CN109917104B - In-situ soil column leaching test device and method - Google Patents
In-situ soil column leaching test device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an in-situ soil column leaching test device and a method. The invention utilizes 'double-frame equal-waterhead infiltration' to restrain the lateral seepage of the leaching solution, obtains one-dimensional vertical leaching approaching the earth pillar, greatly reduces the influence of solute lateral flow, directionally collects the target seepage surface, and realizes the in-situ leaching and liquid collection of the target earth pillar. The leaching solution collecting structure specially designed by the invention is ingenious in design, can effectively avoid the long-term contact between the soil leaching solution and air, is beneficial to the non-oxygen-exposure collection of the leaching solution containing the reductive sensitive indexes, avoids the oxidation and precipitation of the reductive sensitive indexes, and ensures the authenticity of the collected leaching solution composition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soil detection test device and a method, in particular to an in-situ soil column leaching test device and a method.
Background
The material composition of soil closely influences the ecological quality of soil and the migration change behavior of environmental factors contacting with the soil. The soil column leaching experiment maintains the integrity of the soil particle structure when obtaining the soil leaching solution, and can simulate natural dynamic percolation processes such as precipitation, irrigation and the like, so that the soil leaching solution is widely applied to soil chemistry and soil pollution remediation research. The existing soil research method is to carry out indoor soil column filling and leaching experiments on collected soil samples, and the operating process of the method is likely to cause the change of conditions such as environmental background, soil structure, physicochemical properties, biological activity and the like, so that the experimental conditions are different from the original soil. The indoor eluviation experiment of original state earth pillar can avoid the change of soil structure and constitution to a great extent, but still can cause the change of environmental condition (temperature, moisture), in addition, still has the problem that the eluviation takes place the interference of wall priority flow.
In addition, the existing method for collecting filtrate in the natural leaching process of field soil is to pump a certain amount of solution in a liquid storage device into a sampling bottle after the solution is collected, and during the collection and extraction processes, the nature of the leaching solution can change due to long-time exposure in the air, especially the possible reductive sensitive index (such as NH 4) in the soil solution+Divalent sulfur, Fe2 +DOC, etc.) may be oxidized and precipitated, etc., resulting in a change in the composition of the collected leaching solution, which in turn causes errors in experimental data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ soil column leaching test device to solve the problems that the existing test device is large in error and inaccurate in test result.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide an in-situ soil column leaching test method to realize in-situ leaching and liquid collection of a target soil column.
One of the objects of the invention is achieved by: an in-situ soil column leaching test device comprises a limiting frame, a receiving tray arranged below the limiting frame, a liquid storage device communicated with the bottom of the receiving tray, a sampling bottle communicated with the bottom of the liquid storage device through a sampling conduit, an air charging device used for charging air into the liquid storage device, an exhaust pipe used for discharging air in the liquid storage device and a controller used for controlling the air charging device;
the limiting frame comprises an inner frame and an outer frame sleeved outside the inner frame, the inner frame and the outer frame are circular frames with the same height and are coaxially arranged, the receiving disc is positioned under the inner frame, the central axes of the receiving disc and the inner frame are collinear, and the disc opening caliber of the receiving disc is equal to the inner diameter of the inner frame;
the liquid storage device comprises a cylinder, a baffle plate and a liquid discharge piston which are arranged in the cylinder, and a high liquid level sensor and a low liquid level sensor which are arranged on the side wall of the cylinder and used for monitoring the liquid level in the cylinder, wherein the liquid discharge piston can reciprocate in the cylinder below the baffle plate to divide the cylinder into two parts, the upper part is a gas cavity, the lower part is a liquid cavity, and the high liquid level sensor and the low liquid level sensor are respectively and electrically connected with the controller through leads;
the exhaust pipe and the inflation device are respectively communicated with the gas cavity, and the sampling conduit is communicated with the liquid cavity.
The receiving tray comprises a funnel-shaped tray body and a filter layer arranged on the tray body, the bottom end of the tray body is communicated with the bottom of the barrel through a connecting pipe, and a check valve communicated with the barrel is arranged on the connecting pipe. The filter layer comprises a filter plate arranged at the disc opening of the disc body and a quartz sand layer arranged below the filter plate, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the quartz sand layer are respectively provided with a gauze.
