CN113655198B - Test device and method for testing in-situ leaching soil organic matter component change - Google Patents
Test device and method for testing in-situ leaching soil organic matter component change Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 239
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a method for testing the component change of in-situ leaching soil organic matters, wherein the device comprises at least two water collecting pieces, a water supply mechanism, a sampling mechanism and a test mechanism; each water collecting piece comprises an outer ring and an inner ring. The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: the soil layers below the inner rings are sampled through the sampling mechanism, on one hand, different depths on the section of the vertical plane of the soil can be sampled to analyze the change rule of organic matter composition along with leaching time at different depths, on the other hand, as the soil samples are selected for organic matter composition measurement in the experiment, the composition of the organic matters in the soil can be measured more accurately relative to the determination of the percolate, in addition, each water collecting piece in the scheme represents a group of parallel experiments, and each water collecting piece supplies water at the same time with the same water head, so that the difference of test conditions of each group of parallel experiments can be reduced, and the reliability of the test results is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil detection, in particular to a test device and a method for testing the component change of organic matters in situ leaching soil.
Background
Soil is an essential element of a land ecological system, is a material foundation on which human beings depend to survive, and the soil environment condition is directly related to ecological safety and agricultural product safety.
The change of soil organic matters under the action of irrigation and rainfall leaching has an important influence on soil ecology. In-situ experimental research on soil organic matter change under the action of leaching is rare, and the only method to be searched is to embed a device for collecting leachate in a soil layer, collect the leachate and measure the content of soluble organic matter (DOM) in the leachate during the experiment (such as Chinese patent application No. CN 201910190137.0). According to the method, the change of the organic matter component of the soil is indirectly reflected through the DOM content in the soil percolate, however, the DOM in the percolate represents the reduction amount of the organic matter of the whole section of the filtered soil column, and the requirement for explaining the change of the organic matter on the vertical surface space position of the soil cannot be met.
Meanwhile, in the method, larger errors exist in the measurement of the composition components of the soluble organic matters (DOM) in the leachate, so that the reliability of an experimental result is poor. This is because the current method of measuring organic components is a fluorescence method, but because of its high sensitivity and selectivity, fluorescence analysis is easily affected by the environment (such as solvent, temperature, pH, etc.), and when the fluorescent substance is in a liquid matrix, it is much more affected than when it is in a solid matrix.
When fluorescent substance molecules are in liquid, the fluorescent substance moves smoothly, and special chemical actions, such as hydrogen bond generation and coordination actions, can easily occur between the fluorescent substance molecules and solvent molecules; meanwhile, when the temperature is increased, the solution viscosity is reduced, the kinetic energy of the solvent and solute molecules is increased, so that the collision probability between fluorescent molecules and other molecules is increased, and excited fluorescent molecules return to a ground state in a non-fluorescent emission mode through intermolecular collision or transfer of energy in the molecules, thereby causing fluorescence quenching and reducing the quantum yield; meanwhile, when the fluorescent material is in different pH environments, the excited state and the ground state undergo proton transfer reaction to generate ionic bodies, so that the fluorescent material has two different bodies of molecules and ionic bodies. For fluorescence properties, molecules and ionic bodies of weak acids and weak bases have their own special spectra and fluorescence quantum yields, so that the fluorescence spectra show significant differences; meanwhile, when the fluorescent substance is in a solution state, under the irradiation of strong ultraviolet and even visible radiation, certain fluorescent compounds can be damaged due to photochemical change (such as photolysis), and as a result, a measurement signal of the fluorescent intensity is gradually weakened along with the prolongation of illumination time, and the fluorescent substance is particularly serious in the case of a dilute solution.
However, when the fluorescent substance is adsorbed by the solid matrix or embedded inside the solid matrix or confined in a certain small space, the rigidity of the structure thereof is also increased, the movement of the fluorescent molecules is somewhat restricted, the isolation also weakens the interaction between the fluorescent molecules, and the rigid structure prevents unnecessary reactions from occurring even when the temperature, pH, or the like is changed. In addition, the solid matrix is inert in photochemistry, has very stable optical property and better thermal stability.
Therefore, in the method, a large error exists in measuring the composition components of the soluble organic matters (DOM) in the leachate, so that the reliability of an experimental result is low.
