CN103792339A - Testing device and method for determining litter interception quantity - Google Patents
Testing device and method for determining litter interception quantity Download PDFInfo
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- CN103792339A CN103792339A CN201410065083.2A CN201410065083A CN103792339A CN 103792339 A CN103792339 A CN 103792339A CN 201410065083 A CN201410065083 A CN 201410065083A CN 103792339 A CN103792339 A CN 103792339A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing device and method for determining litter interception quantity. The testing device comprises a rainfall generating device, a litter placing container and a rain collecting device, wherein the rainfall generating device is an uncovered thin-wall circular bucket; a dismountable rain leaking plate is arranged at the bottom of the rainfall generating device; a controllable switch is arranged on the bucket wall of the rainfall generating device; the litter placing container is divided into two parts by a vertical partition plate; a screen is arranged at the bottom of the litter placing container; the lower end of the litter placing container is fixedly connected with the rain collecting device; a lower opening of the rain collecting device is fixedly connected with a water conveying pipe, and a support frame is arranged at the bottom of the rain collecting device. The testing method comprises the steps of gradient control, raindrop diameter and distribution control, rainfall intensity control, rainfall capacity control and rainfall duration control. When the testing device is in use, a movable bracket is rotationally regulated so that the litter placing container is slanted to be at a required angle; when water is injected into the rainfall generating device, the water level in the bucket can be controlled by opening and closing a water outlet so as to control the outflow velocity at the bottom of the bucket, and the operation is simple and clear.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of test unit and method of litter interception amount, particularly relate to a kind of research device and method that is suitable for the litter interception amount of studying the impact on different Litter Layer interceptions such as different raindrop diameters, raindrop distribution, rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, rainfall amount and the gradient.
Background technology:
Litter interception rainfall is an indispensable link of the forest ecology hydrology.Litter Layer has the earth's surface of increasing roughness, reduces the effect of flow velocity, has increased the hold-up time of runoff on earth's surface, thereby has reduced rainwash, has increased time milliosmolarity, affects soil erosion and groundwater condition; In addition, Litter Layer can cut holds a large amount of precipitation, cuts the final soil that infiltrates of a precipitation part of holding, and another part is evaporated in air, is wherein evaporated to that airborne this part is fairly obvious to the reallocation effect of precipitation.Litter Layer participates in the circulation of forest ecosystem matter and energy, and the research of forest ecosystem Litter Layer rainfall interception is had great importance for hydrologic process and the Characteristics and Water Conservation Function of illustrating forest ecosystem.
Summary of the invention:
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: test unit and method that a kind of litter interception amount is provided, be suitable for studying the impact on different Litter Layer interceptions such as different precipitation key element, the gradient, each variable be can accurately control, experimental data and conclusion comparatively comprehensively and accurately drawn.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes for technical solution problem is:
A kind of test unit of litter interception amount, comprise that rainfall generating means, litter hold ware and collection rain device, the top that described litter holds ware is provided with rainfall generating means, described litter holds ware bottom for screen cloth, and described collection rain device is suitable for reading to be had with described litter and hold the draw-in groove that ware matches.
Described rainfall generating means is uncovered thin-walled drum, and bucket wall differing heights place is provided with the water delivering orifice of several controllable switch; Described rainfall generating means bottom is dismountable roof leaking plate, and wherein small opening size, density can be installed according to requirement of experiment.
Described litter holds ware and has slightly larger in diameter and hold in described litter the lid of ware; Described litter holds ware and the large and not connected two halves such as is divided into by vertical clapboard; Described screen cloth is wire mesh screen, pore size so that water infiltrate be as the criterion.
The described funnel structure of rain device as upper and lower opening that integrate, holds the half close proximity of ware at collection rain device each and litter suitable for reading, collection rain device end opening is laterally provided with filter screen, collects rain device end opening and is connected with water-supply-pipe.
Described collection rain bottom of device is provided with three above travel(l)ing rests, and one end of travel(l)ing rest is provided with external thread, and collection rain bottom of device is provided with nut, and travel(l)ing rest and collection rain device screw connection.
Adopt the test unit of litter interception amount recited above to carry out the test method of litter interception amount, comprise the following steps:
1. slope control: regulate travel(l)ing rest by rotation, make litter hold ware and tilt to required angle thereupon;
2. raindrop diameter and the control that distributes: select roof leaking plate according to required raindrop diameter and raindrop distribution, be arranged on rainfall generating means bottom;
3. litter is placed in to litter and holds a side of ware, opposite side does blank experiment, and builds lid;
4. rainfall intensity control: fetch boiling water tap or water pump are to precipitation generating means) in water filling, by opening and closing water delivering orifice (2) to control a barrel middle water level, and then control bucket and go out flow velocity in an end;
5. after precipitation generating means (1) middle water level is stable, take away litter and hold the lid of ware (5), start timing, water-supply-pipe (9) is connected with rain gage simultaneously, measure respectively throughfall and rainfall amount;
6. rainfall amount control: the rainfall amount using the water yield collected blank as this experiment;
7. rainfall duration is controlled: in the time testing to required time, stop timing, cover litter and hold the lid of ware (5), stop rainfall;
8. experiment finishes, and closed tap or water pump read rain gage registration in the time that screen cloth (6) no longer drips, and the difference of two rain gage readings is this experiment litter interception amount.