The exhaust pipe comprises a pipe body, an exhaust piston and a hard supporting rod, the exhaust piston and the hard supporting rod are arranged inside the pipe body, the bottom of the pipe body penetrates through the partition plate and is inserted into the gas cavity, an expansion portion is arranged on the pipe body, the exhaust piston is located above the expansion portion and can slide in the pipe body in a reciprocating mode, the upper end of the hard supporting rod is connected to the exhaust piston, and the lower end of the hard supporting rod is connected to the liquid discharge piston.
The inflation device comprises an inflation tube and an inflation pump, one end of the inflation tube is connected with the inflation pump, the other end of the inflation tube penetrates through the baffle plate and extends into the gas cavity, and the inflation pump is electrically connected with the controller.
The receiving tray is supported and arranged under the inner frame through a support, and the support is a hollow three-dimensional net rack.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps: an in-situ soil column leaching test method comprises the following steps:
1) shoveling surface soil of 3-5 cm in a test area, vertically pressing the bottom of a limiting frame into a soil layer, and keeping an inner frame and an outer frame of the limiting frame coaxial and positioned on the same horizontal plane;
2) excavating earthwork beside the limit frame to form a pit, horizontally excavating on the side wall of the pit to form a hole, and positioning the hole below the limit frame; a support is arranged in the hole groove, a receiving disc is arranged on the support and is positioned right below the inner frame of the limiting frame, and the caliber of the receiving disc is consistent with the inner diameter of the inner frame;
3) putting a liquid storage device into a pit groove, wherein the liquid storage device comprises a barrel, a baffle plate and a liquid discharge piston which are arranged in the barrel, and a high liquid level sensor and a low liquid level sensor which are arranged on the side wall of the barrel and used for monitoring the liquid level in the barrel; the top of the cylinder body extends out of the earth surface, the liquid collecting section of the cylinder body is lower than the bottom end of the receiving disc, a liquid outlet at the bottom end of the receiving disc is communicated with a liquid inlet at the bottom end of the liquid collecting section by using a connecting pipe, and a one-way valve which flows to the cylinder body is arranged on the connecting pipe; the high liquid level sensor and the low liquid level sensor are respectively connected with the controller by using a lead;
4) respectively connecting the gas cavity of the cylinder with the exhaust pipe and the inflation device, and connecting the liquid cavity of the cylinder with the sampling conduit; the exhaust pipe comprises a pipe body, an exhaust piston and a hard support rod, the exhaust piston and the hard support rod are arranged in the pipe body, the bottom of the pipe body penetrates through the baffle plate and is inserted into the gas cavity, an expansion part is arranged on the pipe body, the exhaust piston is positioned above the expansion part and can slide in the pipe body in a reciprocating mode, the upper end of the hard support rod is connected to the exhaust piston, and the lower end of the hard support rod is connected to the liquid discharge piston; backfilling the soil excavated in the step 1) layer by layer, and connecting a sampling guide pipe with a sampling bottle on the ground to finish the arrangement of the test device;
5) when water is injected, a double-frame inner equal water head of the limiting frame is kept, and the drenching solution penetrates through the soil layer and then falls into the receiving tray;
6) the drenching solution in the receiving disc flows into the liquid cavity of the cylinder body through the connecting pipe, and the liquid discharging piston moves upwards along with the increase of the drenching solution in the liquid cavity;
7) when the liquid level of the drenching solution in the cylinder body reaches a high liquid level line position, the high liquid level sensor sends a signal to the controller, the inflation device is started to inflate the gas cavity of the cylinder body, the liquid discharge piston moves downwards under pressure to press the drenching solution below the liquid discharge piston into the guide pipe and further into the sampling bottle, and the liquid level of the drenching solution in the liquid cavity gradually drops; when the liquid discharge piston moves downwards, the hard support rod drives the exhaust piston to move downwards;
8) when the liquid level of the solution sprayed in the cylinder body is reduced to a low liquid level line, the low liquid level sensor sends a signal to the controller, the inflation device is closed, at the moment, the exhaust piston of the exhaust pipe moves downwards to the expansion part, the gas in the gas cavity is discharged outwards through a gap between the exhaust piston and the side wall of the expansion part, the gas pressure at the upper part of the liquid discharge piston is reduced, the liquid discharge piston moves upwards again, the hard support rod and the exhaust piston are pushed to move upwards until the exhaust piston passes over the expansion part, and the exhaust process is finished;
9) and repeating the steps 6) -8) until the test is finished.
