CN114235519A - Method for researching mechanical behavior of soft-hard interbedded rock mass based on 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Method for researching mechanical behavior of soft-hard interbedded rock mass based on 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005464 sample preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于3D打印技术研究软硬互层岩体力学行为的方法，包括：1.岩石与结构面的样品采集；2.天然软硬互层岩体层面三维激光扫描；3.类岩石材料3D打印与物理模型制作；4.开展相应的岩石力学试验；相比于以往的试样制备方法，本发明具有以下优点：3D打印模型内部材料近似均质，因此在进行试验时其损伤的演化规律更容易观察到；3D过程中通过控制胶水浓度和胶水的饱和度以实现不同强度的软硬互层岩体模型；通过天然岩石结构面的扫描和提取，采用3D打印对天然结构面进行重构，更能真实反映软硬互层岩体的界面条件。
The invention discloses a method for studying the mechanical behavior of soft-hard interbedded rock mass based on 3D printing technology, comprising: 1. sample collection of rock and structural plane; 2. three-dimensional laser scanning of natural soft-hard interbedded rock mass; 3. similar 3D printing of rock materials and fabrication of physical models; 4. Carry out corresponding rock mechanics tests; compared with the previous sample preparation methods, the present invention has the following advantages: the internal material of the 3D printing model is approximately homogeneous, so it is damaged during the test. It is easier to observe the evolution law of the natural rock structure; in the 3D process, the soft and hard interbedded rock mass models of different strengths can be realized by controlling the glue concentration and glue saturation; Reconstruction can more truly reflect the interface conditions of soft and hard interbedded rock mass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rock mechanics, and particularly relates to a method for researching mechanical behavior of soft and hard interbedded rock based on a 3D printing technology.
Background
The soft and hard interbedded rock mass is commonly found in sedimentary strata and has extremely wide distribution in China. The soft and hard interbedded rock mass generally develops a large number of tensile structural surfaces due to the special geological environment and the mechanical property of the soft and hard interbedded rock mass, and the existence of the structural surfaces reduces the integrity of the rock mass and weakens the mechanical property of the rock mass. The joint has the characteristic of tensile property, so that the tight state of the rock mass structure is broken, and the problems of insufficient bearing capacity, stability loss, permeability enhancement and the like of the rock mass are caused. Therefore, researches on the mechanical properties and the damage forms of the soft and hard interbedded rock mass are carried out, a good foundation is laid for revealing the development mechanism of the internal structural plane of the soft and hard interbedded rock mass, and powerful support is provided for the disaster prevention and reduction researches of the vast rock engineering in soft and hard interbedded areas.
However, the integrity of the in-situ soft and hard interbedded rock mass is poor after long-time evolution, and the crack filling process of the sample cannot be observed; in addition, the sample preparation process and the test procedure are extremely inconvenient due to the limitation of size. Therefore, a physical model is urgently needed, which not only meets the shape state of the rock structural surface in a natural state, but also can visually observe the damage evolution process of the interbedded rock mass under the stress condition.
With the progress of 3D printing technology and the development of printing materials, some researchers have begun to explore the introduction of this technology into research work on rock mechanics. However, due to the limitations of 3D printing materials and processes, the simulation of the mechanical properties of the complex interbedded rock mass matrix is not complete. The main problems are as follows: (1) a preparation method of a stratified rock mass material based on 3D printing is lacked, and particularly the soft-hard interbedded rock mass aiming at the interface heterogeneous shear mechanical behavior. (2) The influence of the selected materials on the physical mechanical behavior of the finished product is not researched, and the response of the model mechanical evolution process to the 3D printing technology cannot be evaluated. (3) Less research relates to a whole set of flow method for 3D fine printing and mechanical behavior monitoring of soft and hard interbedded rock mass.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for researching mechanical behavior of soft and hard interbedded rock masses based on a 3D printing technology, so that the damage process of the soft and hard interbedded rock masses can be observed more conveniently and intuitively, and powerful support is provided for the disaster prevention and reduction research of vast rock engineering in soft and hard interbedded areas.
The invention aims to provide a method for researching mechanical behavior of a soft-hard interbedded rock mass based on a 3D printing technology, which mainly comprises the following steps: 1. collecting samples of the rock and the structural surface; 2. three-dimensional laser scanning of a natural soft-hard interbedded rock mass layer; 3. 3D printing and physical model making of rock-like materials; 4. four corresponding rock mechanics tests were carried out, as shown in fig. 1.
Wherein, the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and selecting a soft-hard interbedded rock mass area for carrying out extensive investigation, investigating geological factor information of the soft-hard interbedded rock mass, such as the thickness of a hard layer, the thickness of a field joint, the attitude and the like under a real condition, and using the investigated geological factor information as field data support of a rock mechanics test.
