CN111912718A - Multi-type loading surface loading equipment - Google Patents
Multi-type loading surface loading equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111912718A CN111912718A CN202010917836.3A CN202010917836A CN111912718A CN 111912718 A CN111912718 A CN 111912718A CN 202010917836 A CN202010917836 A CN 202010917836A CN 111912718 A CN111912718 A CN 111912718A
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- loading surface
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
Abstract
The invention provides multi-type loading surface loading equipment which comprises at least two loading devices connected into a whole, wherein each loading device comprises a jack system and a load distribution system; the jack system comprises jacks, and the jacks are fixed on jack supports and lean against the jack supports; the load distribution system comprises a cylindrical node and a load distribution beam, the cylindrical node is fixed at the telescopic end of the jack, a cylindrical groove matched with the cylindrical node is formed in the load distribution beam, and the load distribution beam is in contact with the loading surface; the load distribution beams of the adjacent loading devices are hinged to connect at least two loading devices into a whole; the invention provides a multi-type loading surface loading device which is suitable for loading multi-type loading surfaces, improves the working flexibility of a jack and is mainly used as a loading part of a tunnel full-scale test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of loading tools for tests, in particular to a multi-type loading surface loading device.
Background
In the field of underground engineering tunnels, because of few assumptions and intuitive results, a large-scale full-scale test is one of the most effective research means, and the large-scale full-scale test cannot be supported by test equipment; the loading device for the shield tunnel test generally comprises a plurality of loading points, each loading point is loaded by a single hydraulic jack, the single jack must be perpendicular to a test piece contact surface during loading, and the size of the test load applied to the test piece loading surface is changed by controlling the oil pressure of the jack during loading.
However, the tunnel has various structural shapes, which results in that when the loading jack is used for different types of tests, a large amount of disassembly and assembly modification work including angle adjustment needs to be carried out so as to adapt to the new structural shape. On one hand, the loading equipment can only be perpendicular to the contact surface to carry out the objective condition of loading, on the other hand, the tunnel field shape is increasingly diversified, and the circular, rectangular and quasi-rectangular of multiple sizes appear in a large number, and the traditional hydraulic jack can not efficiently adapt to the increasingly diversified shield tunnel test requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a multi-type loading surface loading device which is suitable for loading of multi-type loading surfaces, improves the working flexibility of a jack, is mainly used as a loading part of a full-scale test of a tunnel, and can be applied to the fields of industrial production operation and underground engineering construction.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a multi-type loading surface loading device comprises at least two loading devices which are connected into a whole, wherein each loading device comprises a jack system and a load distribution system;
the jack system comprises jacks, and the jacks are fixed on jack supports and lean against the jack supports;
the load distribution system comprises a cylindrical node and a load distribution beam, the cylindrical node is fixed at the telescopic end of the jack, a cylindrical groove matched with the cylindrical node is formed in the load distribution beam, and the load distribution beam is also contacted with a loading surface;
the load distribution beams of adjacent loading devices are hinged to connect at least two loading devices into a whole.
The whole cylindrical node is of a spherical structure, and the upper end of the spherical structure is provided with a groove matched with the telescopic end of the jack.
One side of the load distribution beam is in contact with the loading surface, the other side of the load distribution beam is provided with a cylindrical groove, the surface of the cylindrical groove in contact with the cylindrical node is a sliding surface, and a lubricating measure is arranged in the sliding surface and used for enabling the cylindrical node to smoothly rotate in the cylindrical groove so as to adapt to different loading surfaces.
The jack loading directions of the loading devices are the same, the telescopic end of the jack drives the cylindrical node fixed at the end part of the jack to apply loads to the load distribution beam in the loading process, and the loads applied to the load distribution beam are decomposed into loads vertical to the loading surface and loads parallel to the loading surface through the cylindrical node and the load distribution beam, so that the loads on different types of loading surfaces are realized.
