AMF slightly above, and the potato plant height average ratio of inoculation AMF processing is not inoculated with AMF processing Increase by 9%, the antibacterial processing of potato plant height average ratio for not being inoculated with AMF processing is high by 15%.It is obtained by analysis：Late July is to 8 In the last ten-days period moon, each processing potato difference in plant height is not notable, and the average value of inoculation AMF processing potato plant heights, which is higher than, is not inoculated with AMF Processing, average plant height amplification 2.9-5.74cm are not inoculated with AMF processing potato plant height average values and are higher than antibacterial processing, average strain High amplification 4.41-5.92cm.It is higher by 31% than antibacterial processing to be inoculated with AMF processing potato plant height average values.

2.4.3 make influences of the inoculation AMF to N content of crop tissue between corn potato

Plant nitrogen concentration (g/kg) under 10 different disposal of table

According to table 10, three kinds of processing corn overground part nitrogen concentrations and root system nitrogen concentration and potato tubers nitrogen concentration are not Reach significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The nitrogen concentration of corn overground part is not inoculated with AMF processing, antibacterial processing slightly above after inoculation AMF Corn overground part nitrogen concentration less than AMF processing is not inoculated with, the nitrogen concentration ratio that inoculation AMF handles corn overground part is not inoculated with AMF Processing and antibacterial processing difference high 0.2% and 30.8%；Maize root system nitrogen concentration, maize root system nitrogen after inoculation AMF processing are seen again Concentration is not inoculated with the root system nitrogen concentration of AMF slightly above, only high by 3.2%, and inoculation AMF processing is denseer than the maize root system nitrogen of antibacterial processing It spends high by 23.9%.Either inoculation AMF processing, be not inoculated with AMF processing or the antibacterial overground part nitrogen concentration for handling corn is all high In the nitrogen concentration of root system.The nitrogen concentration of three kinds of processing potatos is substantially close, and potato nitrogen concentration does not connect slightly above after being inoculated with AMF Kind of AMF processing, the potato nitrogen concentration of inoculation AMF processing is not than being inoculated with high 2.2% He of AMF processing and antibacterial processing difference 2.4%.The corn overground part and root system nitrogen concentration highest of AMF processing are inoculated in all processing, potato nitrogen concentration is also inoculation AMF handles highest.It to sum up analyzes, inoculation AMF can improve N content of crop tissue.

Make influences of the inoculation AMF to economic benefit between 2.5 corn potatos

Economic benefit under 11 different disposal of table

By table 11, the potato output value of different disposal is not up to significant difference (P ＞ 0.05), but the potato output value is inoculation AMF handles highest, and the potato output value increases by 0.47 ten thousand yuan of hm than not being inoculated with AMF processing after being inoculated with AMF^-2, the horse of antibacterial processing The bell potato output value handles few 0.10 ten thousand yuan of hm than the not antibacterial AMF that is not inoculated with^-2, the potato output value of inoculation AMF processing is than antibacterial place It manages high by 22%.Therefore the production value of potato is that inoculation AMF processing ＞ is not inoculated with the AMF processing antibacterial processing of ＞.Different disposal The corn output value also be not up to significant difference (P ＞ 0.05), the corn output value also be inoculation AMF processing highest, be inoculated with AMF after corn The output value increases by 0.11 ten thousand yuan of hm than not being inoculated with AMF processing^-2, the corn output value of antibacterial processing is not inoculated with AMF processing than not antibacterial Few 0.20 ten thousand yuan of hm^-2, the corn output value of inoculation AMF processing is than antibacterial processing increase by 41%.Therefore the production value of corn is same Sample is that inoculation AMF processing ＞ is not inoculated with the AMF processing antibacterial processing of ＞.The peach output value of different disposal does not reach significance difference Different, the peach output value of three kinds of processing is close, since the factors such as big Tanaka's illumination make the peach yield of different disposal not certain Regularity.The economic gross output value for being inoculated with AMF processing is higher by 4% than antibacterial processing.It is overall it is found that this compound vertical from table 3-10 Body tillage system reform can bring the economic benefit of bigger, be higher than the economic benefit of common intercropping mode and nonoculture pattern, And economic benefit can more be increased by being inoculated with AMF

The present invention is further retouched in the impact analysis of soil erosion with reference to inoculation AMF is made between corn potato It states.

