CN109883785A - A kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock sample preparation device and method based on 3D printing - Google Patents
A kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock sample preparation device and method based on 3D printing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock sample preparation device and method based on 3D printing, structural parameters including collection in worksite underground coal measure strata coal and rock, establish digitally layer model, choose reasonable similar material mixture, prepare concrete material, with 3D printing technique, printing prepares complex layered structure class strata model, and it is conserved, after the completion of maintenance, overall model is taken out, coring is carried out on the corning machine of special adjustable frames and processing polishing is carried out to it, finally obtains stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock sample.The present invention can accurate geological structures such as various joints, crack, stratification, tomography included in restoration simulation underground engineering stratum, coal measure strata occurrence is accurately reproduced, providing coal and rock sample can be the mechanical behavior research convenience of complex layered structure coal and rock.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock preparation method of sample based on 3D printing technique, it is particularly suitable
In underground coal mine exploitation field coal measure strata sample preparation, belong to rock mass mechanics field.
Background technique
Beded rock mass be rock in diagenetic process through the extruding of mineral, dehydration, recrystallization, it is cementing the effects of after by certain
Order be deposited compacting as a result, its structural form is mostly stratiform or plate.Since stratiform coal petrography material is in very long generating process
In complexity and coal petrography itself suffered by more phase tectogenetic influences, stratification, joint, piece reason etc. macroscopical structure planes and fine fisssure
The microdefects such as gap, cavity are more developed, so that the physical mechanics behavior of coal petrography material is extremely complex, such coal and rock engineering is easy
Buckling, sliding, shearing and stretching splitting etc. occurs to destroy.The lithology of stratiform coal and rock and the safety and stability pair of rock stratum composite structure
Underground engineering rock mass environmental effect and face surrounding rock stability have larger impact.Slabby coal rock mass damage Evolution is studied to this
Class coal and rock Stability Analysis of The Surrounding Rock and control are of great significance.
The mechanical behavior feature of complicated rock mass is always the hot issue of academia and engineering circles concern.Traditional coal petrography mechanics
Property research mainly carries out based on Rock Mechanics Test from drilling through coal petrography sample core, due to the coal petrography carried out using live coring
Many limitations such as mechanics attributes research is small with specimen size, optional range is small, interfacial failure, and inclination angle is non-adjustable, cannot
True reflection underground engineering coal and rock internal flaw, so that certain problem is brought to the research of slabby coal rock masses fracturing mechanism of Evolution,
This greatlys restrict the research of slabby coal rock mass mechanics.Rock-like materials test preferably solves the problems, such as this, but utilizes biography
Class rock mass sample model of the artificial method for making sample production containing complicated joint structure feature and internal flaw of system still has very disaster
Degree.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock preparation method of sample based on 3D printing technique.It can be more
The geological structures such as various joints, crack, stratification, tomography included in accurate restoration simulation underground engineering stratum, compared with subject to
True reproduction coal measure strata occurrence, providing coal and rock sample can be the mechanical behavior research convenience of complex layered structure coal and rock.
The present invention is realized by following technical proposals.
The present invention provides a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock preparation method of sample based on 3D printing, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
S1, according to mining area or field with "nine squares" coal measure strata composite columnar section, analyze determine each layer of coal or attitude of rock, thickness,
Lithologic structure parameter；Record the random joints of preservation, crack, tomography Engineering Geologic Characteristics in coal seam or rock stratum；Live coring exists
The rock mechanics parameters of experimental determination mining area coal measure strata establish digitally layer model according to the data of collection in worksite；
S2 chooses similar material mixture, prepares concrete slurry；
S3 carries out three-dimensional modeling with CAD software at the end pc of 3D printer, creates into the three-dimensional CAD model stl triangulation network
Three-dimensional CAD model slicing delamination is exported G code from stl triangle gridding format, instruction 3D printer spray head is mobile by sound of laughing formula
To designated position gunning concrete, printing prepares complex layered structure class strata model, and is conserved；
Overall model is carried out on the corning machine of special adjustable frames coring, and carries out processing polishing to it by S4,
Finally obtain stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock sample.
Further, the tomography Engineering Geologic Characteristics include joint, the length in crack, angle and move towards closeness.
Further, the rock mechanics parameters include uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength, elasticity modulus and Poisson
Than.
Further, the concrete slurry is prepared according to the raw material of following mass ratioes:
Cement 20~65%；Quartz sand 20~65%；Water 10~20%；Gypsum 5~10%.
No. 42.5 silicates of the cement selection；The quartz grain fineness number is 70-140 mesh.