The loading surface is divided into an asymmetric loading surface and a symmetric loading surface;
when the asymmetric loading surface is loaded, the load parallel to the loading surface, which is applied to the loading surface by the load distribution beam, can cause the load distribution beam to move to one side, so that the loading deviation is caused, and in order to limit the displacement, a backstop device is arranged on one side of the load distribution beam;
when the symmetrical loading surfaces are loaded, the loads parallel to the loading surfaces, which are applied to the loading surfaces by the load distribution beams, are mutually offset, and the displacement is not required to be limited.
The backing stopping device is a wedge block, when the asymmetric loading surface is a concrete loading surface, reinforcing steel bars are planted in the concrete loading surface, one side of the wedge block is abutted against the lower end of the load distribution beam, and the other side of the wedge block is welded with the reinforcing steel bars; and when the asymmetric loading surface is a steel loading surface, one side of the wedge block is abutted against the lower end of the load distribution beam, and the other side of the wedge block is welded with the steel loading surface.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the multi-type loading surface loading equipment provided by the invention is generally applied to the field of test equipment and engineering equipment, when a traditional jack is loaded, a loading axis needs to be vertical to a loading surface, if the loading surface of the jack is not vertical, the telescopic end of the jack is possibly bent, and the jack is difficult to return; the invention designs a loading device based on a jack system and a load distribution system based on the traditional hydraulic jack technology, so that the traditional hydraulic jack system can adapt to various types of loading surfaces such as planes, inclined planes within 10 degrees, cambered surfaces and the like after being simply transformed, can automatically adapt to the change of the shape and the inclination angle of the loading surface, and improves the working capacity.
2. The invention has wider application range, not only can be applied to the field of large-scale tunnel full-scale tests, but also can be applied to various scenes in which the hydraulic jack is widely applied, such as: industrial production operation, underground engineering construction and the like, so the flexibility of the invention is higher.
3. The hydraulic jack system can be simply transformed from the traditional hydraulic jack system, and is simple in transformation and low in cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the asymmetric loading surface of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the symmetrical loading plane of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the cylindrical node and load distribution beam of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the retaining device of the present invention.
1. The jack supports the backrest; 2. a jack; 3. a cylindrical node; 4. a load distribution beam; 5. a backstop device; 6. and (4) a groove.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
Example 1:
the embodiment of the invention provides multi-type loading surface loading equipment which comprises at least two loading devices connected into a whole, wherein each loading device comprises a jack system and a load distribution system;
the jack system comprises jacks 2, and the jacks 2 are all fixed on jack support backrests 1;
the load distribution system comprises a cylindrical node 3 and a load distribution beam 4, the cylindrical node 3 is fixed at the telescopic end of the jack 2, a cylindrical groove matched with the cylindrical node 3 is formed in the load distribution beam 4, and the load distribution beam 4 is also in contact with a loading surface;
the load distribution beams 4 of adjacent loading devices are hinged to connect at least two loading devices into a whole.
Further, the cylindrical node 3 is integrally of a spherical structure, and a groove matched with the telescopic end of the jack 2 is formed in the upper end of the spherical structure.
Furthermore, one side of the load distribution beam 4 is in contact with a loading surface, the other side of the load distribution beam 4 is provided with a cylindrical groove, the surface of the cylindrical groove in contact with the cylindrical node 3 is a sliding surface, and a lubricating measure is arranged in the sliding surface and used for enabling the cylindrical node 3 to smoothly rotate in the cylindrical groove so as to adapt to different loading surfaces.