The process of rain erosion slope surface should be directed to raindrop splash erosion feature since raindrop splash erosion, take corresponding Water-and-soil conservation measures reduces raindrop and acts on the gravitational thrusts of earth's surface, to inhibit its to the suppressing of soil, clog, disperse and The effect of splashing.At this point, the directly covering of the space covering of vegetation or ground makes the preferable measure of prevention raindrop erosion soil One of.Because the major part of raindrop or even whole impact forces are born by covering, soil by degradation degree because that must be mitigated, granule knot Structure would not be also destroyed, and the gap between grogs will not be clogged by fine deposit.Woods fruit intercropping mode prevents water and soil The mechanism of loss be mainly storey to the reallocation of rainfall, the mechanical stop of Litter Layer and root zone for soil knot The improvement of structure；Storey can delay the time of rainwash generation with retention part rainfall；The kinetic energy generated when being landed to raindrop Effectively weakened, slow down the impact to earth's surface, achievees the purpose that reduce rainwash and soil erosion amount.The present invention uses The mechanism of woods fruit intercropping mode prevention soil and water loss is utilized in economic fruit intercropping mode, this tillage system reform, reduces rainwater Sputter, reduce rainwash, to a certain extent well inhibition the soil erosion.

Can be seen that by test result, on the red soil of Yunnan hillside fields raindrop hit the effect of splashing and the rainfall factor is closely related.By dividing Result is analysed it is found that considering from rainfall, soil erosion amount is in pole clear-cut correlation (r=0.829**, P with rainfall<0.01). In the rule of raindrop erosion soil, soil erosion amount is in extremely significant positive correlation (r=0.922**, P with run-off< 0.01).Although this point fails to give to illustrate from through flow velocity, the general rule that runoff washes away also have been embodied from run-off Rule, i.e., run-off is bigger, and erosion amount is bigger.

About the relationship between AM mycorhiza and spore density, the result of study of forefathers is different.He etc.^[76]The study found that with The AMF infection rates of color row Desert Area shrub pollution treatment rhizosphere are proportionate with spore density；Heana etc.^[77]Studies have shown that Ah root The spore density of AMF and infection rate non-correlation in the saline soil of the court of a feudal ruler；Square swallow etc.^[78]Studies have shown that Ningshan and Hengshan Mountain area thorn Chinese scholartree and populus simonii Rhizosphere AM F spore densities and infection rate are in notable positive correlation.This result of study shows Yunnan Province's treasured as river valley The spore density and infection rate of the AMF of corn and potato rhizosphere is in extremely notable positive correlation (r=0.994^**, n=6, P<0.01；r =0.975^**, n=6, P<0.01).The Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence that AMF processing maize root systems are inoculated in this research is up to 72%, potato The infection rate of root system is 47%.The soil erosion amount that AMF processing is inoculated in 10 runoffs is not inoculated with AMF processing and suppression substantially less than The soil erosion amount of bacterium processing.It is not inoculated with the corn of AMF and potato root system also has certain Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence, and antibacterial processing Afterwards, corn and potato root system do not find to infect, and from the point of view of soil erosion amount, the soil erosion amount for not being inoculated with AMF is also significantly low In the soil erosion amount of antibacterial processing.This is because the mutualism of AM mycorhiza and host plant can enhance plant from soil The ability of moisture is obtained, improves absorption of the root system of plant to mineral element and nutrient, to promote plant growth.AM mycorhiza mycelia The contact area of maize root system and soil can be increased, the glomalin related soil albumen main function of AM mycorhiza secretion is exactly to increase Add Soil organic carbon pool and improve soil agreegate, so as to improve soil texture^[79], enhance soil fertility, improve soil and ooze Saturating ability and water stability performance quantity.And soil texture is better, water penetration and water-holding capacity are bigger, and erosion degree is lighter, Soil anti-scouribility is stronger.Thus illustrate that soil erosion can effectively be inhibited by being inoculated with AMF.

The present invention is further retouched in the impact analysis of Nitrogen utility with reference to inoculation AMF is made between corn potato It states.

