CN106747109B - The method that wet spraying concrete constructs special-shaped mass concrete - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of method that wet spraying concrete constructs special-shaped mass concrete, includes the following steps: to construct special-shaped mass concrete buildings model；Concrete materials ingredient；It include cement, sand, stone, fiber, impervious agent and water-reducing agent in dry mixed material；By above-mentioned dry-mixed material and water mix；Concrete after mix is added in spraying machine, is ejected by air pressure spraying system in the buildings model of special-shaped mass concrete；Primary injection reaches the design thickness of mass concrete, then, carries out Troweling press finishing processing for the concrete being ejected into buildings model；The concrete structure constructed to injection conserves.By means of the present invention, special-shaped mass concrete high-quality, with high accuracy can be obtained.

Description

The method that wet spraying concrete constructs special-shaped mass concrete

Technical field

The present invention relates to the concrete-spraying technology fields in architectural engineering, and it is different to provide a kind of wet spraying concrete building The method of shape mass concrete.

Background technique

Concrete-spraying technology gradually promotes and applies in concrete construction because of its fast and efficiently advantage.Existing skill More in art with concrete-spraying technology is building for building body surface concrete structure, in addition, also more It is sprayed using dry method.Dry method injection is cement, sand, stone mixture and powder accelerator by the ratio of mud less than 0.25 by one After fixed ratio is mixed evenly, using dry type concrete spraying machine, using compressed air as power, through conveying pipeline to nozzle Place, after mixing with a certain amount of pressure water, is ejected by spray plane.Dry method injection has the following disadvantages: 1. its working face dust Amount and springback capacity are larger, and working environment is severe, and when material spray has pulse phenomenon and the uniformity is poor；2. practical water ash mass ratio is not easy It accurately controls, influences the quality of gunite concrete；3. production efficiency is low.

There are also a kind of concrete-spraying technologies in the prior art, are wet sprayed concrete method, are by cement, sand Son, stone, water, admixture, additive stir into concrete after being mixed in a certain ratio, then are passed through the concrete being stirred with pump At conveying pipeline force feed to nozzle, the energy supplemented by pressure wind is by concrete ejection on by spray plane.Wet sprayed concrete side Method dust is small, and production environment is sprayed much better than dry method, still, in the prior art, since spray technology is more complex, from concrete Formula, each process to spray technology all influence the concrete of building so that each operating parameter in spray technology The quality of structure.Therefore, in the prior art, wet spraying concrete technology is also only confined to slope support engineering etc. in master The application range of the surface setting concrete layer of body structure, still belongs to blank for the building of mass concrete.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to fill up the blank of the prior art, wet spraying concrete is provided and constructs special-shaped entity coagulation The method of soil structure makes it possible to obtain high-quality, precision by the scientific design to the links in wet spraying technique High special-shaped mass concrete.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

The method that wet spraying concrete constructs special-shaped mass concrete, includes the following steps:

Step 1: constructing the buildings model of special-shaped mass concrete；

Step 2: concrete materials ingredient；

A. dry-mixing, dry mixed material include following material, and the additional amount of each material is (Kg/ dry-mixed material per ton):

Cement	Silicon powder	Sand	Stone	Fiber	Impervious agent	Water-reducing agent
							190-210	6.5-7.5	406-450	325-365	0.45-0.53	1.9-2.1	0.45-0.53

；B. by above-mentioned dry-mixed material and water mix, the additional amount of water is 0.5-0.55 times of cement additional amount；

Step 3: the concrete after mix being added in spraying machine, it is mixed to be ejected into special-shaped entity by air pressure spraying system In the buildings model of Xtah Crude Clay structure；

Step 4: mixed in buildings model for being ejected into after primary injection reaches the design thickness of mass concrete Solidifying soil carries out Troweling press finishing processing；

Step 5: the concrete structure constructed to injection conserves.

The concrete operations of the step 1 may is that

Firstly, establishing the BIM model for the abnormity concrete structure that one is designed, BIM model is put into corresponding with scene Coordinate system in, the origin of coordinate system is determined, to obtain the D coordinates value of every bit in abnormity concrete structure；

Then, relative measurement controlling sections, the relative measurement controlling sections are selected on the abnormity concrete structural model Selection is in place of the variation of abnormity concrete planform；

After again, on relative measurement controlling sections, relative measurement control point is chosen, which is in the phase To each intersecting point at measurement controlling sections edge, the coordinate value at each relative measurement control point is found out；

Finally, at the construction field (site), according to the buildings model of BIM model foundation abnormity concrete structure, i.e., according to each institute The coordinate data for stating each relative measurement control point on relative measurement controlling sections establishes each relative measurement controlling sections Then frame connects the respective point of each relative measurement controlling sections by facing pattern plate directly, then assembling reinforcement, Constitute the model framework for being poured concrete；

On some points of the buildings model, Thickness sensitivity mark post is set, which is fixed on described build It builds on the set point of model, which is arranged on the corresponding position of each relative measurement controlling sections, the thickness The length of degree detection mark post is that the thickness of the point or BIM model are put into the coordinate system at scene and the set point Corresponding to the respective coordinate value between the respective point of outer surface, each Thickness sensitivity mark post forms thickness control line, thickness inspection Mark bar is detachably connected in the buildings model, after being poured concrete, is carried out in floating process, the Thickness sensitivity The end of mark post is the floating benchmark of concrete, and the concrete parts between two adjacent Thickness sensitivity mark posts smear into plane and are Can, then, the Thickness sensitivity mark post is taken out, then is filled and led up with concrete by the hole that Thickness sensitivity mark post leaves is taken out.

In order to enable preferably controlling thickness, setting Thickness sensitivity mark post can be encrypted, for example, in the adjacent opposite survey The Thickness sensitivity mark post is added on the section of mass concrete between amount controlling sections.

On thickness control line, the spacing of Thickness sensitivity mark post is 0.25m-0.5m.And general relative measurement controlling sections The spacing on heart line is 0.5-1m in cross section.

Specifically, which is arranged in the corresponding position i.e. upright controling line of each relative measurement controlling sections On, and/or, which is arranged on the line i.e. crosswise joint line of the central point of each relative measurement controlling sections； And/or on corresponding position, that is, upright controling line of each relative measurement controlling sections, between the Thickness sensitivity mark post Away from for 0.5-1m；It is described and/or on line, that is, crosswise joint line of the central point in each relative measurement controlling sections The spacing of Thickness sensitivity mark post is less than the spacing of adjacent to and opposite measurement controlling sections；Alternatively, being controlled in each relative measurement On the line of the central point in section, that is, crosswise joint line, the spacing of the Thickness sensitivity mark post is 0.25m-0.5m.

The set-up mode of the Thickness sensitivity mark post, which may is that, controls jet thickness by the way of positioning screw is arranged, That is: point is burn-on a screw mother at the main reinforcement of buildings model binding, is screwed into screw mother with the screw rod of a setting length, is controlled Position at screw head is the control point of outer surface of the abnormity concrete entity at this, is smeared in the concrete structure that injection is constructed The screw rod is backed out and extracts out after flat, and floating is tamped in the hole that screw rod is left；And/or

The set-up mode of the Thickness sensitivity mark post is: prebuckling control-rod is set on the reinforcing bar of buildings model binding, Prebuckling control-rod hook is fixed on the reinforcing bar, and the position of end point is appearance of the abnormity concrete entity at this The prebuckling control-rod is cut, and the hole left is tamped after the concrete structure that injection is constructed smoothes out in the control point in face It smoothes out.

Interval time between dry blend in step 2 and water mix and the jeting process of step 3 is preferably at 5-10 points Within clock, that is, accomplish that stirring and spray technology are closely connected with stirring with spray

In step 2, in the dry mixed material, the preferred nylon fiber of fiber, the length is 15-25mm, excellent It is first 19mm.

In above-mentioned formula, cement selects portland cement.Because when portland cement commonly uses the condensation of cement compared with other Between it is fast, early strength is high.Strength of cement grade should be not less than 32.5.Preferably 42.5.

