CN109894924A - A kind of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module and detection method - Google Patents
A kind of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109894924A CN109894924A CN201910210747.2A CN201910210747A CN109894924A CN 109894924 A CN109894924 A CN 109894924A CN 201910210747 A CN201910210747 A CN 201910210747A CN 109894924 A CN109894924 A CN 109894924A
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Abstract
A kind of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module and detection method, belong to Ultra-precision Turning and detection technique field, module includes 3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture, pinboard, microscope tube Z-direction sports platform, monotubular zoom microscope tube, coaxial point light source, microcobjective, CCD camera, spectral confocal sensor, Spectral Confocal controller, spectral confocal sensor Z-direction sports platform, image pick-up card, motion controller and PC processor, the duplex measurement means measured using micro-vision and Spectral Confocal, diamond cutter cutting edge is worn using the XY axis of machining tool and carries out fast scan analysis；Using cutting edge wearing depth and image grayscale correlation, the 2-D data of image recovers three-dimensional figure by SFS method, carries out data fusion with the three-dimensional data of Spectral Confocal measurement, realizes the evaluation of cutting edge abrasion.The present invention can be fully considered carries out fast integration in super-precision machine tools, realizes the large range of three-dimensional abrasion detection of tool surface.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Ultra-precision Turnings and detection technique field, especially relate to a kind of diamond cutter cutting sharpening
Damage detection module and detection method.
Background technique
Diamond has preferable because having high rigidity, good mechanical performance and heating conduction in metal cutting process
It is anti-cohere, corrode and outstanding chemical stability, be presently the most ideal ultra precision cutting cutter material.Because it can be with
Sharp cutting edge is obtained by micro- grinding, in metal Ultra-precision Turning, can get nanoscale machining accuracy and rough surface
Degree.
During metal Ultra-precision Turning, diamond cutter cutting edge subjects biggish mechanical pressure and cutting temperature,
And contact and dissolve with metal material in cutting process, cause diamond cutter surface hardness and wearability to reduce, cutting edge
Area can gradually generate microcosmic abrasion.The generation of tool wear also influences workpiece processing quality simultaneously.
Current wear of diamond cutter detection method is mainly detected by atomic force microscope, and atomic force probe is passed through
The scanning of tool blade mouth region nanoscale is carried out, obtains cutting edge area 3-D image, and then judge tool wear degree, but atomic force scans
Scanning range is smaller, and generally in hundred micron orders, lateral resolution is difficult to realize a wide range of abrasion observation in Subnano-class, and
Atom force measuring device is difficult to accomplish on lathe highly integrated, is generally used for measuring under line；Furthermore also have using optical imagery
Mode measures diamond cutter surface, but visual light imaging is limited by imaging photosensitive chip pixel and luminous sensitivity,
And the presence of detection noise, the measurement confidence level of microcosmic abrasion is lower, it is generally used for the tool wear measurement of micron order or more,
By means of other image three-dimensional recovery algorithms, it is difficult accurately to assess the degree of wear on diamond cutter three dimension scale.
Therefore there is an urgent need for a kind of novel technical solutions in the prior art to solve the problems, such as this.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: providing a kind of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module and detection
Method can fully consider and carry out fast integration in super-precision machine tools, realize the large range of three-dimensional mill of tool surface
Damage detection.
