CN109059318B

CN109059318B - Spray type packed bed heat storage system and operation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN109059318B
Application number: CN201811023046.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢宁宁; 王亮; 陈海生; 林曦鹏; 林霖; 于东
Original assignee: Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of CAS
Priority date: 2018-09-03
Filing date: 2018-09-03
Publication date: 2023-07-21
Anticipated expiration: 2038-09-03
Also published as: CN109059318A

Abstract

The invention discloses a spray type packed bed heat storage system and an operation method thereof, which are used in the field of medium-high temperature heat energy storage. The system mainly comprises a spray type packed bed heat storage device, a liquid storage tank, a heat exchanger, a heat source supply end, a heat source user end, a condenser, a liquid collection tank and the like. In the heat storage stage, the system stores heat energy provided by a heat source supply end into a solid heat storage medium in a packed bed through a liquid heat transfer medium; in the heat utilization stage, heat energy in the solid material is released and used for generating electricity or heating. The spray packed bed heat storage system and the operation method have the advantages of high heat storage efficiency, high heat energy grade, wide applicable temperature range, low cost, safe operation and the like, are particularly suitable for the fields of medium-high temperature solar thermal power generation and industrial high-temperature waste heat utilization, and can also be used for carrying out energy utilization gradient complementation with a large-scale physical energy storage, such as a compressed air energy storage system, so that the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

Description

Spray type packed bed heat storage system and operation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a heat storage system, in particular to a spray packed bed heat storage system and an operation method thereof, which are used in the field of medium-high temperature heat energy storage. In the heat storage stage, the system stores heat energy provided by a heat source supply end into a solid heat storage medium in a packed bed through a liquid heat transfer medium; in the heat utilization stage, heat energy in the solid material is released and used for generating electricity or heating. The spray packed bed heat storage system and the operation method have the advantages of high heat storage efficiency, high heat energy grade, wide applicable temperature range, low cost, safe operation and the like, are particularly suitable for other medium and high temperature heat storage fields such as medium and high temperature solar thermal power generation, industrial high temperature waste heat utilization and the like, and can also complement the energy utilization steps of a large-scale physical energy storage system, such as a compressed air energy storage system, so that the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

Background

In the face of energy crisis, research work on clean renewable energy sources such as water energy, wind energy, biomass energy, solar energy and the like is actively being carried out all over the world. High-energy-consumption CO in production process of battery plate in solar photovoltaic power generation technology ₂ The emission is large, and the low power generation efficiency is a bottleneck problem restricting the development of the technology. The solar thermal power generation is another solar power generation technology with great development potential except the photovoltaic power generation technology, and is the renewable energy power generation technology with the most economic competitiveness except wind power, the solar collector converts collected solar radiation energy into superheated steam through a heat exchanger, and the electric energy is generated by using the traditional power circulation, so that the solar thermal power generation system has the advantages of mature technology, low power generation cost and easiness in forming a hybrid power generation system with fossil fuel. However, due to a series of problems such as day-night discontinuity of solar energy, instability caused by cloudy rain and the like, the stable output of the electric power of the solar photo-thermal power generation system is greatly influenced. Therefore, it is one of the most effective methods to provide a heat storage device in a solar thermal power generation system.

Solar heat storage can be classified into sensible heat storage, latent heat storage and chemical heat storage according to the difference of heat storage mechanisms. Obviously, the heat storage technology is one of the three technologies which is the most mature, but the heat storage mode which is more economical, controllable and efficient is faced with a plurality of problems, and the factors influencing the heat storage device mainly include the following: 1) The energy storage density of the heat storage material per unit volume or unit mass; 2) Heat exchange capacity between the heat transfer medium and the heat storage medium; 3) Chemical properties of the thermal storage material; 4) The number of charge and discharge cycles and reversibility; 5) Compatibility between the heat transfer fluid and the heat exchanger or thermal storage medium; 6) Heat dissipation losses. And the development direction of the solar heat storage system is low-cost, high-efficiency and long-time heat storage. However, the prior heat storage technology has the defects in various aspects: the molten salt has strong heat storage corrosiveness and is easy to solidify; the heat storage pressure of the superheated steam is high, and the cost of a required liquid storage tank is too high; the heat storage cost of the heat conduction oil is too high.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a spray type packed bed heat storage system and an operation method thereof, which have the advantages of strong heat exchange capability between a heat transfer medium and a heat storage medium, low cost, high efficiency and high safety coefficient, and are very suitable for medium and high temperature heat storage systems such as solar thermal power generation systems, industrial high temperature waste heat utilization and the like. The spray type packed bed heat storage system mainly comprises a spray type packed bed heat storage device, a liquid storage tank, a heat exchanger, a pump, a heat source supply end, a heat source user end, a pressure stabilizing system, a condenser, a liquid collecting tank and the like. The heat storage system is used for storing energy sources such as electric energy, heat energy, thermochemical and the like in a packed bed in the heat storage system in a form of indirect or direct heat exchange when the energy sources are relatively sufficient, and releasing the heat energy to convert the heat energy into electric energy when the energy sources are needed or directly supplying the heat energy to a user. In the heat storage stage, the system stores heat energy provided by a heat source supply end into a solid heat storage medium in a packed bed through a liquid heat transfer medium; in the heat utilization stage, heat energy in the solid material is released and used for generating electricity or heating. The spray packed bed heat storage system has the advantages of high heat storage efficiency, high heat energy grade, wide applicable temperature range, low cost, safe operation and the like, is particularly suitable for the fields of medium and high temperature solar thermal power generation and industrial high temperature waste heat utilization, and can also be used for carrying out energy utilization gradient complementation with a large-scale physical energy storage, such as a compressed air energy storage system, so that the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

The technical solution adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a spray type packed bed heat storage system comprises a spray type packed bed heat storage device, a low temperature liquid storage tank, a high temperature liquid storage tank, a heat exchanger, a heat source supply end, a heat source user end, a condenser and a liquid storage tank, and is characterized in that,

the inlet of the heat source supply end is provided with a first control valve, the outlet is provided with a second control valve,

the outlet of the heat source supply end is communicated with the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger through a main pipeline, a third control valve is arranged on the main pipeline,

the hot side outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the first liquid inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank, the cold side of the heat exchanger is communicated with the heat source user end,

the liquid outlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the heat source supply end,

the outlet of the heat source supply end is also communicated with the liquid inlet at the top of the spray packed bed heat storage device through a bypass pipeline,

the liquid outlet at the bottom of the spray type packed bed heat storage device is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the second liquid inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank through an eighth control valve, the other path is communicated with the inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank through a seventh control valve,

The liquid inlet at the top of the spray type packed bed heat storage device and the liquid outlet at the bottom are both provided with control valves,

the outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger, a sixth control valve is arranged on a communicating pipe between the outlet and the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger,

the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank is also provided with a gas outlet which is communicated with the inlet of the liquid collection tank after passing through a first pressure relief valve and the hot side of the condenser in sequence, the liquid collection tank is provided with a second pressure relief valve, when the pressure in the low-temperature liquid storage tank and/or the liquid collection tank is increased to a set pressure, each pressure relief valve is automatically opened,

a communication pipeline is further arranged between the outlet of the heat source supply end and the outlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and a tenth control valve is arranged on the communication pipeline.

Preferably, the heat source supply end is a device or a system capable of heating liquid heat transfer media such as a solar heat collection device, high-temperature flue gas of a power plant, or high-temperature flue gas of a steel mill.

Preferably, a cryogenic pump is arranged at the liquid outlet of the cryogenic liquid storage tank; and a high-temperature pump is arranged at the outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank.

