CN111812020A - Complex geological structure mining rock stratum movement simulation method - Google Patents
Complex geological structure mining rock stratum movement simulation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111812020A CN111812020A CN202010545988.5A CN202010545988A CN111812020A CN 111812020 A CN111812020 A CN 111812020A CN 202010545988 A CN202010545988 A CN 202010545988A CN 111812020 A CN111812020 A CN 111812020A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/40—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for geology
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
Abstract
The invention provides a method for simulating the movement of a mining rock stratum in a complex geological structure. The method comprises the steps of selecting a printing wire, printing a rough model, simulating a rock stratum moving process, obtaining a rock stratum moving rule under a complex geological condition and the like. The method shortens the experimental period again by controlling the deformation of the material on the basis of printing, simplifies the human resources, ensures that the experiment can be carried out under the approximately same condition after printing each time, and is convenient for the scientific law to be stable and reliable. The method can be used for carrying out relatively real and accurate simulation on complex geological structures such as faults, folds and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of mine technical engineering, in particular to a mining rock stratum movement simulation method for a complex geological structure.
Background
Similar simulation experiments have been widely accepted and accepted as an important research method for formation control technology. Many scholars try to improve the accuracy of experimental results through various methods, but in the actual process, the method does not achieve the ideal effect, and a large amount of materials, manpower and time are consumed for carrying out a similar simulation experiment. Although the 3D printing technology is widely applied at present, the time period is also shortened to a certain extent, but 3D printing can only simulate the rock stratum movement conditions under specific geological conditions including rock stratum thickness and strength, and rock stratum parameters and geological structure parameters cannot be changed in the same experimental process so as to compare and obtain a relatively reliable and stable rock stratum movement evolution rule.
Therefore, it is desirable to develop a method for simulating the movement of the mining rock formation in a complex geological structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for simulating the movement of a mining rock stratum in a complex geological structure, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the aim of the invention is that the method for simulating the movement of the mining rock stratum of the complex geological structure comprises the following steps:
1) and determining the similarity ratio according to the similarity principle, and selecting the shape memory polymer as a printing wire.
2) And determining the rock stratum geometric similarity ratio and the geometric dimension of the model to be printed according to the similarity ratio. And detecting to obtain the distribution characteristics of the complex geological structure in the required similar simulated geological prototype. Wherein the complex geological structure comprises a collapse column, joints, folds and faults.
3) And 4D printing the similar model to obtain a similar coarse model containing the geological structure of the joint and/or the collapse column.
4) And applying different external field excitation to materials at different positions in the similar coarse model to ensure that different physical and mechanical property parameters are obtained at different positions of the model. Strong excitation of the position of the preset fold and/or fault causes large deformation of the model. Wherein the physical and mechanical property parameters comprise rock volume weight, compressive strength and shear strength.
5) And (5) performing excavation simulation, and observing the evolution process of the displacement, stress and crack of the geological structure of the similar model in the mining process.
6) And (4) putting the memory material of the excavated model back to the original model, and healing the broken memory material by external field excitation.
7) And (5) changing the excitation degree of the fault and/or flexure structure, and repeating the step 5) and the step 6) to obtain rock stratum stress, displacement and fracture evolution laws under different sizes and types of fault and/or flexure conditions.
Further, the shape memory polymer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of barite powder, 4-6 parts of paraffin, 6 parts of antirust agent, 25 parts of expansion deformation agent, 13 parts of fine wood dust, 20 parts of acrylic ester with aldehyde group and 10 parts of rubber.
Further, the shape memory polymer also comprises a photoinitiator and quartz sand.
Further, in step 3), the shape memory polymer is repeatedly laminated from bottom to top for printing. The separation material between the layers is mica powder.
Further, in step 4), the scale and type of the fold and fault are controlled by light or temperature.
Further, in the step 4), strong excitation is applied to enable the internal force of the preset buckling lateral rock stratum to be increased sharply. And (4) exciting weakening at the fold forming position, so that the preset fold position is pressed to generate bending deformation, and forming a fold shape.
