CN109904579A - Slot-coupled directional coupler based on integral substrate gap waveguide - Google Patents
Slot-coupled directional coupler based on integral substrate gap waveguide Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the slot-coupled directional coupler based on integral substrate gap waveguide, which includes the identical ISGW coupled waveguide of two structures, and coupled waveguide includes via layer dielectric-slab and clearance layer dielectric-slab.Via layer dielectric-slab is printed with metal ground layer on one side, and another side is printed with periodic circular metal patch and coupled microstrip line, and is equipped with metallic vias on circular metal patch and coupled microstrip line；Clearance layer dielectric-slab is printed with coupled microstrip line on one side, and another side is printed with the metal ground layer with coupling gap；The upper surface of one block gap layer dielectric-slab is closely connect with the lower surface of one block of via layer dielectric-slab, forms coupled waveguide；It is closely connected after two coupled waveguide relative rotation 180 degrees.The present invention can overcome the shortcomings of existing coupler, while realize wide bandwidth and higher isolation, have many advantages, such as easy of integration, size is small, the coefficient of coup is adjustable, wide bandwidth, high isolation and be suitable for 5G frequency range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna technical fields, orient coupling more particularly to the slot-coupled based on integral substrate gap waveguide
Clutch.
Background technique
Directional coupler is a kind of important microwave and millimeter wave device, can be used for the isolation, separation and mixing of signal, such as function
Monitoring, source output power fixed ampllitude, signal source isolation, transmission and sweep check of reflection of rate etc..The form of coupler is mainly wrapped
Include metal waveguide coupler and microstrip coupler.With the development of 5G communication system, the frequency of microwave and millimeter wave equipment is wanted
Ask higher and higher, however, traditional metal waveguide coupler structure is not easy to integrate, microstrip coupler applies the loss in high frequency
It is larger, it is limited in the application of high frequency.
Substrate integration wave-guide (Substrate Integrated Waveguide, SIW) can preferably solve metal
Waveguide coupler and microstrip coupler are applied in high frequency problem, and substrate integration wave-guide realizes wave using metallic vias in dielectric-slab
The field communication mode led, the advantages of combining both conventional waveguide and microstrip transmission line, be a kind of high performance microwave and millimeter wave
Planar circuit.However, increasing with frequency, the performance of substrate integration wave-guide can also decline.
2009, a kind of waveguiding structure being more suitable for high frequency was suggested, i.e., gap waveguide (Gap Waveguide,
GW).Gap waveguide includes double-layer structure: PEC layers and PEC/PMC layers, double-layer structure by the air gap less than 1/4 wavelength every
It opens.In PEC/PMC layers, EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap, electromagnetic field band gap) structure of high impedance is around gold
Belong to ridge, Quasi-TEM mode can be propagated along metal ridge.Gap waveguide is low-loss compared to the main advantage of other waveguides, is not required to
It is electrically connected, there is good metallic shield effect.
Currently, having devised a plurality of types of couplers based on SIW structure and gap waveguide (GW) structure.Based on SIW's
Coupled mode mainly has: 1. two SIW are arranged side by side, through hole coupling；2. two coupler cross arrangements are on single-layer medium plate；3.
Two SIW are arranged above and below in the form intersected or be overlapped, and pass through slot-coupled；4. two SIW are arranged side by side, with transmission line coupling
Form design；5. two SIW are disposed vertically, pass through slot-coupled.There are mainly two types of classes for coupler design based on gap waveguide
Type: one is the waveguide coupler based on aperture coupling theory, another kind is by coupler to conduct the form design of ridge in gap
In waveguide.But the coupler based on SIW still remains space radiation and the problem of surface wave, and gap waveguide coupler
Size it is then larger, be not suitable for integrated.
Summary of the invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing the slot-coupled directional couples based on integral substrate gap waveguide
Device can overcome the shortcomings of existing coupler, while realize wide bandwidth and higher isolation.