(2) Selecting a plurality of investigation points with obvious difference at the rock mass interface of the soft and hard interbedded layer, and collecting a layer sample containing the rock mass interface of the soft and hard interbedded layer.
Wherein, the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, a three-dimensional laser scanner (Handyscan 3D, precision 0.05mm) is used to scan the acquired soft-hard interbedded rock layer morphology to generate a three-dimensional digital grid, 2 strips with significant relief morphology difference are selected as representative layers, grid areas of 20cm × 20cm are respectively intercepted to generate an STL file as an instruction file input to a 3D printer.
Wherein, the step 3 is specifically as follows:
(1) selection of materials for physical models
As shown in fig. 3, a suitable printing substrate is required to be selected for carrying out the physical model test of the soft-hard interbedded rock mass, and two materials with different mechanical properties are selected to respectively simulate soft rock and hard rock according to literature reports and research:
firstly, selecting a VisiJet PXL gypsum powder material as a printing base material and a Saltwater cure as a penetrant aiming at the hard and brittle rock, and preparing a sample by adopting a three-dimensional printing (3DP) process, wherein the thickness precision of the printing layer is 0.1 mm.
Secondly, selecting a substrate material of Flexible resin for simulation aiming at the soft rock, and selecting a Stereo Lithography (SLA) process for sample preparation. Both samples were printed using an Objet 500connex3 multifunction 3D printer. According to previous researches, basic physical mechanical parameters of two rock physical models can reach the levels shown in the table 1, wherein, Flexible resin as a typical resin material has obvious rheological characteristics similar to other lipid materials, which creates rheological deformation conditions for the development of a later physical model constant pressure test.
The mechanical test is carried out on a standard test piece made of a simulation material through 3D printing, 3D printing software carried by a system can adjust the glue consumption in the test piece through changing the saturation parameter in the test piece, so that 4 different glue saturations are set, wherein the glue saturations are respectively 100%, 125%, 150% and 175%, and single-axis and three-axis compression tests and Brazilian splitting tests of the hard and brittle rock test piece are carried out under each condition to obtain parameters such as the compression strength, the tensile strength, the modulus, the Poisson ratio and the like of the hard and brittle rock under different saturations.
For flexible photosensitive resin printing materials, the addition amount of the diluent is found to influence the gel rate of the photosensitive resin, and further influence the mechanical property of the photosensitive resin. Therefore, a triaxial compression test of the mudstone printing test piece is carried out under the condition that the concentrations of the added diluents are 5%, 15%, 20% and 25%, and parameters such as compression strength, shearing strength parameters, modulus, Poisson ratio and the like of the mudstone under different saturation degrees are obtained.
(2) 3D printing production of physical model
As shown in tables 2 and 3, two representative samples are selected from the collected sandstone structural surface samples, the STL files of the structural surfaces and the three-dimensional geometric model are obtained through three-dimensional reconstruction according to the digital morphology information of the upper and lower structural surfaces of the sandstone sample, and the 3D printing technology is adopted to manufacture the physical model samples of the soft-hard interbedded rock mass. The soft-hard double-layer combined die can be used for a shear test, and the soft-hard-soft mutual layer combined die can be used for a compression test.
Wherein, the step 4 is specifically as follows:
(1) compression test:
when many factors need to be considered, orthogonal experimental design is adopted. The sample used in the experiment is a sandstone-like mudstone interbed model manufactured by 3D printing, and constant-pressure experiments under different pressures are carried out by utilizing a rock rigid press according to the combination of different layer thicknesses shown in Table 3.
Monitoring rock mechanics test process
As shown in fig. 4, deformation and fracture information of the test is acquired in real time during the loading of the physical model specimen. And monitoring damage and fracture in the rock mass by using an acoustic emission system, and carrying out three-dimensional positioning on the damage and fracture area to obtain the fracture evolution process of the joint. In order to accurately obtain the three-dimensional strain of the soft rock layer and the hard rock layer, the lateral expansion deformation of a sample is measured through optical fibers, and particularly the upper deformation and the lower deformation of a contact surface of the soft rock and the hard rock are measured; and meanwhile, observing the integral strain of the sample by adopting an MTI non-contact strain measurement system to obtain a strain field, and inverting the stress field by a self-contained program of the system.
And the fracture behavior characteristics of the vertical joint in the loading process, including fracture position, fracture direction and fracture sequence, are obtained through comprehensive monitoring.
