CN109883846B - Three-dimensional loading test platform and test method based on large bridge immersed tube tunnel model - Google Patents
Three-dimensional loading test platform and test method based on large bridge immersed tube tunnel model Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 25
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional loading test platform based on a large bridge immersed tube tunnel model, which realizes the simulation of the stress condition of an immersed tube tunnel in actual engineering through a vertical loading system, a horizontal loading system and a vertical loading system of the inclined side of the immersed tube tunnel, improves the test precision and is convenient for observing the response of a structure in the test process. The free ends at the two ends of the immersed tube tunnel are used as boundary constraint through segment joints with effective lengths, so that the defect of insufficient boundary constraint conditions in the past is overcome. The three-dimensional loading test platform for researching the mechanical behaviors of the pipe joint and the segment joint of the immersed tube tunnel under different working conditions is provided, and the test requirements of the joint and the pipe section research can be met; the method overcomes the difficulty in replacing the joints of the sections of the immersed tube tunnel in the traditional study, saves test expenses, and provides references for the joint and the tube section study and design of the immersed tube tunnel under different working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering simulation tests, in particular to a three-dimensional loading test platform capable of simulating tube joint joints and segment joint mechanical behavior research of immersed tube tunnels under different working conditions (such as torsion, bending, shearing force and the like).
Background
The immersed tunnel is a tunnel built in water, and in order to prevent the external water from entering the tunnel, the air tightness of the tunnel must be ensured. Depending on the experimental model of the bridge immersed tube tunnel of the Kong-zhu Australian, the joint part is weaker in terms of strength, rigidity and airtightness than the tube section. The damage of the immersed tube tunnel is generally started from a weak position, namely a joint position, once the joint is permeated by water due to the damage, the immersed tube tunnel has extremely high threat to life and property security, and simultaneously, great difficulty is brought to repair. The students at home and abroad attach considerable importance to the research of immersed tunnel joints, in order to better simulate the influence of actual working conditions on joints and pipe sections, a water and soil loading device is generally adopted to realize three-dimensional loading, but simultaneously the response of the structure in the test process cannot be well observed. Along with the gradual penetration of tunnel professional research, higher requirements are put on the loading form and the precision of the large-scale tunnel model test.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the immersed tube tunnel model test, the invention provides a three-dimensional loading test platform required by the mechanical behavior study of tube section joints and segment joints of an immersed tube tunnel under different working conditions, which can meet the test requirements of the joint and tube section study; the method overcomes the difficulty in replacing the joints of the sections of the immersed tube tunnel in the traditional study, saves the test cost, and provides test reference for the future study of the joints of the immersed tube tunnel under different working conditions (such as torsion, bending, shearing force and the like) and the study and design of the sections of the tube.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a three-dimensional loading test platform based on a bridge immersed tube tunnel model is characterized in that: the hydraulic support system comprises a beam plate raft foundation, a hydraulic loading system, a computer control system, a section steel reaction frame, a buttress retaining wall and a reaction wall;
the beam plate raft foundation is provided with bolt holes for fixing the base of the hydraulic jack and ground anchor holes of the section steel reaction frame;
the hydraulic loading system comprises a vertical loading system, a horizontal loading system and a vertical loading system with inclined edges of the immersed tube tunnel, wherein the vertical loading system comprises a hydraulic jack group array which is arranged on a tunnel top plate to realize vertical downward loading and a tunnel bottom plate to realize vertical upward loading, the horizontal loading system comprises a hydraulic jack group array which is arranged on left and right side walls to realize horizontal loading, the vertical loading system comprises a hydraulic jack group array which is arranged on inclined edges of two sides of the tunnel to realize the inclined edges of the tunnel, and all hydraulic jacks realize the three-dimensional loading or plane loading of the tunnel under different working conditions through the combination control of a computer system;
the outer array of the immersed tube tunnel is provided with 11 profile steel reaction frame groups, the profile steel reaction frame groups comprise columns, inclined beams and top beams, the columns are fixed on a beam plate raft foundation through ground anchors, and the inclined beams are connected with the columns and the top beams;
the buttress retaining wall bottom plate is provided with bolt holes fixed with the beam-slab raft, and the wall is provided with bolt holes consistent with the section shape of the tunnel to fix effective tunnel section joints; the middle counter-force wall is provided with a bolt hole consistent with the section shape of the tunnel to fix the effective tunnel section joint.