Further, the step S3, print procedure include the following steps:
1) print position is selected, computer automatically generates print path；
2) computer controls driving device, by configured concrete material, polylactic acid polymer plastic by identification signal
Slurry respectively enters printing head by extruding device, by step motor control, starts to print first layer through spray head extrusion；
3) print path automatically generated according to the above-mentioned end pc first turns on No.1 printing head, prints concrete model,
When spray head marches at Embedded defect, No.1 spray head is closed, opens No. two spray heads, printing is prefabricated including joint, crack, tomography
Defect；After the completion of Embedded defect printing, No. two spray heads are closed, open No.1 spray head, continue to print concrete model；Until the
Mat formation for one layer and finishes；
4) when first layer concrete model reaches the presetting period, the Z axis height of spray head is adjusted, automatically turns on printing journey
Sequence prints the second layer.Repeat step 1)~3), the completion until concrete model is mated formation.
Further, the step S3 is conserved after the completion of concrete model printing, is drawn off being put into curing box
It is interior, 20~25 DEG C of fixed temperature is set, humidity 90~95% stands 28~30d.
Further, the step S4 carries out processing polishing to test test specimen, and test specimen two ends face nonparallelism is not answered after grinding
Greater than 0.05mm, axial deviation should not exceed 0.25 °.
The present invention gives the stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock sample preparation based on 3D printing of above method use in turn
Device, including printer outer framework are equipped with print platform and the end printer pc in printer outer framework；On the print platform
It is provided with traveling driving motor, Y-direction running rail is also connected on print platform, the Y-direction running rail is equipped with
By the X-direction running rail of drive wheel, 3D printer spray head is equipped on X-direction running rail；The 3D printer spray
Head is equipped with aqueduct 7 and passage；It is vertically installed with Z-direction running rail in print platform, Z-direction running rail bottom end is set
Blowing platform.
Further, the 3D printer spray head 9 includes the feed pipe that PVC pipeline Y managed and be located at its side wall, in PVC pipeline Y
Pipe upper end is equipped with the motor coupling connecting with X-direction running rail, is equipped with bore hole auger in PVC pipeline Y pipe；?
Replaceable nozzle of the PVC pipeline Y pipe lower end equipped with printing nozzle seat and thereon.
Further, the printing nozzle seat is connect by pvc pipe cap with PVC pipeline Y pipe.
The main advantages of the present invention have:
1, with 3D printing technique, test specimen production process is simplified, compared with common artificial mixing concrete, is saved
A large amount of labour capacity.Because the concrete material that can be used in 3D printer passes through working process, there is rapid hardening, pole
Big shortens concrete sample Production Time, largely improves test material preparation efficiency.
It 2, can be according to different geological conditions, supplemented with the defect sturcture inside rock mass.Made laminar type discontinuity coal petrography
In body, different height, different layers of concrete samples, various " class rocks needed for making can be made according to engineering requirements
Stone " test specimen.
3, the double spray head 3D printers used, can directly print Embedded defect, instead of Embedded defect of manually mating formation in the past,
The type for enriching Embedded defect avoids because manual operation brings unnecessary error to final result.
4, a kind of rock corning machine that pedestal can be adjusted voluntarily has been used, according to different geological conditions, inclination angle has been adjusted, obtains
Laminar type discontinuity coal and rock under to different angle, and the test piece angle made is more accurate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is step flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is 3D printing concrete equipment composition figure；
Fig. 3 is 3D printer model concept schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of No.1 printing head；
Fig. 5 is digitally layer model simplified schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 be coal and rock angle be 30 ° when test specimen schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the specific coring support schematic diagram of production.
In figure: 1, the end printer pc；2, printer outer framework；3, driving motor is travelled；4, driving wheel；5, Y-direction travels
Track；6, X-direction running rail；7, aqueduct；8, passage；9, nozzle structure；10, Z-direction running rail；11, blowing is flat
Platform；12, PVC pipeline Y is managed；13, pvc pipe cap；14,3D printing nozzle carrier；15, replaceable nozzle；16, feed pipe；17, motor
Shaft coupling；18, bore hole auger.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but is not intended as doing invention any limit
The foundation of system.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock preparation method of sample of the invention based on 3D printing, including
Following steps:
Step 1: the structural mechanics parameter collection in worksite of underground coal measure strata stratiform coal and rock.According to mining area or field with "nine squares" coal
It is stratum composite columnar section, analyzes and determine the structural parameters such as each layer of coal or attitude of rock, thickness, lithology；Using photograph, sketch
Method records Engineering Geologic Characteristics (joint, the length in crack, angle such as random joints, crack, tomography of preservation in coal seam or rock stratum
Spend, move towards closeness etc.)；Live coring experimental determination mining area coal measure strata rock mechanics parameters (uniaxial compressive strength,
Uniaxial tensile strength, elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio etc.)；According to the data of collection in worksite, it is (long to establish digitally layer model
450mm, wide 350mm, high 120mm).It include parallel crack, intersection crack, perforation crack, intermittent fracture etc. in model, it can be compared with
For the attitude of stratum feature at the scene of completely restoring.As shown in Figure 5.
