CN109883221B - Compressed air heat storage system - Google Patents

Compressed air heat storage system Download PDF

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CN109883221B
CN109883221B CN201910139042.6A CN201910139042A CN109883221B CN 109883221 B CN109883221 B CN 109883221B CN 201910139042 A CN201910139042 A CN 201910139042A CN 109883221 B CN109883221 B CN 109883221B
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heat
pressure
compressed air
normal
storage
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CN109883221A (en
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周盛妮
张建军
冯自平
宋文吉
韩颖
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Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion of CAS
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Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion of CAS
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14Thermal energy storage

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Abstract

The invention discloses a compressed air heat storage system which comprises a compressor, a buffer tank, a drying filter, a turbine, a high-pressure heat exchanger, a normal-pressure heat storage packed bed, a heat carrier storage tank I, a heat carrier storage tank II, a compressed air storage tank, a matched valve, a pump, a temperature heat transmitter and a pressure sensor, wherein the buffer tank is connected with the high-pressure heat exchanger; the compressor is connected with a compressed air storage tank through a buffer tank, a drying filter and a high-pressure heat exchanger in sequence, and the compressed air storage tank is also connected with a turbine through the high-pressure heat exchanger; and the first heat carrier storage tank is connected with the second heat carrier storage tank through the high-pressure heat exchanger and the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed in sequence. The invention combines the high-pressure heat exchanger and the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed, realizes the conversion from high-pressure heat exchange to low-pressure heat exchange of the heat storage packed bed, and reduces the pressure-bearing requirement of a high-pressure heat storage system on the heat storage packed bed and the cost and risk of the heat storage packed bed.

Description

Compressed air heat storage system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, in particular to a compressed air heat storage system.
Background
The compressed air energy storage technology can realize the functions of peak clipping and valley filling and balancing the power load, thereby improving the stability and the economy of a power transmission and distribution system. Early compressed air energy storage systems did not utilize the heat of compression generated during the air compression process and the compressed air pressure was not very high, thus requiring a large storage space and also having low system efficiency. The supercritical compressed air energy storage system appeared in recent years is provided with a special heat storage device by increasing the compressed air pressure to a supercritical state, so that the energy density and the efficiency of the system can be greatly improved.
For supercritical compressed air energy storage systems, the storage and utilization of the heat of compression plays a crucial role in system efficiency. At present, most compressed air energy storage systems directly use a packed bed as heat storage equipment, when high-temperature compressed air from a compressor flows through the packed bed, the compressed heat is transferred to a heat storage material in the packed bed, and in an energy release stage, the stored compressed heat is utilized to preheat low-temperature high-pressure air entering a turbine to do work. The packed bed is an effective way for storing heat by high-temperature pressurized air, but when the pressure of compressed air is higher, a transcritical or even supercritical state is obtained, the heat exchange in the packed bed is a high-pressure heat exchange process, the bed body of the packed bed needs very strong pressure bearing characteristics, and especially when the scale of high-pressure systems such as transcritical and supercritical compressed air energy storage is larger, the amount of compressed heat to be stored is increased, the scale of the bed body of the packed bed is correspondingly increased, the requirement on the pressure bearing performance of the device is tighter, and the heat storage cost is greatly increased. Therefore, the high-pressure air energy storage system puts higher requirements on the heat storage system, and the conditions are difficult to meet by only using the conventional heat storage packed bed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compressed air heat storage system, which meets the pressure-bearing requirement of equipment and simultaneously improves the heat utilization efficiency of the heat storage system as much as possible so as to improve the system efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a compressed air heat storage system comprises a compressor, a buffer tank, a drying filter, a turbine, a high-pressure heat exchanger, a normal-pressure heat storage packed bed, a heat carrier storage tank I, a heat carrier storage tank II and a compressed air storage tank;
the compressor is connected with a compressed air storage tank through a buffer tank, a drying filter and a high-pressure heat exchanger in sequence, and the compressed air storage tank is also connected with a turbine through the high-pressure heat exchanger; the first heat carrier storage tank is connected with the second heat carrier storage tank through a high-pressure heat exchanger and a normal-pressure heat storage packed bed in sequence; the heat exchange process in the high-pressure heat exchanger is high-pressure heat exchange, and the heat exchange process in the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed is normal-pressure heat exchange;
a heat storage stage: high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air from the compressor enters a high-pressure heat exchanger to exchange heat with a low-temperature and normal-pressure heat carrier from a heat carrier storage tank I, the high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air is changed into low-temperature and high-pressure compressed air to be stored in a compressed air storage tank, the low-temperature and normal-pressure heat carrier is changed into a high-temperature and normal-pressure heat carrier and then enters a normal-pressure heat storage packed bed, heat is stored in a heat storage material of the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed, and the high;
and (3) heat release stage: and the low-temperature normal-pressure heat carrier from the second heat carrier storage tank enters the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed to absorb heat stored in a heat storage material of the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed, the low-temperature normal-pressure heat carrier is changed into a high-temperature normal-pressure heat carrier and then enters the high-pressure heat exchanger to exchange heat with low-temperature high-pressure compressed air from the compressed air storage tank, the high-temperature normal-pressure heat carrier is changed back to the low-temperature normal-pressure heat carrier and enters the first heat carrier storage tank, and the heated high-.
