CN108644880B - Solar heating system based on spiral plate type reactor and working method thereof - Google Patents
Solar heating system based on spiral plate type reactor and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108644880B CN108644880B CN201810424670.4A CN201810424670A CN108644880B CN 108644880 B CN108644880 B CN 108644880B CN 201810424670 A CN201810424670 A CN 201810424670A CN 108644880 B CN108644880 B CN 108644880B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature heat energy storage, and discloses a solar heating system based on a spiral plate type reactor, which comprises an energy input unit, an energy storage and release unit and a heating unit, wherein the energy input unit comprises a cold storage tank, a solar heat collector and a heat storage tank, and the solar heat collector is connected with a temperature control device; the energy storage and release unit comprises an energy storage and release reactor, a condenser and a steam generator, wherein monitoring devices are arranged on the energy storage and release reactor and the steam generator; the heating unit comprises a heat exchanger, an indoor water heating system and a water storage tank, wherein a tube side inlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a fluid outlet of the energy storage and release reactor, and a tube side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with an inlet end of the cold storage tank. The beneficial effects are that: the solar energy is adopted to promote the occurrence of reversible reaction, the environment is protected, the circulation system adopts a closed design, the chemical reaction in the system is not interfered by the outside, and the generated heat utilization rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature heat energy storage, in particular to a solar heating system based on a spiral plate type reactor and a working method thereof.
Background
In the world today, the combustion of fossil energy sources generates a large amount of greenhouse gases and other toxic and harmful gases and dust, which brings about a series of environmental pollution problems. Therefore, development and utilization of renewable clean energy have been attracting attention. The solar energy is widely distributed, clean and environment-friendly, the solar energy can be effectively utilized, the current energy problem and the environmental pollution problem can be relieved, and the energy structure is optimized.
However, solar energy has the characteristics of intermittence, difficulty in continuous supply and the like, so that the improvement of the thermal energy storage technology is a key for the large-scale development of solar heating systems. Currently, the thermal energy storage modes mainly include: sensible heat energy storage, latent heat energy storage and thermochemical energy storage.
Sensible heat storage refers to the storage of heat through a change in the temperature of the storage medium. Sensible heat energy storage cost is low, technology is mature, but the defects of large heat loss, low energy storage density, huge needed heat storage device and the like exist in long-time storage, so the method is not suitable for large-scale thermal power generation. Latent heat energy storage is also called phase change energy storage, and mainly stores and releases heat by absorbing or releasing heat when an energy storage material changes phase. The latent heat energy storage density is larger than the sensible heat, the volume of the energy storage system is smaller than the sensible heat, but the latent heat energy storage has the defects of small heat conductivity, low heat storage temperature, large heat loss, limited energy storage period and the like.
The thermochemical energy storage is an efficient energy storage means by reversible chemical reaction and utilizing the reaction enthalpy in the reaction process to store heat. Compared with other energy storage modes, the thermochemical energy storage has the advantages of high energy storage density (100-500 kW.h/m < 3 >), long-term heat loss-free storage at ambient temperature, suitability for long-distance transportation and the like, and provides a method with great development prospect for high-temperature efficient conversion, storage and transmission of solar heat energy. The thermochemical energy storage can overcome the intermittence of solar energy, realize the continuous supply of heat, and is particularly suitable for a large-scale solar heating system.
Theoretically, any reversible chemical reaction where there is an endothermic/exothermic reaction can be used for thermal energy storage. However, the more suitable thermochemical energy storage reaction systems studied at present mainly comprise: thermal decomposition of metal hydrides, decomposition of oxides and peroxides, conversion of calcium hydroxide/calcium oxide, and the like. The following factors are considered in selecting the chemical energy storage material: (1) the reaction temperature is appropriate; (2) the reaction heat effect is large; (3) no side reaction occurs in the reaction; (4) the energy storage material has low price, no toxicity and no corrosiveness; (5) The reversible reaction rate is proper, so that energy storage and release are facilitated; (6) long cycle life.