The multi-type loading surface loading equipment provided by the invention is generally applied to the field of test equipment and engineering equipment, when a traditional jack is loaded, a loading axis needs to be vertical to a loading surface, if the loading surface of the jack is not vertical, the telescopic end of the jack is possibly bent, and the jack is difficult to return; the invention designs a loading device based on a jack system and a load distribution system based on the traditional hydraulic jack technology, so that the traditional hydraulic jack system can adapt to various types of loading surfaces such as planes, inclined planes within 10 degrees, cambered surfaces and the like after being simply transformed, can automatically adapt to the change of the shape and the inclination angle of the loading surface, and improves the working capacity;
the jack system comprises jacks 2, fixed ends of the jacks 2 are fixed on jack support backrests 1, the length of the jack support backrests 1 can be adjusted according to actual conditions, for example, when the jack support backrests 1 are rod bodies, rod bodies with proper lengths can be selected according to actual conditions, and the jack support backrests 1 are pressed in tunnels; the jack 2 in the prior art is provided with a pressure sensor and a stroke sensor for measuring the load of the jack 2 and the stroke of the telescopic end of the jack 2;
the number of the loading devices is preferably two, the loading directions of the two loading devices are perpendicular to the loading surface, the fixed end of the jack is fixed on the back rest of the jack support, and the load distribution beams 4 of the two loading devices are hinged; according to the invention, the groove formed on the cylindrical node 3 is customized according to the size of the existing jack, in the loading process, one side of the load distribution beam 4 is firstly contacted with a loading surface, the other side of the load distribution beam is provided with the cylindrical groove, so that the cylindrical node 3 and the load distribution beam 4 can relatively rotate to adapt to different loading surfaces, the cylindrical node 3 fixed at the telescopic end of the jack 2 is kept still during loading, the load distribution beam 4 automatically rotates to adapt to the loading of different types of loading surfaces, and meanwhile, in the loading process, the size of a test load applied to the loading surface is controlled by using a sensor carried by the jack.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, based on embodiment 1, the jack 2 of each loading device has the same loading direction, the telescopic end of the jack 2 drives the cylindrical node 3 with the fixed end to apply a load to the load distribution beam 4 during the loading process, and the load applied to the load distribution beam 4 is decomposed into loads perpendicular to the loading surface and parallel to the loading surface through the cylindrical node 3 and the load distribution beam 4, so that the loading on different types of loading surfaces is realized.
Further, the loading surface is divided into an asymmetric loading surface and a symmetric loading surface;
when the asymmetric loading surface is loaded, the load parallel to the loading surface, which is applied to the loading surface by the load distribution beam 4, can cause the load distribution beam 4 to move to one side, so that the load is deviated, and in order to limit the displacement, a backstop device 5 is arranged on one side of the load distribution beam 4;
when the symmetrical loading surfaces are loaded, the loads parallel to the loading surfaces, which are applied to the loading surfaces by the load distribution beams 4, are mutually offset, and the displacement does not need to be limited.
Furthermore, the retaining device 5 is a wedge, when the asymmetric loading surface is a concrete loading surface, reinforcing steel bars are planted in the concrete loading surface, one side of the wedge is abutted against the lower end of the load distribution beam 4, and the other side of the wedge is welded with the reinforcing steel bars; when the asymmetric loading surface is a steel loading surface, one side of the wedge block is abutted against the lower end of the load distribution beam 4, and the other side of the wedge block is welded with the steel loading surface.
Different types of loading surfaces are divided into asymmetric loading surfaces and symmetric loading surfaces according to whether the loading surfaces are symmetric or not, and can be divided into planes, inclined surfaces within 10 degrees and cambered surfaces according to the shapes of the loading surfaces;
for example: when loading an inclined plane within 10 degrees of asymmetry, as shown in figure 1, a load distribution beam 4 is firstly placed on the asymmetric loading inclined plane, the telescopic end of a jack 2 of each loading device drives a cylindrical node 3 fixed at the end part of the jack to apply load to the load distribution beam 4, the load parallel to a loading surface applied by the load distribution beam 4 to the loading surface can cause the load distribution beam 4 to move to one side, so that the loading deviation is caused, and at the moment, in order to avoid the loading deviation, a backstop device 5 is arranged on one side of the load distribution beam 4; the telescopic end of the jack 2 of each loading device drives the cylindrical node 3 fixed at the end part of the jack to apply load to the load distribution beam 4, the cylindrical node 3 is kept still in the loading process, the load applied to the load distribution beam 4 is decomposed into loads vertical to the loading surface and parallel to the loading surface through the cylindrical node 3 and the load distribution beam 4, so that the loading on the loading surfaces of different types is realized, and meanwhile, the size of the test load applied to the loading surface is controlled by a sensor carried by the jack in the loading process.