Water sample total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen loss concentration are compared analysis, nitre state with rainfall respectively in experiment Nitrogen discharge concentration is in notable positive correlation (r=0.757*, P with rainfall<0.05), total nitrogen loss concentration and rainfall are also with drop The increase and increase of rainfall.In rainwash, nitrogen discharge amount increases with the increase of rainfall.And the feelings similar in rainfall Under condition, there is also larger differences for the wastage of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in rainwash.Have studies have shown that total Nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen number of dropouts have certain correlation with runoff water^[80].In this research, Nitrogen Accumulation number of dropouts is divided Analysis, the results showed that soluble state nitrogen is the Main Morphology of natural rainfall the loss of surface runoff nitrogen in farmland, and wherein ammonium nitrogen is ground The Main Morphology of soluble state nitrogen discharge in table runoff.In agricultural surface runoff, nitrogen loss is the direct punching by rainwater mostly Caused by erosion, therefore the amount of nitrogen that silt particle reference state is lost in is considerable, corrodes what silt particle carried in rainwash The dissolved nitrogen loss that particle nitrogen discharge and runoff carry is two main ways that agricultural surface runoff nitrogen nutrient is lost in Diameter^[81], caused by mostly the generation of agricultural run-off being the influence because of the gradient, in addition the effects that elution, makes farmland surface layer soil Nitrogen content is relatively low, therefore runoff is when earth's surface generates runoff, and the loss of nitrogen is better than chemistry due to washing away equal physical erosions and invades Erosion^[69].Some researches show that when run-off is larger, nitrate nitrogen Loss in Runoff amount is higher than ammonium nitrogen, but when runoff rate is smaller, Ammonium nitrogen is higher than nitrate nitrogen with the number of dropouts of rainwash^[80].The analysis of run-off can be seen that in this research this Farming specialty intercropping mode itself has had good soil and water conservation effect, even three kinds processing in antibacterial processing runoff stream Vector is also relatively small.The nitrogenous fertilizer of application will need long period alternation of wetting and drying to act on as Fixed ammonium, by organic matter Or the NH of clay absorption₄ ⁺It is also required to by complicated process as stable organic mineral complex, fertilizer is in dissolving or water Solution is the stage of ammonium nitrogen, not yet carries out or just carries out nitrifying process, so, a large amount of ammonium state is had accumulated in soil naturally Nitrogen, deficiency think that soil colloid adsorbs, and therefore, the form that nitrogen is flowed out in rainfall runoff is higher with ammonium nitrogen concentration.

The present invention is to the ammonium nitrogen loss concentration of different disposal, the loss concentration difference of nitrate nitrogen loss concentration and total nitrogen It is analyzed, different form nitrogen loss concentration is all that the nitrogen loss concentration of inoculation AMF processing is minimum, the nitrogen of antibacterial processing Loss concentration highest.The nitrogen loss amount of different shape, ammonium state of the ammonium nitrogen number of dropouts than not being inoculated with AMF of inoculation AMF processing It is lower by 46% than antibacterial processing ammonium nitrogen number of dropouts not to be inoculated with AMF ammonium nitrogens number of dropouts for nitrogen discharge amount low 61%.This is because AM roots Outer mycelia can utilize NH₄ ⁺、NO₃With simple shape amino acid, and the mineralising of organic nitrogen can also be accelerated in turn under certain condition Organic nitrogen is set to become its available forms of nitrogen.AM mycorhiza also plays important work in the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen With, can be significantly affected by some approach the bio-absorbable of nitrogen and assimilation, the mineralising of organic nitrogen, biological nitrogen fixation, nitrification and Many soil nitrogen cyclic processes such as denitrification and N leaching loss.Inorganic nitrogen is the important nitrogen source of plant, wherein ammonium nitrogen and Nitrate nitrogen is two kinds of main nitrogens that plant can directly utilize.However, most nitrogen in soil are organic, only exist Being decomposed by the microorganisms into after inorganic nitrogen can just be absorbed and used by plants.Show that the outer mycelia of AM roots can absorb various simple shapes Nitrogen, including nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and some amino acid, and compared to NO₃, AM preferentially utilize NH₄ ⁺, AM has from complexity The ability of nitrogen is absorbed in organic nitrogen and accelerates its degradation process.Have studies have shown that making between pulse family-gramineous crop Crop nitrogen can be promoted to absorb, Soil Nitrogen Content be reduced, to reduce soil nitrate-N and ammonium nitrogen with the loss of surface runoff. In the present invention, corn is grass family, and potato is Solanaceae, may be also the system of taproot, potato and corn intercrop due to potato Pattern is made between being similar to grass family-pulse family, also has similarity to being absorbed and utilized for nutrient.Therefore it is inoculated with AMF in the present invention Processing nitrogen loss amount it is minimum, nonvaccinated mycorhiza itself also has certain Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence, the antibacterial no mycorhiza of processing It infects, therefore the nitrogen loss amount highest of antibacterial processing, and in the nitrogen of different shape, the loss of inoculation AMF processing ammonium nitrogens Amount reduces most.

Plant nitrogen concentration under different disposal is measured, the overground part nitrogen concentration of corn is higher than root system nitrogen concentration.