Step 2: prepared by concrete slurry.It, should be in strict accordance with " normal concrete mix physical property when preparing concrete slurry
Energy experimental method standard GB/T50080-2002 " it is described, select No. 42.5 portland cements, quartz sand, water, the stone of 70-140 mesh
The analog materials such as cream make the concrete material of varying strength according to different composition proportions, according to the raw material of following mass ratioes
Preparation:
No. 42.5 portland cements 20~65%；Quartz sand 20~65%；Water 10~20%；Gypsum 5~10%.
Through maintenance, indoor laboratory test, successively measure concrete mechanics parameter made by various proportions, by its with it is existing
The practical coal petrography mechanics parameter in field is compared, and is modified to its result, so that it is determined that the optimal proportion of concrete material preparation.It is existing
Provide a kind of proportion: portland cement: quartz sand: water=1:0.86:0.45.Select No. 42.5 portland cements 40kg, 70-
The quartz sand 34.4kg of 140 mesh, tap water 18kg measure manufactured concrete strength σ=43.68Mpa, E=11.02, by it
With the practical mechanics parameter of live sandstone (σ=42.33Mpa, E=10.46) compare, it is believed that its reached allowable range of error it
It is interior, therefore proportion meets the requirements.
In another embodiment, concrete material cement 20%；Quartz sand 65%；Water 10%；Gypsum 5%.
In further embodiment, concrete material cement 65%；Quartz sand 20%；Water 10%；Gypsum 5%.
In further embodiment, concrete material cement 55%；Quartz sand 15%；Water 20%；Gypsum 10%.
After proportion determines, analog material is put into stirring basin and is stirred, when cement slurry grainless, stops stirring.
Slurries are put into the material storing box of 3D printer, printing head constructional device 9 is imported by passage 8, terminates concrete slurry production
Process.
Step 3: by figure that determining digital stratum model conversation is on computer screen at the end 3D printer pc 1
Shape and model data.Three-dimensional modeling (long 450mm, wide 350mm, high 120mm) is carried out by software (CAD), is classified as six layers,
Every layer of 20mm.It should be noted that: due to containing different Geological Defects (inclination angle, joint, crack, construction etc.), modeling in stratum
When also should with due regard to, after obtaining model, then by the threedimensional model built up " subregion " at layer-by-layer section, i.e. slice (cure),
Data basis is provided to successively print for printer.Three-dimensional CAD model is created with CAD software.It converts design philosophy to
The three-dimensional CAD model of figure and model data on computer screen, creation is stored with stl triangle gridding format；Slice
Software exports G code by three-dimensional CAD model slicing delamination, from stl.G code instruction print head is moved to designated position and goes to spray
Concrete.
Step 4: Embedded defect model printing technology.Using double spray head 3D printing devices, as shown in figure 3, device includes beating
Print machine outer framework 2 is equipped with print platform and the end printer pc in printer outer framework 2；Traveling is provided on print platform to drive
Dynamic motor 3, is also connected with Y-direction running rail 5 on print platform, and Y-direction running rail 5 is equipped with and is driven by driving wheel 4
X-direction running rail 6, on X-direction running rail 6 be equipped with 3D printer spray head 9；3D printer spray head 9 is equipped with water guide
Pipe 7 and passage 8；It is vertically installed with Z-direction running rail 10 in print platform, it is flat that 10 bottom end of Z-direction running rail sets blowing
Platform 11.
As shown in figure 4,3D printer spray head 9 includes No.1 printing head and No. two printing heads, including PVC pipeline Y is managed
12 and it is located at the feed pipe 16 of its side wall, the motor connecting with X-direction running rail 6 is equipped in 12 upper end of PVC pipeline Y pipe
Shaft coupling 17 is equipped with bore hole auger 18 in PVC pipeline Y pipe 12, is equipped with printing nozzle seat 14 in 12 lower end of PVC pipeline Y pipe,
Printing nozzle seat 14 is connect by pvc pipe cap 13 with PVC pipeline Y pipe 12, and printing nozzle seat 14 is equipped with replaceable nozzle 15.Its
In, No.1 printing head sprays concrete slurry, and for printing concrete model, No. two printing heads spray polylactic acid macromolecule
Plastics, for printing Embedded defect.