The backstop device 5 is a wedge block, when the asymmetric loading surface is a concrete loading surface, reinforcing steel bars are planted in the concrete loading surface, one side of the wedge block is abutted against the lower end of the load distribution beam 4, and the other side of the wedge block is welded with the reinforcing steel bars; when the asymmetric loading surface is a steel loading surface, one side of the wedge block is abutted against the lower end of the load distribution beam 4, and the other side of the wedge block is welded with the steel loading surface.
For example: when the symmetrical cambered surface is loaded, as shown in figure 2, the load distribution beam 4 is firstly placed on the symmetrical loading cambered surface, the telescopic ends of the jacks 2 of the two loading devices drive the cylindrical nodes 3 fixed at the ends of the jacks to apply loads to the load distribution beam 4, and as the loading surface is of a symmetrical structure, the loads parallel to the loading surface point to two opposite directions, the forces in the two directions are mutually counteracted, and the load distribution beam 4 cannot deviate, so that the displacement is not required to be limited; in the loading process, the cylindrical node 3 is kept still, and the load applied to the load distribution beam 4 is decomposed into loads vertical to the loading surface and parallel to the loading surface through the cylindrical node 3 and the load distribution beam 4, so that the relative rotation between the load distribution beam 4 and the cylindrical node 3 is realized, the loading of different types of loading surfaces is adapted, and meanwhile, the size of the test load applied to the loading surface is controlled by using a sensor carried by the jack in the loading process.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
equipment installation:
1. customizing the size of a groove 6 formed at the upper end of the cylindrical node 3 according to the size of the jack 2;
2. firstly, a cylindrical node 3 is installed at the telescopic end of a jack 2, then a load distribution beam 4 is placed on a loading surface, if the loading surface is an asymmetric loading surface, in order to avoid loading deviation, a backstop device 5 is required to be arranged on one side of the load distribution beam 4; if the loading surface is bilaterally symmetrical, the retaining device 5 is not needed, and the load distribution beam 4 is lubricated on one side close to the loading surface and one side of the cylindrical node 3 to reduce the friction force;
equipment debugging:
1. the jack 2 is pushed to enable the cylindrical node 3 to be in contact with a cylindrical groove formed in the load distribution beam 4 and to press the load distribution beam 4 tightly.
2. And the jack 2 is continuously pushed to enable the load distribution beam 4 to tightly press the loading surface, and the jacking debugging load is 10% of the load in the application period.
The device application comprises the following steps:
after the equipment is installed and debugged, the applied load vertical to the loading surface is calculated according to the following formula:
F＝Psinθ
in the formula, F is the load vertical to the loading surface, P is the load of the jack, and theta is the included angle between the tangent line of the loading surface and the axis of the jack.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-type loading surface loading device, which is suitable for multi-type loading surface loading, improves the working flexibility of a jack, is mainly used as a loading part of a full-scale test of a tunnel, and can also be applied to multi-type loading surface loading devices in the fields of industrial production operations and underground engineering construction.
The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The loading equipment for the multi-type loading surfaces is characterized by comprising at least two loading devices which are connected into a whole, wherein each loading device comprises a jack system and a load distribution system;
the jack system comprises jacks (2), and the jacks (2) are fixed on jack support backrests (1);
the load distribution system comprises a cylindrical node (3) and a load distribution beam (4), the cylindrical node (3) is fixed at the telescopic end of the jack (2), a cylindrical groove matched with the cylindrical node (3) is formed in the load distribution beam (4), and the load distribution beam (4) is also in contact with a loading surface;
the load distribution beams (4) of the adjacent loading devices are hinged to connect at least two loading devices into a whole.