Preferably, the number of the spray type packed bed heat storage devices is two or more, and the arrangement mode is parallel connection, serial connection or a combination of the two.

Preferably, the spray-type packed bed heat storage device comprises a closed tank body, wherein a spray header and a packed bed are arranged in the closed tank body, the spray header is arranged at the top of the packed bed, a solid heat storage material is arranged on the packed bed, an inlet of the spray header is communicated with a liquid inlet of the spray-type packed bed heat storage device, the spray header is used for atomizing liquid into tiny liquid drops or a plurality of tiny liquid columns and spraying the tiny liquid columns onto the solid heat storage material on the packed bed, so that the liquid and the solid heat storage material exchange heat, heat energy in the liquid is stored in the solid heat storage material or heat stored in the solid heat storage material is released into the liquid, and therefore heat storage or heat release is completed.

Preferably, a plurality of layers of cell channels which are arranged in a positive or staggered way are arranged in the packed bed, and the solid heat storage material is arranged in each cell channel.

Preferably, the top of the closed tank body is also communicated with a pressure stabilizing and filtering component through a communicating pipeline, and a fourth control valve is arranged on the communicating pipeline.

Preferably, a plurality of temperature and pressure detection devices are further arranged in the closed tank body.

Preferably, the spray packed bed heat storage system further comprises a heat regenerator, wherein a liquid outlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the heat source supply end after passing through a cold side of the heat regenerator, and a gas outlet at the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with an inlet of the liquid collection tank after passing through a first pressure release valve, a hot side of the heat regenerator and a hot side of the condenser in sequence.

Further, the invention also provides an operation method of the spray type packed bed heat storage system, which comprises the following steps:

when the system is in a heat storage mode, the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve, the eighth control valve and the first pressure relief valve are opened, the rest control valves are closed, the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is driven into the heat source supply end, after the heat source supply end heats the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium into the high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium, one part of the high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium flows into the heat source user end through the main pipeline to supply heat to the heat source user end, the other part of the high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium flows into the spray packed bed heat storage device through the bypass pipeline and exchanges heat with the solid heat storage medium in the packed bed, the heat is transferred to the solid heat storage medium and then is converted into the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium, the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium flows out into the low-temperature liquid storage tank through the liquid outlet at the bottom of the packed bed, when the liquid temperature at the liquid outlet at the lower end of the packed bed reaches a set value, the heat storage process is considered to be completed, and the two control valves at the upper end and the lower end of the spray packed bed heat storage device are closed.

Further, when the system is in a heat release mode, the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve and the eighth control valve are closed, the sixth control valve, the seventh control valve and the tenth control valve are opened, the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank flows into the spray packed bed heat storage device through a communication pipeline where the tenth control valve is positioned, is subjected to heat exchange with the solid heat storage medium to be converted into a high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium, then flows into the high-temperature liquid storage tank, is further conveyed into a heat exchanger to transfer heat to a heat source user end, and when the temperature of the heat transfer medium at a liquid outlet at the lower end of the packed bed reaches a set value, the heat release process is completed, the control valves at the upper end and the lower end of the spray packed bed heat storage device are closed, and meanwhile, the control valves connected with a heat energy output end are closed.

Further, when the system is not operating, all control valves are in an open state, venting the pressure inside the entire system to atmospheric pressure.

The invention also provides a spray type packed bed heat storage system in another structural form. The spray packed bed heat storage system comprises a heat source supply end, a spray packed bed heat storage device, a heat exchanger, a steam generator, a condenser, a first low-temperature liquid storage tank, a second low-temperature liquid storage tank, a liquid collection tank, a pressure stabilizing and filtering component and a heat source user end, and is characterized in that,

a first control valve is arranged at the inlet of the heat source supply end, a second control valve is arranged at the outlet,

the outlet of the heat source supply end is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the liquid inlet of the first low-temperature liquid storage tank after passing through the hot side of the heat exchanger, the other path is communicated with the liquid inlet of the first low-temperature liquid storage tank after passing through the hot side of the steam generator, a tenth control valve is arranged on a communicating pipe between the hot side outlet of the steam generator and the liquid inlet of the first low-temperature liquid storage tank, the cold side of the steam generator is communicated with the heat source user end,

the liquid outlet of the first low-temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the heat source supply end, the top of the first low-temperature liquid storage tank is also provided with a gas outlet, the gas outlet is communicated with the inlet of the liquid collection tank after passing through a pressure relief valve and the hot side of the condenser in sequence, the liquid collection tank is also provided with a pressure relief valve,

The cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is provided with a third control valve, the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger is provided with a seventh control valve, the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with a liquid inlet at the top of the spray-type packed bed heat storage device, a liquid outlet at the bottom of the spray-type packed bed heat storage device is communicated with a second liquid inlet of the second low-temperature liquid storage tank, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the spray-type packed bed heat storage device are respectively provided with a control valve, the liquid outlet of the second low-temperature liquid storage tank is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger, the other path is communicated with the liquid inlet of the spray-type packed bed heat storage device through a sixth control valve,

the liquid outlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device is also communicated with the inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank, an eighth control valve is arranged at the inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank, the outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the liquid inlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device through a fourth control valve, and the other path is communicated with the hot side inlet of the steam generator through a fifth control valve.

Preferably, the spray packed bed heat storage system further comprises a heat regenerator, wherein the liquid outlet of the first low-temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the heat source supply end after passing through the cold side of the heat regenerator, and the gas outlet at the top of the first low-temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the liquid collection tank after passing through the pressure release valve, the hot side of the heat regenerator and the hot side of the condenser in sequence.

Preferably, the heat source user side is a steam power generation system, the steam power generation system comprises a steam engine, a condenser and a liquid collecting tank, and cold sides of the steam engine, the condenser, the liquid collecting tank and the steam generator are sequentially communicated to form a steam power generation cycle.

Further, a circulating pump is arranged at the outlet of the liquid collecting tank.

Preferably, a first low-temperature pump is arranged at the liquid outlet of the first low-temperature liquid storage tank, a second low-temperature pump is arranged at the liquid outlet of the second low-temperature liquid storage tank, and a high-temperature pump is arranged at the outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank.

Preferably, the top of the spray packed bed heat storage device is also communicated with a pressure stabilizing and filtering component through a communication pipeline with a valve.

Preferably, the spray type packed bed heat storage device comprises a closed tank body, wherein a spray header and a packed bed are arranged in the closed tank body, the spray header is arranged at the top of the packed bed, a solid heat storage material is arranged on the packed bed, and an inlet of the spray header is communicated with a liquid inlet at the top of the spray type packed bed heat storage device.

Further, the invention also provides an operation method of the spray packed bed heat storage system, which is characterized in that in the heat storage stage, the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve, the seventh control valve and the tenth control valve are opened, and the other control valves are closed; the liquid heat transfer medium in the first low-temperature liquid storage tank enters a heat source supply end to heat the liquid heat transfer medium into a high-temperature heat transfer medium, when the heat energy of the heat source supply end is sufficient, one path of the high-temperature heat transfer medium flows into the heat side of the steam generator to release heat to the heat source user end and then returns to the first low-temperature liquid storage tank, and the other path of the high-temperature heat transfer medium enters the heat side of the heat exchanger to release heat and then returns to the first low-temperature liquid storage tank; meanwhile, the liquid heat transfer medium in the second low-temperature liquid storage tank enters the cold side of the heat exchanger to absorb heat and be converted into a high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium, then enters the spray-type packed bed heat storage device, exchanges heat with the solid heat storage medium in the packed bed, transfers heat to the solid heat storage medium and then is converted into a low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium, then returns to the second low-temperature liquid storage tank through a liquid outlet at the bottom of the packed bed, and when the temperature of the liquid heat transfer medium at the liquid outlet reaches a set value, the heat storage process is considered to be completed, and two control valves connected with the upper end and the lower end of the packed bed are closed.