A kind of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module, it is characterized in that: including 3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture, turning
Fishplate bar, microscope tube Z-direction sports platform, monotubular zoom microscope tube, microcobjective, coaxial point light source, CCD camera, lens barrel fixture,
Spectral confocal sensor, spectral confocal sensor fixture, Spectral Confocal controller, spectral confocal sensor Z-direction sports platform, image
Capture card, motion controller, light source controller and PC processor,
The 3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture is mounted on ultra-precision machine tool to be detected, and the pinboard is arranged in 3R
On high-precision pneumatic switch fixture；
The microscope tube Z-direction sports platform, microscope tube, microcobjective, coaxial point light source, CCD camera and lens barrel folder
Tool composition image detection submodule, the microscope tube Z-direction sports platform are arranged on pinboard, and the microscope tube passes through lens barrel
Fixture is arranged on microscope tube Z-direction sports platform, and one end of microscope tube is arranged in the microcobjective, and the CCD camera is set
The other end in microscope tube is set, the coaxial point light source is arranged on microscope tube Z-direction sports platform；
The spectral confocal sensor, spectral confocal sensor fixture and spectral confocal sensor Z-direction sports platform composition
Spectral Confocal detection sub-module, the spectral confocal sensor is arranged by spectral confocal sensor fixture to be sensed in Spectral Confocal
On device Z-direction sports platform；
The Spectral Confocal controller and spectral confocal sensor and PC processor communicate to connect；
The motion controller is connect with microscope tube Z-direction sports platform and spectral confocal sensor Z-direction sports platform respectively；
Described image capture card and CCD camera and PC processor communicate to connect；
The light source controller is connect with coaxial point light source and PC processor.
The microscope tube and spectral confocal sensor are arranged vertically side by side along X-axis.
The coaxial point light source can adjust light intensity by light source controller, and optical source wavelength is visible light wave range.
A kind of diamond cutter cutting edge wear detecting method, it is characterized in that: being cut using a kind of diamond cutter
Sword wear detector, including calibration process and detection process are cut,
Wherein calibration process includes the following steps, and following steps sequentially carry out,
Step 1: standard circle template is imaged by image detection submodule, circle template gray level image is obtained；
Step 2: carrying out the extraction of sub-pix circle contour by detection circle template gray level image, view calibration coefficient is obtained；
Step 3: 3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture is mounted on ultra-precision machine tool to be detected, and adjust dress level and
Vertically, standard cell sample block is installed in the X-axis of ultra-precision machine tool, passes through the X-axis of mobile ultra-precision machine tool, image detection submodule
Block scan standard step sample block, calibrates the XY deviation of directivity between micro-imaging center and Spectral Confocal center, and be input to
PC processor；
Detection process includes the following steps, and following steps sequentially carry out,
Step 1: obtaining image to tool surface by image detection submodule, detection zone is manually set in the picture,
By the calibration coefficient obtained in the calibration process step 2, size and the whole story position of detection zone are calculated；
Step 2: obtaining the side XY between micro-imaging center and Spectral Confocal center using the calibration process step 3
To deviation, XY axis to the step 1 of mobile machine tool obtains detection zone initial position, and setting XY acquires step-length, starts spectrum
Confocal detection submodule carries out height scan to setting regions；
Restore to calculate Step 3: setting regions image grayscale figure is carried out the height map based on shape from shading SFS；
Step 4: the three-dimensional height map after the height map obtained in the step 3 and step 2 scanning is melted
Conjunction processing obtains fusion height map；
Step 5: the height of the fusion height map obtained according to the step 4 is distributed, determine that cutter does not wear basal plane；
Step 6: being arranged and merging height map according to the basal plane in step 5, the wearing depth of current tool surface is calculated,
Wear length and abrasion width.
Through the above design, the present invention can be brought the following benefits: a kind of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion
Detection module and detection method are realized and are detected online to the high-precision of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion three-dimensional appearance.Using
The duplex measurement means of micro-vision and Spectral Confocal measurement can utilize machining tool after diamond cutter processing
XY axis, which wears diamond cutter cutting edge, carries out fast scan analysis；It is related to image grayscale using cutting edge wearing depth
Property, data fusion is carried out into three dimensions using the three-dimensional data of three-dimensional figure and the Spectral Confocal measurement obtained by shading
According to the evaluation of realization cutting edge abrasion.Compared with conventional three-dimensional imaging method or two-dimensional image tool wear measurement method, improve
The consistency and reliability of measurement, high-precision cutting edge measurement data can provide technology for diamond cutter Ultra-precision Turning
It supports.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further illustrated:
Fig. 1 is a kind of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion detection modular structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of lathe assembling schematic diagram of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of diamond cutter cutting edge wear detecting method image detection submodule view calibration process of the present invention
Schematic block diagram.