And in the step 5), before water injection, gravel is paved inside the limiting frame, and the side wall of the limiting frame is immediately marked.
The invention utilizes 'double-frame equal-waterhead infiltration' to restrain the lateral seepage of the leaching solution, obtains one-dimensional vertical leaching approaching the earth pillar, greatly reduces the influence of solute lateral flow, directionally collects the target seepage surface, and realizes the in-situ leaching and liquid collection of the target earth pillar. The leaching solution collecting structure specially designed by the invention is ingenious in design, can effectively avoid the long-term contact between the soil leaching solution and air, is beneficial to the non-oxygen-exposure collection of the leaching solution containing the reductive sensitive indexes, avoids the oxidation and precipitation of the reductive sensitive indexes, and ensures the authenticity of the collected leaching solution composition.
The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, low cost and suitability for popularization and application, and the method has simple operation, realizes one-dimensional vertical eluviation approaching to the soil column and collection of the soil eluviation under the anaerobic condition, and greatly improves the accuracy of the soil eluviation test.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the exhaust pipe.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a receiving disc, 2, a support, 3, a quartz sand layer, 4, a gauze, 5, a connecting pipe, 6, a one-way valve, 7, a cylinder body, 8, a baffle, 9, a liquid discharge piston, 10, a low liquid level sensor, 11, a high liquid level sensor, 12, a lead, 13, a controller, 14, an inflator pump, 15, an inflation pipe, 16, a sampling pipe, 17, a sampling bottle, 18, an exhaust pipe, 18-1, an exhaust piston, 18-2, an expansion part, 18-3, a hard supporting rod, 19, an outer frame, 20 and an inner frame.
Detailed Description
Example 1: in-situ soil column leaching test device.
As shown in figure 1, the invention mainly comprises a limiting frame, a receiving disc 1, a liquid storage device, an exhaust pipe 18, a sampling bottle 17, an aerating device, a controller 13 and the like.
The limiting frame comprises an outer frame 19 and an inner frame 20 which are coaxially arranged, the inner frame 20 and the outer frame 19 are circular frames (the height of the two frames is about 50cm, the diameter of the two frames is 25cm and 50cm respectively) with the same height, the two frames are made of stainless steel materials and used for restraining lateral seepage of a leaching solution so as to realize one-dimensional vertical leaching close to the earth pillar.
The receiving tray 1 is arranged below the limiting frame through the support 2, the support 2 is a hollow three-dimensional net support and is used for supporting and protecting the receiving tray, and when the receiving tray is used, the receiving tray needs to be arranged in the pit groove, and the hollow three-dimensional net support can play a certain supporting role on a soil body above the pit groove. The bracket 2 is provided with four-corner height adjusting screws and horizontal and lateral accurate positioning adjusting screws, and the size of the bracket can be automatically adjusted according to needs.
The receiving disc 1 is positioned under the inner frame 20, and the central axes of the receiving disc and the inner frame are collinear, so as to receive the soil leachate and carry out primary filtration on the soil leachate. The receiving tray 1 comprises a funnel-shaped tray body, a filter plate arranged at the tray opening, two layers of nylon gauze 4 arranged below the filter plate and a quartz sand layer 3 arranged between the two layers of nylon gauze 4. The bore of disk body equals with inside diameter of inside casing 20, and the plate body of filter is sunken to disk body bottom, and nylon gauze 4 is nylon gauze 4 of 100 meshes, and the quartz sand particle diameter in the quartz sand layer 3 is 40~60 meshes. Filter, gauze 4, quartz sand layer 3 constitute the filter layer jointly, play prefilter's effect to drenching the filtrating, prevent that large granule thing from getting into connecting pipe 5 and causing the jam. The receiving pan 1 can collect the leachate in a large area, and the leachate flows downwards rapidly along the funnel-shaped slope of the pan body and then flows into the liquid reservoir through the connecting pipe 5 at the bottom.