In addition, in the method, in order to reflect the change relation of the composition of the soluble organic matters along with the leaching time, multiple tests are needed, however, as the test conditions (such as water injection process) in each test can change, the finally obtained change of the composition of the soluble organic matters is not only influenced by the leaching time, but also influenced by different test conditions, so that the reliability of the test results is lower.
In summary, the existing in-situ experimental study on the change of the organic matters in the soil under the leaching effect cannot meet the requirement for explaining the change of the organic matters in the vertical space position of the soil, and the experimental result has lower reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a test device and a method for testing the composition change of organic matters in-situ leaching soil, so as to solve the technical problems that the conventional in-situ test device and method for testing the change of organic matters in soil under the leaching effect cannot meet the requirement of explanation of the change of organic matters in the vertical space position of the soil and the reliability of results is lower.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a test device for testing the component change of organic matters in situ leaching soil, which comprises at least two water collecting pieces, a water supply mechanism, a sampling mechanism and a test mechanism;
each water collecting piece comprises an outer ring and an inner ring, both ends of each outer ring and each inner ring are opened and are buckled on the upper surface of the soil layer, the inner rings are coaxially arranged in the outer rings, an inner water storage cavity is formed in the inner rings, and an outer water storage cavity is formed between the inner rings and the outer rings;
the outlet of the water supply mechanism is communicated with the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting piece;
the sampling mechanism is used for sampling the soil layer below each inner ring to obtain a plurality of soil samples;
the testing mechanism is used for testing the organic matter composition of each soil sample.
The invention also provides a method for testing the change of the organic matter composition of the in-situ leaching soil, which comprises the following steps:
sampling each layering of the soil layer to be studied to obtain a first soil sample of each layering;
building the test device for testing the in-situ leaching soil organic matter component change on the soil layer to be researched;
water is introduced into the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting piece through the water supply mechanism, and the water level heights in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting piece are equal;
sampling each layering of the soil layer below each inner ring sequentially through a sampling mechanism at intervals of preset time to obtain a plurality of second soil samples;
and testing the organic matter composition of each first soil sample and each second soil sample through the testing mechanism so as to obtain the change rule of the organic matter composition of the soil layer to be researched along with leaching time.
Preferably, the water supply mechanism comprises a constant pressure bottle, a plurality of first connecting pipes and a plurality of second connecting pipes; the quantity of the first connecting pipes is the same as that of the water collecting pieces and corresponds to the quantity of the water collecting pieces one by one, one end of each first connecting pipe is communicated with the outlet of the constant pressure bottle, the other end of each first connecting pipe is communicated with the corresponding inner water storage cavity, and each first connecting pipe is provided with a first water valve; the quantity of the second connecting pipes is the same as the quantity of the water collecting pieces and corresponds to the quantity of the water collecting pieces one by one, one end of each second connecting pipe is communicated with an outlet of the constant pressure bottle, the other end of each second connecting pipe is communicated with the corresponding outer water storage cavity, and each second connecting pipe is provided with a second water valve.
Preferably, the water supply mechanism further comprises a third connecting pipe, and the third connecting pipe is communicated with each inner water storage cavity.
Preferably, the water supply mechanism further comprises a fourth connecting pipe, and the fourth connecting pipe is communicated with each outer water storage cavity.
Preferably, the constant pressure bottle is located at a central position of each of the water collecting pieces.
Preferably, the constant pressure bottle comprises a bottle body, a plug body, an exhaust pipe, an exhaust valve and an air inlet pipe, wherein the bottle body is provided with a closed accommodating cavity, a bottle opening communicated with the accommodating cavity is formed in the bottle body, the plug body is plugged in the bottle opening, a first through hole and a second through hole are formed in the plug body, the exhaust pipe is sealed and inserted in the first through hole, the exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe, and the air inlet pipe is sealed and inserted in the second through hole in a sliding mode.
Preferably, the water supply mechanism further comprises a storage table and a level, wherein the constant-pressure bottle is placed on the storage table, and the level is arranged on the storage table.
Preferably, the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting piece are respectively paved with a first gravel layer and a second gravel layer.