Further, in the heat storage process, when the temperature of the liquid heat transfer medium in the spray packed bed heat storage system is increased, the internal pressure of the system is also increased, when the pressure is higher than a set value, the pressure is discharged through a pressure release valve arranged in the system, and the discharged high-temperature gas sequentially passes through the hot side of the heat regenerator and the cold side of the condenser to release heat and then enters the liquid collection tank.

Further, after the pressure in the liquid collection tank reaches the set pressure, a pressure relief valve at the upper end of the liquid collection tank is automatically opened, and redundant gas in the tank body is discharged to the environment.

In the heat release stage, the spray packed bed heat storage system closes the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve, the seventh control valve and the tenth control valve, opens the sixth control valve, the eighth control valve and the fifth control valve, and the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium in the second liquid storage tank is introduced into the spray packed bed heat storage device to exchange heat with the solid heat storage medium on the packed bed, is converted into the high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium after absorbing heat and raising temperature, flows into the high-temperature liquid storage tank, and enters the hot side of the steam generator under the action of the high-temperature pump to transfer heat to working media in the steam power generation system; and after the temperature of the liquid heat transfer medium at the liquid outlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device reaches a set value, the heat release process is considered to be completed, and then the two control valves at the upper end and the lower end of the spray packed bed heat storage device are closed, and the pipeline connecting valve between the packed bed and the heat energy output end is closed.

Further, when the heat storage system does not work, the valves on the pipelines in the energy storage system are ensured to be in an open state, and the pressure release valve at the upper end of the liquid storage tank is opened to drain the pressure in the whole system to the atmospheric pressure.

The invention also provides a spray type packed bed heat storage system in a third structural form. The spray packed bed heat storage system comprises an industrial high temperature furnace, a chimney, a spray packed bed heat storage device, a heat exchanger, a steam generator, a condenser, a low temperature liquid storage tank, a high temperature liquid storage tank, a liquid collection tank, a pressure stabilizing and filtering component and a heat source user end,

the waste heat flue gas outlet of the industrial high-temperature furnace is led into the chimney after passing through the hot side of the heat exchanger,

a third control valve is arranged at the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger, a seventh control valve is arranged at the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger,

the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the first liquid inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank after passing through the hot side of the steam generator, the cold side of the steam generator is communicated with the heat source user side,

a fifth control valve is arranged at the hot side inlet of the steam generator, a ninth control valve is arranged at the hot side outlet of the steam generator, a fourth control valve is arranged on a communicating pipeline between the third control valve and the fifth control valve,

The liquid outlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger, the other path is communicated with the liquid inlet of the spray type packed bed heat storage device through a sixth control valve, an eleventh control valve is arranged at the liquid inlet of the spray type packed bed heat storage device,

the top of the spray packed bed heat storage device is also communicated with the pressure stabilizing and filtering component through a communication pipeline with a valve; the liquid outlet at the bottom of the spray type packed bed heat storage device is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with a second liquid inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank through a twelfth control valve, the other path is communicated with an inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank through an eighth control valve, an outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with a hot side inlet of the steam generator, a gas outlet is further formed in the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and the gas outlet is communicated with an inlet of the liquid collection tank after passing through a pressure relief valve and the hot side of the condenser in sequence, and the pressure relief valve is also arranged on the liquid collection tank.

Preferably, the spray packed bed heat storage system further comprises a heat regenerator, the other path of the liquid outlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with the liquid inlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device through a sixth control valve and the cold side of the heat regenerator, and the gas outlet at the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the liquid collection tank after passing through the pressure release valve, the hot side of the heat regenerator and the hot side of the condenser in sequence.

Preferably, a smoke exhaust pipeline of the industrial high-temperature furnace is provided with a suction pump.

Preferably, the heat source user side is a steam power generation system, the steam power generation system comprises a steam engine, a condenser and a liquid collecting tank, the cold sides of the steam engine, the condenser, the liquid collecting tank and the steam generator are sequentially communicated to form a steam power generation cycle, and the steam engine drives the generator to work.

Preferably, a low-temperature pump is arranged at the liquid outlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and a high-temperature pump is arranged at the outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank.

The invention also provides an operation method of the spray type packed bed heat storage system in the third structural form, when the spray type packed bed heat storage system is in a heat storage stage, the seventh control valve, the third control valve, the eleventh control valve, the twelfth control valve, the fourth control valve, the fifth control valve and the ninth control valve are opened, and the liquid heat transfer medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is heated to be a high-temperature heat transfer medium after passing through the cold side of the heat exchanger and then is divided into two paths, wherein one path directly enters the steam generator to supply heat to the heat source user side; the other path enters the spray type packed bed heat storage device, exchanges heat with the solid heat storage medium in the packed bed, transfers heat to the solid heat storage medium, flows out to the low-temperature liquid storage tank through a liquid outlet at the bottom of the packed bed, and closes two valves connected with the upper end and the lower end of the packed bed when the temperature of heat transfer fluid at the outlet at the lower end of the packed bed reaches a set value.

Further, in the heat storage process, when the temperature of the liquid heat transfer fluid in the heat storage system is increased, the pressure in the system is increased along with the increase, and when the pressure is higher than a set value, the pressure is discharged through a pressure release pipeline on the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and the discharged high-temperature gas flows into the liquid collection tank for collection after entering the condenser for cooling through the heat regenerator.

Further, after the pressure in the liquid collecting tank reaches the set pressure, a pressure relief valve on the liquid collecting tank is automatically opened to discharge redundant gas in the tank body to the environment.

Preferably, in the heat release stage of the spray packed bed heat storage system, the third control valve, the seventh control valve, the fourth control valve and the twelfth control valve are closed, the sixth control valve, the eighth control valve, the fifth control valve and the ninth control valve are opened, and meanwhile the opening degree of the gas regulating valve on the main pipeline of the pressure stabilizing system is ensured to be at the set pressure. The low-temperature liquid heat transfer fluid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank flows into the spray packed bed heat storage device after passing through the heat regenerator, exchanges heat with the solid heat storage medium in the heat storage device, absorbs heat and heats up, then is converted into a high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium, flows into the high-temperature liquid storage tank, and enters the steam generator under the action of the high-temperature pump to transfer heat to the heat source user side.

Further, when the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the lower end of the spray-type packed bed heat storage device reaches a set value, the heat release process is considered to be completed, valves at the upper end and the lower end of the packed bed are closed, and meanwhile, the pipeline connecting valve between the packed bed and the heat energy output end is closed.

The invention relates to a spray type packed bed heat storage system and an operation method thereof, which are heat storage systems for storing energy sources such as electric energy, heat energy, thermochemical and the like in a packed bed in the heat storage system in a form of indirect or direct heat exchange when the energy sources are relatively sufficient, and releasing the heat energy to convert the heat energy into electric energy or directly giving the heat energy to a user when the heat energy is needed. The working principle is as follows:

when the heat energy of the heat source supply end is sufficient, liquid fluid is adopted as a heat transfer medium, the liquid heat transfer medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank passes through the heat source supply end, the heat transfer fluid is heated to a set temperature, one path of the heat transfer fluid is supplied to the heat source user end, the other path of the heat transfer fluid enters the spray packed bed heat storage device to exchange heat with the solid heat storage medium, the energy carried by the heat transfer fluid is transferred to the heat storage medium and stored, and the heat transfer fluid with reduced temperature flows out from the bottom of the packed bed and flows into the low-temperature liquid storage tank.