The liquid storage device is characterized in that a separation baffle 8 is fixedly arranged in the cylinder 7 to separate the lower part of the cylinder 7 from the outside air to form a liquid collection section. The liquid collection section of the cylinder 7 is internally provided with a liquid discharge piston 9 in a sliding manner, the bottom of the liquid discharge piston 9 protrudes downwards to form an arc surface close to the arc bottom surface of the cylinder, and when the liquid discharge piston 9 moves downwards to the bottom, the downward protruding arc surface is basically matched with the bottom surface of the cylinder and a gap is reserved for the pouring of a drenching solution. The liquid collecting section is divided into an upper part and a lower part by the liquid discharging piston 9, the upper part is a gas cavity, the lower part is a liquid cavity, the liquid discharging piston 9 moves up and down, and the volumes of the gas cavity and the liquid cavity are changed along with the liquid cavity. The cylinder 7 is a cylindrical container made of organic glass, the bottom (liquid cavity) of the cylinder is communicated with the bottom of the receiving disc 1 through a connecting pipe 5, a one-way valve 6 is arranged on the connecting pipe 5 and close to the liquid storage device, and the one-way valve 6 only allows the leachate to flow in one direction from the receiving disc 1 to the liquid storage device. An upper non-contact liquid level sensor and a lower non-contact liquid level sensor are arranged on the side wall of the liquid collection section of the cylinder body 7, one non-contact liquid level sensor is a high liquid level sensor 11, the other non-contact liquid level sensor is a low liquid level sensor 10, and the two non-contact liquid level sensors are electrically connected with a controller 13 through leads 12 respectively and used for monitoring the liquid level height in the cylinder body 7.
The inflation device comprises an inflation tube 15 and an inflation pump 14, one end of the inflation tube 15 penetrates through the baffle 8 and enters the gas cavity between the baffle 8 and the liquid discharge piston 9, the inflation tube 15 is in seamless sealing connection with the baffle 8, the other end of the inflation tube 15 is connected with the inflation pump 14, and the inflation pump 14 is electrically connected with the controller 13. When the high liquid level detector detects that the liquid level in the cylinder 7 rises to the high liquid level line position, a signal is sent to the controller 13, the controller 13 closes the relay, the inflator pump 14 is started, and the gas is filled into the gas cavity of the cylinder 7 through the gas filling pipe 15; when the low liquid level detector detects that the liquid level in the barrel 7 is lowered to the low liquid level line position, a signal is sent to the controller 13, the controller 13 disconnects the relay, and the inflator 14 is turned off.
In order to ensure that the volume of the solution sprayed once when the inflator pump is started and stopped (the volume of the liquid collecting section of the liquid storage device) is basically matched with the seepage flow of the soil column in the time period, the filtering liquid flow at the collecting end is estimated by utilizing Darcy's law and hydrogeology experience parameters according to the test site conditions, and therefore, the reasonable volume of the liquid storage device (the volume of the liquid collecting section) is selected. The calculation can be referred to the following table.
As shown in fig. 2, the exhaust pipe 18 includes a pipe body, an exhaust piston 18-1 and a rigid strut 18-3 provided inside the pipe body. The bottom end of the pipe body penetrates through the baffle plate 8 and enters a gas cavity between the baffle plate 8 and the liquid discharge piston 9, and an expansion part 18-2 is arranged on the pipe body and is matched with the exhaust piston 18-1 to realize exhaust. The exhaust piston 18-1 is located above the expansion part 18-2 and can reciprocate up and down in the pipe body, and when the exhaust piston 18-1 moves to the expansion part 18-2, gas in the gas cavity is exhausted from a gap between the exhaust piston 18-1 and the side wall of the expansion part 18-2. The upper end of the hard support rod 18-3 is connected with the exhaust piston 18-1, and the lower end is connected with the liquid discharge piston 9, so that the exhaust piston 18-1 and the liquid discharge piston 9 synchronously move, namely the liquid discharge piston 9 moves up and down in the cylinder 7, and the exhaust piston 18-1 is driven by the hard support rod 18-3 to move up and down in the pipe body.