Preferably, a first scale and a second scale are respectively arranged in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting piece.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: the soil layers below the inner rings are sampled through the sampling mechanism, on one hand, different depths on the section of the vertical plane of the soil can be sampled to analyze the change rule of organic matter composition along with leaching time at different depths, on the other hand, as the soil samples are selected for organic matter composition measurement in the experiment, the composition of the organic matters in the soil can be measured more accurately relative to the determination of the percolate, in addition, each water collecting piece in the scheme represents a group of parallel experiments, and each water collecting piece supplies water at the same time with the same water head, so that the difference of test conditions of each group of parallel experiments can be reduced, and the reliability of the test results is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a test apparatus for testing in-situ leaching of organic matter component changes provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the constant pressure bottle of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing fluorescent composition of soil samples prior to various depth layer experiments in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plot of fluorescent components of soil samples at the end of each depth layer experiment in the embodiment of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a plot of fluorescence concentration of humus-like components of the first layer soil sample as a function of pore volume for the example of FIG. 4;
in the figure: 1-water collecting piece, 2-water supply mechanism, 11-outer loop, 12-inner loop, 21-constant pressure bottle, 211-bottle, 212-plug, 213-blast pipe, 214-discharge valve, 215-intake pipe, 22-first connecting pipe, 23-second connecting pipe, 24-third connecting pipe, 25-fourth connecting pipe, 26-placing table.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of a test device for testing in-situ leaching soil organic matter component change provided by the invention includes at least two water collecting pieces 1, a water supply mechanism 2, a sampling mechanism and a testing mechanism.
Each water collecting piece 1 comprises an outer ring 11 and an inner ring 12, the outer ring 11 and the inner ring 12 are opened at two ends and are buckled on the upper surface of a soil layer, the inner ring 12 is coaxially arranged in the outer ring 11, an inner water storage cavity is formed in the inner ring 12, and an outer water storage cavity is formed between the inner ring 12 and the outer ring 11. The reason for designing the water collecting piece 1 into a double-collar structure is that: meanwhile, clean water is injected into the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity, and the liquid levels in the two cavities are at the same level, so that the two cavities are not mutually permeated by leaching water downwards, the water in the outer water storage cavity can be considered to be only consumed in lateral diffusion, the water consumed in the inner water storage cavity is mainly consumed in vertical permeation, and one-dimensional vertical permeation can be simulated in soil below the inner water storage cavity. Whether the liquid levels in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity are consistent or not is a key point of success of the whole test, and if the liquid level of the inner water storage cavity is higher than that of the outer water storage cavity, part of water in the inner water storage cavity participates in the permeation process of the outer water storage cavity; if the liquid level of the inner water storage cavity is lower than that of the outer water storage cavity, part of water in the outer water storage cavity can permeate inwards, and in both cases, one-dimensional vertical permeation cannot be simulated in soil below the inner water storage cavity.
The outlet of the water supply mechanism 2 is communicated with the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting piece 1.
The sampling mechanism is used for sampling soil layers below the inner rings to obtain a plurality of soil samples. In this embodiment, the sampling mechanism is a shovel, and the soil in the soil layer is dug up by the shovel.
The testing mechanism is used for testing the organic matter composition of each soil sample, and in the embodiment, the testing mechanism is a fluorescence spectrum analyzer.
In order to implement the function of the water supply mechanism 2, referring to fig. 1 and 2, in a preferred embodiment, the water supply mechanism 2 includes a constant pressure bottle 21, a plurality of first connection pipes 22 and a plurality of second connection pipes 23; the number of the first connecting pipes 22 is the same as that of the water collecting pieces 1 and corresponds to one another, one end of each first connecting pipe 22 is communicated with the outlet of the constant-pressure bottle 21, the other end of each first connecting pipe 22 is communicated with the corresponding inner water storage cavity, each first connecting pipe 22 is provided with a first water valve, and the first water valve is used for controlling the on-off of the first connecting pipe 22; the number of the second connecting pipes 23 is the same as that of the water collecting pieces 1 and corresponds to the number of the water collecting pieces one by one, one end of each second connecting pipe 23 is communicated with the outlet of the constant pressure bottle 21, the other end of each second connecting pipe 23 is communicated with the corresponding outer water storage cavity, each second connecting pipe 23 is provided with a second water valve, and the second water valve is used for controlling the on-off of the second connecting pipe 23.