Fine aggregate should use medium coarse sand, i.e. the maximum particle diameter of particle is less than 30mm, and is wherein less than the granule content of 20mm No less than 85%.In order to guarantee the curing shrinkage of dust and gunite concrete in the quality of concrete, and reduction construction, Fineness modulus is not preferably less than 2.5.

Coarse aggregate should use cobble or rubble.Coarse aggregate size is primarily limited to spraying equipment, allows in appointed condition In the case of, preferably use the coarse aggregate of greater particle size.The gradation of coarse aggregate should use continuous grading.

The partial size of coarse aggregate is diameter between 5 millimeters to 12 millimeters, preferably between 5-10mm.It must not use containing work Coarse aggregate made of property silica stone material.

The gradation of the coarse aggregate:

Fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, which will clean up, to be reused.

Wet sprayed concrete component mass concrete, quality are heavily dependent on aggregate in concrete Situation.Wherein muscles and bones of the coarse aggregate as concrete needs gradation uniform, cannot all be big, can not all be small.Thin bone Material also to have it is required, select medium coarse sand be answered in wet spraying it is considerable.

The ratio of mud is 0.5.

Fiber brand is CTA-BY30, PP fiber.

Impervious agent brand is Grace (Grace), the impervious crystallization of M5.

Gunite concrete mixing water is preferred acid water of the pH value less than 4, sulfate and is greater than water by SO42- content meter Weigh 1% water and seawater etc..It is preferred that drinking water.

Slump in the present invention for wet sprayed concrete is in 80~120mm.

Increase water-reducing agent in dry mixed material, the amount of water in concrete stirring can be made to reduce.If do not added and subtracted Aqua mixes in order to enable various materials are uniformly mixed, and make cement carry out sufficient aquation it is necessary to which larger amount of water is added Solidifying soil is too dilute, will affect the progress of wet shot.And water-reducing agent is added, can both make hydrated cementitious sufficiently carry out, concrete again not Can be too dilute, it is easy to accomplish that wet shotcrete technology is carried out for concrete solids such as side walls.

Further more, being additionally added impervious agent in dry mixed material.Water-reducing agent and impervious agent can be separately added into, preferably together When be added.Under impervious agent and fiber collective effect, the crackle of concrete can be made few, and hole is small.If be only added impervious Agent there is also crackle although can reduce the porosity of concrete, and fiber is only added, and the impermeability of concrete cannot get It improves, requirement is not achieved for certain mass concretes for needing higher antiseepage to require.Further more, being added simultaneously impervious Agent and fiber, the two can produce combined effect, and the additional amount of two kinds of substances is small than being individually added into is usage amount, but crack resistance It is all greatly improved with impermeability.

One optimization formula of the dry mixed material is shown in Table 1.

Table 1: the optimization formula of dry blend

Step 3 is being carried out in buildings model before gunite concrete, preferably also one process of increase, i.e. use are stirred Concrete is filled jolt ramming to the template bottom of buildings model and/or side seam and/or corner.The reason is that in Xiang Jianzhu When model gunite concrete, rebound is had, the stone in concrete is easy to get in the side seam and corner of model, so that these Local concrete is not easily accessed, the edge and corner of final concrete structure by allowing stone occupy-place and strength reduction, after Phase is easy to appear the defects of flash or arrisdefect.And realize and Concrete Filled is carried out for model bottom, side seam and corner etc., so Implement to spray again afterwards, the appearance of the above problem can be effectively prevented.

In step 3, when spraying operation, it is also preferable to keep spray head and, when encountering reinforcing bar inclination spray substantially vertical by spray plane Corners of the mouth degree is to guarantee not occur hollowing behind reinforcing bar.

In step 3, spray head is maintained at 0.8-1.0m at a distance from jet face.Under similarly injection pressure, if spray Head is too close apart from spray distance, and rebound amount will increase, whereas if the intensity of the concrete structure of ejection can drop apart from too far It is low.The distance can obtain maximum compaction force and the smallest springback capacity.

In step 3, when spray head sprays, spray head is done into round or ellipse movement, scale control is transverse direction 40- 60cm, high 15-20cm.Elliptical path moves spray head, is easier to adhere on model compared with linear movement, efficiency also obviously mentions It is high.If distance is too small in the track transverse direction or short transverse of rotation, it can be sprayed onto the excessive underground current heap of concrete above On following concrete, and if height is excessive, flowed under the concrete above possibility between twice concrete up and down, Long period does not have more concrete to cover and dry out, and causes to occur in entity structure sandwich, influences intensity.Certainly, it controls Injection track and concrete properties, spray head characteristic have relationship, and finding out a suitable numerical value is to need repetition test and wound Make Journal of Sex Research.Above-mentioned injection track is applied in actual operation, and entity structure intensity obtained is high and uniform.For wet type spray It penetrates Concrete Industry and gives normative enlightenment.

In step 3, the spout operating pressure 0.15-0.4Mpa of gunite concrete.

One preferred embodiment is: using blender, jet pump and air compressor integration of operation, the operating pressure of jet pump For 8-12 megapascal, preferably 8.08-10.5 megapascal.The volume of air supply of air compressor machine is 12-15 cubic meters per minute.

Jet thickness 150-300mm carries out the injection of side wall wall according to sequence from bottom to top using primary injection, Every section of height 15-20cm.Often layering injection in the prior art does so entity structure injection, and intensity is not between layers Unanimously, the intensity of entire entity structure is influenced, is once a bright spot of this method by whole thickness injection completion therefore, It plays a positive role for the offer of the intensity of entity structure.

In step 4, after spraying operation reaches the area of setting, floating operation is carried out, floating operation is divided into just gentle Essence is flat, in just putting down, is struck off with long floating rule, and the length of the long floating rule is generally 80cm, and it is flat then to carry out essence: repairing is smooth, presses Light, concrete repair are unfilled corner for concrete surface, at least one of filling-in of recess.

Way for the control of concrete thickness is: when spraying operation, the overall thickness control of concrete is exceeding thickness Mark post, that is, positioning screw size is detected, in step 4, Thickness sensitivity mark post is positioned into material extra outside baseline with scraper and is scraped Fall, obtain almost the same section, exposes on the reinforcing bar for being fixed on and being bound in buildings model for controlling the positioning of jet thickness The end of Thickness sensitivity mark post is entangled at this point, in-site measurement personnel carry out positioning measurement to the end of positioning Thickness sensitivity mark post again Overgauge, inadequate place fill spray, and the place being higher by is struck off with darby, then again take out positioning Thickness sensitivity mark post, It is filled up with the mortar scraped by the aperture that positioning Thickness sensitivity mark post leaves is removed, then, artificial light of receiving carries out at levelling, press polish Reason.

In maintenance in steps of 5, curing time is no less than 14 days.

If the main contents of maintenance guarantee the wet of concrete structural surface, in steps of 5, keep guncreting wet Profit continues 7 days；And/or

In steps of 5, keep the temperature of guncreting at 5 DEG C or more；And/or

In steps of 5, the temperature of maintenance water is not less than 10 DEG C；And/or

In steps of 5, the third day after injection casting building mass concrete, in body structure surface spray containment glue； And/or

In steps of 5, it takes and Moisture conservation maintenance is carried out to concrete surface after spraying water twice and/or spraying water daily.

In steps of 5, the material on oversite concrete surface is plastic film or bamboo slab rubber.

The sealant is permeability sealant.

In the method, further include a step, i.e., intensity detection carried out for gunite concrete side wall, method is: While implementing wet sprayed concrete for the side wall of water slideway, using same concrete material, test block, test block spray are made When penetrating concrete, identical as the tilt angle of the side wall, jet thickness is identical, is then smoothed out, and carries out same as side wall Maintenance detect the intensity of side wall later, sampled firstly, for test block and carry out intensity detection, then side wall carried out non-broken Bad property intensity detection needs the side wall that will be constructed demolition to rebuild if intensity detection is below standard.