Further, in the step 4), different excitations are applied to rock strata on two sides of the preset fault position, and the rock strata are subjected to shear deformation fracture. And controlling the upper wall rock stratum of the fault to bend downwards and the lower wall rock stratum of the fault to bend upwards to form the friction form and fall of the rock at the fault.
Further, in the step 5), overburden rock displacement, stress distribution and fracture evolution processes of the similar model in the mining process are monitored. The displacement pictures of models with different excavation distances are obtained by photographing through a high-speed camera, and the displacement evolution rule of rock strata and overlying rocks near the fold and fault structures is obtained through image processing. The stress distribution of similar materials at the position of flexure and fault is tested by adopting a photoelasticity measuring method. The mining-induced fracture evolution law is obtained by observing the crack initiation of the similar model along with the increase of the excavation distance through a high-speed camera and combining an expansion process picture with a fractal theory.
Further, in the step 5), the fracture evolution law comprises the process that the number, the opening degree, the area, the type and the fractal dimension of the mining fracture evolve along with the mining progress.
The technical effects of the invention are undoubted:
A. on the basis of 3D printing, the deformation of the material is controlled, so that the experimental period is shortened again, the human resources are reduced, the experiment can be carried out under the approximately same condition after each printing, and the stable and reliable scientific rule is facilitated;
B. the experimental conditions can be ensured to be approximately similar when the experiment is carried out each time, and the experimental error caused by factors such as seasons and the like is reduced;
C. compared with the existing geologic structure simulation means, the geologic structure is formed by applying external force, certain randomness exists, and the new method can truly and accurately simulate the influence of flexure and faults;
D. because the deformation of the material can be controlled by exciting factors such as light and the like in the same experiment, the method can be used for researching the influence of the complex geological structure evolution process on the rock stratum movement, and the application range of a simulation experiment of similar materials is expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for simulating the movement of a mining rock formation in a complex geological structure, including the following steps:
1) and selecting the shape memory polymer as the printing wire according to the similarity ratio. The shape memory polymer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of barite powder, 4-6 parts of paraffin, 6 parts of antirust agent, 25 parts of expansion deformation agent and 13 parts of fine wood dust. The shape memory polymer can uniformly absorb water and has dehydration property and unobvious deformation, and after the material expands and deforms under the excitation of light or temperature, the mass or volume of the material can uniformly expand by tens of times or hundreds of times of the original mass or volume. The shape memory polymer meets the geometric similarity ratio and the mass similarity ratio of similar material similarity experiments.
2) And 3D printing is carried out according to the rock stratum geometric similarity template to be printed and the geological structure similarity model to obtain a geological structure coarse model. In the 3D printing process, mica powder is used as a separation material between layers. The printing is carried out by repeatedly laminating the shape memory polymers from bottom to top by adopting a double-layer structure. Wherein, the double-layer structure is composed of materials with different proportions.
3) And carrying out temperature excitation or light excitation to deform the coarse model according to a preset mode and simulate the moving process of the rock stratum. The size of the fold and fault is controlled by illumination or temperature. Fault occurrence includes dip, dip and strike. The bent configuration includes upright, inclined, inverted, and lying configurations. The production scale of the build is controlled by the width, height and 4D printing material deformability of the print.
4) And (3) carrying out excavation simulation by using an excavating manipulator, and observing the displacement, stress and crack changes of the whole rock stratum and the fault position in the excavation process to obtain the overburden rock displacement, stress distribution and crack evolution process of the fold-containing geological structure similar model in the mining process. The excavating manipulator comprises a movable arm, a bucket rod, a bucket and a base. One end of the movable arm is connected with the base, and the other end of the movable arm is hinged with the bucket rod. The bucket is detachably connected with the tail end of the bucket rod.
5) And (4) putting the memory material of the excavation model back to the original model by using an excavation manipulator, and restoring the rock stratum to the original shape of the model by temperature excitation or light excitation to heal the broken memory material.
6) And (3) changing the occurrence of the fold and the fault, and repeating the step 3) and the step 4) to obtain the rock stratum movement rule under the complex geological condition.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses a complex geological structure mining rock stratum movement simulation method, which comprises the following steps:
1) and determining the similarity ratio according to the similarity principle, and selecting the shape memory polymer as a printing wire.
