CN109898996B - PDC drill bit with self-excitation torsional vibration function - Google Patents
PDC drill bit with self-excitation torsional vibration function Download PDFInfo
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- CN109898996B CN109898996B CN201910070265.1A CN201910070265A CN109898996B CN 109898996 B CN109898996 B CN 109898996B CN 201910070265 A CN201910070265 A CN 201910070265A CN 109898996 B CN109898996 B CN 109898996B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a PDC drill bit with a self-excitation torsional vibration function, which comprises a drill bit joint, an upper end cover baffle, an upper end cover, an upper impact hammer copper sleeve, an upper reversing switch copper sleeve, an impact shell, an impact hammer, a reversing switch, a lower reversing switch copper sleeve, a lower impact hammer copper sleeve, a central joint and a drill bit body. Drilling fluid enters the PDC drill bit with the self-excitation torsional vibration function from the drill bit connector and flows out of a drill bit water hole, part of the drilling fluid is shunted in the drill bit to drive the reversing switch and the impact hammer to rotate, so that the reversing switch circumferentially collides with the impact hammer, the impact hammer circumferentially and reciprocally collides with the impact shell to generate circumferential reciprocating impact load, and the generated circumferential impact load is transmitted to the drill bit body through a spline structure at the front end of the impact shell. The PDC drill bit with the self-excitation torsional vibration function can provide extra drilling torque for the drill bit, accelerate rock breaking of the drill bit and effectively improve the drilling efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a PDC drill bit with a self-excitation torsional vibration function for petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, and is particularly suitable for oil-gas well drilling engineering under the novel oil-gas resource condition.
Background
With the rapid development of the petroleum industry, shallow petroleum resources are increasingly exhausted, drilling engineering has to carry out deep well and ultra-deep well operation, and the acceleration of deep strata becomes a key problem for reducing exploration cost. Under normal drilling conditions, when a PDC bit encounters a hard formation, there is typically insufficient torque to break the formation, resulting in the drill string often exhibiting stick-slip. Severe stick-slip not only can damage the drill string performance and cause premature bit failure, but also can affect the service life of downhole tools and cause a great deal of loss to the drilling project. In order to solve the problem of stick-slip in the drilling process, some constructive measures of effectively eliminating the stick-slip vibration effect and the like are provided. In related researches, torsional vibration impact has obvious effect on reducing stick-slip of a drill string, and from the actual working condition of rock breaking, because the compressive strength of the rock is far higher than the shearing strength of the rock, the torsional vibration impact has important practical significance on improving the rock breaking efficiency and the mechanical drilling speed.
Starting from the development of drilling equipment, the early acceleration and synergy research is mainly developed based on modes such as spinning and longitudinal oscillation. At present, researches show that torsional vibration impact has great innovative significance for rock breaking and efficiency improvement, and the abrasion of the PDC drill bit can be effectively reduced and the mechanical drilling speed is improved by providing additional impact torque for the PDC drill bit in the drilling process. Therefore, the torsional vibration impact research is of great significance to the drilling engineering, and in order to effectively improve the drilling efficiency, the development of the novel PDC drill bit becomes key technical equipment under the condition of novel oil and gas resources, and the efficient, energy-saving and environment-friendly production of oil and gas drilling is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of acceleration and efficiency increase of drilling, reduction of abrasion of a PDC drill bit and improvement of the mechanical drilling speed in the background technology, the invention provides the PDC drill bit with the self-excitation torsional vibration function. When the PDC drill bit with the self-excitation torsional vibration function works, drilling fluid enters the drill bit from the drill bit connector and flows out of a drill bit water hole, part of the drilling fluid is shunted in the drill bit to drive the reversing switch and the impact hammer to rotate, so that the reversing switch circumferentially collides with the impact hammer, the impact hammer circumferentially and reciprocally collides with the impact shell, circumferential reciprocating impact load is generated through mutual collision among the reversing switch, the impact hammer and the impact shell, the generated circumferential impact load is transmitted to the drill bit body through a spline structure at the front end of the impact shell, an extra impact torque is applied to the drill bit body, rock breaking of the drill bit is accelerated, and drilling efficiency is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the PDC drill bit with the self-excitation torsional vibration function mainly comprises a drill bit connector, an upper end cover baffle, an upper end cover, an upper impact hammer copper sleeve, an upper reversing switch copper sleeve, an impact shell, an impact hammer, a reversing switch, a lower reversing switch copper sleeve, a lower impact