Compressive strength of sprayed concrete reference block production method

(1) raw material, match ratio, the injection conditions of reference block use are identical as Practical Project, and reference block is from now Forming is cut or drilled through in the concrete plate of field injection；

(2) die size of big plate patterning method is 450mm × 350mm × 120mm；The die size of core boring sampling method is 500mm×400mm×120mm；The recording quantity of short transverse is that face is built in spray；

(3) the step of test block production is with processing is as follows:

A. at spraying operation scene, face-down inclination is built into mold spray, about 80 ° of angle with horizontal plane, is placed in corner；

B. it first tries to spray outside mold, after operating normally, spray head is moved into die location, from bottom to top, successively to mold Interior gunite concrete；

C. the mold for spraying full concrete is moved into safe and reliable place, smears tool with triangle and strikes off concrete surface；

D. concrete large slab is moved on into laboratory, is demoulded after diel.7d and concrete strength are conserved at the standard conditions Grade is cut or is drilled through when reaching C10 or more；Big plate patterning method is taken, removes periphery and upper surface (bottom surface with cutting machine Can not cut) after, it is processed into the test cube that side length is 100mm；Alternatively, taking core drilling method, Φ 100mm is drilled through with corning machine Core sample；By core sample ends cutting and polish；

E. continue to be conserved at the standard conditions to 28d age, then carry out compressive strength test.

In the prior art, why without making special-shaped mass concrete using wet spraying, main cause exists Be not handled properly in technologic certain steps, be all in general wet spraying by all materials together with water mix, in order to stir It mixes uniformly, duration of mixing is longer, and in the process, cement gathers materials with humidity to be kept in contact, it may occur that prehydration, to delay to coagulate It ties the time and reduces concrete strength.Can it occur in the gunite concrete that this phenomenon mixes accelerator in incorporation or not, and And the storage period is longer, strength reduction is the more.When in the prior art in order to shorten mixture as far as possible from the interval for being stirred to injection Between.Using mixture with the method stirred with spray, but it is such with stirring with spray, arrange difficulty larger technique and equipment. And dry material is first carried out dry-mixing before with water mix by method provided by the invention, then plus water mix, after mix i.e. It is sprayed.It ensures that concrete strength does not reduce in this way, is also easier to accomplish that stirring and spray technology are tight in technique Close linking.

The method that wet sprayed concrete provided by the invention constructs special-shaped mass concrete, due to using uniqueness Concrete formulation, have the characteristics that save cement, springback capacity is few, adhesion is good.Also meet the requirement such as impervious cracking resistance, is wet type Gunite concrete building intensity is high, do not crack, impervious good concrete solid structure lays excellent basis, along with each The design of processing step can easily obtain shape and the design very high abnormity of the goodness of fit in conjunction with thickness and precision control measure Mass concrete.Therefore, the present invention has the advantage that

1. economy is high: the method that wet spraying concrete provided by the invention constructs special-shaped mass concrete, phase The completion time of project is substantially reduced under the premise of guaranteeing quality and intensity requirement than conventional concrete casting craft.

2. precision is high: this method uses details control method, is accurately controlled the work progress of gunite concrete, with Guarantee the accuracy of its geometric dimension and the fluency of work progress.The each control point of the finished surface of entity structure, in coordinate system It is all satisfied the margin of tolerance ± 6mm required precision.

3. apparent mass is high: the special-shaped entity side wall inner surface using method provided by the invention building is uniform, closely knit, table Face is flat and smooth, no mortar, texture-free, flawless, and without being stained, no color spot or spot of fading reach smooth continuous curved surface.

With method provided by the invention, horizontal building structure can be not only constructed, can also be inclined with inclination angle at 80 ° or so Oblique wall.

It elaborates below by drawings and examples to the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the BIM model for the special-shaped slideway built using method of the invention.

Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram that slideway shown in FIG. 1 is divided into several segmentations.

Fig. 3 a is the floor map of a turning segmentation in Fig. 2, shows that the turning is segmented each profile coordinate value.

Fig. 3 b is the floor map for each relative measurement controlling sections being arranged in the turning segmentation of Fig. 3 a.

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of a relative measurement controlling sections in turning segmentation described in Fig. 3 a, is shown each A critical control point.

Fig. 4 a is the schematic perspective view of each relative measurement controlling sections shown in Fig. 3 b.

Fig. 5 be each critical control point of four relative measurement controlling sections in the segmentation of slideway shown in Fig. 3 b at the scene The schematic diagram of coordinate value under coordinate system.

Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of slide groove lower surface of base plate floor projection at the scene.

Fig. 6 a is the schematic diagram of side wall wall thickness precision controlling point encryption setting.

Fig. 7 is slide groove lower surface of base plate space orientation schematic diagram.

Fig. 8 is slide groove base plate supporting structure schematic diagram.

Fig. 9 is that slideway bottom plate is poured concrete thickness control point mark structure schematic diagram.

Figure 10 is slideway bottom plate positioning wire line and the mounting structure schematic diagram for positioning steel nail.

Figure 11 is the structural schematic diagram of slideway Control of floor point Simple positioning device.

Figure 12 is that slideway bottom plate removes casting condition schematic diagram after positioning plate and steel nail.

Figure 12 a is the structural schematic diagram of another Simple positioning device of slideway Control of floor point.

Figure 13 is the structural schematic diagram of a cross section of special-shaped slideway.

Figure 14 is the planar structure schematic diagram of slideway side wall mould plate supporting device.

Figure 15 is slideway side wall mould plate supporting device the schematic diagram of the section structure.

Figure 15 a is the portion A partial enlargement diagram in Figure 14.

Figure 15 b is the portion B partial enlargement diagram in Figure 14.

Figure 15 c is the portion C partial enlargement diagram in Figure 14.

Figure 16 is slideway side wall inner surface location measure structural schematic diagram.

Specific embodiment

The description pair of method building course provided by the invention is used below by the water slideway in a special-shaped slot type section The present invention illustrates.

The spacial special-shaped water slideway A designed as shown in Figure 1 for designer, special-shaped water slideway includes raft from the bottom to top Plate basis 1, knee wall 2, water slideway bottom plate 3 and water slideway side wall 4 (referring to Figure 13), wherein water slideway bottom plate 3 and water slideway side Wall 4 constitutes water slideway body construction.The abnormity water slideway A is in space curved surface structure.Along the extending direction of special-shaped water slideway, Water slideway is divided into 54 sections and carries out concrete casting respectively, there are expansion joints between each segmentation, as shown in Fig. 2, in order to adapt to Water slideway expanding with heat and contract with cold under climate temperature variation.

This method sums up, and is by means of BIM technology, CAD software, it may be difficult to which the space curve thaumatropy of control is The controllable linear structure of segment, intensive control point simulate ramp curve, lay the foundation for accurate injection control；Wet spraying is mixed The smooth continuous geometrical curve shape of labyrinth may be implemented by surface positioning, artificial light of receiving in solidifying soil technology.Utilize injection The crunch of pump makes concrete material hit combination, to meet the intensity and compactness requirement of concrete structure.

The step 1 of this method is to construct the buildings model of special-shaped mass concrete, initially sets up one and designs The BIM model of spacial special-shaped water slideway, in BIM model, any point all has three-dimensional coordinate on water slideway.By BIM model It is put into the corresponding coordinate system in scene, determines the origin of coordinate system, to obtain in abnormity concrete structure every bit at the scene D coordinates value.In this way, the BIM model of water slideway A just contain construction needed for each point and each face on water slideway A The numerical value and dimension information of three-dimensional coordinate, as shown in Fig. 3 a, Fig. 3 b and Fig. 5.

Special-shaped slideway is in space curved surface structure, is made of bottom plate and side wall two parts, and controlling sections are arranged at inflection point And control point, accurately controlled.Slideway overall length every one expansion joint of 15m left and right settings, is classified as 54 sections along longitudinal direction.