When heat is needed, the low-temperature heat transfer fluid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is supplied to the spray type packed bed heat storage device, exchanges heat with the high-temperature solid heat storage medium in the packed bed, brings heat energy out and flows into the high-temperature liquid storage tank, and is output to a heat source user side through the high-temperature pump.

In the heat storage and heat release processes, when the pressure is higher than the set pressure to be discharged through a pressure relief device arranged in the system, the discharged high-temperature gas can pass through or not pass through a heat regenerator, enter a condenser to be cooled, and then flow into an oil collecting tank to be collected.

In the spray type packed bed heat storage system, a heat storage device is a pressure-bearing heat-preserving packed bed; the packed bed is of internal heat preservation type and/or external heat preservation type; the packed bed tank may be non-removable welded and/or removable flanged. The connection mode of the spray header and the top of the packed bed is detachable and/or fixed.

The pressure release loop in the spray type packed bed heat storage system is used for buffering pressure rise caused by volume expansion of pressure-stabilizing gas due to expansion of heat and contraction of cold in the heat storage system.

In the spray packed bed heat storage system, the liquid collection tank comprises at least one temperature detection device, at least one pressure detection device, at least one safety valve, at least one oil filling port and at least one drain outlet.

In the spray packed bed heat storage system, the heat regenerator is of a plate type structure or a plate-fin type structure or a shell-and-tube type structure or a combination of one or two or more than two of spiral structures; one side of the heat regenerator is a mixture of high-pressure gas and liquid heat transfer medium, and the other side of the heat regenerator is a high-pressure low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium which flows back after the heat storage process and/or the heat release process is finished; the heat exchange mode can be forward flow and/or backward flow or a mixed flow comprising the forward flow and/or the backward flow.

In the spray packed bed heat storage system, the condenser is of a plate type structure or a plate-fin type structure or a shell-and-tube type structure or a combination of two or more than two of spiral structures; one side of the heat regenerator is a mixture of high-pressure gas and liquid heat transfer medium, and the other side of the heat regenerator is low-temperature fluid or gas; the heat exchange mode can be forward flow and/or backward flow or a mixed flow comprising the forward flow and/or the backward flow.

In the spray packed bed heat storage system, the heat exchanger/steam generator is one or a combination of two or more of a plate type structure and/or a plate-fin type structure and/or a shell-and-tube type structure and/or a spiral structure; the heat exchanger may exchange heat in a concurrent flow and/or a counter flow and/or a mixed flow comprising both.

Preferably, the heat source supply device can be a device or a system for heating a liquid heat transfer medium such as a solar heat collection device, high-temperature flue gas of a power plant, high-temperature flue gas of a steel plant or the like.

In the spray type packed bed heat storage system, under the internal heat preservation condition, the pressure vessel inner shell is made of metal materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, titanium and the like or non-metal materials such as ceramics and the like, the pressure vessel outer shell is made of metal materials such as stainless steel, carbon steel and aluminum alloy or inorganic non-metal materials such as one or a combination of at least two of ceramics and high-temperature concrete, and heat preservation materials are filled between the inner shell and the outer shell; the packed bed heat storage device, the liquid storage tank and the liquid collection tank are made of metal materials such as stainless steel, carbon steel and aluminum alloy or inorganic nonmetallic materials such as one or a combination of at least two of ceramics and high-temperature concrete under the external heat preservation condition.

In the spray packed bed heat storage system, the shell of the heat regenerator, the condenser and the liquid collecting tank in the system is made of high-pressure resistant, high-temperature resistant and corrosion resistant metal materials, such as stainless steel, carbon steel and aluminum alloy, or inorganic nonmetallic materials, such as one or a combination of at least two of ceramics and high-temperature concrete.

In the spray packed bed heat storage system, the pressure stabilizing gas in the heat storage system is one or a mixture of at least two of air, nitrogen, helium, argon and the like. The liquid heat transfer medium is one or a mixture of at least two of heat transfer oil, water, methanol, ethanol, liquid metal and the like; the solid heat storage medium is granular or porous, and is one or a mixture of at least two of rock, ore, slag, concrete, refractory bricks, ceramic balls, metal, encapsulated phase change materials and the like.

In the spray type packed bed heat storage system, a spray type packed bed heat storage device, a liquid storage tank and a liquid collection tank are all cylindrical or spherical, and are high-temperature-resistant, high-pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant sealed pressure containers.

Compared with the prior art, the spray packed bed heat storage system and the operation method are used for the field of medium-high temperature heat energy storage. In the heat storage stage, the system stores heat energy provided by a heat source supply end into a solid heat storage medium in a packed bed through a liquid heat transfer medium; in the heat utilization stage, heat energy in the solid material is released and used for generating electricity or heating. The spray packed bed heat storage system and the operation method have the advantages of high heat storage efficiency, high heat energy grade, wide applicable temperature range, low cost, safe operation and the like, are particularly suitable for the fields of medium-high temperature solar thermal power generation and industrial high-temperature waste heat utilization, and can also be used for carrying out energy utilization gradient complementation with a large-scale physical energy storage, such as a compressed air energy storage system, so that the energy utilization efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail below by referring to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Example 1:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 1 of a spray packed bed heat storage system according to the present invention, wherein a heat transfer fluid of a solar collector is in direct contact with a spray packed bed heat storage device. As shown in fig. 1, the spray packed bed heat storage system of the invention mainly comprises a solar heat collector 101, two parallel internal heat preservation type spray packed bed heat storage devices 105, a heat exchanger 107, a heat regenerator 110, a condenser 111, a low-temperature liquid storage tank 103, a high-temperature liquid storage tank 104, a high-temperature pump 106, a low-temperature pump 102, a liquid collection tank 112, a pressure stabilizing system and a filter 109, and a resident heating network 108.

The outlet of the solar heat collector 101 is communicated with the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger 107 through a main pipeline, the hot side outlet of the heat exchanger 107 is communicated with the first liquid inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 103, and the cold side of the heat exchanger 107 is communicated with the residential heating network 108. The liquid outlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 103 is sequentially communicated with the inlet of the solar heat collector 101 after passing through the cold side of the low-temperature pump 102 and the cold side of the heat regenerator 110, the outlet of the solar heat collector 101 is further communicated with the liquid inlet at the top of each spray packed bed heat storage device 105 through a bypass pipeline, the liquid outlet at the bottom of each spray packed bed heat storage device 105 is communicated with the second liquid inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 103 through a converging pipeline, the second liquid inlet is provided with a control valve 8, the converging pipeline is further communicated with the inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank 104, the inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank 104 is provided with a control valve 7, the outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank 104 is communicated with the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger 107 through the high-temperature pump 106, and the outlet of the high-temperature pump 106 is provided with a control valve 6. The top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 103 is also provided with a gas outlet, the gas outlet is provided with a control valve 9, and the gas outlet is communicated with the inlet of the liquid collection tank 112 after passing through the hot side of the heat regenerator 110 and the hot side of the condenser 111 in sequence. A communication pipeline is further arranged between the outlet of the solar heat collector 101 and the outlet of the cryopump 102, a control valve 10 is arranged on the communication pipeline, and control valves 1 and 2 are arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the solar heat collector 101.