Positive beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, the present invention regulates travel(l)ing rest by rotation, makes litter hold ware and tilts to required angle thereupon, simple in structure, easy to use.
2,, litter holds ware and the large and not connected two halves such as is divided into by vertical clapboard in the present invention, in the time of experiment, litter is placed in to litter and holds a side of ware, opposite side can do blank, simple and clear.
3, the present invention, in precipitation generating means when water filling, can control a barrel middle water level by opening and closing water delivering orifice, and then controls a bucket end and go out flow velocity, simple to operate, clear.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated:
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of test unit of litter interception amount, comprise that rainfall generating means 1, litter hold ware 5 and collection rain device 8, the top that litter holds ware 5 is provided with rainfall generating means 1, it is screen cloth 6 that litter holds ware 5 bottoms, and collection rain device 8 is suitable for reading to be had with described litter and hold the draw-in groove that ware 5 matches; Described rainfall generating means 1 is uncovered thin-walled drum, and bucket wall differing heights place is provided with the water delivering orifice 2 of several controllable switch; Described rainfall generating means 1 bottom is dismountable roof leaking plate 4, and wherein small opening size, density can be installed according to requirement of experiment; Described litter holds ware 5 and has slightly larger in diameter and hold in described litter the lid of ware 5; Described litter holds ware 5 and the large and not connected two halves such as is divided into by vertical clapboard 7; Described screen cloth 6 is wire mesh screen, pore size so that water infiltrate be as the criterion; The described funnel structure of rain device 8 as upper and lower opening that integrate, holds the half close proximity of ware 5, collection rain device 8 at collection rain device 8 each and litter suitable for reading) end opening is laterally provided with filter screen, and collect rain device 8 end openings and be connected with water-supply-pipe 9; Described collection rain bottom of device is provided with three above travel(l)ing rests 10, and one end of travel(l)ing rest 10 is provided with external thread, and collection rain device 8 bottoms are provided with nut, and travel(l)ing rest 10 and collection rain device 8 screw connection.
Method is studied carefully in the test that adopts the test unit of litter interception amount above to carry out litter interception amount, comprises the following steps:
1. slope control: regulate travel(l)ing rest 10 by rotation, make litter hold ware 5 and tilt to required angle thereupon;
2. raindrop diameter and the control that distributes: select roof leaking plate 4 according to required raindrop diameter and raindrop distribution, be arranged on rainfall generating means 1 bottom;
3. litter is placed in to litter and holds a side of ware 5, opposite side does blank experiment, and builds lid;
4. rainfall intensity control: fetch boiling water tap or water pump be to water filling in precipitation generating means 1, by opening and closing water delivering orifice 2 to control a bucket middle water level, and then controls a bucket end and goes out flow velocity;
5. after precipitation generating means 1 middle water level is stable, take away litter and hold the lid of ware 5, start timing, water-supply-pipe 9 is connected with rain gage simultaneously, measure respectively throughfall and rainfall amount;
6. rainfall amount control: the rainfall amount using the water yield collected blank as this experiment;
7. rainfall duration is controlled: in the time testing to required time, stop timing, cover litter and hold the lid of ware 5, stop rainfall;
8. experiment finishes, and closed tap or water pump read rain gage registration in the time that screen cloth 6 no longer drips, and the difference of two rain gage readings is this experiment litter interception amount.
The present invention is simple in structure, easy to use, regulates travel(l)ing rest by rotation, makes litter hold ware and tilts to required angle thereupon, in precipitation generating means when water filling, can control a barrel middle water level by opening and closing water delivering orifice, and then controls a bucket end and go out to flow flow velocity; Experimentation is simple to operate, clear.
Claims (6)
1. the test unit of a litter interception amount, comprise that rainfall generating means (1), litter hold ware (5) and collection rain device (8), it is characterized in that: described litter holds ware (5) top and is provided with rainfall generating means (1), described litter holds ware (5) bottom for screen cloth (6), and described collection rain device (8) is suitable for reading to be had with described litter and hold the draw-in groove that ware (5) matches.