It will be placed on the water slideway threedimensional model at scene, chooses relative measurement along the extending direction of the spacial special-shaped water slideway The position of controlling sections, the relative measurement controlling sections are vertical with tangent line of the extending direction at the section, such as Fig. 4 and figure Shown in 4a.The relative measurement controlling sections select the turning in abnormity concrete structure in three-dimensional system of coordinate, in the turning Place, according on relative measurement controlling sections adjacent in entire turnaround section in cross section heart line setting spacing or setting radian or Set the determining quantity in turnaround section selection relative measurement controlling sections of arc length.

It is as shown in Figure 3a exactly one of turnaround section, the coordinate value of each point of the turnaround section is all can be from the coordinate It is obtained in system.

Relative measurement controlling sections are chosen in the turnaround section.The radius of gyration of the turnaround section is about 13m, turning phase The center line of adjacent relative measurement controlling sections sets radian spacing as 1m.10 relative measurements are had chosen in the turnaround section altogether Controlling sections B, as shown in Fig. 3 b and Fig. 4 a.

Determined by the characteristic of water slideway, the shape of each relative measurement controlling sections be it is identical, as shown in Figure 4.Only It is that the tilt angle of each relative measurement controlling sections insole board fgkj in three dimensions is different.Each relative measurement is controlled Corner on section is chosen for relative measurement control point: the boundary of a, l, b, d, m, e, i, g, f, h and bottom plate 3 and side wall 4 Point j and k.

It is cut in the abnormity concrete structure determination relative measurement controlling sections as water slideway and in relative measurement control Relative measurement control point is chosen on face, based on the coordinate value of these relative measurement controlling sections and relative measurement control point, existing Field building buildings model, i.e., first build the frame of each relative measurement control plane, then by the frame of each relative measurement control plane Frame, which passes through linear type bar or faces pattern plate directly, to be connected, and the model framework for being poured concrete is just constituted.

The method in section and control point that the present invention chooses in abnormity concrete structure can be obtained and be designed with designer The model framework that concrete structure out combines very much still, and will not make structure excessively complicated, to construct and designing a model The polymorphic structure being identical lays excellent basis.

It just elaborates below for how to construct the concrete construction method of buildings model at the scene.

At the construction field (site), according to the buildings model of BIM model foundation abnormity concrete structure.

It is the bottom plate for constructing water slideway first.

Bottom plate is one in three-dimensional space dipping and heaving and the plate face of plate face or so torsion, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.

Using the upper surface of the raft foundation 1 under water slideway knee wall 2 as the Z=0 datum level of coordinate system, according to Fig. 4 and The horizontal coordinate of two endpoint f, g points of the bottom surface of each relative measurement controlling sections upper plate shown in Fig. 4 a, at the scene It measures unwrapping wire and marks on datum level i.e. on raft foundation 1.The point marked is sequentially connected with straight line, forms one The multi-section-line 101 of approximate camber line, so error is sufficiently small, can be incited somebody to action since we reasonably select relative measurement controlling sections The multi-section-line 101 regards projection camber line of the water slideway lower surface of base plate on datum level as, as shown in fig. 6, two endpoints f, g it Between be laid with girt flitch 11.

Further according to the Z coordinate of f, g point in each section, on the horizontal position of corresponding each point, vertical flitch 21 is erect with fixed Position f, g point (see Fig. 7), determines and several auxiliary vertical standings is arranged again between two vertical flitches 21 of same relative measurement controlling sections Flitch 21a prepares for building knee wall 2.It is in the upper end setting bottom edge bar for erectting vertical flitch 21 and auxiliary vertical standing flitch 21a Horizontal flitch 31 (see Fig. 8).

3 bottom plate 30 of bottom plate is located on horizontal flitch 31 as pattern plate is faced directly, and horizontal flitch 31 is fixed on vertical wood On 21 and auxiliary vertical standing flitch 21a of side.The interval auxiliary vertical standing flitch 21a 0.35m or 0.7m depend on both ends auxiliary vertical standing flitch 21a Closeer, intermediate relatively dredges.Auxiliary vertical standing flitch 21a can support level flitch 31 well, there are one effect, be in order to Assembling reinforcement and be poured knee wall 2.Each 21 bottom of vertical flitch is fixed by 11 drawknot of girt flitch (see Fig. 6), to guarantee The globality and stability of support system.Face the bottom plate 30 and byatt of the channel-section that pattern plate is bottom plate 3 directly herein It is fixed with wire nail (see Fig. 8) between side 31 and each flitch.

On based on horizontal flitch 31, each corner of the outer profile as bottom plate on the relative measurement controlling sections is found out Apex angle, the mainly starting point b and d of water slideway inside sidewalls wall surface connected and composed relatively by straight-bar between adjacent apex angle Measure controlling sections outline frame.

Each corresponding apex angle is connected along journey straight-bar with straight-bar between adjacent to and opposite measurement controlling sections, it is described along journey straight-bar and The cross section profile frame for constituting section is formed together the frame of bottom plate.In the present embodiment, adjacent relative measurement controlling sections Horizontal flitch 31 on be laid with and face the bottom plate 30 of the i.e. plate of pattern plate directly.

Then the binding (referring to Fig. 9) of water slideway baseplate reinforcing bar 32 is carried out, two steel up and down are only schematically shown in Fig. 9 Muscle 32.

Scene is required to have the process of pre- laying before water slideway model sink base plate steel bar binding.To guarantee two side wall slabs The position of muscle is accurate, the appropriate stirrup for increasing top bars and with lower layer's reinforcing bar fixation.Reduce the hanging section of its joint bar to the greatest extent Length, by bind horizontal location reinforcing bar make dowel in a row accurate in place.

Before casting, something is also done, is exactly the thickness for bottom board concrete accurately and on model framework Take Thickness sensitivity measure.

The board thickness accuracy control method of bottom plate 3 is:

As shown in Fig. 9 to Figure 13, on two endpoints of relative measurement controlling sections, set on the reinforcing bar in bottom plate model Set steel wire 32, be connected positioning plate 34 on steel wire 32, and fixed plate 34 can be small plank (see Fig. 9).The plate face of positioning plate 34 with The plate face of bottom surface template is parallel, i.e., parallel with the line of b, d as shown in Figure 4.Nail 35, nail 35 are set on positioning plate 34 Ailhead be thickness control point b, c and d, which obtained according to being placed on BIM model in coordinate system corresponding with scene Obtain what coordinate value obtained.In b and d point, thickness control point is set, it is critically important for being accurately positioned side wall, and for wider water skiing The bottom plate in road, it is also necessary that a thickness control point is arranged again on the midpoint of bottom plate 3；One wire 36 is set again (see Figure 10), extends along the direction of the relative measurement controlling sections, and wire 36 is placed in the top of each ailhead, wire 36 both ends are for example fixed on raft foundation 1, which is the upper surface of the concrete of bottom plate 3, i.e. controllable with this The thickness and precision of bottom plate processed.After the coordinate values of review ailhead are errorless, then 3 board thickness precision controlling of a bottom plate is set As shown in figure 11 lengths of rebar 37 is inwardly arranged on two side plates of bottom plate model, in lengths of rebar 37 in Simple positioning device If plumbing bar 38, the lower end of the plumbing bar 38 is against on wire 36, and the lower end of the plumbing bar 38 just becomes the upper surface control of bottom plate Point O；Then, positioning plate 34 and nail 35 are removed, as shown in figure 12, concrete casting can be carried out.

Fixed positioning plate 34, is respectively arranged the positioning plate on two endpoints on steel wire 33.It can also be in phase To measurement controlling sections bottom plate midpoint c on be also provided with a positioning plate 34.

When smoothing out concrete after casting, the upper surface of concrete is concordant with the end of plumbing bar 38 and wire 36.

Simple positioning device can also be structure as figure 12 a shows, relative to each relative measurement controlling sections position Two vertical bars 39 are set on the Base isolation system 1 set, a square tube 37a is connected on two vertical bars 39, square tube 37a is opposite with this to be surveyed It is parallel to measure controlling sections upper plate, several plumb bob 38a are fixed on square tube 37a, the sag point of each plumb bob 38a is bottom plate The design position of upper surface.When being poured concrete, each plumb bob 38a can be packed up, not interfere to be poured, process to be smoothed out When, each plumb bob 38a is decontroled, the benchmark smoothed out is done according to the vertical point of plumb bob.Such Simple positioning device compared with Figure 11 and Sagging control point can be not only arranged in Simple positioning device shown in Figure 12 at the both ends in section, can also be in section Between sagging control point is set on part c point because plumb bob can be packed up in casting, unlike plumbing bar 38 will affect casting.