In order to solve the above technical problems, one technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: it provides and is based on integral substrate gap wave
The slot-coupled directional coupler led, including the identical integral substrate gap waveguide ISGW coupled waveguide of two structures, it is described
ISGW coupled waveguide includes via layer dielectric-slab (1) and clearance layer dielectric-slab (2)；The upper surface of the via layer dielectric-slab (1)
It is printed with the first metal ground layer (11), lower surface is printed with the first circle of the first coupled microstrip line (12) and periodic arrangement
Metal patch (13), the second circular metal patch (14) and third circular metal patch (15), first coupled microstrip line
(12) include first kind hexagonal transition section (121) and be connected to the straight of first kind hexagonal transition section (121) two sides
Line segment (122), second circular metal patch (14) are arranged in the two sides of the straightway (122), the round gold of the third
Belong to the two sides that patch (15) are arranged in first kind hexagonal transition section (121), first circular metal patch (13) is arranged in
Around second circular metal patch (14) and third circular metal patch (15), set on first circular metal patch (13)
Have the first metallic vias (131), second circular metal patch (14) is equipped with the second metallic vias (141), the third
Circular metal patch (15) is equipped with third metallic vias (151), first metallic vias (131), the second metallic vias
(141) and third metallic vias (151) runs through via layer dielectric-slab (1)；It prints the upper surface of the clearance layer dielectric-slab (2)
Have the second coupled microstrip line (21), lower surface is printed with the second metal ground layer (22), and second metal ground layer (22) has class
Hexagon couples gap (221), and second coupled microstrip line (21) includes the second class hexagonal transition section (211) and connection
Arc segment (212) in the second class hexagonal transition section (211) two sides, class hexagon coupling gap (221) are located at
The underface of second class hexagonal transition section (211)；Wherein, the lower surface of the via layer dielectric-slab (1) and clearance layer medium
The upper surface of plate (2) fits closely, and the first kind hexagonal transition section (121) and the second class hexagonal transition section (211)
Shape is identical and alignment is overlapped, and the straightway (122) is at least partly aligned with arc segment (212), two ISGW couplings
Waveguide rotation 180 degree after be oppositely arranged, and the second metal ground layer (22) of two ISGW coupled waveguides fit closely mutually,
Class hexagon couples gap (221) alignment and is overlapped.
Preferably, fourth metallic vias (123) of first coupled microstrip line (12) equipped with periodic arrangement, the 4th
Metallic vias (123) runs through via layer dielectric-slab (1).
Preferably, the width of the arc segment (212) position at least at one forms ladder transition.
Preferably, the four edges that the first kind hexagonal transition section (121) is connected with straightway (122) are camber line side,
Remaining side is straight line.
Preferably, first circular metal patch (13), the second circular metal patch (14) and third circular metal patch
The size of piece (15) is identical, first metallic vias (131), the second metallic vias (141), third metallic vias (151) and
The size of 4th metallic vias (123) is identical.
Preferably, the via layer dielectric-slab (1) uses the medium that dielectric constant is 0.004 for 3.48, loss angle tangent
Material, the clearance layer dielectric-slab (2) use the dielectric material that dielectric constant is 0.0009 for 2.2, loss angle tangent.
Preferably, second circular metal patch (14) is relative to the first circular metal patch (13) in arrangement period
Length direction along straightway (122) deviates first distance.
Preferably, the third circular metal patch (15) is relative to the first circular metal patch (13) in arrangement period
Width direction along straightway (122) deviates second distance.
Preferably, adjustment the second circular metal patch (14) relative to the first circular metal patch (13) deviate first away from
From to adjust return loss and isolation；Third circular metal patch (15) are adjusted relative to the first circular metal patch (13)
The second distance of offset, to adjust return loss and isolation.
Preferably, first kind hexagonal transition section (121), the second class hexagonal transition section (211) and six side of class are adjusted
Shape couples the width of gap (221), to obtain different coupling values.
It is in contrast to the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) solve the problems, such as that conventional microstrip coupler is lost in frequency applications height；
2) size is small, easy of integration, and the coefficient of coup is adjustable；
3) isolation with higher；
4) there is wider bandwidth.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the slot-coupled directional coupler based on integral substrate gap waveguide of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 2 is the perspective diagram of slot-coupled directional coupler shown in FIG. 1.
Fig. 3 is the schematic top plan view of the via layer dielectric-slab of slot-coupled directional coupler shown in FIG. 1.
Fig. 4 is the elevational schematic view of the via layer dielectric-slab of slot-coupled directional coupler shown in FIG. 1.
Fig. 5 is the schematic top plan view of the clearance layer dielectric-slab of slot-coupled directional coupler shown in FIG. 1.
Fig. 6 is the elevational schematic view of the clearance layer dielectric-slab of slot-coupled directional coupler shown in FIG. 1.
Fig. 7 is that slot-coupled directional coupler shown in FIG. 1 S parameter simulation result when coupling port decays 3dB is illustrated
Figure.
Fig. 8 is that slot-coupled directional coupler shown in FIG. 1 S parameter simulation result when coupling port decays 6dB is illustrated
Figure.