2. The multi-type loading surface loading device according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical node (3) is a cylindrical structure as a whole, and the upper end of the cylindrical structure is provided with a groove (6) matched with the telescopic end of the jack (2).
3. The multi-type loading surface loading device according to claim 1, wherein one side of the load distributing beam (4) is in contact with the loading surface, the other side of the load distributing beam (4) is provided with a cylindrical groove, the contact surface of the cylindrical groove and the cylindrical node (3) is a sliding surface, and a lubricating measure is arranged in the sliding surface and is used for enabling the cylindrical node (3) to smoothly rotate in the cylindrical groove so as to adapt to different loading surfaces.
4. The multi-type loading surface loading device according to claim 1, wherein the loading direction of the jack (2) of each loading device is the same, the telescopic end of the jack (2) drives the cylindrical node (3) with the fixed end to apply load to the load distribution beam (4) during loading, and the load applied to the load distribution beam (4) is decomposed into loads perpendicular to the loading surface and loads parallel to the loading surface through the cylindrical node (3) and the load distribution beam (4), so that loading on different types of loading surfaces is realized.
5. The multi-type loading surface loading apparatus of claim 4, wherein the loading surface is divided into an asymmetric loading surface and a symmetric loading surface;
when the asymmetric loading surface is loaded, the load parallel to the loading surface, which is applied to the loading surface by the load distribution beam (4), can cause the load distribution beam (4) to move to one side, so that the loading deviation is caused, and in order to limit the displacement, a backstop device (5) is arranged on one side of the load distribution beam (4);
when the symmetrical loading surfaces are loaded, the loads parallel to the loading surfaces, which are applied to the loading surfaces by the load distribution beams (4), are mutually offset, and the displacement is not required to be limited.
6. The multi-type loading surface loading device according to claim 5, wherein the stopping device (5) is a wedge, when the asymmetric loading surface is a concrete loading surface, reinforcing steel bars are planted in the concrete loading surface, one side of the wedge is abutted against the lower end of the load distribution beam (4), and the other side of the wedge is welded with the reinforcing steel bars; when the asymmetric loading surface is a steel loading surface, one side of the wedge block is abutted against the lower end of the load distribution beam (4), and the other side of the wedge block is welded with the steel loading surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010917836.3A CN111912718A (en) | 2020-09-03 | 2020-09-03 | Multi-type loading surface loading equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010917836.3A CN111912718A (en) | 2020-09-03 | 2020-09-03 | Multi-type loading surface loading equipment |
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| CN111912718A true CN111912718A (en) | 2020-11-10 |
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| CN202010917836.3A Pending CN111912718A (en) | 2020-09-03 | 2020-09-03 | Multi-type loading surface loading equipment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113455864A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-01 | 深圳市简如法工程咨询有限公司 | Automatic and rapid three-dimensional formwork supporting device and method |
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| CN212321315U (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2021-01-08 | 铁科院(深圳)研究设计院有限公司 | Multi-type loading surface loading equipment |
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2020
- 2020-09-03 CN CN202010917836.3A patent/CN111912718A/en active Pending
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| CN201503375U (en) * | 2009-09-22 | 2010-06-09 | 袁兆华 | Radial loading and testing investment of drilling jack |
| CN103575597A (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-02-12 | 湖南工业大学 | Axial compression column non-loading reinforcement test device |
| CN104089820A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-08 | 华东交通大学 | Device for testing loading of component compositely stressed by pressure, bending moment and shearing force |
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| CN113455864A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-01 | 深圳市简如法工程咨询有限公司 | Automatic and rapid three-dimensional formwork supporting device and method |
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