For bottom plate using casting concrete making technology.

In bottom plate casting, after tying up reinforcing bar, the flitch is all removed, then carries out pouring for concrete Note.

In floating process after bottom plate casting, on the basis of plumbing bar or plumb bob and wire, two neighboring plumbing bar Or plane is smeared into the part between plumb bob and wire, then removes the wire, removes Simple positioning device.

In conclusion water slideway Control of floor point precision controlling by realizing following aspects:

(1) horizontal position of the total station to critical control point setting-out and marking of control point

Each section b, c, d point coordinate in Fig. 9 is read in BIM model, and positioning is measured using total station, releases control point Space coordinate.Small plank, the horizontal position of marking of control point are placed on water slideway sink bottom plate top bars top simultaneously.

(2) absolute altitude of marking of control point

According to control point absolute altitude, in the control point mark ailhead allocation control points of above-mentioned small plank.Along control point Rectilinear direction, draw wire in water slideway bottom plate side template top edge, wire at the top of ailhead by controlling at the top of ailhead Point position.The simple to install positioning device in template, to find control point again after the completion of guaranteeing in casting process and pour Position.

(3) in casting process, repetition measurement is carried out using elevation of the level to control point b, c, d, guarantees the control of drawing key The required precision of point ± 6mm processed, marking of control point.B, the datum mark that d point is controlled as side wall, the side wall control to gunite concrete Precision processed is most important.

(4) after casting complete, repetition measurement is carried out for control point each on concrete finished surface.

After bottom plate casting complete, starts to carry out the building of the model framework of water slideway side wall and implement wet shotcrete technology coagulation Earthwork formula constructs side wall.

The side wall model that water slideway is arranged can be with the following method:

The special angular mould of oblique angle flitch and critical control point j, h, k, i are used according to water slideway side wall and bottom plate angle Carry out water slideway side wall formwork erection.At relative measurement controlling sections, according to design coordinate, b, d point permanent marks are in water skiing On road bottom plate, as the datum mark of side wall construction.

At each relative measurement controlling sections, according to design coordinate, by b, d point (see Fig. 4) permanent marks in water slideway Datum mark on bottom plate 3, as side wall construction.Part between relative measurement controlling sections, according to water slideway sectional dimension With side wall thickness of protection tier, b, d point every one b, d point of 0.5m~1m label, this label can be than in turnaround sections It is also intensive that relative measurement controlling sections are set, can refer to mode shown in Fig. 6 a and encrypt.

Part between relative measurement controlling sections, according to water slideway sectional dimension and side wall thickness of protection tier The marking of control point of more namely more dense cloth is arranged on the reinforcing bar bound in bottom plate, applies as side wall for coordinate value The datum mark of work.

With BIM technology, it is spaced 0.25m~0.5m (according to center line radian) and intensively lays side wall gunite concrete key Control point b, d keep it corresponding with site coordinate system, extract coordinate.

Critical control point b, d is intensively laid using total station is accurate on the concrete floor for pour completion, as side wall The datum mark of gunite concrete control.

Use side template 41 (see Fig. 8 and Figure 15) by adjacent relative measurement controlling sections in the buildings model of side wall Frame connects.As shown in Fig. 8 and Figure 15, side template 41 uses the plate of 12mm thickness.

Oblique angle flitch 42 is arranged at each relative measurement controlling sections can be with for the tilt angle of the setting of side template 41 A restriction is provided, but to make side template 41 that can maintain well position not during assembling reinforcement after setting It is dynamic just to have deficiency.In order to enable side template can be stablized motionless, fixed support structure should be also set.

Side template 41 and the fixed form of bottom plate are specifically: at each relative measurement controlling sections, in side template 41 To set spacing setting oblique angle flitch 42, oblique angle flitch 42 is fixed on horizontal flitch 31 for outside.The section of oblique angle flitch 42 is Right angled triangle, bevel edge inwardly, are supported on the outer surface of side template 41, and the tilt angle of the bevel edge is inclining for side wall Angle.Along the development length direction of water slideway, pass through the split bolt of several fixed side forms between two opposite side templates 41 43 positioning.Also fixed oblique short flitch 44, one end of the oblique short flitch 44 are supported on side template 41 on horizontal flitch 31, Its Support Position is in the top of 42 supporting point of oblique angle flitch；The other end of oblique short flitch 44 is fixed on horizontal flitch 31.For Easy to disassemble, oblique short flitch is supported on horizontal flitch 31, and oblique short flitch 44 is displaced in order to prevent, in horizontal flitch 31 The upper anti-skidding wooden unit 45 of fixation, resists the lower end of oblique short flitch 44.

As shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15, between relative measurement controlling sections, flitch is set on the lateral surface of side template 41 Back cord 46, the flitch back cord 46 are the lumps of wood in the section 50 × 100mm.Each flitch back cord 46 passes through a supporting steel pipe 461 Support is fixed.Supporting steel pipe 461 is the round steel pipe of Φ 48mm.One end of the supporting steel pipe is fixed with flitch back cord 46, the other end It is connected with Base isolation system 1.Specific fixing mechanism is shown in Figure 15 a and Figure 15 c.

As shown in fig. 15 a, it is rotatably fixed a nut 4611 in the upper end of supporting steel pipe 461, be spirally connected on the nut One jackscrew 4612 fixes a flute profile steel pallet 4613 on jackscrew 4612, a supporting steel pipe is embedded in the slot of steel pallet 4613 4614, the side wall of supporting steel pipe 4614 is resisted against on flitch back cord 46.Supporting steel pipe 4614 is along side template 41 in water slideway Extend on length direction, is a curved steel pipe.

The jackscrew 4612 of the upper end of supporting steel pipe 461 can also be directly against on flitch back cord 46, still, pass through a support Steel pipe 4616 supports flitch back cord 46, has better effect, multiple flitch back cords 46 can be made integrally to be supported fixation, So that the globality of side template is high, and it is more stable in casting, so that it is higher to pour the groove sidewall precision outpoured.

As shown in fig. 15 c, the lower end of supporting steel pipe 461 and the fixed structure of raft foundation 1 are consolidated on raft foundation 1 Determine the reinforcing bar 12 of Φ 18mm, a section is arranged for the flitch 121 of 50 × 100mm, under supporting steel pipe 461 in the inside of the reinforcing bar 12 End is against on flitch 121 fixed.The advantages of such fixed structure is, supporting steel pipe obtains stable fixation, and when removing It waits and is very easy to.

As illustrated in fig. 15b, the reinforcing bar 46a of a Φ 14mm will for the connection structure of the lower end of flitch back cord 46 and side template 41 Side template 4, flitch back cord 46 and the one of sandwiched wears together therebetween with a thickness of the wood particle 46b of 12mm, in flitch back cord The end of the reinforcing bar 46a of 46 outside is arranged a flute profile steel pallet 46c, and two Φ 18mm are set in parallel in the slot of steel pallet Reinforcing bar 46d, two reinforcing bar 46d it is inconsistent with flitch back cord 46.The outer end of reinforcing bar 46a is arranged fixed thread sleeve, a spiral shell Female 46e screws in screw shell, so that flute profile steel pallet 46c positioning is fixed.

After side template 4 supports, at each relative measurement controlling sections, line segment hj, ik's according to Fig.4, Length marks the vertex of h point and i point as water slideway side wall lateral surface in template.And template size is checked, to guarantee Passage cross section size and side wall thicknesses and inner surface position.

It then is exactly assembling reinforcement, the position to guarantee two side wall panel reinforcing bars of water slideway sink side wall is accurate, subtracts as far as possible The length of few hanging section of its joint bar makes dowel in a row accurate in place by binding horizontal location reinforcing bar.Horizontal reinforcement and vertical Bar splicing position, takes separate type to overlap, i.e., mutually overlapped, and horizontal reinforcement does not contact, mutual spacing 50mm.To guarantee Gunite concrete is not blocked.