In a preferred embodiment: the hydraulic jack groups on the tunnel roof are 66, the left side wall hydraulic jack group and the right side wall hydraulic jack group are 11 respectively, the hydraulic jack groups under the tunnel bottom plate are 88, all 198 hydraulic jacks are used for carrying out three-dimensional loading or plane loading on the tunnel through computer system combination control, force is transmitted between each hydraulic jack and the tunnel through a hemispherical body, and the force is always perpendicular to the tunnel surface loading under different working conditions.
In a preferred embodiment: a cylindrical hole with a diameter slightly larger than that of a shell of the hydraulic jack is reserved in the middle of a steel square column body of the hydraulic jack, a hydraulic oil pipe routing hole of the hydraulic jack is reserved at the bottom of a base of the hydraulic jack, and bolt holes corresponding to the beam-slab raft are reserved at four corners of the bottom of the base of the hydraulic jack and are used for fixing the hydraulic jack.
In a preferred embodiment: the angle of the inclined beam of the section steel reaction frame column is consistent with that of the tunnel inclined wall, and two ends of the section steel reaction frame column are fixed with the column and the top beam through high-strength bolts or welded.
The invention also provides a method for testing by using the three-dimensional loading test platform, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the reasonable size of the three-dimensional loading test platform according to the immersed tube tunnel test model and the load size;
(2) Arranging a proper hydraulic jack base group according to the size of a immersed tube tunnel test model, placing the hydraulic jack group on a base, and connecting oil pipes in series through wiring holes reserved at the bottom of the base; pouring a immersed tube tunnel test model on the basis of the model, wherein two sections of joints are tube section joints, and free sections at two ends are section joints; the free ends at two ends of the tunnel are respectively provided with a counter-force wall and a buttress retaining wall at a certain interval, then effective segment joints are manufactured and respectively fixed on the counter-force wall and the buttress retaining wall, and the effective segment joints are connected with the counter-force wall and the retaining wall through cushion blocks with replaceable joint spaces;
(3) Arranging a steel counterforce frame group outside the immersed tube tunnel in an array manner, wherein the bottom of a steel counterforce frame column is fixed on a beam plate type raft foundation through anchor rods, the angle of an inclined beam is consistent with that of a tunnel inclined wall, and two ends of the steel counterforce frame group are fixed with the column and a top beam through high-strength bolts by using steel backing plates or are welded and connected with each other; arranging hydraulic jack groups on the left and right side walls of the tunnel in an array manner, and connecting the hydraulic jacks with oil pipes on two sides of a section steel reaction frame column in series through anchor plates and anchor rods; the hydraulic jack groups are arranged on the oblique sides of the two sides of the tunnel in an array manner, and the hydraulic jacks are fixed on the two sides of the oblique beam of the section steel reaction frame through anchor plates and anchor rods and are connected in series with the oil pipes on the two sides of the oblique beam of the section steel reaction frame; arranging a hydraulic jack group on the tunnel roof in an array manner, wherein the hydraulic jack is fixed on the upper oil pipe of the profile steel reaction frame top beam in series through an anchor plate and an anchor rod;
(4) The hydraulic jack groups are used for carrying out three-dimensional loading or plane loading on the tunnel through computer system combination control, and hemispheres are filled between each hydraulic jack and the tunnel.
(5) And loading according to the working condition requirement required by the simulation test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the stress condition of the immersed tube tunnel in the actual engineering is simulated through the vertical loading system, the horizontal loading system and the vertical loading system of the inclined side of the immersed tube tunnel, the test precision is improved, and the response of the structure in the test process is conveniently observed.
The immersed tube tunnel is of a long and narrow structure, is often limited in the simulation test process, a section of tube section is usually selected as a test object in the test, free ends at two ends of the immersed tube tunnel cannot be well restrained, and the free ends at two ends of the immersed tube tunnel are restrained by a section joint with an effective length as a boundary, so that the defect of insufficient boundary restraint conditions in the past is overcome.