In order to equalize the water levels in the inner water storage cavities of the respective water collecting members 1, referring to fig. 1 and 2, in a preferred embodiment, the water supply mechanism 2 further includes a third connecting pipe 24, and the third connecting pipe 24 is communicated with each of the inner water storage cavities, so that the water levels in the inner water storage cavities of the respective water collecting members 1 are equalized according to the principle of communicating vessels, so as to meet the requirement of parallel experiments.
In order to equalize the water levels in the outer water storage cavities of the water collecting members 1, referring to fig. 1 and 2, in a preferred embodiment, the water supply mechanism 2 further includes a fourth connecting pipe 25, and the fourth connecting pipe 25 is communicated with each outer water storage cavity, so that the water levels in the outer water storage cavities of the water collecting members 1 are equalized according to the principle of communicating vessels, so as to meet the requirement of parallel experiments.
In order to avoid the influence of the placement position of the constant pressure bottle 21 on the experimental result, please refer to fig. 1 and 2, in a preferred embodiment, the constant pressure bottle 21 is located at the center of each water collecting member 1, so that on one hand, the compaction effect of the constant pressure bottle 21 on the soil body on one side is avoided, and the porosity of the soil layer on the side is reduced to influence the accuracy of the experimental result; on the other hand, the risk of the first connecting pipe 22 and the second connecting pipe 23 being too long to be deviated from one side is reduced.
In order to specifically realize the function of the constant pressure bottle 21, referring to fig. 3, in a preferred embodiment, the constant pressure bottle 21 includes a bottle body 211, a plug body 212, an exhaust pipe 213, an exhaust valve 214 and an air inlet pipe 215, wherein the bottle body 211 has a sealed accommodating cavity, a bottle mouth communicated with the accommodating cavity is formed on the bottle body 211, a plurality of outlets connected with each first connecting pipe 22 or each second connecting pipe 23 are further formed at the lower end of the bottle body 211, the plug body 212 is plugged into the bottle mouth, a first through hole and a second through hole are formed on the plug body 212, the exhaust pipe 213 is hermetically inserted into the first through hole, the exhaust valve 214 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 213, the air inlet pipe 215 is hermetically inserted into the second through hole in a sliding manner, and when the water surfaces in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity are lower than the bottom end of the air inlet pipe 215 of the constant pressure bottle 21, the air pressure at the bottom end of the air inlet pipe 215 is lower than the air in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity, and the water in the bottle 211 enters the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity through each outlet; along with the water replenishing, the water surfaces in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity gradually rise, when the water surfaces rise to be level with the bottom end of the air inlet pipe 215, the constant pressure bottle 21 stops replenishing water, and at the moment, the bottom air pressure of the air inlet pipe 215 is equal to the air pressure of the water surfaces in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity, and the balance state is achieved. Therefore, the purpose of constant water head water supplementing can be achieved through the constant pressure bottle 21, when the water level height in each inner water storage cavity and each outer water storage cavity is required to be adjusted, only the height of the bottom end of the air inlet pipe 215 is required to be adjusted, so that in the embodiment, as the two constant pressure bottles 21 are used, the water level heights in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity can be equal only by enabling the heights of the bottom ends of the air inlet pipes 215 of the two constant pressure bottles 21 to be equal.
In order to facilitate placement of the constant pressure bottle 21, referring to fig. 1 and 2, in a preferred embodiment, the water supply mechanism 2 further includes a placement table 26 and a level, the constant pressure bottle 21 is placed on the placement table 26, the level is disposed on the placement table 26, the placement table 26 is disposed, and the placement table 26 is adjusted by the level to reach a horizontal state, so that adverse effects on water head height control due to inclined placement of the constant pressure bottle 21 can be avoided.
In order to prevent the mud layer in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity from being washed up to affect the leaching process when water is injected, referring to fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment, a first gravel layer and a second gravel layer are respectively laid in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting piece 1.