After shuttering supporting, at controlling sections, the length of line segment hj, ik according to Fig.4, in template subscript Remember the vertex of h point and i point as water slideway side wall lateral surface out.

In side wall model framework when assembling reinforcement, it should be noted that: (1) it is guarantee water slideway sink side wall two side wall slabs The position of muscle is accurate, reduces the length of the hanging section of its joint bar to the greatest extent, makes dowel in a row in place by binding horizontal location reinforcing bar Accurately.(2) horizontal reinforcement and vertical reinforcement overlapping part, take separate type to overlap, i.e., mutually overlapped, and horizontal reinforcement does not contact, Mutual spacing is 50mm, to guarantee that gunite concrete is not blocked.

Before casting, something is equally also done, is exactly the thickness for gunite concrete accurately and on model framework Take Thickness sensitivity measure.

Water slideway side wall casting concrete thickness control method is:

According to b, d point permanent marks on water slideway bottom plate, while the part between controlling sections is marked, according to cunning Water channel sectional dimension and side wall thickness of protection tier, encrypt existing control point, and control point intensively is arranged (about 0.25m, 0.5m are configured) simulation ramp curve, the control datum mark as side wall construction.

The control of side wall inner surface: preferably to control jet thickness, the equidistant intensive setting thickness on every control line Mark post (according to center line radian, about 0.25m, 0.5m is configured) measures jet thickness, correction of deviation in time in the process.Spray After penetrating, the consistent of basic side is obtained with darby, prebuckling control-rod is cut and reserves protective layer, it will be small with the mortar scraped Hole is filled up.Levelling, press polish processing is carried out again.Thickness mark post and prebuckling control-rod are as shown in figure 16.

Specifically, preferably to control water slideway side wall concrete ejection thickness, in each relative measurement controlling sections One sidewall thickness is set towards the position of center line in the height in slot and detects mark post 47, which is fixed on steel On muscle, the position of outer end is exactly the surface of groove sidewall at this.The set-up mode of the Thickness sensitivity mark post may is that use and set The mode for setting positioning screw controls jet thickness.Specific practice is: point is burn-on a screw mother at side wall main reinforcement, with a fixed length The screw rod of degree is screwed into screw mother, and controlling the position at screw head is the thickness of side wall at slideway side wall inner wall thickness control point For 150mm either 250mm.The set-up mode of the Thickness sensitivity mark post may also is that on the reinforcing bar of buildings model binding Prebuckling control-rod is set, and prebuckling control-rod hook is fixed on such as main reinforcement, and the position of end point is abnormity The prebuckling control is cut after the concrete structure that injection is constructed smoothes out in the control point of outer surface of the concrete solid at this Bar processed, and floating is tamped in the hole left.

Thickness sensitivity mark post on multiple relative measurement controlling sections forms a cross caliper control line a.In the transverse direction On thickness control line a, preferably equidistant more densely packed more some Thickness sensitivity mark posts of setting, for example, relative measurement controlling sections At a distance of 1m, and Thickness sensitivity mark post can the above spacing about 0.25m or 0.5m be configured, so as to during gunite concrete and When measure jet thickness, correction of deviation, as shown in Fig. 6 a and Figure 16.The perpendicular of each relative measurement controlling sections is corresponded on side wall On line, several Thickness sensitivity mark posts also can be set, so that the vertical line also becomes vertical thickness control line b, in vertical thickness control On line b processed, the spacing of Thickness sensitivity mark post can be 0.5m, as shown in figure 16.

Shotcrete technology is used for side wall.After being poured bottom plate and baseplate molding, then carry out the model of side wall The building of frame and concrete ejection for side wall.

The process that wet sprayed concrete is carried out to side wall.

The step 2 of this method is to prepare to implement concrete materials ingredient used in wet shotcrete technology for water slideway side wall.

Dry-mixing, the formula of dry mixed material such as the following table 1:

Table 1: concrete dry mixture recipes

Wherein:

Cement selects portland cement.Strength of cement grade is 42.5.

Fine aggregate uses medium coarse sand, and wherein the maximum particle diameter of grains of sand particle is less than 30mm, and is wherein less than the particle of 20mm Content is no less than 85%.It is used as much as possible the good medium coarse sand of hard durability.In order to guarantee that the quality of concrete, and reduction are applied The curing shrinkage of dust and gunite concrete in work, the fineness modulus of medium coarse sand are not preferably less than 2.5.

Coarse aggregate uses cobble or rubble, also selects hard durability good as far as possible.The partial size of coarse aggregate is diameter in 6 millis Rice is not greater than 12mm preferably between 5-10mm, continuous grading between 12 millimeters.Must not use contain active silica Coarse aggregate made of stone material.

The gradation of coarse aggregate must be used excellent by giving two kinds of gradation of coarse aggregate in table 2 in concrete of the invention Deng gradation only in this way can facilitate wet sprayed concrete, and obtain the intensity of Z35-37.5, meet water slideway Design requirement.If using good equal gradation, the intensity of concrete structure can only achieve the intensity of Z32.5.In addition, jeting effect Also bad.

The accumulating weight percentage (%) that 2 coarse aggregate of table passes through each screen aperture

Mesh size

0.15

0.3

0.6

1.2

3.5

5.0

10.0

12.0

It is excellent

5~7

10~15

17~22

23~31

35~43

50~60

73~82

100

It is good

4~8

5~22

13~31

18~41

26~54

40~70

62~90

100

Fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, which will clean up, to be reused.

The ratio of mud is 0.5；

Colorant is colored reinforcing powder or concrete pigment (Bo Mante Bomanite board)；Fiber brand is CTA-BY30, PP fiber；Impervious agent brand is Grace (Grace), the impervious crystallization of M5.

Gunite concrete mixing water is drinking water.Mixing water must not use the acid water of sewage, pH value less than 4, sulphur Hydrochlorate is greater than water by SO42- content meter and weighs 1% water and seawater etc..

Slump in the present invention for wet sprayed concrete is in 80~120mm.

Before gunite concrete, template bottom and corner are poured into the concrete being stirred on side wall carrying out step 3 Place, is then vibrated to concrete compaction with small-sized vibrating spear, followed by formal spraying operation.

It then is exactly to implement step 3 of the invention.

In step 3, it penetrates concrete equipment to generally include: jet pump, air compressor, blender, nozzle and hose.It adopts With blender, jet pump and air compressor integration of operation.

The performance parameter of used jet pump is shown in Table 3:

Table 3: jet pump performance parameter and injection use parameter

Concrete sprayer production capacity 6m³/h；The operating pressure of jet pump is 8.08-10.5 megapascal, spout work pressure Power 0.15-0.4Mpa, the volume of air supply of air compressor machine are 12-15 cubic meters per minute.

The spout operating pressure 0.15-0.4Mpa of gunite concrete.If it is too small to spray pressure, cannot be uniform by concrete Ground is ejected on side wall template framework, in addition, the aggregate being likely to be such that in concrete cannot be evenly distributed on template framework again, Prevent the gradation of aggregate is from giving full play to its effect.

In step 3, when spraying operation, spray head and, when encountering reinforcing bar angled nozzle angle substantially vertical by spray plane are kept To guarantee not occur hollowing behind reinforcing bar.Spray head is maintained at 0.8-1.0m at a distance from jet face.When spray head sprays, spray head is kept With it is substantially vertical by spray plane, spray head does to round or ellipse is mobile, and scale control is transverse direction 40-60cm, high 15-20cm.

Using one section of side wall between water slideway expansion joint as a job step, it is about 15 meters, 1.65 meters of Gao Yuewei, thickness For 250mm.

Side wall carries out the spray of side wall wall according to sequence from bottom to top using primary injection with a thickness of 150-300mm It penetrates, every section of height 15-20cm.