The nitrogen concentration of corn overground part and underground part will be higher than the corn nitrogen concentration for not being inoculated with AMF after inoculation AMF, not connect The corn overground part and underground part nitrogen concentration of kind of AMF handles corn overground part also above the corn nitrogen concentration after antibacterial, inoculation AMF Nitrogen concentration than it is antibacterial processing it is high by 30.8%, inoculation AMF processing maize root system nitrogen concentration it is higher by 23.9% than antibacterial processing；Inoculation The nitrogen concentration of potato is also higher than nonvaccinated after AMF, and the potato nitrogen concentration for not being inoculated with AMF is higher than antibacterial processing.Inoculation The potato nitrogen concentration of AMF processing is higher by 2.4% than antibacterial processing.Inoculation AMF can significantly improve absorption of the corn to nitrogen, beautiful Rice aerial part nitrogen cumulant is higher than root system part^[79].Inoculation AMF can promote root system of plant effectively to absorb in soil Nutrient, promote the growth and development of plant.Some researches show that organic nitrogens may represent a kind of important nitrogen of AM mycorhiza own growths Source, the nitrate nitrogen that the outer mycelia of root absorbs is transferred to plant there is no whole, but has sizable ratio to be present in mycorhiza mycelia In vivo, AM mycorhiza itself perhaps can regulate and control the transfer of nitrogen to a certain extent, but being nitrogen only when itself is expired It is likely to remaining nitrogen to pass to plant after foot^[63].This can explain the plant nitrogen of three kinds of processing lower corn and potato Although the same rule is presented in concentration, do not reach significant difference between three.

The present invention is further retouched in the impact analysis of economic benefit with reference to inoculation AMF is made between corn potato It states.

Plant height and leaf area are to weigh two important indicators of crop growth level, reflect that crop accumulates light indirectly The size of yield is closed, while also contributing to the formation of final economic flow rate.Nitrogen is the most important structure composition substance of plant, is The necessary nutrient of plant growth, the physiological metabolism to plant and growth important role, while being also that crop yield increases income Main contributors.AM mycorhiza can promote plant absorption moisture and nutrient, improve the resistance and disease resistance of crop, promote Crop growth.

The present invention is by the plant height of corn different times, stem thickness, the measurement of leaf area, having found inoculation AMF processing same Plant height, stem thickness, the leaf area in one period are all highest, are not inoculated with AMF processing and are slightly above antibacterial processing；And when potato difference The plant height data of phase also show the potato plant height highest of inoculation AMF processing, are not inoculated with next of AMF, the plant height of antibacterial processing It is minimum value in three kinds of processing.Data analysis to three kinds of processing Potatos, corn and peach yield is it is found that three kinds of processing The yield of lower crop is not up to significant difference, but is inoculated with potato and corn actual production after AMF higher than not being inoculated with AMF's Processing is higher than antibacterial processing；

Finally the economic gross output value is to be inoculated with the output value highest of AMF processing to the present invention, and inoculation AMF processing potato output values ratio is not It is inoculated with 0.47 ten thousand yuan of hm of AMF processing increments^-2, the corn output value rises in value 0.11 ten thousand yuan of hm^-2, gross output value ratio is not inoculated with AMF processing Rise in value 1.35 ten thousand yuan of hm^-2；It is not inoculated with the AMF processing output values and is higher than antibacterial processing, the potato output value and the corn output value are rised in value respectively 0.10 ten thousand yuan of hm^-2With 0.20 ten thousand yuan of hm^-2, the gross output value rises in value 0.74 ten thousand yuan of hm^-2.It is inoculated with the potato output value of AMF processing Higher by 22% than antibacterial processing, the corn output value of inoculation AMF processing increases by 41% than antibacterial processing, and the economy of inoculation AMF processing is total The antibacterial processing of benefit ratio is high by 4%, and the economic gross output value of inoculation AMF processing is higher by 4% than antibacterial processing.

The present invention uses agriculture tree-grass complex tillage system reform, potato and corn intercrop, can greatly improve the warp of per hectare The Ji output value, inoculation AMF promotes plant growth, significantly more efficient to improve production value, is not inoculated in the soil of AMF and has also discovered Mycorhiza infects, and the output value infects the antibacterial processing of situation higher than no mycorhiza, illustrates that AM mycorhiza increases income crop, increases economic effect Benefit plays an important role, and is also beneficial to sustainable utilization and the protection of mountain area sloping upland agricultural environment resource.