At present, a thermochemical energy storage type solar heating system is still in a small test stage, a large-scale solar heating station is not established yet, and the following problems must be solved in order to make thermochemical energy storage really a practical technology for benefiting mankind: (1) The selection of energy storage materials, the control of the attached reaction, the reversibility of the reaction and the service life of the catalyst; (2) The design of the reactor and the heat exchanger, the characteristics of various chemical beds, the thermal conductivity of the medium such as gas, solid and the like; (3) description of the operating cycle, optimal cycle efficiency; (4) the energy storage material is corrosive and economical; (5) Technical and economic analysis, investment/return research, load requirements, etc.; (6) Energy absorption storage unit, system integration and optimization of heating equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a solar heating system based on a spiral plate type reactor and a working method thereof.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: the solar heating system based on the spiral plate type reactor comprises an energy input unit, an energy storage and release unit and a heating unit, wherein the energy input unit comprises a cold storage tank, a solar heat collector and a hot storage tank, the outlet end of the cold storage tank is connected with the inlet end of a first three-way valve, the first outlet end of the first three-way valve is connected with the inlet end of the solar heat collector, the second outlet end of the first three-way valve is connected with the first inlet end of a second three-way valve, the outlet end of the solar heat collector is connected with the inlet end of the hot storage tank, the outlet end of the hot storage tank is connected with the second inlet end of the second three-way valve, the outlet end of the second three-way valve is connected with the energy storage and release unit, and the solar heat collector is connected with a temperature control device;
the energy storage and release unit comprises an energy storage and release reactor, a condenser and a steam generator, wherein the outlet end of the second three-way valve is connected with the fluid inlet of the energy storage and release reactor, the steam outlet of the energy storage and release reactor is connected with the inlet end of the condenser, the outlet end of the condenser is connected with the inlet end of the steam generator, the outlet end of the steam generator is connected with the steam inlet of the energy storage and release reactor, and monitoring devices are arranged on the energy storage and release reactor and the steam generator;
the heating unit comprises a heat exchanger, an indoor water heating system and a water storage tank, wherein a tube side inlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a fluid outlet of the energy storage and release reactor, a tube side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with an inlet end of the cold storage tank, a shell side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with an inlet end of the indoor water heating system, an outlet end of the indoor water heating system is connected with an inlet end of the water storage tank, and an outlet end of the water storage tank is connected with a shell side inlet of the heat exchanger.
Further, the steam outlet is arranged at the upper end of the energy storage and release reactor, the steam inlet is arranged at the lower end of the side wall of the energy storage and release reactor, the bottom of the energy storage and release reactor is provided with a water outlet, a fence plate and a reactor are arranged in the energy storage and release reactor, the reactor is arranged between the steam outlet and the steam inlet through the fence plate, the reactor comprises a fluid spiral channel and a reaction spiral channel, the fluid spiral channel and the reaction spiral channel are wound in parallel and tightly adhered to each other, fluid is loaded in the fluid spiral channel, a reaction medium is filled in the reaction spiral channel, the fluid inlet is connected with the inlet end of the fluid spiral channel, the fluid outlet is connected with the outlet end of the fluid spiral channel, and the steam inlet is communicated with the steam outlet through the reaction spiral channel.
Further, the fluid spiral channel comprises a first winding layer and a first semi-cylindrical core layer, the inner end of the first winding layer is connected with the first core layer, the reaction spiral channel comprises a second winding layer and a second semi-cylindrical core layer, and the inner end of the second winding layer is connected with the second core layer; the rectangular side wall of the first core layer is tightly attached to the rectangular side wall of the second core layer, the first winding layer and the second winding layer are tightly wound in parallel, the fluid inlet is connected with the outer end of the first winding layer, and the fluid outlet is connected with the top end of the first core layer.