2. the test unit of litter interception amount according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described rainfall generating means (1) is uncovered thin-walled drum, and bucket wall differing heights place is provided with the water delivering orifice (2) of several controllable switch; Described rainfall generating means (1) bottom is dismountable roof leaking plate (4), and its small opening size, density can be installed according to requirement of experiment.
3. the test unit of litter interception amount according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described litter holds ware (5) and have slightly larger in diameter and hold in described litter the lid of ware (5); Described litter holds ware (5) and the large and not connected two halves such as is divided into by vertical clapboard (7); Described screen cloth (6) is wire mesh screen, pore size so that water infiltrate be as the criterion.
4. the test unit of litter interception amount according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described funnel structure of rain device (8) as upper and lower opening that integrate, closely be connected in collection rain device (8) half that holds ware (5) with litter respectively suitable for reading, laterally be provided with filter screen at collection rain device (8) end opening, collection rain device (8) end opening is connected with water-supply-pipe (9).
5. the test unit of litter interception amount according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described collection rain device (8) bottom is provided with three above travel(l)ing rests (10), one end of travel(l)ing rest (10) is provided with external thread, collection rain device (8) bottom is provided with nut, and travel(l)ing rest (10) and collection rain device (8) screw connection.
6. the test unit of the litter interception amount described in employing claim 1～5 any one carries out the test method of litter interception amount, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1. slope control: regulate travel(l)ing rest (10) by rotation, make litter hold ware (5) and tilt to required angle thereupon;
2. raindrop diameter and the control that distributes: select roof leaking plates (4) according to required raindrop diameter and raindrop distribution, be arranged on rainfall generating means (1) bottom;
3. litter is placed in to litter and holds a side of ware (5), opposite side does blank experiment, and builds lid;
4. rainfall intensity control: fetch boiling water tap or water pump be to water filling in precipitation generating means (1), by opening and closing water delivering orifice (2) to control a barrel middle water level, and then controls a bucket end and goes out flow velocity;
5. after precipitation generating means (1) middle water level is stable, take away litter and hold the lid of ware (5), start timing, water-supply-pipe (9) is connected with rain gage simultaneously, measure respectively throughfall and rainfall amount;
6. rainfall amount control: the rainfall amount using the water yield collected blank as this experiment;
7. rainfall duration is controlled: in the time testing to required time, stop timing, cover litter and hold the lid of ware (5), stop rainfall;
8. experiment finishes, and closed tap or water pump read rain gage registration in the time that screen cloth (6) no longer drips, and the difference of two rain gage readings is this experiment litter interception amount.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410065083.2A CN103792339A (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2014-02-26 | Testing device and method for determining litter interception quantity |
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| CN201410065083.2A CN103792339A (en) | 2014-02-26 | 2014-02-26 | Testing device and method for determining litter interception quantity |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104226391A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2014-12-24 | 北京林业大学 | Litter decomposer |
| CN104375218A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-02-25 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | High-volume rain gauge |
| CN104375220A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-02-25 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | Rainwater collector with primary filtering function |
| CN105549123A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-05-04 | 重庆多邦科技股份有限公司 | Pluviometer |
| CN107132343A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-05 | 北京林业大学 | One kind is used for the domatic dynamic measurement apparatus of the Litter Layer hydrology of simulating forest |
| CN107991213A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-05-04 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of computational methods of litter rainfall interception amount |
| CN110934008A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-03-31 | 青海畜牧兽医职业技术学院 | Vegetation and litter cut off water test device |
| CN111443183A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-07-24 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Portable slope runoff water and sand collecting groove |
-
2014
- 2014-02-26 CN CN201410065083.2A patent/CN103792339A/en active Pending
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104226391A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2014-12-24 | 北京林业大学 | Litter decomposer |
| CN104375218A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-02-25 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | High-volume rain gauge |
| CN104375220A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-02-25 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | Rainwater collector with primary filtering function |
| CN104375220B (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-09-21 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | A kind of rainfall catcher of band primary filter function |
| CN104375218B (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2017-06-13 | 无锡信大气象传感网科技有限公司 | A kind of volume shape rainfall gauge high |
| CN105549123A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-05-04 | 重庆多邦科技股份有限公司 | Pluviometer |
| CN107132343A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-05 | 北京林业大学 | One kind is used for the domatic dynamic measurement apparatus of the Litter Layer hydrology of simulating forest |
| CN107991213A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-05-04 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of computational methods of litter rainfall interception amount |
| CN107991213B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-06-12 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Calculation method for rainfall interception amount of dry branch and fallen leaf layer |
| CN110934008A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-03-31 | 青海畜牧兽医职业技术学院 | Vegetation and litter cut off water test device |
| CN111443183A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-07-24 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | Portable slope runoff water and sand collecting groove |
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