In the above system, the spray-type packed bed heat storage device 105 comprises a closed tank body, wherein a spray header and a packed bed are arranged in the closed tank body, the spray header is arranged at the top of the closed tank body, the packed bed is arranged below the spray header, a plurality of layers of cell channels are arranged in the packed bed, and the solid heat storage material is arranged in each cell channel. The inlet of the spray header is communicated with the liquid inlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device 105, and the spray header is used for atomizing the liquid inlet into tiny liquid drops or a plurality of tiny liquid columns, spraying the tiny liquid columns onto the solid heat storage material on the packed bed, so that the liquid inlet and the solid heat storage material exchange heat, and heat energy in the liquid inlet is stored in the solid heat storage material or heat stored in the solid heat storage material is released into the liquid inlet, thereby completing heat storage or heat release.

The main working principle of the spray packed bed heat storage device 105 is: the liquid heat transfer medium in the system is atomized into tiny liquid drops or a plurality of tiny liquid columns through the spray header arranged at the top of the packed bed, and then the tiny liquid drops or the tiny liquid columns are subjected to heat exchange with the solid heat storage material in the cell channels in the packed bed, so that the heat energy in the liquid heat transfer medium is stored or the heat energy stored by the solid heat storage material is released, and the main functions of heat storage and/or heat release of the spray packed bed heat storage system are completed. In advance, the solid heat storage material is filled into the spray packed bed with the cell channels, and is sealed. And closing a system discharge valve, and degassing the spray type packed bed heat storage system by using a pressure stabilizing device to exhaust the air in the system. And then injecting the liquid heat transfer medium into the heat storage system through an oil injection port of the liquid storage tank, and closing the exhaust valve after the injection amount is a set value. And adjusting a gas flow adjusting valve in the pressure stabilizing system to pressurize the heat storage system to a set working pressure. After the system pressure reaches the set pressure, the valves of the system connected with the atmosphere are ensured to be in a closed state, and the valves on the internal pipelines of all other systems are in an open state.

The spray type packed bed heat storage system comprises two working modes of heat storage and heat release.

In the heat storage stage, valves 1, 2, 3, 8 and 9 are opened, liquid fluid is adopted as a heat transfer medium, the liquid heat transfer medium in a low-temperature liquid storage tank 103 is pumped into a solar heat collector 101 through a low-temperature pump 102, the heat transfer fluid is heated to a set temperature, when the heat energy at a heat source supply end is sufficient, namely when the condition that the high-temperature heat transfer fluid directly flows into a heat exchanger 107 to supply heat to a resident heating pipe network is met, the heat transfer fluid enters a spray packed bed heat storage device 105 from a bypass pipeline, the heated liquid heat transfer medium is atomized or shunted to a plurality of water columns through the spray device at the upper part of the packed bed, heat exchange is carried out between the liquid heat transfer medium and the solid heat storage medium in the packed bed, the high-grade heat energy of the liquid heat transfer medium is converted into the heat energy of the solid heat storage medium to be stored, the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium after the heat transfer is transmitted to the heat storage medium flows out through a liquid outlet at the bottom of the packed bed 105, when the heat storage fluid temperature at the lower end of the outlet of the packed bed reaches the set value, the heat storage process is considered to be completed, and two valves connected with the upper end and lower end of the packed bed are closed. In this process, the pressure of the system increases gradually, because the liquid heat transfer medium and the pressure-stabilizing gas in the system expand in volume due to the increase in temperature. When the pressure rises to the set pressure, a pressure release valve on a pipeline between the liquid storage tank 103 and the liquid collection tank 112 is automatically opened, high-temperature high-pressure gas is stored in the liquid collection tank 112 through the heat regenerator 110 and the condenser 111, and when the pressure in the liquid collection tank 112 reaches the set pressure, the pressure release valve at the upper end of the liquid collection tank 112 is automatically opened, so that redundant gas in the tank body is discharged to the environment.

During the heat release process, the valves 1,2,3 and 8 are closed, the valve 10,7,6 is opened, and the opening degree of the gas regulating valve on the main pipeline of the pressure stabilizing system is ensured to be at the set pressure. The low-temperature liquid heat transfer fluid in the liquid storage tank 103 flows into the packed bed 105 through the low-temperature pump 102, is uniformly distributed on the solid heat storage medium in the packed bed through the inlet at the upper end of the packed bed and through the spray header, flows into each cell channel to exchange heat with the heat storage medium, at the moment, the temperature of the solid heat storage medium is reduced, the temperature of the liquid heat transfer fluid is increased, the high-grade heat energy of the solid heat storage material is converted into the high-grade heat energy of the liquid heat transfer fluid, the heat transfer fluid brings out the high-temperature heat energy stored in the heat storage medium and flows into the high-temperature liquid storage tank 104, and enters the heat exchanger 107 to transfer the heat into a resident heating pipe network under the action of the high-temperature pump 106. When the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the lower end of the packed bed 105 reaches the set value, the heat release process is considered to be completed, two valves connected with the upper end and the lower end of the packed bed are closed, and the pipeline connecting valves of the packed bed and the heat energy output end are closed at the same time. In the process of releasing heat, when the temperature of the liquid heat transfer fluid in the heat storage system is increased, the pressure in the system is increased, when the pressure is higher than the set pressure to be discharged through a pressure release device arranged in the system, the discharged high-temperature gas passes through a heat regenerator 110, enters a condenser 111 for cooling, and flows into a liquid collecting tank for collection 112.

When the heat storage system does not work, the valves on the pipelines in the energy storage system are ensured to be in an open state, and the pressure release valve at the upper end of the liquid storage tank is opened to drain the pressure in the whole system to the atmospheric pressure.

Example 2:

as shown in fig. 2, an embodiment 2 of the spray packed bed heat storage system of the present invention mainly comprises a solar heat collector 201, a spray packed bed heat storage device 207, a heat exchanger 206, a steam generator 208, a regenerator 216, a condenser 217, a first low temperature liquid storage tank 203, a second low temperature liquid storage tank 204, a high temperature liquid storage tank 215, a high temperature pump 214, low temperature pumps 202, 205, a liquid collection tank 218, a pressure stabilizing and filtering component 219, and a steam power generation system. Wherein the solar heat collection system and the spray packed bed heat storage device exchange heat indirectly, and heat is transferred through the heat exchanger 206 in the middle. The structure and the operation principle of the spray packed bed heat storage device 207 are the same as those of the spray packed bed heat storage device of embodiment 1.

The inlet of the solar heat collector 201 is provided with a first control valve 21, and the outlet is provided with a second control valve 22; the outlet of the solar heat collector 201 is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the liquid inlet of the first low-temperature liquid storage tank 203 after passing through the hot side of the heat exchanger 206, the other path is communicated with the liquid inlet of the first low-temperature liquid storage tank 203 after passing through the hot side of the steam generator 208, and a tenth control valve 30 is arranged on the hot side outlet pipeline of the steam generator 208; the cold side of the steam generator 208 is communicated with a steam power generation system, the steam power generation system comprises a steam engine 209, a condenser 211 and a liquid collecting tank 212, and the cold sides of the steam engine 209, the condenser 211, the liquid collecting tank 212 and the steam generator 208 are communicated in sequence to form a steam power generation cycle; a circulating pump 213 is arranged at the outlet of the liquid collecting tank 212; the liquid outlet of the first cryogenic liquid storage tank 203 is communicated with the inlet of the solar heat collector 201 after passing through the cold side of the heat regenerator 216, and a first cryogenic pump 202 is arranged at the liquid outlet of the first cryogenic liquid storage tank 203. The top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 203 is also provided with a gas outlet, the gas outlet is communicated with the inlet of the liquid collection tank 218 after passing through a pressure relief valve, the hot side of the heat regenerator 216 and the hot side of the condenser 217 in sequence, and the liquid collection tank 218 is also provided with a pressure relief valve; the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 206 is provided with a third control valve 23, the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger 206 is provided with a seventh control valve 27, the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 206 is communicated with a liquid inlet at the top of the spray packed bed heat storage device 207, a liquid outlet at the bottom of the spray packed bed heat storage device 207 is communicated with a second liquid inlet of the second low-temperature liquid storage tank 204, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device 207 are both provided with control valves, the liquid outlet of the second low-temperature liquid storage tank 204 is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger 206, the other path is communicated with the liquid inlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device 207 through a sixth control valve 26, the liquid outlet of the second low-temperature liquid storage tank 204 is provided with a second low-temperature pump 205, and the top of the spray packed bed heat storage device 207 is also communicated with a pressure stabilizing and filtering component 219 through a communication pipeline with the valve 11; the liquid outlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device 207 is also communicated with the inlet of the high temperature liquid storage tank 215, the inlet of the high temperature liquid storage tank 215 is provided with an eighth control valve 28, the outlet of the high temperature liquid storage tank 215 is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the liquid inlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device 207 through a fourth control valve 24, the other path is communicated with the hot side inlet of the steam generator 208 through a fifth control valve 25, and the outlet of the high temperature liquid storage tank 215 is provided with a high temperature pump 214.