Fig. 4 is a kind of diamond cutter cutting edge wear detecting method image detection submodule of the present invention and Spectral Confocal
Module centers X deviation demarcation flow schematic block diagram.
Fig. 5 is a kind of diamond cutter cutting edge wear detecting method testing process schematic diagram of the present invention.
1-3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture, 2- pinboard, 3- microscope tube Z-direction sports platform, 4- monotubular zoom are aobvious in figure
Micro mirror cylinder, 5- microcobjective, the coaxial point light source of 6-, 7-CCD camera, 8- lens barrel fixture, 9- spectral confocal sensor, 10- spectrum
Confocal clamp of sensor, 11- Spectral Confocal controller, 12- spectral confocal sensor Z-direction sports platform, 13- image pick-up card, 14-
Motion controller, 15- light source controller, 16-PC processor.
Specific embodiment
A kind of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module, as shown in Figure 1, include 3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture 1,
Pinboard 2, microscope tube Z-direction sports platform 3, monotubular zoom microscope tube 4, microcobjective 5, coaxial point light source 6, CCD camera 7,
Lens barrel fixture 8, spectral confocal sensor 9, spectral confocal sensor fixture 10, Spectral Confocal controller 11, Spectral Confocal sensing
Device Z-direction sports platform 12, image pick-up card 13, motion controller 14, light source controller 15 and PC processor 16.
As shown in Fig. 2, 3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture 1 is pneumatic pinch mode, repetitive positioning accuracy in the present embodiment
1 μm, the pedestal of Payload 10kg, 3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture 1 is assemblied on lathe.
In the present embodiment, the coaxial point light source 6 is white light source.
In the present embodiment, the microscope tube Z-direction sports platform 3, spectral confocal sensor Z-direction sports platform 12 are stepper motor
Driving, 1 μm of minimum movement adjustment amount.
In the present embodiment, the CCD camera 7 is black and white area array CCD, analog signal output.
In the present embodiment, the spectral confocal sensor 9 is that white light inputs, 0 μm~100 μm of measurement range.
In the present embodiment, the microcobjective 5 is the microcobjective of white light wave band, amplification factor 5X, object distance 34mm, numerical value
Aperture 0.21, effective focal length 40mm.
In the present embodiment, monotubular zoom microscope tube 4 can manually adjust the enlargement ratio of lens barrel, and 0.7-4X is adjustable, with
The enlargement ratio of microcobjective composition 3.5-20X.
Above-mentioned microscope tube Z-direction sports platform 3 and spectral confocal sensor Z-direction sports platform 12 pass through motion control in this example
Device 14 is connected with PC processor 16, assigns motion control instruction by PC processor 16, realizes the CCD camera of image detection submodule
7 image focusing and the sampling elemental height adjustment of Spectral Confocal detection sub-module；CCD camera 7 by image pick-up card with
PC processor 16 constitutes Image Acquisition channel, assigns image setting, acquisition instructions by PC processor 16；Spectral Confocal controller 11
It is connected with PC processor 16, the altitude information acquisition instructions of Spectral Confocal detection sub-module is assigned by PC processor 16.In addition, PC
Processor 16 is connect with the cable of the UMAC control system of lathe, transmission cutter move to lathe.
A kind of diamond cutter cutting edge wear detecting method, including calibration process and detection process,
Calibration process includes the following steps,
Step 1: standard circle template is imaged by image detection submodule, acquisition circle template gray level image, in circle template
It 100 μm of standard circular diameter, is made of micro EDM.