In order to control and record the water head height in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity, referring to fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment, a first scale and a second scale are respectively disposed in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting member 1.
The invention also provides a method for testing the change of the organic matter composition of the in-situ leaching soil, which comprises the following steps:
sampling each layering of the soil layer to be studied to obtain a first soil sample of each layering;
building the test device for testing the in-situ leaching soil organic matter component change on the soil layer to be researched;
water is introduced into the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting piece 1 through the water supply mechanism 2, and the water level heights in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting piece 1 are equal, so that the soil layer below the inner water storage cavity of each water collecting piece 1 is approximately one-dimensional vertical penetration;
sampling each layering of the soil layer below each inner ring 12 sequentially through a sampling mechanism at intervals of preset time to obtain a plurality of second soil samples;
and testing the organic matter composition of each first soil sample and each second soil sample through the testing mechanism so as to obtain the change rule of the organic matter composition of the soil layer to be researched along with leaching time.
According to the invention, each layering of the soil layer below each inner ring is sampled through the sampling mechanism, on one hand, different depths on the section of the vertical plane of the soil can be sampled to analyze the change rule of organic matter composition at different depths along with leaching time, on the other hand, as the soil sample is selected for organic matter composition determination in the experiment, the composition of the organic matter in the soil can be more accurately determined relative to the determination by using percolate, in addition, each water collecting piece 1 in the scheme represents a group of parallel experiments, each water collecting piece 1 is simultaneously supplied with water at the same time, the difference of test conditions of each group of parallel experiments can be reduced, and the reliability of test results is improved.
The steps of the method for testing the organic matter component change of in situ leaching soil provided by the invention are described in detail below by way of a specific example.
(1) Selecting a test site: and in the early stage, a quincuncial point distribution method is adopted to carry out drilling sampling investigation on a research area through a Luoyang shovel, and a test site with uniform soil layer distribution in the field is selected in the research area according to the lithology characteristics of soil particles in the vertical direction.
(2) Digging a central pit: and excavating pits to form four sections on the selected test sites, and analyzing and confirming whether the soil of the four sections meets the condition of soil layer homogeneous distribution. And (3) collecting initial samples of four section layering samples (3-4 layers of soil samples can be collected) sequentially from bottom to top on the premise of not damaging the sections, and then repairing and leveling the four sections.
(3) Four water collection pieces 1 are arranged: the soil surface of one side of each of the four sections 12 is shoveled at a position (30 cm for example) with a consistent distance from the section to float soil on the surface layer of 1-3 cm for leveling, the bottoms of the outer ring 11 and the inner ring 12 are vertically pressed into a soil layer, the soil layer is deep about 10cm, and the outer side of the outer ring 11 is compacted and reinforced; a layer of gravel is paved on the inner soil of the outer ring 11 and the inner ring 12, scale marks are stuck on the side walls of the outer ring 11 and the inner ring 12, the gravel is paved for preventing a mud layer from being punched when water is injected into a fixed water head, and the standing marks are used for facilitating control and recording of the water head.
(4) Siphon synchronous water supply with equal water head: after the four-directional water collecting piece 1 is arranged, a placing table 26 is arranged in the pit, and the placing table 26 is leveled by a level gauge arranged on the placing table 26. Two constant pressure bottles 21 are placed on the placement table 26. Two constant pressure bottles 21 are used for supplying water to the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity respectively. Simultaneously, all inner water storage cavities are communicated through a third connecting pipe 24, and all outer water storage cavities are communicated through a fourth connecting pipe 25, so that the water levels of the inner water storage cavities and the outer water storage cavities of the four water collecting pieces 1 are always kept consistent, and four parallel tests with identical test conditions are formed. After water injection, leaching liquid is leached from top to bottom on the soil layer.