(2) Shear test
As shown in fig. 5, the shearing behavior of the interface is two-dimensional center divergent anisotropic shearing, so that structural plane anisotropic shearing tests are performed on the same group of 3D-printed soft and hard combined samples according to 8 different directions under 1MPa, 2MPa, 3MPa, 5MPa and 10MPa of 5 normal stress conditions. In the contact shear test process of the soft and hard rocks, the strain of the upper rock body and the lower rock body of a shear surface is observed through an MTI non-contact strain measurement system, and the relation between micro-shear displacement and shear stress is obtained.
Compared with the prior sample preparation method, the method has the following advantages:
1.3D prints the material in the model and is similar to homogeneous, therefore it is easier to observe that it damages the evolution law when carrying on the experiment; and in the 3D process, the soft-hard interbedded rock mass models with different strengths are realized by controlling the glue concentration and the saturation of the glue.
2. Through the scanning and extraction of the natural rock structural surface, the natural structural surface is reconstructed by adopting 3D printing, and the interface condition of the soft-hard interbedded rock mass can be reflected more truly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for researching mechanical behavior of a soft-hard interbedded rock mass based on a 3D printing technology, which is provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of acquisition of structural surface topography information;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printing process of hard brittle-like rock and soft rock-like rock;
FIG. 4 is a 3D printed physical model specimen loading and fracturing process;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the shear direction of a structural plane;
fig. 6 shows the physical and mechanical parameters that can be achieved by two 3D printed materials;
FIG. 7 is a 3D printing of a soft-hard double-layer combined shear test model;
FIG. 8 is a 3D print of a soft-hard-soft mutual layer combined constant pressure test model;
fig. 9 is a design factor for orthogonal experiments.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a method for researching mechanical behavior of a soft-hard interbedded rock mass based on a 3D printing technology, which mainly comprises the following steps: 1. collecting samples of the rock and the structural surface; 2. three-dimensional laser scanning of a natural soft-hard interbedded rock mass layer; 3. 3D printing and physical model making of rock-like materials; 4. four corresponding rock mechanics tests were carried out, as shown in fig. 1.
Wherein, the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and selecting a soft-hard interbedded rock mass area for carrying out extensive investigation, investigating geological factor information of the soft-hard interbedded rock mass, such as the thickness of a hard layer, the thickness of a field joint, the attitude and the like under a real condition, and using the investigated geological factor information as field data support of a rock mechanics test.
(2) Selecting a plurality of investigation points with obvious difference at the rock mass interface of the soft and hard interbedded layer, and collecting a layer sample containing the rock mass interface of the soft and hard interbedded layer.
Wherein, the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, a three-dimensional laser scanner (Handyscan 3D, precision 0.05mm) is used to scan the acquired soft-hard interbedded rock layer morphology to generate a three-dimensional digital grid, 2 strips with significant relief morphology difference are selected as representative layers, grid areas of 20cm × 20cm are respectively intercepted to generate an STL file as an instruction file input to a 3D printer.
Wherein, the step 3 is specifically as follows:
(1) selection of materials for physical models
As shown in fig. 3, a suitable printing substrate is required to be selected for carrying out the physical model test of the soft-hard interbedded rock mass, and two materials with different mechanical properties are selected to respectively simulate soft rock and hard rock according to literature reports and research:
firstly, selecting a VisiJet PXL gypsum powder material as a printing base material and a Saltwater cure as a penetrant aiming at the hard and brittle rock, and preparing a sample by adopting a three-dimensional printing (3DP) process, wherein the thickness precision of the printing layer is 0.1 mm.
Secondly, selecting a substrate material of Flexible resin for simulation aiming at the soft rock, and selecting a Stereo Lithography (SLA) process for sample preparation. Both samples were printed using an Objet 500connex3 multifunction 3D printer. According to previous researches, basic physical mechanical parameters of two rock physical models can reach the levels shown in the table 1, wherein, Flexible resin as a typical resin material has obvious rheological characteristics similar to other lipid materials, which creates rheological deformation conditions for the development of a later physical model constant pressure test.
The mechanical test is carried out on a standard test piece made of a simulation material through 3D printing, 3D printing software carried by a system can adjust the glue consumption in the test piece through changing the saturation parameter in the test piece, so that 4 different glue saturations are set, wherein the glue saturations are respectively 100%, 125%, 150% and 175%, and single-axis and three-axis compression tests and Brazilian splitting tests of the hard and brittle rock test piece are carried out under each condition to obtain parameters such as the compression strength, the tensile strength, the modulus, the Poisson ratio and the like of the hard and brittle rock under different saturations.