In the heat storage stage of the spray packed bed heat storage system, a first control valve 21, a second control valve 22, a third control valve 23, a seventh control valve 27, an eighth control valve 28 and a tenth control valve 30 are opened, liquid fluid is adopted as a heat transfer medium, the liquid heat transfer medium in a first low-temperature liquid storage tank 203 is pumped into a solar heat collector 201 through a first low-temperature pump 202, the heat transfer fluid is heated to a set temperature, when the heat energy of a heat source supply end is sufficient, namely, when the system requirement of high-temperature heat transfer fluid for steam power generation by directly flowing into a steam generator 208 is met, one path enters a heat exchanger 206 to exchange heat with a spray packed bed heat storage device, at this time, after the liquid heat transfer medium in the first cryogenic liquid storage tank 203 is pumped into the heat exchanger 206 by the first cryogenic pump 202 to be heated to a set temperature, the liquid heat transfer medium is atomized or split into a plurality of water columns by the spray header at the upper part of the packed bed, and is subjected to heat exchange with the solid heat storage medium in the packed bed, the high-grade heat energy of the liquid heat transfer medium is converted into the heat energy of the solid heat storage medium to be stored, the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium with heat transferred to the heat storage medium flows out to the second cryogenic liquid storage tank 104 through the liquid outlet at the bottom of the packed bed, when the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet at the lower end of the packed bed reaches the set value, the heat storage process is considered to be completed, and two control valves connected with the upper end and the lower end of the packed bed are closed.

In the heat storage process, when the temperature of the liquid heat transfer fluid in the heat storage system is increased, the pressure in the system is increased along with the increase, when the pressure is higher than the set pressure to be discharged through a pressure relief valve arranged in the system, the discharged high-temperature gas passes through the heat regenerator 216, enters the condenser 2171 to be cooled and flows into the liquid collection tank 218 to be collected, and when the pressure in the liquid collection tank reaches the set pressure, the pressure relief valve at the upper end of the liquid collection tank is automatically opened to discharge redundant gas in the tank body into the environment.

In the heat release stage of the spray packed bed heat storage system, the first control valve 21, the second control valve 22, the third control valve 23, the seventh control valve 27 and the tenth control valve 30 are closed, the sixth control valve 26, the eighth control valve 28 and the fifth control valve 25 are opened, and meanwhile, the opening degree of a gas regulating valve on a main pipeline of the pressure stabilizing system is ensured to be at a set pressure. The low-temperature liquid heat transfer fluid in the second liquid storage tank 204 flows into the spray packed bed heat storage device 207 through the second low-temperature pump 205, and exchanges heat with the heat storage medium on the packed bed, at the moment, the temperature of the solid heat storage medium is reduced, the temperature of the liquid heat transfer fluid is increased, the high-grade heat energy of the solid heat storage material is converted into the high-grade heat energy of the liquid heat transfer fluid, the heat transfer fluid brings out the high-temperature heat energy stored in the heat storage medium into the high-temperature liquid storage tank 215, and the heat is transferred into the working medium in the steam power generation system through the high-temperature pump 214 and drives the steam engine 209 to generate power. When the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the lower end of the spray packed bed heat storage device 207 reaches a set value, the heat release process is considered to be completed, two control valves at the upper end and the lower end of the spray packed bed heat storage device are closed, and a pipeline connecting valve between the packed bed and the heat energy output end is closed at the same time.

Example 3:

as shown in fig. 3, an embodiment 3 of the spray packed bed heat storage system of the present invention mainly comprises an industrial high temperature furnace 301, a chimney 302, an air pump 303, a spray packed bed heat storage device 307, a heat exchanger 306, a steam generator 308, a regenerator 316, a condenser 317, a low temperature liquid storage tank 304, a high temperature liquid storage tank 315, a high temperature pump 314, a low temperature pump 305, a liquid collection tank 318, a pressure stabilizing and filtering component 319, and a steam power generation system 308. Wherein the industrial high-temperature furnace waste heat flue gas system and the spray type packed bed heat storage device are in indirect heat exchange, and heat transfer is carried out in the middle through a heat exchanger 306. The structure and the operation principle of the spray packed bed heat storage device 307 are the same as those of the spray packed bed heat storage devices of embodiments 1 and 2.

The waste heat flue gas outlet of the industrial high-temperature furnace 301 is led into a chimney 302 after passing through the hot side of a heat exchanger 306, and a flue gas exhaust pipeline of the industrial high-temperature furnace 301 is provided with a suction pump 303. The cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 306 is provided with a third control valve 33, the cold side inlet is provided with a seventh control valve 37, the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 306 is communicated with the first liquid inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 304 after passing through the hot side of the steam generator 308, the cold side of the steam generator 308 is communicated with a steam power generation system, the steam power generation system comprises a steam engine 309, a condenser 311 and a liquid collection tank 312, and the cold sides of the steam engine 309, the condenser 311, the liquid collection tank 312 and the steam generator 308 are sequentially communicated to form a steam power generation cycle, and the steam engine 309 drives a generator to work and transmits electric power to the power grid 310. A circulation pump 313 is provided at the outlet of the liquid collecting tank 312.

The hot side inlet of the steam generator 308 is provided with a fifth control valve 35, the hot side outlet is provided with a ninth control valve 39, a communication pipeline between the third control valve 33 and the fifth control valve 35 is provided with a fourth control valve 34, the liquid outlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 304 is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the cold side inlet of the heat exchanger 306, the other path is communicated with the liquid inlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device 307 through a sixth control valve 36 and the cold side of the heat regenerator 316, and the liquid outlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 304 is provided with a low-temperature pump 305. The top of the spray packed bed heat storage device 307 is also in communication with a pressure stabilizing and filtering component 319 through a communication line with a valve 40; the liquid outlet at the bottom of the spray packed bed heat storage device 307 is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the second liquid inlet of the low temperature liquid storage tank 304 through a twelfth control valve 42, the other path is communicated with the inlet of the high temperature liquid storage tank 315 through an eighth control valve 38, the outlet of the high temperature liquid storage tank 315 is communicated with the hot side inlet of the steam generator 308, and a high temperature pump 314 is arranged at the outlet of the high temperature liquid storage tank 315. The top of the cryogenic liquid storage tank 304 is also provided with a gas outlet, which is communicated with the inlet of the liquid collection tank 318 after passing through a pressure relief valve, the hot side of the regenerator 316 and the hot side of the condenser 317 in sequence, and the liquid collection tank 318 is also provided with a pressure relief valve.