Further, the temperature control device comprises a temperature controller, a temperature measuring transmitter and a first valve, wherein the first valve is positioned on a pipeline at the inlet end of the solar heat collector, the temperature measuring transmitter is positioned on a pipeline at the outlet end of the solar heat collector, and two ends of the temperature controller are respectively connected with the first valve and the temperature measuring transmitter.
Further, the monitoring device comprises a pressure gauge and a thermocouple thermometer.
Further, a pressure gauge for measuring the pressure of water vapor is arranged at the top of the energy storage and release reactor, a thermocouple thermometer for measuring the temperature in the reaction spiral channel is arranged at the bottom of the energy storage and release reactor, and a heat insulation layer is wrapped outside the energy storage and release reactor.
Further, a heater for heating the water vapor is installed at the bottom of the steam generator, a pressure gauge for measuring the pressure of the water vapor inside the steam generator and a thermocouple thermometer for measuring the temperature of the water vapor inside the steam generator are installed at the top of the steam generator, and a liquid level gauge is installed at the side face of the steam generator.
Further, circulating pumps are arranged between the outlet end of the cold storage tank and the first three-way valve and between the outlet end of the water storage tank and the shell side inlet of the heat exchanger; second valves are arranged between a vapor outlet of the energy storage and release reactor and an inlet end of the condenser, between an outlet end of the condenser and an inlet end of the vapor generator, between an outlet end of the vapor generator and a vapor inlet of the energy storage and release reactor, between a fluid outlet of the energy storage and release reactor and a tube side inlet of the heat exchanger, between a tube side outlet of the heat exchanger and an inlet end of the cold storage tank, between an outlet end of the water storage tank and a shell side inlet of the heat exchanger, and between a shell side outlet of the heat exchanger and an inlet end of the indoor water heating system.
Further, the reaction medium is an energy storage reaction medium or an energy release reaction medium, and during the energy storage process: the energy storage reaction medium is heated and decomposed into an energy release reaction medium and water vapor, and the energy release process is as follows: the energy release reaction medium reacts with the steam to generate an energy storage reaction medium and heat, wherein the energy storage reaction medium is calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide doped with expanded graphite, and the energy release reaction medium is calcium oxide or magnesium oxide doped with expanded graphite corresponding to the energy storage reaction medium.
The working method of the solar heating system based on the spiral plate type reactor comprises an energy storage process, an energy release process and a heating process;
the energy storage process is that fluid in a cold storage tank is heated into hot fluid through a solar heat collector, the hot fluid enters a fluid spiral channel in an energy storage and release reactor through the hot storage tank, heat is transferred to an energy release reaction medium in a reaction spiral channel, the energy release reaction medium is heated to generate decomposition reaction, an energy storage reaction medium and water vapor are generated, wherein the energy storage reaction medium is stored in the reaction spiral channel, the water vapor is discharged through a water vapor outlet, and the water vapor enters a condenser to be condensed into liquid water;
the energy release process is that liquid water in the condenser is heated into steam through the steam generator, then enters the reaction spiral channel through the steam inlet, the energy release reaction medium and the steam are subjected to hydration reaction to generate an energy storage reaction medium and release heat, the energy storage reaction medium is stored in the energy storage and release reactor, and the heat heats the fluid conveyed by the cold storage tank into hot fluid;
the heating process is that the hot fluid in the energy release process enters a tube side channel of the heat exchanger, and the cold water in the water storage tank enters a shell side channel of the heat exchanger, so that the hot fluid in the tube side channel transfers heat to the cold water in the shell side channel, and the cold water absorbs heat and is discharged to an indoor water heating system for heating from a shell side outlet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the system utilizes thermochemical high temperature reversible reactions Or->Calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide is used as an energy storage reaction medium, calcium oxide or magnesium oxide is used as an energy release reaction medium, solar heat energy is fully utilized to promote the occurrence of reversible reaction, long-term and stable storage of solar energy in a chemical energy form is realized, and no side reaction is generated, so that the method is efficient and environment-friendly. When heat energy is needed, a large amount of heat can be released through reverse reaction to provide high-grade heat energy. The energy is stored and released in a thermochemical energy storage mode, the energy storage density per unit mass is far higher than that of sensible heat energy storage and latent heat energy storage, the energy quality is high, and the calcium hydroxide/calcium oxide and the magnesium hydroxide/magnesium oxide have the advantages of easy acquisition, low price, no toxicity, no corrosiveness and the like.