Printing technology process can be divided into the following steps:
(1) print position is selected, computer automatically generates print path, starts to print.
(2) computer controls driving device, by configured concrete slurry, polylactic acid macromolecule by identification signal
Plastics slurry respectively enters one, No. two printing head by extruding device, by step motor control, starts to print through spray head extrusion
First layer.First by configured concrete slurry by feed pipe 16, into pvc pipe Y pipe 12；At the same time, by driving electricity
Machine 3 adjusts the position of printing head device 15, makes its running rail 6 in X direction, Y-direction running rail 5, Z-direction running rail
10 is mobile, until when with blowing 11 optimum position of platform, fixed Z-direction running rail makes ejecting device in this plane of XOY
It moves horizontally.(you need to add is that when needing in the concrete model that prints containing anticline, to oblique class geological structure, the side Z
To running rail can not fix, the running track of spray head should be in space at this time) starting print routine, filled through printing head
Set 15 extrusions printing first layer concrete model.
(3) print path (can artificially change when necessary) automatically generated according to the above-mentioned end pc first turns on No.1 printing
Spray head prints concrete model, when spray head marches at Embedded defect, closes No.1 spray head, and X, the Y for adjusting No. two spray heads are sat
Cursor position opens No. two spray heads, and making No. two spray heads, and then the stop position of No.1 spray head continues to move.Print Embedded defect
(joint, crack, tomography etc.).After the completion of Embedded defect printing, No. two spray heads are closed, open No.1 spray head, it is mixed to continue printing
Solidifying soil model.Until first layer is mated formation and is finished.
(4) it (voluntarily controlled, observed by computer, also depending on its phase when first layer concrete model reaches the presetting period
Like material properties), adjust the Z axis height of spray head.At the same time, check whether printing head 15 and conveying pipeline 7 block, if occurring
Above situation is replaced spray head and is cleaned with pipeline and immediately, in case of recycling open printing program, the printing second layer next time.Weight
Multiple above-mentioned steps (1) arrives step (3), the completion until concrete model is mated formation.
Step 5: maintenance.After the completion of concrete model printing, it is drawn off being placed in curing box, sets fixed temperature
It spends (20 DEG C), humidity (95%), guarantees that concrete has certain humidity, reduce its dewatering speed.It prevents dewatering speed too fast, leads
Mold inner concrete cracking is caused, final effect is influenced.Stand 28d.
Step 6: physical model coring.Specific coring support is made, its angle is adjusted, simulates formation dip；According to " coal
With physical-mechanical properties of rock measuring method part 1: sampling general provision " (GB/T23561.1-2009), the sampling of sample
Method is to drill through, and using mining seperated churn corning machine, drills through stratiform preset defect coal and rock sample.Make specific coring branch
Seat adjusts the angle, and simulates formation dip.Support consists of three parts: mounting table, elevating lever, control handle.By the coagulation of taking-up
Soil is placed on mounting table, stretches out mounting table bottom baffle, and during preventing angle from raising, stratiform concrete model is slid.So
Operation handle is used afterwards, is increased elevating lever slowly, when reaching its required angle (example: 30 °, seeing Fig. 6), is stopped operation.It uses
Mining fission churn corning machine makes following calculating (see Fig. 7) in conjunction with mold size:
Because taking standard specimen, L need to be greater than 100mm, therefore:
It obtains:
2cos α+sin α < 2.4
According to auxiliary angle formula, obtain:
That is: sin (α+63.434) < 1.0733
In formula: L is the effective length that corning machine drills through, and α is simulation formation dip.
This inequality meets forever in the value range (0 °~90 °) of α.Illustrate, with the continuous variation at inclination angle, L's
Value can also change, but meet requirement of experiment.
Mining seperated churn corning machine is operated, power supply is first turned on, operation handwheel keeps pedestal front, rear, left and right mobile,
When reaching optimum position, stop operated by handwheel.At this point, clicking " under crawl is fast " button, slowly move downward drill bit.In distance
When concrete sample certain distance (10mm or so), " host-initiated " button is clicked, starts drill bit, " drilling starts " is clicked and presses
Button starts core-drilling.When drilling through effective length and reaching requirement (> 100mm), stop drilling through.Button " on fast " is clicked, makes to bore
Head rises, and takes out unformed test specimen.Restore mining seperated churn corning machine.