hammer copper sleeve, a central connector and a drill bit body; the upper end cover baffle, the upper end cover, the upper impact hammer copper sleeve, the upper reversing switch copper sleeve, the impact shell, the impact hammer, the reversing switch, the lower reversing switch copper sleeve, the lower impact hammer copper sleeve and the center joint are positioned in the drill bit body, the impact shell is installed in the drill bit body through axial positioning, locking and fixing of the drill bit joint, circumferential positioning between the impact shell and the drill bit body is realized by utilizing a spline structure, the center joint is installed at the front end of the impact shell, the upper impact hammer copper sleeve and the lower impact hammer copper sleeve are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the impact hammer, the impact hammer copper sleeve, the impact hammer and the lower impact hammer copper sleeve are installed in the impact shell together, the upper reversing switch copper sleeve and the lower reversing switch copper sleeve are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the reversing switch, and the upper reversing switch copper sleeve, the reversing switch and the lower reversing switch copper sleeve are installed in the impact hammer together, installing the upper end cover at a designed position to serve as a retainer of an upper impact hammer copper sleeve, an upper reversing switch copper sleeve, an impact shell, an impact hammer and a reversing switch, then installing an upper end cover baffle at the rear end of the upper end cover, adjusting the installation size of internal parts of the drill bit body through the upper end cover baffle, finally installing a drill bit joint at the rear end thread of the drill bit body, and axially locking the internal parts of the drill bit body. The impact hammer and the reversing switch are driven by the pressure of drilling fluid to rotate mutually, the reversing switch collides with the impact hammer in a reciprocating mode in the rotating process, the impact hammer collides with the impact shell in a periodic reciprocating mode, and in the mutual collision process of the reversing switch, the impact hammer and the impact shell, the impact load in the periodic reciprocating mode is generated and transmitted to the drill bit body through the impact shell. The circumference of the impact shell is provided with a through hole as a drilling fluid circulation flow passage, the inner circumference of the front end of the impact shell is provided with a spline groove, the outer circumference is provided with a spline, the spline is matched with the drill bit body, and the circumferential torque generated by the impact hammer and the reversing switch is transmitted to the drill bit body by utilizing a spline structure. The upper impact hammer copper sleeve and the upper reversing switch copper sleeve are arranged at the upper ends of the impact hammer and the reversing switch, the lower reversing switch copper sleeve and the lower impact hammer copper sleeve are arranged at the lower ends of the impact hammer and the reversing switch, and the upper impact hammer copper sleeve, the upper reversing switch copper sleeve, the lower reversing switch copper sleeve and the lower impact hammer copper sleeve are used for adjusting the gap between the impact hammer and the reversing switch, so that the abrasion of the impact hammer and the reversing switch is reduced, and the service life of the impact hammer and the reversing switch is prolonged. The upper end cover and the impact shell are respectively provided with 2 pin holes, the upper end cover and the impact shell are positioned through mounting pins, the position deviation of a fluid channel of the upper end cover and the fluid channel of the impact shell in the working process of the drill bit is prevented, and the drilling fluid can circulate according to a designed flow channel. The front end of the central joint is provided with a spline which is matched with a spline groove on the inner circumference of the front end of the impact shell.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the external structure of the original drill bit is kept unchanged, the rotary collision impact part is arranged in the drill bit body, and the drilling fluid pressure is used as power input to provide extra drilling torque for the drill bit, accelerate rock breaking of the drill bit and effectively improve the drilling efficiency; (2) the wear-resistant structure is added to the rotating parts in the drill bit, and the gaps between the rotating parts are adjusted by adopting a structural part with lower hardness, so that the rotating parts wear the wear-resistant structure parts in the working process, the wear of the rotating parts is reduced, and the service life of the tool is prolonged; (3) the independent drill bit joint is adopted, the structural design that the drill bit joint and the drill bit body are welded together is distinguished, easily damaged parts in the drill bit can be replaced in time by adopting the independent drill bit joint, the use times of the parts which are not easy to lose efficacy are increased, and the production cost can be saved on the premise of ensuring the working performance of the drill bit; (4) the internal parts of the drill bit are positioned by adopting a spline structure or an inclined plane structure without adopting threaded connection, so that the processing cost of the drill bit can be reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an external profile view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the impact shell.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the center joint.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the upper end cover baffle.
Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the upper end cap.
In the figure, 1, a drill bit joint, 2, an upper end cover baffle, 3, an upper end cover, 4, an upper impact hammer copper sleeve, 5, an upper reversing switch copper sleeve, 6, an impact shell, 7, an impact hammer, 8, a reversing switch, 9, a lower reversing switch copper sleeve, 10, a lower impact hammer copper sleeve, 11, a center joint and 12 are drill bit bodies.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
referring to the attached figure 1, the PDC drill bit with the self-excitation torsional vibration function mainly comprises a drill bit connector 1, an upper end cover baffle plate 2, an upper end cover 3, an upper impact hammer copper sleeve 4, an upper reversing switch copper sleeve 5, an impact shell 6, an impact hammer 7, a reversing switch 8, a lower reversing switch copper sleeve 9, a lower impact hammer copper sleeve 10, a central connector 11 and a drill bit body 12; the upper end cover baffle 2, the upper end cover 3, the upper impact hammer copper sleeve 4, the upper reversing switch copper sleeve 5, the impact shell 6, the impact hammer 7, the reversing switch 8, the lower reversing switch copper sleeve 9, the lower impact hammer copper sleeve 10 and the central joint 11 are positioned in the drill bit body 12, the drill bit joint 1 is used for carrying out axial positioning, locking and fixing, the impact shell 6 is installed in the drill bit body 12, circumferential positioning between the impact shell 6 and the drill bit body 12 is realized by utilizing a spline structure, the central joint 11 is installed at the front end of the impact shell 6, the upper impact hammer copper sleeve 4 and the lower impact hammer copper sleeve 10 are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the impact hammer 7, the impact hammer copper sleeve 4, the impact hammer 7 and the lower impact hammer copper sleeve 10 are installed in the impact shell 6 together, and then the upper reversing switch copper sleeve 5 and the lower reversing switch copper sleeve 9 are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the reversing switch 8, and then an upper reversing switch copper sleeve 5, a reversing switch 8 and a lower reversing switch copper sleeve 9 are installed inside the impact hammer 7 together, the upper end cover 3 is installed at a designed position to serve as a retainer of the upper impact hammer copper sleeve 4, the upper reversing switch copper sleeve 5, the impact shell 6, the impact hammer 7 and the reversing switch 8, then the upper end cover baffle 2 is installed at the rear end of the upper end cover 3, the installation size of internal parts of the drill bit body 12 is adjusted through the upper end cover baffle 2, and finally the drill bit joint 1 is installed at the rear end thread of the drill bit body 12 to axially lock the internal parts of the drill bit body 12.
The impact hammer 7 and the reversing switch 8 are driven by drilling fluid pressure to rotate mutually, the reversing switch 8 collides with the impact hammer 7 in a reciprocating mode in the rotating process, the impact hammer 7 collides with the impact shell 6 in a periodic reciprocating mode, and in the mutual collision process of the reversing switch 8, the impact hammer 7 and the impact shell 6, a periodic reciprocating impact load is generated and transmitted to the drill bit body 12 through the impact shell 6.
The circumference of the impact shell 6 is provided with a through hole as a drilling fluid circulation flow passage, the inner circumference of the front end of the impact shell 6 is provided with a spline groove, the outer circumference is provided with a spline, the spline is matched with the drill bit body 12, and the circumferential torque generated by the impact hammer 7 and the reversing switch 8 is transmitted to the drill bit body by utilizing a spline structure.