2. The energy storage and release reactor adopted by the system is provided with two long channels which are sleeved with each other, wherein one channel is filled with fluid, the other channel is filled with a reaction medium, the fluid can be uniformly heated and cooled in the channels, and a valve body is arranged on a fluid outlet and other pipelines, so that the control of the reaction rate in the reaction process and the control of the rate of heat exchange and the heat utilization efficiency can be realized through the adjustment of the flow rate of the fluid.
3. The system utilizes thermochemical high-temperature reversible reaction, designs the energy storage and release reactor into a totally-enclosed circulating system, and the reversible reaction in the system is not interfered by the outside, so that the utilization rate of raw materials is high, and the energy utilization rate of the system is high.
4. The system adopts a spiral plate type energy storage and release reactor, and compared with other reactors, the reactor adopts a detachable structure with split type design, and the reaction device can be combined in a modularized manner so as to adapt to large-scale indoor water heating systems with different heating powers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage and release reactor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the reactor in the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a cold storage tank; 2. a solar collector; 3. a hot storage tank; 4. a first three-way valve; 5. a second three-way valve; 6. a stored energy release reactor; 601. a fluid inlet; 602. a fluid outlet; 603. a water vapor inlet; 604. a water vapor outlet; 605. a fence panel; 606. a reactor; 607. a fluid spiral channel; 608. a reaction spiral channel; 609. a first winding layer; 610. a first core layer; 611. a second winding layer; 612. a second core layer; 613. a gas distribution plate; 614. a flange; 615. a water outlet; 7. a condenser; 8. a steam generator; 9. a heat exchanger; 901. a shell side outlet; 902. a shell side inlet; 903. a tube side outlet; 904. a tube side inlet; 10. an indoor water heating system; 11. a water storage tank; 12. a temperature controller; 13. a temperature measurement transmitter; 14. a first valve; 15. a pressure gauge; 16. a thermocouple thermometer; 17. a heater; 18. a liquid level gauge; 19. a heat insulating layer; 20. a circulation pump; 21. and a second valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The solar heating system based on the spiral plate type reactor shown in fig. 1 comprises an energy input unit, an energy storage and release unit and a heating unit, wherein the energy input unit comprises a cold storage tank 1, a solar heat collector 2 and a hot storage tank 3, the outlet end of the cold storage tank 1 is connected with the inlet end of a first three-way valve 4, the first outlet end of the first three-way valve 4 is connected with the inlet end of the solar heat collector 2, the second outlet end of the first three-way valve 4 is connected with the first inlet end of a second three-way valve 5, the outlet end of the solar heat collector 2 is connected with the inlet end of the hot storage tank 3, the outlet end of the hot storage tank 3 is connected with the second inlet end of the second three-way valve 5, the outlet end of the second three-way valve 5 is connected with the energy storage and release unit, and the solar heat collector 2 is connected with a temperature control device;
the energy storage and release unit comprises an energy storage and release reactor 6, a condenser 7 and a steam generator 8, wherein the outlet end of the second three-way valve 5 is connected with a fluid inlet 601 of the energy storage and release reactor 6, a steam outlet 604 of the energy storage and release reactor 6 is connected with the inlet end of the condenser 7, the outlet end of the condenser 7 is connected with the inlet end of the steam generator 8, the outlet end of the steam generator 8 is connected with a steam inlet 603 of the energy storage and release reactor 6, and monitoring devices are arranged on the energy storage and release reactor 6 and the steam generator 8;