Example 2: an in-situ soil column leaching test method.
The in-situ soil column leaching test method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a test site in a research area, shoveling 3-5 cm of surface soil, vertically pressing the bottom (about 5 cm) of the limiting frame into the soil layer, keeping the inner frame 20 and the outer frame 19 coaxial, detecting whether the inner frame 20 and the outer frame 19 are horizontal and concentric by using a level, and compacting and reinforcing the outer side of the outer frame 19; and paving a layer of gravel on the soil inside the limiting frame, and attaching scale marks on the side wall of the limiting frame. The gravel is paved to prevent the mud layer in the frame from being washed up when the constant head is injected with water, and the vertical mark is convenient to control the water head.
2) Excavating earthwork at a position which is 10-20 cm away from the outer frame 19 of the limit frame, and piling the excavated soil in layers so as to be convenient for backfilling in layers to form a pit; and horizontally excavating the side wall of the pit groove at a position 30cm away from the ground surface towards the direction of the limiting frame to form a hole groove, wherein the hole groove is positioned right below the limiting frame. A hollow three-dimensional net support 2 is placed in the hole groove, and the size and the position of the support are adjusted according to actual needs. The position corresponding to the inner frame 20 of the limiting frame in the hole groove is found through the square measurement, then the position corresponding to the central shaft of the inner frame 20 is accurately found through matching with a level, the receiving disc 1 is placed on a support of the hole groove, and the receiving disc 1 and the inner frame 20 are coaxial and are opposite.
3) Placing a liquid storage device with a sampling guide pipe 16, an exhaust pipe 18 and an inflation pipe 15 into a pit groove, wherein the liquid collection section of the liquid storage device is lower than the bottom of a receiving disc 1, the top of the liquid storage device extends out of the ground surface, a liquid outlet at the bottom end of the receiving disc 1 is communicated with a liquid inlet at the bottom end of the liquid collection section of the liquid storage device by using a connecting pipe 5, two liquid level sensors are respectively connected with a controller 13 above the ground through leads 12, then backfilling the soil excavated in the step 1) layer by layer, compacting layer by layer, and enabling the backfilled soil to be restored to the original package as far as possible.
4) The device is arranged by connecting the inflation tube 15 to the inflator 14 and the sample tube 16 to the sample bottle 17.
5) When water is injected, the double-frame inner equal water heads of the limiting frames are kept, the lateral flow of the inner frame 20 is greatly weakened due to the constraint of the outer frame 19, approximate one-dimensional vertical eluviation is realized, and the eluviation continuously falls into a receiving tray after penetrating through a soil layer;
6) the leachate which is received by the receiving disc 1 and is primarily filtered continuously enters the liquid cavity of the cylinder 7 through the connecting pipe 5, the liquid level gradually rises, and the liquid discharge piston 9 continuously moves upwards along with the increase of the leachate in the cylinder 7 (in the process, the volume of the liquid cavity gradually increases, and the volume of the gas cavity gradually decreases). At the same time as the drain piston 9 moves upwards, the rigid strut 18-3 in the exhaust tube 18 pushes the exhaust piston 18-1 upwards under the action of the drain piston 9.
7) When the liquid level in the cylinder 7 rises to a high liquid level line position, the high liquid level sensor 11 sends a signal to the controller 13, the controller 13 closes the relay, the inflator 14 is started, the gas cavity of the cylinder 7 is inflated through the inflation tube 15, the liquid discharge piston 9 starts to move downwards after receiving the gas pressure (the volume of the gas cavity is gradually increased and the volume of the liquid cavity is gradually reduced in the process), and pressure is applied to the leachate below the liquid discharge piston, so that the leachate is pressed into the sampling conduit 16 (as the one-way valve 6 is arranged on the connecting tube 5, the leachate cannot return to the receiving disc 1 and only can enter the conduit), and then enters the sampling bottle 17, and the liquid level in the cylinder 7 gradually drops. While the liquid discharge piston 9 moves downwards, the rigid support rod 18-3 drives the air discharge piston 18-1 to move downwards.