As an improvement of the invention, a plurality of the normal pressure heat storage packed beds can be used independently, in series, in parallel or in series-parallel. The connection mode of the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed can be freely combined according to the scale and the requirement of heat storage, and the heat storage efficiency and the effective heat utilization efficiency of the heat storage system are improved.
As a modification of the invention, the types, the number, the size, the stacking mode and the filling height of the heat storage materials in the plurality of normal pressure heat storage packed beds are different.
As an improvement of the invention, the heat storage material comprises cobblestones, ceramic balls, metal balls or/and encapsulated phase change materials.
As an improvement of the invention, the high-pressure heat exchanger comprises an outer pipe and a central pipe arranged at the inner axis of the outer pipe, the central pipe is used for conveying heat carriers, and the outer pipe is used for conveying high-pressure compressed air.
As an improvement of the invention, the central tube is provided with fins for increasing the heat exchange area, and the outer part of the outer tube is laid with an insulating layer.
As an improvement of the invention, the heat carrier comprises heat conduction oil with good thermal conductivity, low-temperature fluidity and material compatibility.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines the high-pressure heat exchanger and the normal-pressure heat-storage packed bed, and converts the heat exchange process in the heat-storage packed bed into the normal-pressure heat exchange process by selecting the heat carrier with excellent heat transfer characteristic as a heat exchange medium, and the high-pressure heat exchange process in the heat exchanger can relatively easily meet the high-pressure requirement. Meanwhile, the heat storage efficiency and the effective heat utilization efficiency of the heat storage system can be improved by increasing and decreasing the number of the normal-pressure heat storage packed beds and freely combining the connection modes of the normal-pressure heat storage packed beds according to the heat storage scale and the requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a compressed air thermal storage system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of an atmospheric pressure thermal storage packed bed of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a high pressure heat exchanger of the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 1-a compressor; 2-a buffer tank; 3-drying the filter; 4-turbine; 5-a high pressure heat exchanger; 6-normal pressure heat storage packed bed; 7-a first heat carrier storage tank; 8-a second heat carrier storage tank; 9-compressed air storage tank; 10-pressure gauge; 11-pump one; 12-pump two; 13-a tank body; 14-insulating layer; 15-a heat storage material; 16-an outer tube; 17-a central tube; 18-a fin; V1-V14 are valves; T1-T7 are temperature sensors; p1 and P2 are pressure sensors.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in figure 1, the compressed air heat storage system is used for storing compression heat generated when a compressor compresses air and using the stored compression heat for heating low-temperature high-pressure air entering a turbine to work and mainly comprises a compressor 1, a buffer tank 2, a drying filter 3, a turbine 4, a high-pressure heat exchanger 5, a normal-pressure heat storage packed bed 6, a heat carrier storage tank I7, a heat carrier storage tank II 8, a compressed air storage tank 9, valves V1-V14, a pump I11, a pump II 12, temperature heat exchangers T1-T7, pressure sensors P1 and P2 and a matched control system.