the heating unit comprises a heat exchanger 9, an indoor water heating system 10 and a water storage tank 11, wherein a tube side inlet 904 of the heat exchanger 9 is connected with a fluid outlet 602 of the energy storage and release reactor 6, a tube side outlet 903 of the heat exchanger 9 is connected with an inlet end of the cold storage tank 1, a shell side outlet 901 of the heat exchanger 9 is connected with an inlet end of the indoor water heating system 10, an outlet end of the indoor water heating system 10 is connected with an inlet end of the water storage tank 11, and an outlet end of the water storage tank 11 is connected with a shell side inlet 902 of the heat exchanger 9. The process of entering the energy storage and release reactor 6 by the hot fluid is as follows: the cold storage tank 1 supplies fluid to the solar collector 2 through a first outlet end of the first three-way valve 4; the solar heat collector 2 heats the fluid into hot fluid, the hot fluid enters and exits the heat storage tank 3, the outlet end of the heat storage tank 3 is connected with the second inlet end of the second three-way valve 5, and the outlet end of the second three-way valve 5 is connected with the fluid inlet 601 of the energy storage and release reactor 6, so that the hot fluid is transferred into the energy storage and release reactor 6; the cold fluid enters the energy storage and release reactor 6: the cold storage tank 1 is connected with the first inlet end of the second three-way valve 5 through the second outlet end of the first three-way valve 4, and the outlet end of the second three-way valve 5 is connected with the fluid inlet 601 of the energy storage and release reactor 6, so that cold fluid is input into the energy storage and release reactor 6.
As shown in fig. 2 (the energy storage and release reactor in fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view along A-A of fig. 3), the water vapor outlet 604 is installed at the upper end of the energy storage and release reactor, the water vapor inlet 603 is installed at the lower end of the side wall of the energy storage and release reactor 6, the bottom of the energy storage and release reactor 6 is provided with a drain port 615, a fence plate 605 and a reactor 606 are arranged inside the energy storage and release reactor 6, the reactor 606 is installed between the water vapor outlet 604 and the water vapor inlet 603 through the fence plate 605, the reactor 606 comprises a fluid spiral channel 607 and a reaction spiral channel 608, the fluid spiral channel 607 and the reaction spiral channel 608 are wound in parallel and tightly attached, the fluid spiral channel 607 is filled with fluid, the reaction spiral channel 608 is filled with a reaction medium, the fluid inlet 601 is connected with the inlet end of the fluid spiral channel 607, the fluid outlet 602 is connected with the outlet end of the fluid spiral channel 603, and the water vapor inlet is communicated with the water vapor outlet 604 through the reaction spiral channel 608. Wherein the reaction medium is an energy storage reaction medium or an energy release reaction medium, and the energy storage process comprises the following steps: the energy storage reaction medium is heated and decomposed into an energy release reaction medium and water vapor, and the energy release process is that: the energy release reaction medium reacts with steam to generate an energy storage reaction medium and heat, wherein the energy storage reaction medium is calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide doped with expanded graphite, and the energy release reaction medium is calcium oxide or magnesium oxide doped with expanded graphite corresponding to the energy storage reaction medium, namely: the energy release reaction medium is calcium oxide or magnesium oxide corresponding to the energy storage reaction medium, namely the reversible reaction system occurring in the reaction spiral channel 608 is: or->The reaction spiral channel 608 is internally provided with a honeycomb stainless steel mesh, the reaction medium is arranged in the honeycomb stainless steel mesh, the honeycomb stainless steel mesh is wrapped outside the reaction spiral channel in order to prevent the reaction medium from falling off, and the expanded graphite is added into the reaction medium in order to improve the bulk of the reaction medium, thereby being beneficial to the progress of the exothermic reaction. The fence plate 605 is of a stainless steel mesh structure, so that water vapor can pass through and can also support the fluid spiral channel 607 and the reaction spiral channel 608, a gas distribution plate 613 is arranged above the water vapor inlet 603, the fence plate 605 penetrating through the side wall of the energy storage and release reactor is arranged above the gas distribution plate 613, the bottoms of the fluid spiral channel 607 and the reaction spiral channel 608 are connected with the fence plate 605, the water