2) And determining the rock stratum geometric similarity ratio and the geometric dimension of the model to be printed according to the similarity ratio. And detecting to obtain the distribution characteristics of the complex geological structure in the required similar simulated geological prototype. Wherein the complex geological structure comprises a collapse column, joints, folds and faults.
3) And (3) carrying out 4D printing on the similar model according to the detected complex geological structure and combining with a similar principle to obtain a similar coarse model containing the geological structure of the joint and/or the collapse column.
4) And applying different external field excitation to materials at different positions in the similar coarse model to ensure that different physical and mechanical property parameters are obtained at different positions of the model so as to meet the similarity principle. Strong excitation of the position of the preset fold and/or fault causes large deformation of the model. Wherein the physical and mechanical property parameters comprise rock volume weight, compressive strength and shear strength.
5) And (5) performing excavation simulation, and observing the evolution process of the displacement, stress and crack of the geological structure of the similar model in the mining process.
6) And (4) putting the memory material of the excavated model back to the original model, and healing the broken memory material by external field excitation.
7) And (5) changing the excitation degree of the fault and/or flexure structure, and repeating the step 5) and the step 6) to obtain rock stratum stress, displacement and fracture evolution laws under different sizes and types of fault and/or flexure conditions.
Example 3:
the main steps of this example are the same as example 2, wherein the composition and the parts by mass of the shape memory polymer are as follows: 50 parts of barite powder, 4-6 parts of paraffin, 6 parts of antirust agent, 25 parts of expansion deformation agent, 13 parts of fine wood dust, 20 parts of acrylic ester with aldehyde group and 10 parts of rubber. The shape memory polymer also includes a photoinitiator and quartz sand. The quartz sand is used for adjusting the density of the material, so that the shape memory polymer meets the mass similarity ratio.
The shape memory polymer can uniformly absorb water and has dehydration property and unobvious deformation, and after the material expands and deforms under the excitation of light or temperature, the mass or volume of the material can uniformly expand by tens of times or hundreds of times of the original mass or volume. The shape memory polymer meets the geometric similarity ratio and the mass similarity ratio of similar material similarity experiments.
Example 4:
the main steps of this example are the same as example 2, wherein in step 3), the shape memory polymer is repeatedly laminated from bottom to top for printing. The separation material between the layers is mica powder.
Example 5:
the main steps of this example are the same as example 2, wherein, in step 4), the scale and type of the fold and fault are controlled by light or temperature.
The simulation method of the fold comprises the following steps: different excitations are applied to the rock stratum near the preset buckling position to be formed, strong excitations are applied to the position where the bending degree is required to be small, the internal force of the rock stratum is increased sharply, but the excitations are weakened at the buckling forming position, so that the buckling forming position in the layer is extruded to be bent and deformed, the buckling shape in the layer is formed, the like is carried out until the bending deformation is formed at the position where the bending degree is large, the whole buckling structure is finally formed, and the buckling scale is determined by the size of the bending deformation degree and the influence range.
The fault simulation method comprises the following steps: applying different excitations on two sides of rock strata on two sides of a preset fault position to be formed, firstly applying the excitations on the two sides of the fault to enable the rock strata to generate shear deformation until the rock strata are broken, and sequentially enabling the rock strata at the preset fault position to generate shear breakage to form a fault line. Then, the rock stratum on the upper plate of the fault line is controlled to be bent downwards, and the rock stratum on the lower plate of the fault line is controlled to be bent upwards, so that the friction form and the fall of the rock at the fault position are formed. The scale of the fault is controlled by the length of the fault line and the size of the drop.
Example 6:
the main steps of the embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 2, wherein in the step 5), overburden rock displacement, stress distribution and fracture evolution processes of the similar model in the mining process are monitored. The displacement pictures of models with different excavation distances are obtained by photographing through a high-speed camera, and the displacement evolution rule of rock strata and overlying rocks near the fold and fault structures is obtained through image processing. The stress distribution of similar materials at the position of flexure and fault is tested by adopting a photoelasticity measuring method. The mining-induced fracture evolution law is obtained by observing the crack initiation of the similar model along with the increase of the excavation distance through a high-speed camera and combining an expansion process picture with a fractal theory.