For flexible photosensitive resin printing materials, the addition amount of the diluent is found to influence the gel rate of the photosensitive resin, and further influence the mechanical property of the photosensitive resin. Therefore, a triaxial compression test of the mudstone printing test piece is carried out under the condition that the concentrations of the added diluents are 5%, 15%, 20% and 25%, and parameters such as compression strength, shearing strength parameters, modulus, Poisson ratio and the like of the mudstone under different saturation degrees are obtained.
(2) 3D printing production of physical model
As shown in tables 2 and 3, two representative samples are selected from the collected sandstone structural surface samples, the STL files of the structural surfaces and the three-dimensional geometric model are obtained through three-dimensional reconstruction according to the digital morphology information of the upper and lower structural surfaces of the sandstone sample, and the 3D printing technology is adopted to manufacture the physical model samples of the soft-hard interbedded rock mass. The soft-hard double-layer combined die can be used for a shear test, and the soft-hard-soft mutual layer combined die can be used for a compression test.
Wherein, the step 4 is specifically as follows:
(1) compression test:
when many factors need to be considered, orthogonal experimental design is adopted. The sample used in the experiment is a sandstone-like mudstone interbed model manufactured by 3D printing, and constant-pressure experiments under different pressures are carried out by utilizing a rock rigid press according to the combination of different layer thicknesses shown in Table 4.
Monitoring rock mechanics test process
As shown in fig. 4, deformation and fracture information of the test is acquired in real time during the loading of the physical model specimen. And monitoring damage and fracture in the rock mass by using an acoustic emission system, and carrying out three-dimensional positioning on the damage and fracture area to obtain the fracture evolution process of the joint. In order to accurately obtain the three-dimensional strain of the soft rock layer and the hard rock layer, the lateral expansion deformation of a sample is measured through optical fibers, and particularly the upper deformation and the lower deformation of a contact surface of the soft rock and the hard rock are measured; and meanwhile, observing the integral strain of the sample by adopting an MTI non-contact strain measurement system to obtain a strain field, and inverting the stress field by a self-contained program of the system.
And the fracture behavior characteristics of the vertical joint in the loading process, including fracture position, fracture direction and fracture sequence, are obtained through comprehensive monitoring.
(2) Shear test
As shown in fig. 5, the shearing behavior of the interface is two-dimensional center divergent anisotropic shearing, so that structural plane anisotropic shearing tests are performed on the same group of 3D-printed soft and hard combined samples according to 8 different directions under 1MPa, 2MPa, 3MPa, 5MPa and 10MPa of 5 normal stress conditions. In the contact shear test process of the soft and hard rocks, the strain of the upper rock body and the lower rock body of a shear surface is observed through an MTI non-contact strain measurement system, and the relation between micro-shear displacement and shear stress is obtained.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114858551A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-05 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Method for monitoring deformation field at layered interface of layered sample |
| CN115112479A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-09-27 | 东北大学 | Method for reconstructing local high-stress environment inside large deep three-dimensional physical model |
| CN115127475A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-30 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A method for accurate acquisition of 3D structural plane of original rock based on additive manufacturing technology |
| CN115372099A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-22 | 东北大学 | Rock-soil thermal insulation material preparation and 3D printing method for physical model test |
| CN115464744A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-12-13 | 东北石油大学 | 3D printing-based rock micro-fault similar model manufacturing method |
| CN115711847A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-02-24 | 广西大学 | Acid rain dry-wet alternation dangerous rock catastrophe inoculation physical simulation device and method |
| CN117848921A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-04-09 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | A method for measuring gas content and saturation of rock and soil media and evaluating disaster risk and mitigation based on microscopic model |
| CN118655038A (en) * | 2024-08-19 | 2024-09-17 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method for locating rock failure position in the rock breaking test of roller cutter in soft and hard formations |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114858551A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-05 | 煤炭科学研究总院有限公司 | Method for monitoring deformation field at layered interface of layered sample |
| CN115127475A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-30 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A method for accurate acquisition of 3D structural plane of original rock based on additive manufacturing technology |
| CN115112479A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-09-27 | 东北大学 | Method for reconstructing local high-stress environment inside large deep three-dimensional physical model |
| CN115112479B (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2024-04-09 | 东北大学 | Reconstruction method for local high-stress environment in large deep three-dimensional physical model |
| CN115372099A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-22 | 东北大学 | Rock-soil thermal insulation material preparation and 3D printing method for physical model test |
| CN115464744A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-12-13 | 东北石油大学 | 3D printing-based rock micro-fault similar model manufacturing method |
| CN115711847A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-02-24 | 广西大学 | Acid rain dry-wet alternation dangerous rock catastrophe inoculation physical simulation device and method |
| CN117848921A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-04-09 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | A method for measuring gas content and saturation of rock and soil media and evaluating disaster risk and mitigation based on microscopic model |
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