Fig. 9 is that slot-coupled directional coupler shown in FIG. 1 S parameter simulation result when coupling port decays 12dB is illustrated
Scheme
Figure 10 is that the phase difference simulation result of slot-coupled directional coupler straight-through port shown in FIG. 1 and coupling port shows
It is intended to.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that the described embodiments are merely a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Refering to fig. 1 to Fig. 6, the slot-coupled directional coupler packet based on integral substrate gap waveguide of the embodiment of the present invention
The identical ISGW coupled waveguide of two structures is included, ISGW coupled waveguide includes via layer dielectric-slab 1 and clearance layer dielectric-slab 2.
The upper surface of via layer dielectric-slab 1 is printed with the first metal ground layer 11, and lower surface is printed with the first coupled microstrip line
12 and periodic arrangement the first circular metal patch 13, the second circular metal patch 14 and third circular metal patch 15.
First coupled microstrip line 12 is including first kind hexagonal transition section 121 and is connected to 121 two sides of first kind hexagonal transition section
Straightway 122, the second circular metal patch 14 is arranged in the two sides of straightway 122, and third circular metal patch 15 is arranged in
The two sides of first kind hexagonal transition section 121, the first circular metal patch 13 are arranged in the second circular metal patch 14 and third
Around circular metal patch 15.As shown in figure 4, part A is the first circular metal patch 13 in figure, part B is second round
Metal patch 14, C portion are third circular metal patch 15.
First circular metal patch 13 is equipped with the first metallic vias 131, and the second circular metal patch 14 is equipped with second
Metallic vias 141, third circular metal patch 15 are equipped with third metallic vias 151, the first metallic vias 131, the second metal
Via hole 141 and third metallic vias 151 run through via layer dielectric-slab 1.In this way, on via layer dielectric-slab 1, the first round gold
Belong to patch 13 and the first metallic vias 131 constitutes the mushroom-shaped EBG structure of chapter 1, and passes through the first metallic vias 131 and first
Metal ground layer 11 connects；Second circular metal patch 14 and the second metallic vias 141 constitute second of mushroom-shaped EBG structure, and
It is connect by the second metallic vias 141 with the first metal ground layer 11；Third circular metal patch 15 and 151 structure of third metallic vias
It is connect at the third mushroom-shaped EBG structure, and by third metallic vias 151 with the first metal ground layer 11.Three kinds of mushroom-shaped EBG
The periodic arrangement rule of structure and the first circular metal patch 13, the second circular metal patch 14 and third circular metal patch
15 is identical.
In the present embodiment, the first coupled microstrip line 12 is equipped with the 4th metallic vias 123 of periodic arrangement, the 4th gold medal
Belong to via hole 123 and run through via layer dielectric-slab 1, and is connect with the first metal ground layer 11.Specifically, the first circular metal patch
13, the second circular metal patch 14 is identical with the size of third circular metal patch 15, the first metallic vias 131, the second metal
Via hole 141, third metallic vias 151 are identical with the size of the 4th metallic vias 123.The ruler of three kinds of mushroom-shaped EBG structures as a result,
It is very little also identical.
The upper surface of clearance layer dielectric-slab 2 is printed with the second coupled microstrip line 21, and lower surface is printed with the second metal ground layer
22, there is the second metal ground layer 22 class hexagon to couple gap 221, and the second coupled microstrip line 21 includes the second class hexagonal transition
Section 211 and it is connected to the arc segments 212 of 211 two sides of the second class hexagonal transition section, class hexagon couples gap 221 and is located at the
The underface of two class hexagonal transition sections 211.
For each ISGW coupled waveguide, the lower surface of via layer dielectric-slab 1 and the upper surface of clearance layer dielectric-slab 2 are tight
Closely connected conjunction, and first kind hexagonal transition section 121 is identical as the second class hexagonal transition 211 shapes of section and is aligned coincidence, straight line
Section 122 is at least partly aligned with arc segment 212.Since arc segment 212 can have the straight line portion that a part is approximately or equal to straight line
Point, which is aligned with straightway 122.
It is oppositely arranged after two ISGW coupled waveguide rotation 180 degrees, and the second metal ground layer of two ISGW coupled waveguides
22 fit closely mutually, the class hexagon coupling alignment of gap 221 is overlapped.As shown in Fig. 2, two ISGW coupled waveguides are connected with each other
Afterwards, the direction of the arc segment 212 on the clearance layer dielectric-slab 2 of two ISGW coupled waveguides is opposite, in this way, two ISGW couplings
Multiplex is connected with each other after leading relative rotation 180 degree, forms slot-coupled directional coupler.