vapor outlet 604 is positioned at the top of the energy storage and release reactor 6, the water vapor inlet 603 is communicated with the water vapor outlet 604 through the reaction spiral channel 608, and reversible reaction (for example, a calcium hydroxide/calcium oxide system) can occur in the reaction spiral channel 608:the condenser 7 adopts a cold air working mode to condense vapor generated by endothermic decomposition reaction in the energy storage reactor 6, when the volume of liquid water formed by condensation reaches 80% of the volume of the condenser 7, the liquid water enters the steam generator 8 through the second valve 21, the outside of the energy storage and release reactor 6 is wrapped with the heat insulation layer 19, the heat insulation layer 19 is used for heat insulation, heat loss is reduced, and the heat efficiency is improved, wherein the gas distribution plate 613 is uniformly distributed with air holes, the vapor is uniformly distributed through the gas distribution plate 613, the shell of the energy storage and release reactor adopts a split design and is divided into an upper shell, a middle shell and a lower shell, the upper shell, the middle shell and the lower shell are connected through flanges, and two ends of a fence plate are connected with the middle shell and the lower shell through flangesThe flange is connected to the bottom of the middle shell and the reactor 606 is fixedly connected to the fence plate 605 by bolts.
As shown in fig. 3, the fluid spiral channel 607 includes a first winding layer 609 and a first core layer 610 having a semi-cylindrical shape, an inner end of the first winding layer 609 is connected to the first core layer 610, the reaction spiral channel 608 includes a second winding layer 611 and a second core layer 612 having a semi-cylindrical shape, and an inner end of the second winding layer 611 is connected to the second core layer 612; the rectangular side wall of the first core layer 610 is tightly attached to the rectangular side wall of the second core layer 612, the first winding layer 609 and the second winding layer 611 are tightly wound in parallel, the fluid inlet 610 is connected with the outer end of the first winding layer 609, the fluid outlet 602 is connected with the top end of the first core layer 610, and the two spiral channels are tightly attached to each other, so that better heat conduction can be achieved; the fluid is discharged from the top end of the first core layer 610 against the action of gravity when flowing in the fluid spiral channel 607, which can increase the residence time of the fluid in the fluid spiral channel 607 and improve the heat transfer efficiency, wherein the fluid is heavy oil.
The temperature control device comprises a temperature controller 12, a temperature measuring transmitter 13 and a first valve 14, wherein the first valve 14 is positioned on a pipeline at the inlet end of the solar heat collector 2, the temperature measuring transmitter 13 is positioned on a pipeline at the outlet end of the solar heat collector 2, two ends of the temperature controller 12 are respectively connected with the first valve 14 and the temperature measuring transmitter 13, the temperature controller 12 is used for controlling the opening degree of the first valve 14, the temperature measuring transmitter 13 measures the fluid temperature at the outlet of the solar heat collector 2, the temperature controller 12 controls the opening degree (the opening degree of the valve) of the first valve 14 on the pipeline at the inlet end of the solar heat collector 2, the temperature measuring transmitter 13 feeds back the measured temperature value to the temperature controller 12, and the temperature controller 12 adjusts the opening degree of the first valve 14 according to the measured temperature value, for example: when the temperature of the fluid at the outlet end of the solar heat collector 2 is too low, the temperature controller 12 controls the opening degree of the first valve 14 to be smaller, namely, the fluid flow passing through the first valve 14 is reduced, the temperature controller 12 is provided with a singlechip, the temperature measuring transmitter 13 and the first valve 14 are electrically connected with the singlechip, and the opening degree of the first valve 14 is adjusted to control the flow rate of the fluid entering the solar heat collector 2, so that the fluid temperature at the outlet end of the solar heat collector 2 is in a constant state.
The monitoring device comprises a pressure gauge 15 and a thermocouple thermometer 16.