(5) Sampling at time intervals: after a period of time, the leaching is carried out on the material at the time AAfter the water in the inner water storage cavity and the water in the outer water storage cavity of the water collecting piece 1 completely infiltrates into the soil layer, collecting the layered soil sample from the soil layer below the inner ring 12, if the leaching layer of the test soil column is 40cm, collecting the sample once every 10cm, collecting 4 layers in total, filling the collected sample into a sample bag, and marking the information of sampling number, time, sampling depth and the like on the sample bag. The water supply stopping and sample collecting work are carried out on the rest water collecting piece 1 at the moment B, the moment C and the moment D by the same method, and because four leaching soil layers are nearly identical before the test, the four section soil samples obtained in the way can be regarded as representing the vertical soil properties of the same soil at four different leaching time points. The porosity n of the soil layer was determined to be 41% according to indoor experiments, and if the diameter of the inner ring 12 was 20cm and the thickness of the leaching layer was 40cm, then 1 pore volume 1Vv was approximately equal to 5150ml. Setting the seepage coefficient K of the soil in the research area to be 6 multiplied by 10 -7 ～6×10 -6 m/s, 3X 10 -6 m/s, the diameter of the inner ring 12 is 20cm, assuming that the constant head test complies with darcy's law in laminar flow, according to q=kia (m 3 S), v=qt calculated, q= 0.0942cm 3 And/s, then 1 pore volume 5150ml requires a leaching time of about 15 hours. Then, in ideal cases, after 15 hours, the test soil column is considered to reach a saturated state, after that, sampling is performed at the corresponding time A after passing through 0.3 pore volumes Vv (namely 4.5 hours), and after that, water supply stopping and sampling of the remaining parallel tests are performed at 1.5Vv, 3Vv and 5Vv (namely 22.5 hours, 45 hours and 75 hours) respectively. The parallel test stopped at the moment B adopts a scheme of the parallel test far from the moment A, so that the subsequent leaching is prevented from laterally communicating each parallel test.
(6) And (3) soil fluorescence analysis: after the test is completed, there will be 5 sets of samples including the initial sample, the time a sample, the time B sample, the time C sample, and the time D sample, and there will be 4 stratified samples per set. All samples were naturally dried, and then three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of soil samples was performed after passing through a 200 mesh standard nylon plug.
Soil fluorescence test and analysis: each sample is uniformly mixed and then divided into two parts, wherein one part is used as an organic matter sample for testing; the other part was burned at a high temperature of 700 ℃ for 2 hours as a blank sample for testing. After all samples are tested, three-dimensional fluorescence spectra EEMs of a plurality of samples form a three-dimensional data set, and a parallel factor analysis method (Parallel factoranalysis, PARAFAC) is adopted to identify various fluorescent components contained in the EEMs of the samples and the proportion of the components in the EEMs of the samples on a matlab analysis platform. By analyzing each fluorescent component of the organic matter, the migration and change rule of the components along with the prolongation of leaching time can be obtained. The experimental results are shown in fig. 4-6, wherein fig. 4 shows the fluorescent components of the soil sample before each depth layer experiment, fig. 5 shows the fluorescent components of the soil sample at the end of each depth layer experiment, fig. 4 and 5 show that the shallow organic matter components (especially humus) have an increasing trend along with leaching, the deep organic matter components have a weakening trend along with leaching, and fig. 6 shows the change relation of the fluorescent concentration of the humus components of the first layer soil sample along with the pore volume.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The test method for testing the organic matter component change of the in-situ leaching soil is characterized in that a test device for testing the organic matter component change of the in-situ leaching soil, which corresponds to the method, comprises at least two water collecting pieces, a water supply mechanism, a sampling mechanism and a test mechanism;
each water collecting piece comprises an outer ring and an inner ring, both ends of each outer ring and each inner ring are opened and are buckled on the upper surface of the soil layer, the inner rings are coaxially arranged in the outer rings, an inner water storage cavity is formed in the inner rings, and an outer water storage cavity is formed between the inner rings and the outer rings;
the outlet of the water supply mechanism is communicated with the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting piece;
the sampling mechanism is used for sampling the soil layer below each inner ring to obtain a plurality of soil samples;
the testing mechanism is used for testing the organic matter composition of each soil sample;
the method for testing the change of the organic matter composition of the in-situ leaching soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a test site;
(2) Digging a central pit: digging pit slots in the selected test field to form four sections, analyzing and confirming whether soil of the four sections meets the condition of soil layer homogeneous distribution, sequentially collecting initial samples of layered samples of the four sections from bottom to top on the premise of not damaging the sections, and repairing and leveling the four sections;