In the present embodiment, the four edges that first kind hexagonal transition section 121 is connected with straightway 122 are camber line side,
Yu Bianwei straight line.By adjusting the radian on camber line side, adjustable return loss.Further, the width of arc segment 212 is extremely
Few position at one forms ladder transition, excessive by ladder, can be used to reduce return loss.As shown in figure 5, arc segment
212 form ladder transition on the width.
By selecting suitable first circular metal patch 13, the second circular metal patch 14 and third circular metal patch
15 periodic arrangement rule, can reduce return loss, while improving isolation.For example, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, second is round
Metal patch 14 relative to the first circular metal patch 13 in arrangement period along straightway 122 length direction offset first away from
From d1, third circular metal patch 15 is relative to the first circular metal patch 13 along the width of straightway 122 in arrangement period
Direction deviates second distance d2.Adjust the second circular metal patch 14 relative to the first circular metal patch 13 deviate first away from
From d1, to adjust return loss and isolation；It is inclined relative to the first circular metal patch 13 to adjust third circular metal patch 15
The second distance d2 of shifting, to adjust return loss and isolation.
Meanwhile adjusting first kind hexagonal transition section 121, the second class hexagonal transition section 211 and the coupling of class hexagon
The width in gap 221 can realize close coupling or weak coupling, to obtain different coupling values, couple including 3dB, 6dB or 12dB etc.
Value.
In a concrete application, it for 3.48, loss angle tangent is 0.004 that via layer dielectric-slab 1, which uses dielectric constant,
Dielectric material, clearance layer dielectric-slab 2 use the dielectric material that dielectric constant is 0.0009 for 2.2, loss angle tangent.
As shown in Figure 1, the slot-coupled directional coupler of the present embodiment is at work, the first coupling on the coupler is micro-
Band line 12, the second coupled microstrip line 21 and class hexagon coupling gap 221 constitute coupled zone, realize coupling function.Work as first end
When mouth D1 input signal, second port D2 is straight-through port, and third port D3 is coupling port, and the 4th port D4 is isolation end
Mouthful, it is exported without signal；The input signal of first port D1 is coupled to third port D3 output, second port D2 by coupled zone
Output signal differ 90 degree with the output signal of third port D3.
It is emulated by the slot-coupled directional coupler to the present embodiment, obtains simulation result such as Fig. 7 to Figure 10 institute
Show.
As shown in fig. 7, return loss S11 is equal in 23.07GHz~28.55GHz frequency range when coupling port decays 3dB
It is -3 ± 1dB lower than -20dB, transmission characteristic S12, coupled characteristic S13 is -3 ± 1dB, and isolation characteristic S14 is low in frequency range
In -20dB, the phase difference of straight-through port shown in Fig. 10 and coupling port the result shows that, which is just
It hands over.
As shown in figure 8, return loss S11 is equal in 24.48GHz~30.74GHz frequency range when coupling port decays 6dB
It is -2 ± 1dB lower than -20dB, transmission characteristic S12, coupled characteristic S13 is -6 ± 1dB, and isolation characteristic S14 is low in frequency range
In -20dB, the phase difference of straight-through port shown in Fig. 10 and coupling port the result shows that, which is just
It hands over.
As shown in figure 9, return loss S11 is equal in 25.6GHz~31.14GHz frequency range when coupling port decays 12dB
It is -1 ± 1dB lower than -20dB, transmission characteristic S12, coupled characteristic S13 is -12 ± 1dB, and isolation characteristic S14 is low in frequency range
In -20dB, the phase difference of straight-through port shown in Fig. 10 and coupling port the result shows that, which is just
It hands over.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalent structure or equivalent flow shift made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content is applied directly or indirectly in other relevant skills
Art field, is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the slot-coupled directional coupler based on integral substrate gap waveguide, which is characterized in that identical including two structures
Integral substrate gap waveguide ISGW coupled waveguide, the ISGW coupled waveguide include via layer dielectric-slab (1) and clearance layer medium
Plate (2)；
The upper surface of the via layer dielectric-slab (1) is printed with the first metal ground layer (11), and it is micro- that lower surface is printed with the first coupling
The first circular metal patch (13), the second circular metal patch (14) with line (12) and periodic arrangement and the round gold of third
Belong to patch (15), first coupled microstrip line (12) includes first kind hexagonal transition section (121) and is connected to described the
The straightway (122) of a kind of hexagonal transition section (121) two sides, second circular metal patch (14) are arranged in the straight line
The two sides of section (122), the third circular metal patch (15) are arranged in the two sides of first kind hexagonal transition section (121), institute
The first circular metal patch (14) is stated to be arranged in around the second circular metal patch (14) and third circular metal patch (15),
First circular metal patch (13) is equipped with the first metallic vias (131), sets on second circular metal patch (14)
Having the second metallic vias (141), the third circular metal patch (15) is equipped with third metallic vias (151), and described first
Metallic vias (131), the second metallic vias (141) and third metallic vias (151) run through via layer dielectric-slab (1)；
The upper surface of the clearance layer dielectric-slab (2) is printed with the second coupled microstrip line (21), and lower surface is printed with the second metal
Stratum (22), second metal ground layer (22) have class hexagon coupling gap (221), second coupled microstrip line (21)
Including the second class hexagonal transition section (211) and it is connected to the arc segments of the second class hexagonal transition section (211) two sides
(212), class hexagon coupling gap (221) is located at the underface of the second class hexagonal transition section (211)；
Wherein, the lower surface of the via layer dielectric-slab (1) and the upper surface of clearance layer dielectric-slab (2) fit closely, and described
First kind hexagonal transition section (121) is identical as the second class hexagonal transition section (211) shape and is aligned coincidence, the straightway
(122) it is at least partly aligned, is oppositely arranged after two ISGW coupled waveguide rotation 180 degrees, and two with arc segment (212)
The second metal ground layer (22) of the ISGW coupled waveguide fits closely mutually, class hexagon coupling gap (221) alignment is overlapped.