The invention can better realize the influence on the pipe joint, the section joint and the pipe body under different working conditions, the joint is easier to replace, the test expense is saved, and powerful support and reference are provided for the test research and design of immersed tunnel engineering.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required in the description of the exemplary embodiments will be briefly described below, and should not be construed as unduly limiting the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a three-dimensional loading test platform based on a bridge immersed tunnel model of a Gangzhu Australian bridge;
fig. 2 is a view showing a construction of a counter-force wall and a beam-slab raft foundation provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the reaction frame and hydraulic loading system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a immersed tube tunnel provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a base plate hydraulic jack set provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a buttress retaining wall and an effective segment joint provided by the present invention;
in the figure: 1 is a counterforce wall, 2 is a section steel counterforce frame, 2-1 is a top beam, 2-2 is an inclined beam, 2-3 is an upright post, 3 is a top plate hydraulic jack group, 4 is an inclined wall hydraulic jack group, 5 is a side wall hydraulic jack group, 6 is a immersed tube tunnel, 6-1 is a tube body, 6-2 is a tube section joint, 6-3 is a segment joint, 7 is a bottom plate hydraulic jack group, 7-1 is a hydraulic jack, 7-2 base, 7-3 bolt holes, 8 is a beam plate type raft, 9 is a buttress retaining wall, and 10 is an effective segment joint.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, and further explanation will be given by way of example of several specific examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein all technical and scientific terms have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It should be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and means, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, and means. It will be understood that when an apparatus is referred to as being "connected" or "fixed" to another apparatus, it can be directly connected or fixed, or intervening apparatuses may also be present. Further, "connected" or "secured" as used herein may include detachably connected or fixedly connected.
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention designs a three-dimensional loading test platform based on a large-bridge immersed tube tunnel model, and the structure diagram of the three-dimensional loading test platform comprises a beam-slab raft 8, hydraulic loading systems 3, 4, 5 and 7, a computer control system, a section steel reaction frame 2, a buttress retaining wall 9 and a reaction wall 1 as shown in figure 1.
In the preferential scheme, the hydraulic jack base 7-2 is fixed on the beam-plate raft 8 through bolt holes 7-3, the hydraulic jack 7-1 is placed in the base 7-2, and the hydraulic jack oil pipes are wired through wiring holes 7-4 at the bottom of the base 7-2 and connected in series to form an underfloor hydraulic jack group 7, as shown in fig. 5. Pouring a test model of the immersed tube tunnel 6 on the basis, wherein two sections of joints are tube section joints 6-2, and free sections at two ends are section joints 6-3; the free ends of the two ends of the tunnel are provided with a counterforce wall 1 and a buttress retaining wall 9 respectively at a certain interval, and then effective segment joints 10 are manufactured, as shown in figure 1.
In the preferential scheme, a section steel reaction frame group 2 is arranged outside a immersed tube tunnel 6 in an array way, the bottom of a section steel reaction frame column 2-3 is fixed on a beam plate raft foundation 8 through anchor rods, the angle of an inclined beam 2-2 is consistent with that of an inclined wall of the tunnel 6, and two ends of the inclined beam are fixed with the column and a top beam through high-strength bolts by using steel backing plates or are connected by adopting welding; the hydraulic jack groups 5 are arranged on the left and right side walls of the tunnel 6 in an array manner, and the hydraulic jacks are fixed on the two side oil pipes on the section steel reaction frame column 2-3 through anchor plates and anchor rods and are connected in series; the hydraulic jack groups 4 are arranged on the bevel edges of the two sides of the tunnel 6 in an array manner, and the hydraulic jacks are fixed on the two side oil pipes on the section steel reaction frame inclined beam 2-2 through anchor plates and anchor rods and are connected in series; the hydraulic jack group 3 is arranged on the tunnel roof in an array manner, and the hydraulic jack is connected with an oil pipe on the profile steel reaction frame top beam 2-1 in series through an anchor plate and an anchor rod, as shown in fig. 3.