In step 4, it after spraying operation reaches certain area, is struck off with long floating rule, and repairs smooth, press polish rapidly, The setting area can more than along 5 meters or 10 meters of water slideway side wall of one section of area.Concrete repair work is to guarantee injection An indispensable link for concrete flatness, the local filling-in of unfilled corner, recess, protrusion part are struck off with floating rule.

Way for the control of concrete thickness is: when the spraying operation of side wall, the overall thickness control of concrete is slightly Beyond Thickness sensitivity mark post, that is, positioning screw size, Thickness sensitivity mark post is positioned to material extra outside baseline with scraper at this time It wipes off, obtains almost the same section, expose the end of positioning screw, at this point, in-site measurement personnel should be again to positioning screw End carries out positioning measurement, correction of deviation, and inadequate place fills spray, and the place being higher by is struck off with darby, then will determine again Position screw rod takes out, and is filled up with the mortar scraped by the aperture that positioning screw leaves is removed.Then, it manually receives light and carries out levelling, pressure Light processing.

In maintenance in steps of 5, curing time is no less than 14 days.

If the main contents of maintenance guarantee the wet of concrete structural surface, after the completion of work surface, timely showering curing, Maintenance prevents crackle and hollowing phenomenon to keep surface wettability for degree, such as can take daily water spray twice and/or water spray Plastic covering film water-preserving curing afterwards.

Before carrying out next construction section construction, Ying Xianyong bamboo slab rubber or thicker canvas will be adjacent not less than 3m model with to spray plane Finished surface in enclosing makees protection processing, prevents ejecta pollution, destruction that face is completed.

In steps of 5, the third day after injection casting building mass concrete, in body structure surface spray containment glue, The sealant is preferably permeability sealant or sealant, such as Bo Mante (Bomanite) board permeability sealant.

In the method, further include a step, i.e., intensity detection is carried out for gunite concrete side wall.Its method is: While implementing wet sprayed concrete for the side wall of water slideway, using same concrete material, test block, test block spray are made When penetrating concrete, identical as the tilt angle of the side wall, jet thickness is identical, is then smoothed out, and carries out same as side wall Maintenance.Later, the intensity for detecting side wall samples firstly, for test block and carries out intensity detection, then side wall is carried out non-broken Bad property intensity detection.If intensity detection is below standard, the side wall that will be constructed demolition is needed to rebuild.

Compressive strength of sprayed concrete reference block production method

(1) raw material, match ratio, the injection conditions of reference block use are identical as Practical Project.Reference block is from now Forming is cut or drilled through in the concrete plate of field injection.

(2) die size of big plate patterning method is 450mm × 350mm × 120mm (length × width × height)；Core boring sampling method Die size is 500mm × 400mm × 120mm (length × width × height)；The recording quantity of short transverse is that face is built in spray.

(3) the step of test block production is with processing is as follows:

A. at spraying operation scene, face-down inclination is built into mold spray, about 80 ° of angle with horizontal plane, is placed in corner.

B. it first tries to spray outside mold, after operating normally, spray head is moved into die location, from bottom to top, successively to mold Interior gunite concrete.

C. the mold for spraying full concrete is moved into safe and reliable place, smears tool with triangle and strikes off concrete surface.

D. concrete large slab is moved on into laboratory, is demoulded after diel.7d and concrete strength are conserved at the standard conditions Grade is cut or is drilled through when reaching C10 or more.When taking big plate patterning method, remove periphery and upper surface (bottom with cutting machine Face can not be cut) after, it is processed into the test cube that side length is 100mm.The tolerance of test cube: side length no more than ± 1mm, right angle are not more than 2 °.When taking core drilling method, the core sample of Φ 100mm is drilled through with corning machine, by core sample ends cutting and is polished, End face irregularity degree is that every 100mm length is not more than 0.05mm, and verticality is not more than 2 °.

E. continue to be conserved at the standard conditions to 28d age, then carry out compressive strength test.

Specifically, it the 7th day after the completion of water slideway entity side wall construction of shotcrete, in 4 groups of the random coring of a side wall, sees Its integrality (Integrity) is examined, its compression strength (Compressive Stress) is detected.It is completed in construction of shotcrete The 28th day afterwards, in 4 groups of the random coring of another side wall, its integrality is observed, detects its compression strength, compression strength testing result reaches To C35 strength grade of concrete；Seepage-resistant grade is detected simultaneously, seepage-resistant grade reaches owner's P6 grade seepage resistance demand.

Claims (19)

1. a kind of method that wet spraying concrete constructs special-shaped mass concrete, includes the following steps:

Step 1: constructing the buildings model of special-shaped mass concrete；

Step 2: concrete materials ingredient；

A. dry-mixing, dry mixed material include following material, and the additional amount of each material is (Kg/ dry-mixed material per ton):

Cement Silicon powder Sand Stone Fiber Impervious agent Water-reducing agent 190-210 6.5-7.5 406-450 325-365 0.45-0.53 1.9-2.1 0.45-0.53

；

B. by above-mentioned dry-mixed material and water mix, the additional amount of water is 0.5-0.55 times of cement additional amount；

Step 3: the concrete after mix being added in spraying machine, special-shaped solid concrete is ejected by air pressure spraying system In the buildings model of structure；

Step 4: after primary injection reaches the design thickness of mass concrete, for the concrete being ejected into buildings model Carry out Troweling press finishing processing；

Step 5: the concrete structure constructed to injection conserves；

The concrete operations of the step 1 are:

Firstly, establishing the BIM model for the abnormity concrete structure that one is designed, BIM model is put into seat corresponding with scene In mark system, the origin of coordinate system is determined, to obtain the D coordinates value of every bit in abnormity concrete structure；

Then, relative measurement controlling sections, relative measurement controlling sections selection are selected on the abnormity concrete structural model In place of the variation of abnormity concrete planform；

After again, on relative measurement controlling sections, relative measurement control point is chosen, which is in the opposite survey The each intersecting point for measuring controlling sections edge, finds out the coordinate value at each relative measurement control point；

Finally, at the construction field (site), according to the buildings model of BIM model foundation abnormity concrete structure, i.e., according to each phase The frame of each relative measurement controlling sections is established to the coordinate data at each relative measurement control point on measurement controlling sections, Then, the relative measurement control point of each relative measurement controlling sections is connected by facing pattern plate directly, then binds steel Muscle constitutes the model framework for being poured concrete；

On some points of the buildings model, Thickness sensitivity mark post is set, which is fixed on the building mould On the set point of type, each Thickness sensitivity mark post forms thickness control line, and the length of the Thickness sensitivity mark post is the thickness of the point Degree size or BIM model are put into the coordinate system at scene with the set point between mass concrete appearance millet cake Respective coordinate value it is corresponding, which is detachably connected in the buildings model, casting concrete terminate Afterwards, it carries out in floating process, the end of the Thickness sensitivity mark post is the floating benchmark of concrete, two adjacent Thickness sensitivity marks Concrete parts between bar smear into plane, and then, the Thickness sensitivity mark post is taken out, then will take out thickness with concrete The hole that degree detection mark post leaves is filled and led up.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by:

In the method, further include a step, i.e., intensity detection is carried out for gunite concrete side wall, method is: for While the side wall of water slideway implements wet sprayed concrete, using same concrete material, gunite concrete pressure resistance is made Reference block is spent, when the test block gunite concrete, identical as the tilt angle of the side wall, jet thickness is identical, then carries out It smoothing out, progress is similarly conserved with side wall, later, detects the intensity of side wall, and it is sampled firstly, for test block and carries out intensity detection, Then non-destructive intensity detection is carried out for side wall, if intensity detection is below standard, needs the side wall that will be constructed demolition weight It builds.

3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: set point setting is cut in each relative measurement control On the corresponding position in face, that is, upright controling line, and/or, which is arranged in the center of each relative measurement controlling sections On line, that is, crosswise joint line of point.