Step 2: being extracted by detection circle template image by edge detection and circle contour, and carries out circle and fit half
Diameter obtains the proportionate relationship in visual field between circle contour pixel both horizontally and vertically and radius of circle, i.e., practical calibration coefficient
Δx、Δy。
Step 3: diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module is mounted on by 3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture super
On precision machine tool, and adjust dress horizontal, vertical；Standard step sample block is installed in the X-axis of lathe, by the X-axis of mobile machine tool,
Image detection submodule scanning standard step sample block, the direction XY calibrated between micro-imaging center and Spectral Confocal center are inclined
Difference, and be input to PC and handled, wherein 50 μm of step specimen height, demarcation flow is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, and wherein image is examined
It surveys submodule and Spectral Confocal submodule center Y deviation demarcation flow and X deviation demarcation flow is consistent.
Detection process includes the following steps,
Step 1: obtaining image to tool surface by image detection submodule, detection zone is manually set in the picture,
Picture size is w × h=1280 × 1024.By the view calibration coefficient obtained in the step two in demarcating steps, calculate
The area size for needing to detect and whole story position, region actual size are W, and H, whole story position is respectively (XLathe- W/2, YLathe-H/
2)、(XLathe+ W/2, YLathe+ H/2), XLathe, YLatheRespectively lathe changing coordinates.
Step 2: using between the micro-imaging center obtained in the step three in demarcating steps and Spectral Confocal center
The XY deviation of directivity, the starting position that needs detection zone of the XY axis of mobile machine tool into step 1, setting XY acquire step-length, open
Dynamic Spectral Confocal detection sub-module carries out height scan to setting regions.It is respectively W/w, H/h that wherein XY, which acquires step-length, guarantees to adopt
The points of collection are consistent with image pixel number.
Restore to calculate Step 3: image grayscale figure will be set and carry out the height map based on shape from shading (SFS).
Step 4: being carried out by the height map obtained in the step 3 and with the three-dimensional height map after step 2 scanning
Fusion treatment obtains fusion height map.The height map that wherein step 3 obtains carries out width and height is demarcated, and blending algorithm uses
Blending algorithm based on BEMD.
Wherein Hmax, Wmax,LmaxHigh, wide, the long practical ruler of the maximum of the height map respectively obtained after Spectral Confocal scanning
It is very little.
Wherein Hmax_(p_SFS),WSFS,LSFSHigh, wide, the long pixel of the maximum of the height map respectively obtained after the recovery of SFS algorithm
Size.
Wherein Hi p_SFS, Wi p_SFS, Li p_SFSThe height of the height map respectively obtained after the recovery of SFS algorithm, width, long pixel are sat
Scale value.
Wherein Hi SFS, Wi SFS, Li SFSThe height map respectively obtained after the recovery of SFS algorithm is through calibrated each pixel
The height of position, width, long actual size value.
Merge height map Ifusion=k1*LowPass(ISFS)+k2*HighPass(Imeasure)；
LowPass and HighPass is respectively low pass and high pass operator, k1And k2Respectively regulation coefficient, k1+k2=1.
Step 5: the height of the fusion height map obtained according to step 3 is distributed, determine that cutter does not wear the determination of basal plane.