The bottom of the steam generator 8 is provided with a heater 17 for heating steam, the top of the steam generator 8 is provided with a pressure gauge 15 for measuring the pressure of the steam inside the steam generator and a thermocouple thermometer 16 for measuring the temperature of the steam inside the steam generator, the side surface of the steam generator 8 is provided with a liquid level gauge 18, the liquid level gauge 18 is used for observing the liquid level in the steam generator 8 and preventing dry burning, the service life of the steam generator 8 is influenced, the measuring range of the thermocouple thermometer 16 is 0-300 ℃, and the thermocouple thermometer 16 is used for measuring the temperature of the steam inside the steam generator 8.
The outside parcel insulating layer 19 of energy storage and release reactor 6 for thermal-insulated heat exchange with the external world that reduces improves the heat utilization efficiency, the manometer 15 that is used for measuring vapor pressure is installed at the top of energy storage and release reactor 6, the thermocouple thermometer 16 that is used for measuring the temperature in the reaction spiral passageway is installed to the bottom of energy storage and release reactor 6, detects vapor pressure to and the heat that the reaction produced are favorable to adjusting the velocity of flow of the fluid of entire system, make the fluid temperature that inputs the heating unit invariable.
A circulating pump 20 is arranged between the outlet end of the cold storage tank 1 and the first three-way valve 4, and between the outlet end of the water storage tank 11 and the shell side inlet 902 of the heat exchanger 9; the circulation pump 20 is used for circulating the fluid in the cold storage tank 1 in the system, so as to improve the working efficiency, and a second valve 21 is installed between the water vapor outlet 604 of the energy storage and release reactor 6 and the inlet end of the condenser 7, between the outlet end of the condenser 7 and the inlet end of the steam generator 8, between the outlet end of the steam generator 8 and the water vapor inlet 603 of the energy storage and release reactor 6, between the fluid outlet 602 of the energy storage and release reactor 6 and the tube side inlet 904 of the heat exchanger 9, between the tube side outlet 903 of the heat exchanger 9 and the inlet end of the cold storage tank 1, between the outlet end of the water storage tank 11 and the shell side inlet 902 of the heat exchanger 9, and between the shell side outlet 901 of the heat exchanger 9 and the inlet end of the indoor water heating system 10, and the second valve 21 can control the flow of the fluid in the system, thereby controlling the temperature of the fluid.
The solar heat collector 2 provides a heat source for the energy storage and release reactor 6, the solar heat collector 2 is of a butterfly structure (butterfly solar heat collector in the prior art), a glass plate is arranged at the top of the solar heat collector, a spiral coil structure is adopted as a heat conduction pipe in the solar heat collector 2, fluid in the heat conduction pipe, the cold storage tank 1 and the fluid spiral channel 607 are all heavy oil, the fluid in the cold storage tank 1 flows to the solar heat collector 2, the solar heat collector 2 absorbs solar heat energy to heat the fluid, the hot fluid enters the fluid spiral channel, and the heat is transferred to a reaction medium in the reaction spiral channel through the spiral plate, so that the heat absorption reaction of calcium hydroxide into calcium oxide and water vapor is driven.
The heater 17 is a resistance wire heater, and the resistance wire heater has strong controllability and rapid heating.
The working method of the solar heating system based on the spiral plate type reactor comprises an energy storage process, an energy release process and a heating process (taking calcium hydroxide/calcium oxide system as an example);
the energy storage process is that fluid in a cold storage tank 1 is heated into hot fluid through a solar heat collector 2, then enters a fluid spiral channel of an energy storage and release reactor 6 through a hot storage tank 3, and transfers heat to calcium hydroxide in a reaction spiral channel, the calcium hydroxide is heated to generate decomposition reaction, calcium oxide and water vapor are generated, wherein the calcium oxide is stored in the reaction spiral channel, the water vapor is discharged through a water vapor outlet, and enters a condenser to be condensed into liquid water;
the energy release process is that after the liquid water in the condenser is heated into water vapor through the steam generator 8, the water vapor enters the reaction spiral channel through the steam inlet, calcium oxide and the water vapor are subjected to hydration reaction to generate calcium hydroxide and release heat, the calcium hydroxide is stored in the energy storage and release reactor 6, the heat heats the fluid conveyed by the cold storage tank 1 into hot fluid,
the heating process is that the hot fluid in the energy release process enters a tube side channel of the heat exchanger 9, the cold water in the water storage tank 11 enters a shell side channel of the heat exchanger 9, and the cold water absorbs the heat of the hot fluid and is discharged to the indoor water heating system 10 for heating through the shell side outlet 901.