The fracture evolution law comprises the process that the number, the opening degree, the area, the type and the fractal dimension of mining fractures evolve along with the mining.
Claims (9)
1. A complex geological structure mining rock stratum movement simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining a similarity ratio according to a similarity principle, and selecting a shape memory polymer as a printing wire;
2) determining the rock stratum geometric similarity ratio and the geometric size of the model to be printed according to the similarity ratio; detecting to obtain the distribution characteristics of the complex geological structure in the required similar simulation geological prototype; wherein the complex geological structure comprises a collapse column, joints, folds and faults;
3) 4D printing the similar model to obtain a similar coarse model containing a geological structure of a joint and/or a collapse column;
4) applying different external field excitations to materials at different positions in the similar coarse model to ensure that different physical and mechanical property parameters are obtained at different positions of the model; strong excitation is carried out on the position of the preset flexure and/or fault to promote the model to generate large deformation; wherein the physical and mechanical property parameters comprise rock volume weight, compressive strength and shear strength;
5) carrying out excavation simulation, and observing the evolution process of the displacement, stress and crack of the geological structure of the similar model in the mining process;
6) the memory material of the excavation model is put back to the original model, and the broken memory material is healed through the excitation of an external field;
7) and (5) changing the excitation degree of the fault and/or flexure structure, and repeating the step 5) and the step 6) to obtain rock stratum stress, displacement and fracture evolution laws under different sizes and types of fault and/or flexure conditions.
2. The method for simulating the movement of the mining rock stratum of the complex geological structure according to the claim 1, characterized in that: the shape memory polymer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of barite powder, 4-6 parts of paraffin, 6 parts of antirust agent, 25 parts of expansion deformation agent, 13 parts of fine wood dust, 20 parts of acrylic ester with aldehyde group and 10 parts of rubber.
3. The method for simulating the movement of the mining rock stratum of the complex geological structure according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the shape memory polymer also includes a photoinitiator and quartz sand.
4. The method for simulating the movement of the mining rock stratum of the complex geological structure according to the claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3), repeatedly laminating the shape memory polymer from bottom to top for printing; the separation material between the layers is mica powder.
5. The method for simulating the movement of the mining rock stratum of the complex geological structure according to the claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4), the scale and type of the fold and fault are controlled by illumination or temperature.
6. The method for simulating the movement of the mining rock stratum of the complex geological structure according to the claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4), strong excitation is applied to enable the internal force of the preset buckling lateral rock stratum to be increased rapidly; and (4) exciting weakening at the fold forming position, so that the preset fold position is pressed to generate bending deformation, and forming a fold shape.
7. The method for simulating the movement of the mining rock stratum of the complex geological structure according to the claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 4), applying different excitations to rock strata on two sides of a preset fault position, and enabling the rock strata to generate shear deformation fracture; and controlling the upper wall rock stratum of the fault to bend downwards and the lower wall rock stratum of the fault to bend upwards to form the friction form and fall of the rock at the fault.
8. The method for simulating the movement of the mining rock stratum of the complex geological structure according to the claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5), overburden rock displacement, stress distribution and fracture evolution processes of the similar model in the mining process are monitored; the method comprises the steps of obtaining displacement pictures of models with different excavation distances by photographing through a high-speed camera, and obtaining displacement evolution rules of rock stratums and overlying rocks near a fold and fault structure through image processing; testing the stress distribution of similar materials at the position of the flexure and the fault by adopting a photoelasticity measurement method; the mining-induced fracture evolution law is obtained by observing the crack initiation of the similar model along with the increase of the excavation distance through a high-speed camera and combining an expansion process picture with a fractal theory.
9. The method for simulating the movement of the mining rock stratum of the complex geological structure according to the claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5), the crack evolution law comprises the process that the number, the opening degree, the area, the type and the fractal dimension of the mining-induced cracks evolve along with the mining.
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Cited By (1)
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