In the preferential scheme, the top plate, the bottom plate, the inclined wall and the side wall hydraulic jack groups 3, 4, 5 and 7 of the immersed tube tunnel 6 are used for carrying out three-dimensional loading or plane loading on the tunnel 6 through the combination control of a computer system, and hemispheres are filled between each hydraulic jack and the tunnel.
In the preferential scheme, the counterforce wall 1 and the counterforce wall 9 are fixed with effective segment joints 10, the bottom plate of the counterforce wall 9 is fixed on the beam-plate raft 8 through anchor rods, the effective segment joints 10 are connected with cushion blocks with replaceable joint spaces between the counterforce wall 1 and the counterforce wall 9, and the effective segment joints 10 are butted with immersed tunnel joints 6-3, as shown in fig. 6.
When the test is carried out, the specific test process is as follows:
(1) Firstly, selecting a proper beam-slab raft 8, a hydraulic loading system, a computer control system, a section steel reaction frame 2, a buttress retaining wall 9 and a reaction wall 1 according to the size of a test model and the size of a required load;
(2) Arranging related devices according to the schematic diagrams of all parts shown in fig. 1, arranging oil pipes in series by using an array of hydraulic jacks under a bottom plate, manufacturing a immersed tube tunnel, arranging a section steel reaction frame group outside the immersed tube tunnel in an array manner and fixing the section steel reaction frame group, fixing a side wall loading system, an inclined wall loading system and a top plate loading system on the reaction frame group, installing effective section joints, and fixing a wall-supporting retaining wall to enable the effective section joints to be in butt joint with the immersed tube tunnel;
(3) When the test is loaded, according to the working condition required by the test, the hydraulic jack under the bottom plate is adjusted to meet the test requirement, and the side wall loading system, the inclined wall loading system and the top plate loading system realize three-dimensional loading or plane loading of the immersed tunnel through the hemispheroids;
(4) After the test is finished, firstly, the hydraulic jack is removed sequentially after the loading system (except the bottom plate hydraulic jack) is unloaded from top to bottom, secondly, the reaction frame group and the buttress retaining wall are removed, then the immersed tube tunnel is removed, the bottom plate loading system is unloaded, and finally, the loading platform is tidied up and can be recycled.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the stress condition of the immersed tube tunnel in actual engineering is simulated through the vertical loading system, the horizontal loading system and the inclined side vertical loading system of the immersed tube tunnel, so that the response of the structure in the test process can be observed conveniently; the free ends at the two ends of the tunnel are used as boundary constraint through the segment joints with effective lengths, so that the defect of insufficient boundary constraint conditions in the past is overcome, and powerful support and reference are provided for experimental study and design of immersed tube tunnel engineering.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily think of the variations or technical scope of the present invention disclosed. Alternatives are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A three-dimensional loading test platform based on a bridge immersed tube tunnel model is characterized in that: the hydraulic support system comprises a beam plate raft foundation, a hydraulic loading system, a computer control system, a section steel reaction frame, a buttress retaining wall and a reaction wall; the beam plate raft foundation is provided with bolt holes for fixing the base of the hydraulic jack and ground anchor holes of the section steel reaction frame;
the hydraulic loading system comprises a vertical loading system, a horizontal loading system and a vertical loading system with inclined edges of the immersed tube tunnel, wherein the vertical loading system comprises a hydraulic jack group array which is arranged on a tunnel top plate to realize vertical downward loading and a tunnel bottom plate to realize vertical upward loading, the horizontal loading system comprises a hydraulic jack group array which is arranged on left and right side walls to realize horizontal loading, the vertical loading system comprises a hydraulic jack group array which is arranged on inclined edges of two sides of the tunnel to realize the inclined edges of the tunnel, and all hydraulic jacks realize the three-dimensional loading or plane loading of the tunnel under different working conditions through the combination control of a computer system;
the outer array of the immersed tube tunnel is provided with 11 profile steel reaction frame groups, the profile steel reaction frame groups comprise columns, inclined beams and top beams, the columns are fixed on a beam plate raft foundation through ground anchors, and the inclined beams are connected with the columns and the top beams;
the buttress retaining wall bottom plate is provided with bolt holes fixed with the beam-slab raft, and the wall is provided with bolt holes consistent with the section shape of the tunnel to fix effective tunnel section joints; the counterforce wall is provided with a bolt hole with the same shape as the section of the tunnel to fix an effective tunnel section joint;
the number of hydraulic jack groups on the tunnel roof is 66, the number of hydraulic jack groups on the left side wall and the right side wall is 11, the number of hydraulic jack groups under the tunnel bottom plate is 88, all 198 hydraulic jacks are controlled by a computer system to carry out three-dimensional loading or plane loading on the tunnel, and force is transmitted between each hydraulic jack and the tunnel through a hemispherical body so as to realize that the force is always perpendicular to the tunnel surface loading under different working conditions; the angle of the inclined beam of the section steel reaction frame column is consistent with that of the tunnel inclined wall, and two ends of the section steel reaction frame column are fixed with the column and the top beam by steel backing plates through high-strength bolts or are connected with each other by welding;
the two sections of joints of the tunnel model are pipe joint joints, and the free sections at the two ends are segment joints.