2. slot-coupled directional coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first coupled microstrip line (12)
It is equipped with the 4th metallic vias (123) of periodic arrangement, the 4th metallic vias (123) runs through via layer dielectric-slab (1).
3. slot-coupled directional coupler according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the width of the arc segment (212)
Position forms ladder transition at least at one.
4. slot-coupled directional coupler according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the first kind hexagonal transition section
(121) four edges being connected with straightway (122) are camber line side, remaining side is straight line.
5. slot-coupled directional coupler according to claim 4, which is characterized in that first circular metal patch
(13), the second circular metal patch (14) is identical with the size of third circular metal patch (15), first metallic vias
(131), the second metallic vias (141), third metallic vias (151) are identical with the size of the 4th metallic vias (123).
6. slot-coupled directional coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the via layer dielectric-slab (1) is adopted
With the dielectric material that dielectric constant is 3.48, loss angle tangent is 0.004, the clearance layer dielectric-slab (2) uses dielectric constant
The dielectric material for being 0.0009 for 2.2, loss angle tangent.
7. slot-coupled directional coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that second circular metal patch
(14) relative to the first circular metal patch (13) in arrangement period along straightway (122) length direction offset first away from
From.
8. slot-coupled directional coupler according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the third circular metal patch
(15) relative to the first circular metal patch (13) in arrangement period along straightway (122) width direction offset second away from
From.
9. slot-coupled directional coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the second circular metal patch of adjustment
(14) first distance relative to the first circular metal patch (13) offset, to adjust return loss and isolation；Adjust third
The second distance that circular metal patch (15) is deviated relative to the first circular metal patch (13), to adjust return loss and isolation
Degree.
10. slot-coupled directional coupler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that adjustment first kind hexagonal transition
The width of section (121), the second class hexagonal transition section (211) and class hexagon coupling gap (221), to obtain different couplings
Value.
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| CN110364799A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-22 | 云南大学 | Double ridge integral substrate gap waveguides |
| CN111416183A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-14 | 南京智能高端装备产业研究院有限公司 | Novel single-passband filter coupler adopting double-layer circular patches |
| CN111697306A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-22 | 西安博瑞集信电子科技有限公司 | Orthogonal coupler |
| CN113644399A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-12 | 云南大学 | Multi-slit coupling directional coupler based on integrated substrate gap waveguide |
| CN115986347A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-04-18 | 中山大学 | Double-frequency semi-closed super-surface cavity filter and transmission zero control method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110364799A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-22 | 云南大学 | Double ridge integral substrate gap waveguides |
| CN111416183A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-14 | 南京智能高端装备产业研究院有限公司 | Novel single-passband filter coupler adopting double-layer circular patches |
| CN111416183B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-10-29 | 南京智能高端装备产业研究院有限公司 | Novel single-passband filter coupler adopting double-layer circular patches |
| CN111697306A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-22 | 西安博瑞集信电子科技有限公司 | Orthogonal coupler |
| CN113644399A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-12 | 云南大学 | Multi-slit coupling directional coupler based on integrated substrate gap waveguide |
| CN115986347A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-04-18 | 中山大学 | Double-frequency semi-closed super-surface cavity filter and transmission zero control method |
| CN115986347B (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-09-15 | 中山大学 | Dual-frequency semi-closed super-surface cavity filter and transmission zero control method |
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