The compressor 1 is connected with a compressed air inlet and a compressed air outlet on the left side of the high-pressure heat exchanger 5 through a buffer tank 2, a valve V2, a drying filter 3, a temperature sensor T1 and a pressure sensor P1. The compressed air inlet and outlet on the right side of the high-pressure heat exchanger 5 is connected with a compressed air storage tank 9 through a pressure sensor P2, a temperature sensor T2 and a valve V3. The turbine 4 is connected between the filter drier 3 and the temperature sensor T1 via a valve V13.
The buffer tank 2 is provided with a pressure gauge 10 and a branch with a valve V1 for smoothing the air flow pulse generated by the compressor 1 and stabilizing the air flow output, the material is carbon steel, and the working pressure is higher than the pressure of high-pressure compressed air. The filter drier 3 is used to filter water and oil contained in the final discharge air of the compressor 1, and the maximum working pressure is higher than the pressure of the high-pressure compressed air. The compressed air storage tank 9 is used for storing compressed air after heat exchange, and the maximum working pressure is larger than the pressure of high-pressure compressed air. The high pressure in the present application means a pressure of 10Mpa or more.
An outlet of the heat carrier storage tank I7 is connected with a heat carrier inlet and outlet on the right side of the high-pressure heat exchanger 5 through a valve V4, a pump I11 and a temperature sensor T3, and the heat carrier inlet and outlet on the side are also connected with an inlet of the heat carrier storage tank I7 through a temperature sensor T3 and a valve V14. The number of the normal pressure heat storage packed beds 6 is two, the heat carrier inlet and outlet at the left side of the high pressure heat exchanger 5 are connected with the upper end of the normal pressure heat storage packed bed 6 at the right side through a valve V5 and a temperature sensor T4, meanwhile, the lower end of the right normal pressure heat storage filling bed 6 is connected with the inlet of the heat carrier storage tank two 10 through a temperature sensor T5, a valve V6 and a valve V10, the lower end of the right normal pressure heat storage filling bed 6 is connected with the inlet of the heat carrier storage tank two 10 through a temperature sensor T6, a valve V7 and a valve V10, the outlet of the heat carrier storage tank two 10 is connected between the temperature sensor T6 and the valve V7 through a valve V11, a pump two 12 and a valve V12, and the device also comprises a branch with a valve V8, one end of the valve is connected between the valve V9 and the temperature sensor T7, and the other end of the valve is connected between the valve V10 and the inlet of the second heat carrier storage tank 10.
As shown in fig. 2, the atmospheric pressure thermal storage packed bed 6 includes a tank 13, an insulating layer 14 laid on the outside of the tank, and a thermal storage material 15 filled inside the tank. The tank body 13 is made of 304 stainless steel or other non-metallic materials, the heat insulating layer 14 can be made of magnesium laurate rock wool, and the heat storage material 15 can be cobblestones, ceramic balls, metal balls, molten salt and the like. Because the heat carrier is a normal pressure medium, pressure is not generated in the heat exchange process, the pressure-bearing requirement on the packed bed during high-pressure compressed air heat storage can be reduced, the diameter, the height, the volume and the like of the tank body required by the normal pressure heat storage packed bed 6 can be designed according to the requirement, and the normal pressure-bearing requirement can be met. The heat dissipation of the tank body to the environment can be reduced as much as possible by the heat insulation layer 14 wrapped outside the tank body 13, and the number and the connection mode of the normal-pressure heat storage packed beds 6 can be freely selected according to the requirements of heat storage amount, heat storage temperature and flow. Axial and radial temperature measuring points can be freely arranged in a mode of connecting a thermocouple according to requirements.
As shown in fig. 3, the high-pressure heat exchanger 5 is used for heat exchange between high-pressure compressed air and a heat carrier, and mainly comprises an outer pipe 16 and a central pipe 17 arranged at the inner axis of the outer pipe, wherein flange structures are adopted at two ends of the outer pipe 16, high-temperature waler sealing elements are used for sealing, and graphite flexible sealing is adopted at two ends of the central pipe 17, so that the sealing performance and high pressure bearing performance of the high-pressure heat exchanger 5 are ensured, the high-pressure bearing requirement of the system can be met, the heat carrier is removed from the central pipe 17, the high-pressure compressed air is removed from the outer pipe 16, the structure is. In order to further increase the heat exchange area and improve the heat exchange efficiency, the structure of the central tube 17 can be changed, for example, fins 18 are added, a spiral air channel is arranged, and the like, the outer tube 16 is wrapped with the heat insulation layer 14, the heat insulation material is magnesium laurate rock wool, and the heat dissipation loss is reduced as much as possible. Meanwhile, the length of the high-pressure heat exchanger 5 can be designed according to the requirement.