This experiment combines corn potato intercropping mode in the case where Slope Land in Yunnan Province khoai is using economic fruit-bearing forest, implements simultaneously It is inoculated with AMF and antibacterial processing, soil erosion amount, Nitrogen utility and economic benefit are studied, following result is obtained：

(1) soil erosion amount can be reduced by making inoculation AMF between corn potato, can also reduce nitrogen loss amount in soil, together When play the role of to the reduction for mitigating body eutrophication and agricultural non-point source pollution it is positive.

(2) the concentration of nitrogen in crop body can be increased by making inoculation AMF between corn potato, and be conducive to nitrogen in soil has Effect utilizes.

(3) make inoculation AMF between corn potato and promote crop growth, improve crop groups yield and economic benefit.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention made by within refreshing and principle.

Claims

1. a kind of method reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount, which is characterized in that the reduction sloping upland water and soil And make compound tillage system reform between the method use of soil nitrogen loss amount, carry out potato and corn intercrop；Simultaneously to sloping upland Soil carries out inoculation AMF bacterium.

2. the method for reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to subtract The method of sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount includes less：

Using strip cropping, bandwidth 0.4m, often with 2 row of seeding corn, line space 0.40m, spacing in the rows 0.20m；Potato is 2 Row, line space 0.40m, spacing in the rows 0.40m；

The potato sowing time is April 12, and the corn seeding time is May 18；Radix heap 60kg/hm before sowing², general calcium 220kg/hm², potash fertilizer 42kg/hm²；Nitrogenous fertilizer is urea；And in Nitrogen Top Dressing 200kg/hm in June²；When each crop is sowed to soil Earth is inoculated with AMF bacterium；

The benomyl that 25g volume fractions are 50% is dissolved in the water of 20L and is used as antibacterial processing, control plus equivalent clear water, every 15 Its processing is primary.

3. the method for reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that described to subtract The method of few sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount further comprises：Weeding is carried out to cell during plant growth；

Soil sampling analyzes soil root system before plantation and after harvest；

Weather data analysis：A hydrocone type rain recorder is installed experimental field other；The meteorological daily rainfall of analysis record, rainfall time Number index；

Run-off and soil erosion amount：During plant growth, after one rainfall event generates runoff, measures each cell with graduated cylinder and store Run-off in bucket；After one rainfall event generates runoff, catchmenting in water storage barrel is fully stirred evenly, upper, middle and lower-ranking is divided to fetch water altogether Sample 250ml filters silt loaded in vial, weighs after being dried 24 hours in the baking oven that temperature is 105 DEG C, with each cell Run-off converts to obtain the soil erosion amount of one rainfall event generation.

4. the method for reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that described to subtract The method of few sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount further comprises：

Soil nitrogen loss amount：Measure one rainfall event generate runoff when sample, by dust-collecting bucket water and silt stir evenly, take Middle section water sample acquires 1L water samples every time；Refrigerator cold-storage preservation is put after sampling, completes to measure in 7 days；Using potassium peroxydisulfate oxygen Change-Water by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry sample total nitrogen content；Using Water by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry sample nitrate nitrogen content；Using receiving Family name's reagent colorimetric method for determining water sample ammonium nitrogen content.

5. the method for reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that described to subtract The method of few sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount further comprises：

Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence and robe density：Root sample in standard fixer is taken out, is cleaned, with bent sharp benzene indigo plant dyeing, calculating is invaded Dye rate；10g wind desiceted soils are respectively taken, is sieved with wet screening decantation and takes AMF spores, lattice counts under anatomical lens, statistics spore sum；With every Spore count in g dry ground is spore density.

6. the method for reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that described to subtract The method of few sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount further comprises：

The measurement of corn and potato：Practical survey is carried out when harvest corn to produce, and is weighed and is gone bract fringe fresh weight and cauline leaf fresh per cell Weight, the sampling fresh fringe of strain survey its seed-producing rate, convert the actual production per cell；

Potato fresh weight is measured, actual production is calculated；

During corn growth, 8 plants of sample strains are chosen per cell, every the stem thickness plant height and leaf area that 15 days measure corn；Together When choose 8 plants of potato sample strains per cell and measure plant heights.

7. the method for reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount as described in claim 3~6 any one, feature It is, the data obtained is calculated with Excel2007 and SPSS18.0 computer application softwares, is arranged, statistical analysis sum number According to processing.

8. a kind of sloping upland area of the method as described in claim 1 reducing sloping upland water and soil and soil nitrogen loss amount.