2. The three-dimensional loading test platform based on the bridge immersed tube tunnel model according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional loading test platform is characterized in that: a cylindrical hole with a diameter slightly larger than that of a shell of the hydraulic jack is reserved in the middle of a steel square column body of the hydraulic jack, a hydraulic oil pipe routing hole of the hydraulic jack is reserved at the bottom of a base of the hydraulic jack, and bolt holes corresponding to the beam-slab raft are reserved at four corners of the bottom of the base of the hydraulic jack and are used for fixing the hydraulic jack.
3. A method of performing a test using the victimized load test platform of any one of claims 1-2, comprising the steps of:
(1) Determining the reasonable size of the three-dimensional loading test platform according to the immersed tube tunnel test model and the load size;
(2) Arranging a proper hydraulic jack base group according to the size of a immersed tube tunnel test model, placing the hydraulic jack group on a base, and connecting oil pipes in series through wiring holes reserved at the bottom of the base; pouring a immersed tube tunnel test model on the basis of the model, wherein two sections of joints are tube section joints, and free sections at two ends are section joints; the free ends at two ends of the tunnel are respectively provided with a counter-force wall and a buttress retaining wall at a certain interval, then effective segment joints are manufactured and respectively fixed on the counter-force wall and the buttress retaining wall, and the effective segment joints are connected with the counter-force wall and the retaining wall through cushion blocks with replaceable joint spaces;
(3) Arranging a steel counterforce frame group outside the immersed tube tunnel in an array manner, wherein the bottom of a steel counterforce frame column is fixed on a beam plate type raft foundation through anchor rods, the angle of an inclined beam is consistent with that of a tunnel inclined wall, and two ends of the steel counterforce frame group are fixed with the column and a top beam through high-strength bolts by using steel backing plates or are welded and connected with each other; arranging hydraulic jack groups on the left and right side walls of the tunnel in an array manner, and connecting the hydraulic jacks with oil pipes on two sides of a section steel reaction frame column in series through anchor plates and anchor rods; the hydraulic jack groups are arranged on the oblique sides of the two sides of the tunnel in an array manner, and the hydraulic jacks are fixed on the two sides of the oblique beam of the section steel reaction frame through anchor plates and anchor rods and are connected in series with the oil pipes on the two sides of the oblique beam of the section steel reaction frame; arranging a hydraulic jack group on the tunnel roof in an array manner, wherein the hydraulic jack is fixed on the upper oil pipe of the profile steel reaction frame top beam in series through an anchor plate and an anchor rod;
(4) The hydraulic jack groups are controlled by a computer system to carry out three-dimensional loading or plane loading on the tunnel, and a hemisphere is filled between each hydraulic jack and the tunnel;
(5) And loading according to the working condition requirement required by the simulation test.
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| CN111912718A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-10 | 铁科院(深圳)研究设计院有限公司 | Multi-type loading surface loading equipment |
| CN112595533B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-03-18 | 山东大学 | Shield tunnel stratum action simulation test device and test method thereof |
| CN113340639A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-09-03 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Experimental system for multi-field coupling sinking pipe tunnel structure deformation model |
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