The working process of the present invention is explained in detail below:
a heat storage stage: the valves V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6 are opened, and meanwhile, the valves V7, V8, V9 and V10 can be selectively closed or opened according to the specific combination mode of the normal pressure heat storage packed bed. Air is compressed by the compressor 1 to become high-temperature high-pressure compressed air, the high-temperature high-pressure compressed air is buffered by the buffer tank 2, the high-temperature high-pressure compressed air passes through the valve V2 and then passes through the drying filter 3 in a stable airflow to filter water and oil contained in the final-stage exhaust gas of the compressor, and the temperature and the pressure of the inlet air can be measured by the temperature sensor T1 and the pressure sensor P1 before entering the high-pressure heat exchanger 5. The low-temperature normal-pressure heat carrier is pumped out of the heat carrier storage tank I7 by a pump I11, subjected to temperature measurement by a temperature sensor T3 and then enters a high-pressure heat exchanger 5 to exchange heat with high-temperature high-pressure compressed air. After heat exchange, the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air is reduced, and the high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air enters the compressed air storage tank 9 from the valve V3 after temperature measurement and pressure measurement by the temperature sensor T2 and the pressure sensor P2. The heated heat carrier can pass through the normal pressure heat storage packed bed 6 by selecting different paths according to different normal pressure heat storage packed bed combination modes, exchanges heat with a heat storage material in the normal pressure heat storage packed bed, and then enters a heat carrier storage tank II 8.
By closing or opening the valves V5, V6, V7, V8, V9 and V10, the atmospheric thermal storage packed bed 6 can have various combinations including:
1. the valves V5, V6 and V10 (the atmospheric thermal storage packed bed 6 on the right) or the valves V7, V9 and V10 (the atmospheric thermal storage packed bed 6 on the left) were opened for a single atmospheric thermal storage packed bed.
2. Two atmospheric pressure thermal storage packed beds were connected in parallel, and valves V5, V6, V7, V9 and V10 were opened.
3. Two normal pressure heat storage packed beds are connected in series: valves V5, V6, V7 and V8 were opened.
And (3) heat release stage: the valves V3, V11, V12, V13 and V14 are opened, and meanwhile, the valves V5, V6, V7, V8, V9 and V10 can be selectively closed or opened according to the specific combination mode of the normal pressure heat accumulation filling bed. The heat carrier in the heat carrier storage tank II 8 is pumped out through the pump II 12 and passes through the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed 6 through different paths, heat stored in the heat storage stage of the heat storage material is absorbed in the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed 6, the heat enters the high-pressure heat exchanger 5 after being heated to exchange heat with low-temperature high-pressure compressed air from the compressed air storage tank 9, the heat carrier after heat exchange enters the heat carrier storage tank I7 through the valve V14, and the high-pressure compressed air after being heated enters the turbine through the valve V13 to do work.
By closing or opening the valves V5, V6, V7, V8, V9 and V10, the atmospheric thermal storage packed bed 6 can have various combinations including:
1. the valve V9 (left atmospheric pressure thermal storage packed bed 6) was opened for the single atmospheric pressure thermal storage packed bed.
2. Two atmospheric pressure thermal storage packed beds were connected in parallel, and valves V5, V6, V7 and V9 were opened.
3. Two atmospheric thermal storage packed beds were connected in series, and valves V5, V6, V8 and V10 were opened.
According to the compressed air heat storage system, the heat exchange process in the high-pressure heat exchanger 5 is high-pressure heat exchange, the heat exchange process in the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed 6 is normal-pressure heat exchange, and the heat exchanger is relatively easy to meet the requirement of bearing high pressure. Meanwhile, by freely combining different quantities of normal-pressure packed beds and selecting different heat storage paths, the compression heat can be stored and utilized according to the heat storage requirement, the heat utilization efficiency of the heat storage system is improved, and the overall efficiency of the high-pressure energy storage system is further improved.