The upper impact hammer copper sleeve 4 and the upper reversing switch copper sleeve 5 are arranged at the upper ends of the impact hammer 7 and the reversing switch 8, the lower reversing switch copper sleeve (9) and the lower impact hammer copper sleeve 10 are arranged at the lower ends of the impact hammer 7 and the reversing switch 8, and the upper impact hammer copper sleeve 4, the upper reversing switch copper sleeve 5, the lower reversing switch copper sleeve 9 and the lower impact hammer copper sleeve 10 are used for adjusting the gap between the impact hammer 7 and the reversing switch 8, so that the abrasion of the impact hammer 7 and the reversing switch 8 is reduced, and the service life of the impact hammer is prolonged.
The upper end cover 3 and the impact shell 6 are respectively provided with 2 pin holes, the upper end cover 3 and the impact shell 6 are positioned through mounting pins, the position of a fluid channel of the upper end cover 3 and the fluid channel of the impact shell 6 are prevented from deviating in the working process of the drill bit, and drilling fluid is guaranteed to circulate according to a designed flow channel.
The front end of the central joint 11 is provided with splines which are matched with spline grooves on the inner circumference of the front end of the impact shell 6.
Claims (6)
1. PDC drill bit with self-excitation torsional oscillation function, its characterized in that: the PDC drill bit with the self-excitation torsional vibration function mainly comprises a drill bit connector (1), an upper end cover baffle plate (2), an upper end cover (3), an upper impact hammer copper sleeve (4), an upper reversing switch copper sleeve (5), an impact shell (6), an impact hammer (7), a reversing switch (8), a lower reversing switch copper sleeve (9), a lower impact hammer copper sleeve (10), a central connector (11) and a drill bit body (12); the upper end cover baffle plate (2), the upper end cover (3), the upper impact hammer copper sleeve (4), the upper reversing switch copper sleeve (5), the impact shell (6), the impact hammer (7), the reversing switch (8), the lower reversing switch copper sleeve (9), the lower impact hammer copper sleeve (10) and the central joint (11) are positioned in the drill bit body (12), the drill bit joint (1) is used for axially positioning, locking and fixing, the impact shell (6) is installed in the drill bit body (12), the circumferential positioning between the impact shell (6) and the drill bit body (12) is realized by using a spline structure, the central joint (11) is installed at the front end of the impact shell (6), the upper impact hammer copper sleeve (4) and the lower impact hammer copper sleeve (10) are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of the impact hammer (7), the impact hammer copper sleeve (4), the impact hammer (7) and the lower impact hammer copper sleeve (10) are installed in the impact shell (6) together, then an upper reversing switch copper sleeve (5) and a lower reversing switch copper sleeve (9) are respectively installed at the upper end and the lower end of a reversing switch (8), the upper reversing switch copper sleeve (5), the reversing switch (8) and the lower reversing switch copper sleeve (9) are installed inside an impact hammer (7) together, an upper end cover (3) is installed at a designed position to serve as a retainer of the upper impact hammer copper sleeve (4), the upper reversing switch copper sleeve (5), an impact shell (6), the impact hammer (7) and the reversing switch (8), an upper end cover baffle (2) is installed at the rear end of the upper end cover (3), the installation size of internal parts of a drill bit body (12) is adjusted through the upper end cover baffle (2), and finally a drill bit joint (1) is installed at the rear end thread of the drill bit body (12) to axially lock the internal parts of the drill bit body (12).
2. A PDC bit having a self-exciting torsional vibration function according to claim 1, wherein: the drill bit is characterized in that the impact hammer (7) and the reversing switch (8) rotate mutually under the drive of the pressure of drilling fluid, the reversing switch (8) collides with the impact hammer (7) in a reciprocating mode in the rotating process, the impact hammer (7) collides with the impact shell (6) in a periodic reciprocating mode, and in the mutual collision process of the reversing switch (8), the impact hammer (7) and the impact shell (6), the impact load in the periodic reciprocating mode is generated and transmitted to the drill bit body (12) through the impact shell (6).