(3) Four water collecting pieces are arranged: respectively shoveling surface layer floating soil on the soil surface of one side of each of the four sections at the position with the same distance from the sections so as to be flat, and vertically pressing the bottoms of the outer ring and the inner ring into the soil layer;
(4) Siphon synchronous water supply with equal water head: after the four water collecting parts are arranged, arranging a storage table in the pit slot, placing two constant-pressure bottles on the storage table, wherein the two constant-pressure bottles are respectively used for supplying water to the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity, all the inner water storage cavities are communicated through a third connecting pipe, all the outer water storage cavities are communicated through a fourth connecting pipe, so that four parallel tests with identical test conditions are formed, and leaching liquid is leached from top to bottom after water is injected;
(5) Sampling at time intervals: stopping water supply to one of the water collecting pieces at the moment A after a period of leaching, and after the water in the inner water storage cavity and the water in the outer water storage cavity of the water collecting piece completely infiltrate into the soil layer, collecting a layered soil sample from the soil layer below the inner ring, and stopping water supply and sample collection to the rest water collecting pieces at the moment B, the moment C and the moment D by the same method;
(6) And (3) soil fluorescence analysis: after the test is finished, 5 groups of samples including an initial sample, a time sample and a time sample are arranged, each group of samples is provided with 4 layered samples, all the samples are naturally dried, then three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum analysis is carried out on the soil samples after passing through a standard nylon plug, and the migration and change rule of the components along with the prolongation of leaching time can be obtained by analyzing each fluorescent component of organic matters.
2. The test method for testing the composition change of the organic matters in the in-situ leaching soil according to claim 1, wherein the water supply mechanism comprises a constant pressure bottle, a plurality of first connecting pipes and a plurality of second connecting pipes;
the quantity of the first connecting pipes is the same as that of the water collecting pieces and corresponds to the quantity of the water collecting pieces one by one, one end of each first connecting pipe is communicated with the outlet of the constant pressure bottle, the other end of each first connecting pipe is communicated with the corresponding inner water storage cavity, and each first connecting pipe is provided with a first water valve;
the quantity of the second connecting pipes is the same as the quantity of the water collecting pieces and corresponds to the quantity of the water collecting pieces one by one, one end of each second connecting pipe is communicated with an outlet of the constant pressure bottle, the other end of each second connecting pipe is communicated with the corresponding outer water storage cavity, and each second connecting pipe is provided with a second water valve.
3. The method for testing the composition change of organic matter in situ leaching soil according to claim 2, wherein the water supply mechanism further comprises a third connecting pipe, and the third connecting pipe is communicated with each of the inner water storage cavities.
4. The method for testing the composition change of organic matter in situ leaching soil according to claim 2, wherein the water supply mechanism further comprises a fourth connecting pipe, and the fourth connecting pipe is communicated with each of the outer water storage cavities.
5. The method for testing the composition change of organic matters in-situ leaching soil according to claim 2, wherein the constant pressure bottle is positioned at the center of each water collecting piece.
6. The method for testing the composition change of the in-situ leaching soil organic matter according to claim 2, wherein the constant-pressure bottle comprises a bottle body, a plug body, an exhaust pipe, an exhaust valve and an air inlet pipe, the bottle body is provided with a closed accommodating cavity, a bottle opening communicated with the accommodating cavity is formed in the bottle body, the plug body is plugged in the bottle opening, a first through hole and a second through hole are formed in the plug body, the exhaust pipe is inserted in the first through hole in a sealing manner, the exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe, and the air inlet pipe is inserted in the second through hole in a sliding sealing manner.
7. The method for testing the composition change of organic matters in-situ leaching soil according to claim 2, wherein the water supply mechanism further comprises a placing table and a level, the constant-pressure bottle is placed on the placing table, and the level is arranged on the placing table.
8. The method for testing the composition change of organic matters in-situ leaching soil according to claim 1, wherein a first gravel layer and a second gravel layer are respectively laid in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting piece.
9. The test method for testing the composition change of the organic matters in the in-situ leaching soil according to claim 1, wherein a first scale and a second scale are respectively arranged in the inner water storage cavity and the outer water storage cavity of each water collecting piece.
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