4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized by: in the corresponding position of each relative measurement controlling sections When i.e. on upright controling line, the spacing of the Thickness sensitivity mark post is 0.5-1m；And/or it is controlled in each relative measurement When on the line of the central point in section, that is, crosswise joint line, the spacing of the Thickness sensitivity mark post is controlled less than adjacent to and opposite measurement The spacing in section；Alternatively, when on line, that is, crosswise joint line of the central point of each relative measurement controlling sections, it is described The spacing of Thickness sensitivity mark post is 0.25m-0.5m.

5. method described according to claim 1 or 3 or 4, it is characterised in that: the set-up mode of the Thickness sensitivity mark post is: Jet thickness is controlled in such a way that positioning screw is set, it may be assumed that point is burn-on a screw mother at the main reinforcement of buildings model binding, Screw mother is screwed into the screw rod of a setting length, and controlling the position at screw head is appearance of the abnormity concrete entity at this It is backed out after the concrete structure that injection is constructed smoothes out and extracts the screw rod out, and screw rod is left in the control point in face Hole tamp floating；And/or

The set-up mode of the Thickness sensitivity mark post is: prebuckling control-rod being arranged on the reinforcing bar of buildings model binding, this is pre- Bending control-rod hook is fixed on the reinforcing bar, and the position of end point is outer surface of the abnormity concrete entity at this The prebuckling control-rod is cut, and the hole left is tamped and is smeared after the concrete structure that injection is constructed smoothes out in control point It is flat.

6. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized by: compressive strength of sprayed concrete reference block production method

(1) raw material, match ratio, the injection conditions of reference block use are identical as Practical Project, and reference block is sprayed from scene Forming is cut or drilled through in the concrete plate penetrated；

(2) die size of big plate patterning method is 450mm × 350mm × 120mm；The die size of core boring sampling method is 500mm ×400mm×120mm；The recording quantity of short transverse is that face is built in spray；

(3) the step of test block production is with processing is as follows:

A. at spraying operation scene, face-down inclination is built into mold spray, about 80 ° of angle with horizontal plane, is placed in corner；

B. it first tries to spray outside mold, after operating normally, spray head is moved into die location, from bottom to top, is successively sprayed into mold Penetrate concrete；

C. the mold for spraying full concrete is moved into safe and reliable place, smears tool with triangle and strikes off concrete surface；

D. concrete large slab is moved on into laboratory, is demoulded after diel；7d and strength grade of concrete are conserved at the standard conditions It is cut or is drilled through when reaching C10 or more；Big plate patterning method is taken to be processed into after removing periphery and upper surface with cutting machine Side length is the test cube of 100mm；Alternatively, taking core drilling method, the core sample of Φ 100mm is drilled through with corning machine；By core sample end face It cuts and polishes；

E. continue to be conserved at the standard conditions to 28d age, then carry out compressive strength test.

7. method according to claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that:

Interval time between dry blend in step 2 and water mix and the jeting process of step 3 does within 5-10 minutes To with stirring with spray, stirring and spray technology are closely connected；And/or

In step 2, in the dry mixed material, the fiber is nylon fiber, and the length is 15-25mm；And/or

The cement selects portland cement；Strength of cement grade is not less than 32.5；And/or

The sand uses medium coarse sand, and fineness modulus is not less than 2.5；And/or

The stone uses cobble or rubble, and the partial size of coarse aggregate is diameter between 5 millimeters to 12 millimeters；And/or

The fine aggregate and the coarse aggregate are cleaned up and are reused.

8. method according to claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that:

One formula of the dry mixed material are as follows:

；

And/or

Gunite concrete mix drinking water；And/or

Slump for wet sprayed concrete is in 80~120mm；And/or

The gradation of the coarse aggregate are as follows:

9. method according to claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: sprayed in progress step 3 in buildings model mixed Also increase a process before solidifying soil, i.e., with the concrete wet feed being stirred to the template bottom of buildings model and/or side seam and/ Or corner is filled jolt ramming；And/or

In step 3, the spout operating pressure 0.15-0.4Mpa of gunite concrete；And/or

In step 3, when spraying operation, keep spray head with it is substantially vertical by spray plane, angled nozzle angle is when encountering reinforcing bar to protect There is not hollowing behind card reinforcing bar；And/or

In step 3, spray head is maintained at 0.8-1.0m at a distance from jet face；And/or

In step 3, when spray head sprays, spray head and substantially vertical by spray plane is kept, spray head is done into round or ellipse and is moved, Scale control is transverse direction 40-60cm, high 15-20cm；And/or

In step 3, using blender, jet pump and air compressor integration of operation, the operating pressure of jet pump is 8-12 million Pa, the volume of air supply of air compressor machine are 12-15 cubic meters per minute；And/or

In step 3, the jet thickness 150-300mm of concrete, primary injection reach thickness requirement, suitable according to from bottom to top Sequence carries out the injection of entity, every section of height 15-20cm.

10. method according to claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: in step 4, when spraying operation reaches setting Area after, carry out floating operation, smoothing out operation, to be divided into just gentle essence flat, in just flat, is struck off with long floating rule, then carries out essence It is flat: to repair smooth, press polish, concrete repair is unfilled corner for concrete surface, at least one of filling-in of recess；With/ Or,

Way for the control of concrete thickness is: in step 3, when spraying operation, the overall thickness control of concrete is super Thickness sensitivity mark post, that is, positioning screw size out in step 4 will be extra outside Thickness sensitivity mark post positioning baseline with scraper Material is wiped off, and almost the same section is obtained, and is exposed on the reinforcing bar for being fixed on and binding in buildings model for controlling jet thickness Thickness sensitivity mark post end, at this point, in-site measurement personnel again to positioning Thickness sensitivity mark post end carry out positioning measurement, Correction of deviation, inadequate place fill spray, and the place being higher by is struck off with darby, then again take positioning Thickness sensitivity mark post Out, it is filled up with the mortar scraped by the aperture that positioning Thickness sensitivity mark post leaves is removed, then, artificial light of receiving carries out levelling, pressure Light processing.

11. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized by: in step 4, when spraying operation reaches the area of setting Afterwards, floating operation is carried out, floating operation is divided into just gentle essence and puts down, in just putting down, struck off with long floating rule, then carry out essence and put down: repairing Filling-in is whole, press polish, and concrete repair is unfilled corner for concrete surface, at least one of filling-in of recess；And/or

Way for the control of concrete thickness is: in step 3, when spraying operation, the overall thickness control of concrete is super Thickness sensitivity mark post, that is, positioning screw size out in step 4 will be extra outside Thickness sensitivity mark post positioning baseline with scraper Material is wiped off, and almost the same section is obtained, and is exposed on the reinforcing bar for being fixed on and binding in buildings model for controlling jet thickness Thickness sensitivity mark post end, at this point, in-site measurement personnel again to positioning Thickness sensitivity mark post end carry out positioning measurement, Correction of deviation, inadequate place fill spray, and the place being higher by is struck off with darby, then again take positioning Thickness sensitivity mark post Out, it is filled up with the mortar scraped by the aperture that positioning Thickness sensitivity mark post leaves is removed, then, artificial light of receiving carries out levelling, pressure Light processing.

12. method according to claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: in maintenance in steps of 5, curing time is not Less than 14 days.

13. method according to claim 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: guarantee the wet of concrete structural surface when maintenance Profit.

14. according to the method for claim 13, it is characterised in that: in steps of 5, keep guncreting is wet to continue 7 It.

15. according to the method for claim 12, it is characterised in that: in steps of 5, keep the temperature of guncreting 5 DEG C or more；And/or

In steps of 5, the temperature of maintenance water is not less than 10 DEG C.

16. according to the method for claim 12, it is characterised in that: in steps of 5, injection casting building solid concrete knot Third day after structure, in body structure surface spray containment glue.

17. according to the method for claim 12, it is characterised in that: in steps of 5, take and spray water twice and/or spray daily Moisture conservation maintenance is carried out to concrete surface after water.

18. according to the method for claim 17, it is characterised in that: in steps of 5, the material on oversite concrete surface is modeling Expect film or bamboo slab rubber.

19. according to the method for claim 16, it is characterised in that: the sealant is permeability sealant.