The above detailed description is specific to possible embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the scope of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A compressed air heat storage system is characterized in that: the system comprises a compressor, a buffer tank, a drying filter, a turbine, a high-pressure heat exchanger, a normal-pressure heat storage packed bed, a heat carrier storage tank I, a heat carrier storage tank II and a compressed air storage tank;
the compressor is connected with a compressed air storage tank through a buffer tank, a drying filter and a high-pressure heat exchanger in sequence, and the compressed air storage tank is also connected with a turbine through the high-pressure heat exchanger; the first heat carrier storage tank is connected with the second heat carrier storage tank through a high-pressure heat exchanger and a normal-pressure heat storage packed bed in sequence; the heat exchange process in the high-pressure heat exchanger is high-pressure heat exchange, and the heat exchange process in the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed is normal-pressure heat exchange; the normal pressure heat storage packed beds are multiple and can be used independently, in series, in parallel or in series-parallel;
a heat storage stage: high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air from the compressor enters a high-pressure heat exchanger to exchange heat with a low-temperature and normal-pressure heat carrier from a heat carrier storage tank I, the high-temperature and high-pressure compressed air is changed into low-temperature and high-pressure compressed air to be stored in a compressed air storage tank, the low-temperature and normal-pressure heat carrier is changed into a high-temperature and normal-pressure heat carrier and then enters a normal-pressure heat storage packed bed, heat is stored in a heat storage material of the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed, and the high;
and (3) heat release stage: and the low-temperature normal-pressure heat carrier from the second heat carrier storage tank enters the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed to absorb heat stored in a heat storage material of the normal-pressure heat storage packed bed, the low-temperature normal-pressure heat carrier is changed into a high-temperature normal-pressure heat carrier and then enters the high-pressure heat exchanger to exchange heat with low-temperature high-pressure compressed air from the compressed air storage tank, the high-temperature normal-pressure heat carrier is changed back to the low-temperature normal-pressure heat carrier and enters the first heat carrier storage tank, and the heated high-.
2. A compressed air thermal storage system according to claim 1, wherein: the types, the number, the size, the stacking mode and the filling height of the heat storage materials in the plurality of normal-pressure heat storage filling beds are different.
3. A compressed air thermal storage system according to claim 2, wherein: the heat storage material comprises cobblestones, ceramic balls, metal balls or/and packaging phase change materials.
4. A compressed air thermal storage system according to claim 1, wherein: the high-pressure heat exchanger comprises an outer pipe and a central pipe arranged on the axis inside the outer pipe, wherein the central pipe is used for conveying heat carriers, and the outer pipe is used for conveying high-pressure compressed air.
5. A compressed air thermal storage system according to claim 4, wherein: the heat exchanger is characterized in that the central tube is provided with fins for increasing the heat exchange area, and a heat insulation layer is laid outside the outer tube.
6. A compressed air thermal storage system according to claim 1, wherein: the heat carrier comprises heat conduction oil with good heat conductivity, low-temperature fluidity and material compatibility.
CN201910139042.6A 2019-02-25 2019-02-25 Compressed air heat storage system Active CN109883221B (en)

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CN110595229A (en) * 2019-09-19 2019-12-20 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 Variable-diameter spiral tube type compressed air energy storage and heat exchange device and system
CN110715572B (en) * 2019-10-17 2021-03-19 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 Design method and design device of compressed air energy storage and heat storage system
CN110806131A (en) * 2019-10-18 2020-02-18 中国科学院广州能源研究所 High-efficient compact high pressure heat accumulation device
CN112666215A (en) * 2021-01-12 2021-04-16 河北科技大学 Fused salt air heat exchange performance testing device
WO2022166031A1 (en) * 2021-02-06 2022-08-11 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 Packed bed-based compressed air energy storage system and method
CN113030165B (en) * 2021-03-09 2022-05-06 西安交通大学 Rectangular experiment section for isothermal wall surface cooling experiment of high-temperature gas

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