3. A PDC bit having a self-exciting torsional vibration function according to claim 1, wherein: the drill bit is characterized in that a through hole is formed in the circumference of the impact shell (6) and serves as a drilling fluid circulation flow channel, a spline groove is formed in the inner circumference of the front end of the impact shell (6), a spline is formed in the outer circumference of the impact shell, the impact shell is matched with the drill bit body (12) through the spline, and circumferential torque generated by the impact hammer (7) and the reversing switch (8) is transmitted to the drill bit body through a spline structure.
4. A PDC bit having a self-exciting torsional vibration function according to claim 1, wherein: the upper impact hammer copper sleeve (4) and the upper reversing switch copper sleeve (5) are installed at the upper ends of the impact hammer (7) and the reversing switch (8), the lower reversing switch copper sleeve (9) and the lower impact hammer copper sleeve (10) are installed at the lower ends of the impact hammer (7) and the reversing switch (8), and the gap between the impact hammer (7) and the reversing switch (8) is adjusted through the upper impact hammer copper sleeve (4), the upper reversing switch copper sleeve (5), the lower reversing switch copper sleeve (9) and the lower impact hammer copper sleeve (10), so that the abrasion of the impact hammer (7) and the reversing switch (8) is reduced, and the service life of the impact hammer is prolonged.
5. A PDC bit having a self-exciting torsional vibration function according to claim 1, wherein: the upper end cover (3) and the impact shell (6) are respectively provided with 2 pin holes, the upper end cover (3) and the impact shell (6) are positioned through mounting pins, the position of a fluid channel of the upper end cover (3) and the fluid channel of the impact shell (6) is prevented from deviating in the working process of a drill bit, and drilling fluid is guaranteed to circulate according to a designed flow channel.
6. A PDC bit having a self-exciting torsional vibration function according to claim 1, wherein: the front end of the central joint (11) is provided with a spline which is matched with a spline groove on the inner circumference of the front end of the impact shell (6).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910070265.1A CN109898996B (en) | 2019-01-24 | 2019-01-24 | PDC drill bit with self-excitation torsional vibration function |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910070265.1A CN109898996B (en) | 2019-01-24 | 2019-01-24 | PDC drill bit with self-excitation torsional vibration function |
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| CN109898996A CN109898996A (en) | 2019-06-18 |
| CN109898996B true CN109898996B (en) | 2020-08-25 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110617012B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-05-11 | 沧州格锐特钻头有限公司 | PDC drill bit with rotary oscillation impact function |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104533283A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-22 | 长江大学 | Hydraulic circumferential torque impact generator |
| CN104563862A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Composite impact well drilling tool |
| CN106837181A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-06-13 | 天津市高原瑞丰工贸有限公司 | A kind of drilling well knob drill hammer |
| CN207609378U (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-07-13 | 深圳市艾能石油科技有限公司 | A kind of oil gas drilling efficient rock-breaking composite impact drill bit |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103597162B (en) * | 2011-04-18 | 2016-01-20 | 史密斯国际有限公司 | The PCD material of high diamond frame strength |
| US10669781B2 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2020-06-02 | Center Rock Inc. | Down-the-hole drill hammer having a roller bearing assembly |
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2019
- 2019-01-24 CN CN201910070265.1A patent/CN109898996B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104563862A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Composite impact well drilling tool |
| CN104533283A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-22 | 长江大学 | Hydraulic circumferential torque impact generator |
| CN106837181A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-06-13 | 天津市高原瑞丰工贸有限公司 | A kind of drilling well knob drill hammer |
| CN207609378U (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-07-13 | 深圳市艾能石油科技有限公司 | A kind of oil gas drilling efficient rock-breaking composite impact drill bit |
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Effective date of registration: 20201028 Address after: 618000 No. 30, two West Ring Road, Tianyuan Town, Jingyang District, Deyang, Sichuan Patentee after: Sichuan Bao Wright drill Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 8 Road, Xindu Xindu District of Chengdu city of Sichuan Province in 610000 Patentee before: SOUTHWEST PETROLEUM University |