8) When the liquid level in the cylinder 7 is lowered to the low liquid level line position, the low liquid level sensor 10 sends a signal to the controller 13, the controller 13 disconnects the relay, and the inflator 14 is turned off. At this time, the exhaust piston 18-1 moves downwards to the expansion part 18-2, the gas in the gas cavity of the cylinder 7 begins to be discharged from the exhaust piston 18-1 at the gap between the side walls of the expansion part 18-2, the gas pressure at the upper part of the liquid discharge piston 9 is reduced, the gas moves upwards again (in the process, the volume of the liquid cavity is gradually increased, and the volume of the gas cavity is gradually reduced), and the hard support rod 18-3 and the exhaust piston 18-1 are pushed to move upwards until the exhaust piston 18-1 passes through the expansion part 18-2, and the exhaust process is finished.
9) And repeating the steps 6) -8) until the test is finished.
Claims (8)
1. An in-situ soil column leaching test device is characterized by comprising a limiting frame, a receiving disc arranged below the limiting frame, a liquid storage device communicated with the bottom of the receiving disc, a sampling bottle communicated with the bottom of the liquid storage device through a sampling conduit, an air charging device used for charging air into the liquid storage device, an air exhaust pipe used for exhausting air in the liquid storage device and a controller used for controlling the air charging device;
the limiting frame comprises an inner frame and an outer frame sleeved outside the inner frame, the inner frame and the outer frame are circular frames with the same height and are coaxially arranged, the receiving disc is positioned under the inner frame, the central axes of the receiving disc and the inner frame are collinear, and the disc opening caliber of the receiving disc is equal to the inner diameter of the inner frame;
the receiving tray is supported and arranged under the inner frame through a support, and the support is a hollow three-dimensional net rack;
the liquid storage device comprises a cylinder, a baffle plate and a liquid discharge piston which are arranged in the cylinder, and a high liquid level sensor and a low liquid level sensor which are arranged on the side wall of the cylinder and used for monitoring the liquid level in the cylinder, wherein the liquid discharge piston can reciprocate in the cylinder below the baffle plate to divide the cylinder into two parts, the upper part is a gas cavity, the lower part is a liquid cavity, and the high liquid level sensor and the low liquid level sensor are respectively and electrically connected with the controller;
the exhaust pipe comprises a pipe body, an exhaust piston and a hard support rod, the exhaust piston and the hard support rod are arranged in the pipe body, the bottom of the pipe body penetrates through the baffle plate and is inserted into the gas cavity, an expansion part is arranged on the pipe body, the exhaust piston is positioned above the expansion part and can slide in the pipe body in a reciprocating mode, the upper end of the hard support rod is connected to the exhaust piston, and the lower end of the hard support rod is connected to the liquid discharge piston;
the exhaust pipe and the inflation device are respectively communicated with the gas cavity, and the sampling conduit is communicated with the liquid cavity.
2. The in-situ soil column leaching test device according to claim 1, wherein the receiving tray comprises a funnel-shaped tray body and a filter layer arranged on the tray body, the bottom end of the tray body is communicated with the bottom of the cylinder body through a connecting pipe, and a one-way valve communicated with the cylinder body is arranged on the connecting pipe.
3. The in-situ soil column leaching test device according to claim 2, wherein the filter layer comprises a filter plate arranged at the disc opening of the disc body and a quartz sand layer arranged below the filter plate, and gauze is respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the quartz sand layer.
4. The in-situ soil column leaching test device according to claim 1, wherein the inflation device comprises an inflation tube and an inflation pump, one end of the inflation tube is connected with the inflation pump, the other end of the inflation tube penetrates through the baffle plate and extends into the gas cavity, and the inflation pump is electrically connected with the controller.