Step 6: being arranged and merging height map according to the basal plane in step 5, the wear coefficient of current tool surface is calculated.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module, it is characterized in that: include 3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture (1),
Pinboard (2), microscope tube Z-direction sports platform (3), monotubular zoom microscope tube (4), microcobjective (5), coaxial point light source (6),
CCD camera (7), lens barrel fixture (8), spectral confocal sensor (9), spectral confocal sensor fixture (10), Spectral Confocal control
Device (11), spectral confocal sensor Z-direction sports platform (12), image pick-up card (13), motion controller (14), light source controller
(15) and PC processor (16),
The 3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture (1) is mounted on ultra-precision machine tool to be detected, and pinboard (2) setting exists
On 3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture (1)；
The microscope tube Z-direction sports platform (3), microscope tube (4), microcobjective (5), coaxial point light source (6), CCD camera (7)
And lens barrel fixture (8) forms image detection submodule, the microscope tube Z-direction sports platform (3) is arranged on pinboard (2),
The microscope tube (4) is arranged on microscope tube Z-direction sports platform (3) by lens barrel fixture (8), and the microcobjective (5) sets
Set one end in microscope tube (4), the other end of CCD camera (7) setting in microscope tube (4), the coaxial point light source
(6) it is arranged on microscope tube Z-direction sports platform (3)；
The spectral confocal sensor (9), spectral confocal sensor fixture (10) and spectral confocal sensor Z-direction sports platform
(12) Spectral Confocal detection sub-module is formed, the spectral confocal sensor (9) is set by spectral confocal sensor fixture (10)
It sets on spectral confocal sensor Z-direction sports platform (12)；
The Spectral Confocal controller (11) and spectral confocal sensor (9) and PC processor (16) communicate to connect；
The motion controller (14) respectively with microscope tube Z-direction sports platform (3) and spectral confocal sensor Z-direction sports platform (12)
Connection；
Described image capture card (13) and CCD camera (7) and PC processor (16) communicate to connect；
The light source controller (15) connect with coaxial point light source (6) and PC processor (16).
2. a kind of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the microscope tube
(4) it is arranged vertically side by side with spectral confocal sensor (9) along X-axis.
3. a kind of diamond cutter cutting edge abrasion detection module according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the on-axis point light
Source (6) can adjust light intensity by light source controller (15), and optical source wavelength is visible light wave range.
4. a kind of diamond cutter cutting edge wear detecting method, it is characterized in that: using a kind of diamond described in claim 1
Tool in cutting sword wear detector, including calibration process and detection process,
Wherein calibration process includes the following steps, and following steps sequentially carry out,
Step 1: standard circle template is imaged by image detection submodule, circle template gray level image is obtained；
Step 2: carrying out the extraction of sub-pix circle contour by detection circle template gray level image, view calibration coefficient is obtained；
Step 3: 3R high-precision pneumatic switch fixture (1) is mounted on ultra-precision machine tool to be detected, and adjusts dress level and hang down
Directly, standard cell sample block is installed in the X-axis of ultra-precision machine tool, passes through the X-axis of mobile ultra-precision machine tool, image detection submodule
Scanning standard step sample block, calibrates the XY deviation of directivity between micro-imaging center and Spectral Confocal center, and be input to PC
Processor (16)；
Detection process includes the following steps, and following steps sequentially carry out,
Step 1: obtaining image to tool surface by image detection submodule, detection zone is manually set in the picture, is passed through
The calibration coefficient obtained in the calibration process step 2 calculates size and the whole story position of detection zone；
Step 2: it is inclined to obtain the direction XY between micro-imaging center and Spectral Confocal center using the calibration process step 3
Difference, XY axis to the step 1 of mobile machine tool obtain detection zone initial position, and setting XY acquires step-length, starts Spectral Confocal
Detection sub-module carries out height scan to setting regions；
Restore to calculate Step 3: setting regions image grayscale figure is carried out the height map based on shape from shading SFS；
Step 4: the three-dimensional height map after the height map obtained in the step 3 and step 2 scanning is carried out at fusion
Reason obtains fusion height map；
Step 5: the height of the fusion height map obtained according to the step 4 is distributed, determine that cutter does not wear basal plane；
Step 6: being arranged and merging height map according to the basal plane in step 5, the wearing depth of current tool surface is calculated, is worn
Length and abrasion width.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112405110A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-26 | 上海交通大学 | Precision positioning device for included angle between cutting edge of turning tool and valve core |
| WO2022032820A1 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-02-17 | 上海交通大学 | Automatic tool setting system and method based on spectrum confocal displacement sensor |
| CN114227379A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-25 | 东莞市巨冈机械工业有限公司 | Five-axis numerical control machine tool intelligent monitoring system based on convolutional neural network |
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