In the spray packed bed heat storage system of the embodiment, during the heat storage stage, valves 37, 33, 41, 34, 35 and 39 are opened, liquid fluid is adopted as a heat transfer medium, the liquid heat transfer medium in a low-temperature liquid storage tank 304 is pumped into a heat exchanger 306 through a low-temperature pump 305 to be heated to a set temperature, and then the liquid heat transfer medium is divided into two paths, one path directly enters a steam generator 308, and a working medium in a heating steam power generation system drives a steam engine 309 to generate power; the other path of the liquid heat transfer medium is atomized or split into a plurality of water columns through a spray header at the upper part of the spray type packed bed heat storage device 307, and is subjected to heat exchange with the solid heat storage medium in the packed bed, the high-grade heat energy of the liquid heat transfer medium is converted into the heat energy of the solid heat storage medium to be stored, the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium after the heat energy is transferred to the heat storage medium flows out to the low-temperature liquid storage tank 304 through a liquid outlet at the bottom of the packed bed, when the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet at the lower end of the packed bed reaches a set value, the heat storage process is considered to be completed, and two valves connected with the upper end and the lower end of the packed bed are closed. In the heat storage process, when the temperature of the liquid heat transfer fluid in the heat storage system is increased, the internal pressure of the system is increased, when the pressure is higher than a set value, the pressure is discharged through a pressure release pipeline on the low-temperature liquid storage tank 304, and the discharged high-temperature gas enters the condenser 317 to be cooled and flows into the liquid collection tank 318 for collection through the heat regenerator 316. When the pressure in the liquid collecting tank 318 reaches the set pressure, a pressure release valve at the upper end of the liquid collecting tank 318 is automatically opened, and redundant gas in the tank body is discharged to the environment.

During the heat release phase, valves 33, 37, 34, 42 are closed and valves 36, 38, 35, 39 are opened while ensuring that the opening of the gas regulating valve on the main line of the pressure stabilizing system is at a set pressure. The low-temperature liquid heat transfer fluid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 304 flows into the spray-type packed bed heat storage device 307 after passing through the regenerator 316 by the low-temperature pump 305, is uniformly distributed on the solid heat storage medium in the packed bed after passing through the spray header, exchanges heat with the solid heat storage medium, at the moment, the temperature of the solid heat storage medium is reduced, the temperature of the liquid heat transfer fluid is increased, the high-grade heat energy of the solid heat storage material is converted into the high-grade heat energy of the liquid heat transfer fluid, the heat transfer fluid brings out the high-temperature heat energy stored in the heat storage medium and flows into the high-temperature liquid storage tank 315, and enters the steam generator 308 under the action of the high-temperature pump 314 to transfer the heat to the working medium in the steam power generation system and drive the steam engine 309 to generate power. When the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet of the lower end of the packed bed 307 reaches the set value, the heat release process is considered to be completed, the two valves connected with the upper and lower ends of the packed bed are closed, and the pipeline connecting valves of the packed bed and the heat energy output end are closed at the same time.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather to enable any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or the like to be made within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims

1. A spray type packed bed heat storage system comprises a spray type packed bed heat storage device, a low temperature liquid storage tank, a high temperature liquid storage tank, a heat exchanger, a heat source supply end, a heat source user end, a condenser and a liquid storage tank, and is characterized in that,

a communication pipeline is further arranged between the outlet of the heat source supply end and the outlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and a tenth control valve is arranged on the communication pipeline;

The heat source supply end is a device or a system which can heat liquid heat transfer media such as a solar heat collection device, high-temperature flue gas of a power plant, or high-temperature flue gas of a steel mill;

the number of the spray type packed bed heat storage devices is two or more, and the arrangement modes are parallel connection, serial connection or combination of the two.

2. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 1, wherein a cryogenic pump is provided at a liquid outlet of the cryogenic liquid storage tank; and a high-temperature pump is arranged at the outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank.

3. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spray packed bed heat storage device comprises a closed tank body, a spray header and a packed bed are arranged in the closed tank body, the spray header is arranged at the top of the packed bed, a solid heat storage material is arranged on the packed bed, an inlet of the spray header is communicated with a liquid inlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device, the spray header is used for atomizing liquid into fine liquid drops or a plurality of fine liquid columns and spraying the liquid drops onto the solid heat storage material on the packed bed, so that the liquid and the solid heat storage material exchange heat, heat energy in the liquid is stored in the solid heat storage material or heat stored in the solid heat storage material is released into the liquid, and heat storage or heat release is completed.

4. A spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of layers of cell channels are provided in the packed bed, the layers being arranged in a positive or staggered arrangement, the solid state heat storage material being arranged in each of the cell channels.

5. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 3, wherein the top of the closed tank is further connected to a pressure stabilizing and filtering member via a connecting line, and a fourth control valve is provided in the connecting line.

6. A spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of temperature and pressure detection devices are also provided in the closed tank.

7. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 1, further comprising a regenerator, wherein the liquid outlet of the low temperature liquid storage tank is connected to the inlet of the heat source supply via the cold side of the regenerator, and the gas outlet at the top of the low temperature liquid storage tank is connected to the inlet of the liquid collection tank via a first pressure relief valve, the hot side of the regenerator, and the hot side of the condenser in this order.

8. A method of operating a spray packed bed heat storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the spray packed bed heat storage system comprises two modes of operation, heat storage and heat release.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein when the system is in the heat storage mode, the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve, the eighth control valve and the first pressure release valve are opened, the rest of the control valves are closed, the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is driven into the heat source supply end, after the heat source supply end heats the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium into the high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium, a part of the high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium flows into the heat exchanger through the main pipeline to supply heat to the heat source user end, the other part of the high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium flows into the spray packed bed heat storage device through the bypass pipeline and exchanges heat with the solid heat storage medium in the packed bed, the heat is transferred to the solid heat storage medium and then is converted into the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium, the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium flows out into the low-temperature liquid storage tank through the liquid outlet at the bottom of the packed bed, when the liquid temperature at the liquid outlet at the lower end of the packed bed reaches a set value, the two control valves at the upper end and lower end of the spray packed bed heat storage device are closed.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein when the system is in the heat release mode, the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve and the eighth control valve are closed, the sixth control valve, the seventh control valve and the tenth control valve are opened, the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank flows into the spray packed bed heat storage device through a communication pipeline where the tenth control valve is located, is converted into high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium through heat exchange with the solid heat storage medium therein, flows into the high-temperature liquid storage tank, is further conveyed into the heat exchanger, transmits heat to a heat source user side, and when the temperature of the heat transfer medium at a drain port at the lower end of the packed bed reaches a set value, the heat release process is considered to be completed, the control valves at the upper end and the lower end of the spray packed bed heat storage device are closed, and each control valve connected with a heat energy output end is closed at the same time.

11. The method of operation of claim 8, wherein when the system is not operating, all control valves are in an open state, venting the pressure within the entire system to atmospheric pressure.

12. A spray packed bed heat storage system comprises a heat source supply end, a spray packed bed heat storage device, a heat exchanger, a steam generator, a condenser, a first low-temperature liquid storage tank, a second low-temperature liquid storage tank, a liquid collection tank, a high-temperature liquid storage tank, a pressure stabilizing and filtering component and a heat source user end, and is characterized in that,

the liquid outlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device is also communicated with the inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank, an eighth control valve is arranged at the inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank, the outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with the liquid inlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device through a fourth control valve, and the other path is communicated with the hot side inlet of the steam generator through a fifth control valve;

13. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 12, wherein the heat source user side is a steam power generation system, the steam power generation system comprises a steam engine, a condenser and a liquid collection tank, and cold sides of the steam engine, the condenser, the liquid collection tank and the steam generator are sequentially communicated to form a steam power generation cycle.

14. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 13, wherein a circulation pump is provided at the outlet of the liquid collection tank.

15. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 12, wherein a first cryogenic pump is disposed at a liquid outlet of the first cryogenic liquid storage tank, a second cryogenic pump is disposed at a liquid outlet of the second cryogenic liquid storage tank, and a high temperature pump is disposed at an outlet of the high temperature liquid storage tank.

16. The system of claim 12, wherein the top of the device is further in communication with a pressure stabilizing and filtering element via a communication line with a valve.

17. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 12, wherein the spray packed bed heat storage device comprises a closed tank, wherein a spray header and a packed bed are arranged in the closed tank, the spray header is arranged at the top of the packed bed, a solid heat storage material is arranged on the packed bed, and an inlet of the spray header is communicated with a liquid inlet at the top of the spray packed bed heat storage device.

18. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 12, further comprising a regenerator, wherein the liquid outlet of the first cryogenic liquid storage tank is connected to the inlet of the heat source supply via the cold side of the regenerator, and the gas outlet at the top of the first cryogenic liquid storage tank is connected to the inlet of the liquid collection tank via a pressure relief valve, the hot side of the regenerator, and the hot side of the condenser in this order.

19. A method of operating a spray packed bed heat storage system according to any one of claims 12 to 18, wherein when the spray packed bed heat storage system is in a heat storage phase, the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve, the seventh control valve, the tenth control valve are opened and the remaining control valves are closed; the liquid heat transfer medium in the first low-temperature liquid storage tank enters a heat source supply end to heat the liquid heat transfer medium into a high-temperature heat transfer medium, when the heat energy of the heat source supply end is sufficient, one path of the high-temperature heat transfer medium flows into the heat side of the steam generator to release heat to the heat source user end and then returns to the first low-temperature liquid storage tank, and the other path of the high-temperature heat transfer medium enters the heat side of the heat exchanger to release heat and then returns to the first low-temperature liquid storage tank; meanwhile, the liquid heat transfer medium in the second low-temperature liquid storage tank enters the cold side of the heat exchanger to absorb heat and be converted into a high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium, then enters the spray-type packed bed heat storage device, exchanges heat with the solid heat storage medium in the packed bed, transfers heat to the solid heat storage medium and then is converted into a low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium, then returns to the second low-temperature liquid storage tank through a liquid outlet at the bottom of the packed bed, and when the temperature of the liquid heat transfer medium at the liquid outlet reaches a set value, the heat storage process is considered to be completed, and two control valves connected with the upper end and the lower end of the packed bed are closed.

20. The method according to claim 19, wherein in the heat release stage of the spray packed bed heat storage system, the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve, the seventh control valve and the tenth control valve are closed, the sixth control valve, the eighth control valve and the fifth control valve are opened, the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium in the second low-temperature liquid storage tank is introduced into the spray packed bed heat storage device to exchange heat with the solid heat storage medium on the packed bed, and the low-temperature liquid heat transfer medium is converted into the high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium after absorbing heat and raising temperature and then flows into the high-temperature liquid storage tank, and enters the hot side of the steam generator under the action of the high-temperature pump to transfer heat to the working medium in the steam power generation system; and after the temperature of the liquid heat transfer medium at the liquid outlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device reaches a set value, the heat release process is considered to be completed, and then the two control valves at the upper end and the lower end of the spray packed bed heat storage device are closed, and the pipeline connecting valve between the packed bed and the heat energy output end is closed.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein when the heat storage system is not operating, the valves on the internal pipes of the heat storage system are all open, and the pressure relief valve on the upper end of the liquid storage tank is opened to vent the pressure inside the entire system to atmospheric pressure.

22. A spray packed bed heat storage system comprises an industrial high temperature furnace, a chimney, a spray packed bed heat storage device, a heat exchanger, a steam generator, a condenser, a low temperature liquid storage tank, a high temperature liquid storage tank, a liquid collection tank, a pressure stabilizing and filtering component and a heat source user end,

The top of the spray packed bed heat storage device is also communicated with the pressure stabilizing and filtering component through a communication pipeline with a valve; the liquid outlet at the bottom of the spray type packed bed heat storage device is divided into two paths, one path is communicated with a second liquid inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank through a twelfth control valve, the other path is communicated with an inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank through an eighth control valve, an outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with a hot side inlet of the steam generator, a gas outlet is further arranged at the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and the gas outlet is communicated with an inlet of the liquid collection tank after passing through a pressure relief valve and the hot side of the condenser in sequence, and the pressure relief valve is also arranged on the liquid collection tank;

23. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 22, further comprising a regenerator, wherein the other path of the liquid outlet of the low temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with the liquid inlet of the spray packed bed heat storage device through a sixth control valve and the cold side of the regenerator, and the gas outlet at the top of the low temperature liquid storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the liquid collection tank after passing through the pressure release valve, the hot side of the regenerator and the hot side of the condenser in sequence.

24. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 22, wherein the exhaust pipe of the industrial high temperature furnace is provided with an air pump.

25. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 22, wherein the heat source user side is a steam power generation system, the steam power generation system comprises a steam engine, a condenser and a liquid collection tank, cold sides of the steam engine, the condenser, the liquid collection tank and the steam generator are sequentially communicated to form a steam power generation cycle, and the steam engine drives the generator to operate.

26. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 25, wherein a circulation pump is disposed at the outlet of the liquid collection tank.

27. The spray packed bed heat storage system according to claim 22, wherein a low temperature pump is disposed at the liquid outlet of the low temperature liquid storage tank, and a high temperature pump is disposed at the outlet of the high temperature liquid storage tank.

28. The thermal storage system of claim 22 wherein the thermal storage device comprises a closed tank with a spray header and a packed bed, the spray header being positioned on top of the packed bed, the packed bed being provided with a solid thermal storage material, the inlet of the spray header being in communication with the inlet at the top of the thermal storage device.

29. The method of any one of the preceding claims 22 to 28, wherein when the spray packed bed heat storage system is in a heat storage phase, the seventh control valve, the third control valve, the eleventh control valve, the twelfth control valve, the fourth control valve, the fifth control valve and the ninth control valve are opened, and the liquid heat transfer medium in the low temperature liquid storage tank is heated to a high temperature heat transfer medium after passing through the cold side of the heat exchanger, and then is split into two paths, wherein one path directly enters the steam generator to supply heat to the heat source user side; the other path enters the spray type packed bed heat storage device, exchanges heat with the solid heat storage medium in the packed bed, transfers heat to the solid heat storage medium, flows out to the low-temperature liquid storage tank through a liquid outlet at the bottom of the packed bed, and closes two valves connected with the upper end and the lower end of the packed bed when the temperature of heat transfer fluid at the outlet at the lower end of the packed bed reaches a set value.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the spray packed bed heat storage system closes the third, seventh, fourth, and twelfth control valves during the heat release phase, opens the sixth, eighth, fifth, and ninth control valves, while ensuring that the opening of the gas regulating valve on the main line of the pressure stabilizing system is at a set pressure; the low-temperature liquid heat transfer fluid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank flows into the spray packed bed heat storage device after passing through the heat regenerator, exchanges heat with the solid heat storage medium in the heat storage device, absorbs heat and heats up, then is converted into a high-temperature liquid heat transfer medium, flows into the high-temperature liquid storage tank, and enters the steam generator under the action of the high-temperature pump to transfer heat to the heat source user side.