5. An in-situ soil column leaching test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) shoveling surface soil of 3-5 cm in a test area, vertically pressing the bottom of a limiting frame into a soil layer, and keeping an inner frame and an outer frame of the limiting frame coaxial and positioned on the same horizontal plane;
2) excavating earthwork beside the limit frame to form a pit, horizontally excavating on the side wall of the pit to form a hole, and positioning the hole below the limit frame; a support is arranged in the hole groove, a receiving disc is arranged on the support and is positioned right below the inner frame of the limiting frame, and the caliber of the receiving disc is consistent with the inner diameter of the inner frame;
3) putting a liquid storage device into a pit groove, wherein the liquid storage device comprises a barrel, a baffle plate and a liquid discharge piston which are arranged in the barrel, and a high liquid level sensor and a low liquid level sensor which are arranged on the side wall of the barrel and used for monitoring the liquid level in the barrel; the top of the cylinder body extends out of the earth surface, the liquid collecting section of the cylinder body is lower than the bottom end of the receiving disc, a liquid outlet at the bottom end of the receiving disc is communicated with a liquid inlet at the bottom end of the liquid collecting section by using a connecting pipe, and a one-way valve which flows to the cylinder body is arranged on the connecting pipe; the high liquid level sensor and the low liquid level sensor are respectively connected with the controller by using a lead;
4) respectively connecting the gas cavity of the cylinder with the exhaust pipe and the inflation device, and connecting the liquid cavity of the cylinder with the sampling conduit; the exhaust pipe comprises a pipe body, an exhaust piston and a hard support rod, the exhaust piston and the hard support rod are arranged in the pipe body, the bottom of the pipe body penetrates through the baffle plate and is inserted into the gas cavity, an expansion part is arranged on the pipe body, the exhaust piston is positioned above the expansion part and can slide in the pipe body in a reciprocating mode, the upper end of the hard support rod is connected to the exhaust piston, and the lower end of the hard support rod is connected to the liquid discharge piston; backfilling the soil excavated in the step 1) layer by layer, and connecting a sampling guide pipe with a sampling bottle on the ground to finish the arrangement of the test device;
5) when water is injected, a double-frame inner equal water head of the limiting frame is kept, and the drenching solution penetrates through the soil layer and then falls into the receiving tray;
6) the drenching solution in the receiving disc flows into the liquid cavity of the cylinder body through the connecting pipe, and the liquid discharging piston moves upwards along with the increase of the drenching solution in the liquid cavity;
7) when the liquid level of the drenching solution in the cylinder body reaches a high liquid level line position, the high liquid level sensor sends a signal to the controller, the inflation device is started to inflate the gas cavity of the cylinder body, the liquid discharge piston moves downwards under pressure to press the drenching solution below the liquid discharge piston into the guide pipe and further into the sampling bottle, and the liquid level of the drenching solution in the liquid cavity gradually drops; when the liquid discharge piston moves downwards, the hard support rod drives the exhaust piston to move downwards;
8) when the liquid level of the solution sprayed in the cylinder body is reduced to a low liquid level line, the low liquid level sensor sends a signal to the controller, the inflation device is closed, at the moment, the exhaust piston of the exhaust pipe moves downwards to the expansion part, the gas in the gas cavity is discharged outwards through a gap between the exhaust piston and the side wall of the expansion part, the gas pressure at the upper part of the liquid discharge piston is reduced, the liquid discharge piston moves upwards again, the hard support rod and the exhaust piston are pushed to move upwards until the exhaust piston passes over the expansion part, and the exhaust process is finished;
9) and repeating the steps 6) -8) until the test is finished.
6. The in-situ soil column leaching test method according to claim 5, wherein the receiving tray comprises a funnel-shaped tray body and a filter layer arranged on the tray body, the bottom end of the tray body is communicated with the bottom of the cylinder body through a connecting pipe, and a one-way valve communicated with the cylinder body is arranged on the connecting pipe; the leaching solution is filtered by the filtering layer and then flows into the liquid cavity of the cylinder body through the connecting pipe.
7. The in-situ soil column leaching test method according to claim 5, wherein the inflation device comprises an inflation tube and an inflator pump, one end of the inflation tube is connected with the inflator pump, the other end of the inflation tube penetrates through the baffle plate and extends into the gas cavity, and the inflator pump is electrically connected with the controller.
8. The in-situ soil column leaching test method according to claim 5, wherein in the step 5), before water injection, gravel is paved inside the limiting frame, and the side wall of the limiting frame is immediately subjected to calibration.
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| CN113655199B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-12-05 | 长江大学 | Soil leaching in-situ monitoring test device and method capable of achieving layered sampling |
| CN113655198B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-03-15 | 长江大学 | Test device and method for testing in-situ leaching soil organic matter component change |
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