Step 7: final test specimen generates.Sample is processed as various test test specimens with rock cutter, it will on stone mill
Test specimen two ends polish, and test specimen two ends face nonparallelism should not exceed 0.05mm after grinding, and axial deviation should not exceed 0.25 °.It takes
Standard specimen (cylindrical body of φ 50mm*100mm) out.As shown in Figure 6.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock preparation method of sample based on 3D printing, which comprises the steps of:
S1 is analyzed according to mining area or field with "nine squares" coal measure strata composite columnar section and is determined each layer of coal or attitude of rock, thickness, lithology
Structural parameters；Record the random joints of preservation, crack, tomography Engineering Geologic Characteristics in coal seam or rock stratum；Live coring is being tested
Room measures the rock mechanics parameters of mining area coal measure strata, according to the data of collection in worksite, establishes digitally layer model；
S2 chooses similar material mixture, prepares concrete slurry；
S3 carries out three-dimensional modeling with CAD software at the end pc of 3D printer, creation at three-dimensional CAD model with the stl triangulation network sound of laughing
Three-dimensional CAD model slicing delamination is exported G code from stl triangle gridding format, instruction 3D printer spray head is moved to finger by formula
Gunning concrete is set in positioning, and printing prepares complex layered structure class strata model, and is conserved；
Overall model is carried out on the corning machine of special adjustable frames coring, and carries out processing polishing to it by S4, finally
Obtain stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock sample.
2. a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock preparation method of sample based on 3D printing according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the tomography Engineering Geologic Characteristics include joint, the length in crack, angle and move towards closeness.
3. a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock preparation method of sample based on 3D printing according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the rock mechanics parameters include uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength, elasticity modulus and Poisson's ratio.
4. a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock preparation method of sample based on 3D printing according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the concrete slurry is prepared according to the raw material of following mass ratioes:
Cement 20~65%；Quartz sand 20~65%；Water 10~20%；Gypsum 5~10%；
No. 42.5 silicates of the cement selection；The quartz grain fineness number is 70-140 mesh.
5. a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock preparation method of sample based on 3D printing according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the step S3, print procedure includes the following steps:
1) print position is selected, computer automatically generates print path；
2) computer controls driving device, by configured concrete material, polylactic acid polymer plastic slurry by identification signal
By extruding device, printing head is respectively enterd, by step motor control, starts to print first layer through spray head extrusion；
3) print path automatically generated according to the above-mentioned end pc first turns on No.1 printing head, prints concrete model, works as spray
When head is marched at Embedded defect, No.1 spray head is closed, opens No. two spray heads, printing is prefabricated scarce including joint, crack, tomography
It falls into；After the completion of Embedded defect printing, No. two spray heads are closed, open No.1 spray head, continue to print concrete model；Until first
Layer, which is mated formation, to be finished；
4) when first layer concrete model reaches the presetting period, the Z axis height of spray head is adjusted, print routine is automatically turned on, beats
Print the second layer；Repeat step 1)~3), the completion until concrete model is mated formation.
6. a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock preparation method of sample based on 3D printing according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the step S3 is conserved after the completion of concrete model printing, is drawn off being put into curing box, and setting is solid
20~25 DEG C of fixed temperature, humidity 90~95% stand 28~30d.
7. a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock preparation method of sample based on 3D printing according to claim 1, special
Sign is that the step S4 carries out processing polishing to test test specimen, and test specimen two ends face nonparallelism should not exceed after grinding
0.05mm, axial deviation should not exceed 0.25 °.
8. a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock sample preparation device based on 3D printing, which is characterized in that outside including printer
Frame (2) is equipped with print platform and the end printer pc in printer outer framework (2)；Traveling is provided on the print platform
Driving motor (3) is also connected with Y-direction running rail (5) on print platform, the Y-direction running rail (5) be equipped with by
The X-direction running rail (6) of driving wheel (4) driving, is equipped with 3D printer spray head (9) on X-direction running rail (6)；It is described
3D printer spray head (9) is equipped with aqueduct (7) and passage (8)；Z-direction running rail is vertically installed in print platform
(10), Z-direction running rail (10) bottom end sets blowing platform (11).
9. a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock sample preparation device based on 3D printing according to claim 8, special
Sign is that the 3D printer spray head (9) includes PVC pipeline Y pipe (12) and the feed pipe (16) for being located at its side wall, in pvc pipe
Road Y pipe (12) upper end is equipped with the motor coupling (17) connecting with X-direction running rail (6), manages (12) in PVC pipeline Y
It is interior to be equipped with bore hole auger (18)；In the replaceable nozzle of pipe (12) lower end PVC pipeline Y equipped with printing nozzle seat (14) and thereon
(15)。
10. a kind of stratiform Embedded defect coal and rock sample preparation device based on 3D printing according to claim 8, special
Sign is that the printing nozzle seat (14) is connect by pvc pipe cap (13) with PVC pipeline Y pipe (12).
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