The specific workflow of the invention is (the following is exemplified by the calcium hydroxide/calcium oxide system):
the energy storage system comprises an energy storage process, an energy release process and a heating process which are circulated in sequence, wherein the flow of the energy storage process is as follows: the inlet end and the first outlet end of the first three-way valve 4 are opened, the second outlet end of the first three-way valve 4 is closed, the circulating pump 20 between the cold storage tank 1 and the first three-way valve 4 is opened, fluid in the cold storage tank 1 is conveyed by the circulating pump 20 and passes through the first outlet end of the first three-way valve 4 to the solar heat collector 2, the fluid is heated into hot fluid by the solar heat collector 2 and then enters the hot storage tank 3 for storage, at the moment, the second inlet end and the outlet end of the second three-way valve 5 are opened, the first inlet end of the second three-way valve 5 is closed, so that the hot fluid in the hot storage tank 3 enters the fluid spiral channel through the fluid inlet 601, heat energy is transferred to calcium hydroxide particles in the reaction spiral channel through the hot fluid, the calcium hydroxide particles absorb heat to be decomposed to generate calcium oxide and water vapor, the calcium oxide is continuously remained in the reaction spiral channel, and the water vapor enters the condenser 7 through the water vapor outlet 604 to be condensed into water and then enters the vapor generator 8. Wherein; the temperature measuring transmitter 13 monitors the temperature of the fluid at the outlet end of the solar heat collector 2, temperature data are transmitted to the temperature controller 12, the temperature controller 12 adjusts the opening of the first valve 14 according to the temperature data, when the temperature of the fluid is lower, the opening of the first valve 14 is smaller, and when the temperature of the fluid is higher, the opening of the first valve 14 is increased, so that the temperature of the fluid is ensured to be in a constant state;
the energy release process is to open the inlet end and the second outlet end of the first three-way valve 4, close the first outlet end of the first three-way valve 4, open the first inlet end and the outlet end of the second three-way valve 5, close the second inlet end of the second three-way valve 5, so that the fluid in the cold storage tank 1 enters the energy storage and release reactor 6 through the fluid inlet 601, the resistance wire heater 17 of the steam generator 8 heats the water into steam, the steam enters the steam inlet 603 of the energy storage and release reactor 6 through the outlet end of the steam generator 8, the steam enters the reaction spiral channel through the gas distribution plate to generate hydration reaction with calcium oxide to generate calcium hydroxide and a large amount of heat, the fluid is heated into hot fluid, and the hot fluid enters the tube side inlet 904 of the heat exchanger 9 through the fluid outlet 602 of the energy storage and release reactor 6;
the heating process is that the hot fluid conveyed by the energy storage and release reactor 6 is filled in a tube side pipeline of the heat exchanger 9, cold water in the water storage tank 11 enters a shell side inlet 902 of the heat exchanger 9 through the circulating pump 20, exchanges heat with the hot fluid in the tube side pipeline of the heat exchanger 9, changes from a shell side outlet 901 of the heat exchanger 9 into hot water, enters the indoor water heating system 10 through the second valve 21, and returns to the water storage tank 11 for continuous circulation after completing heat exchange of indoor air.
The system implements the materials and installation parameters of the parts of equipment as shown in the following table: (taking 150KW heating capacity as an example)
After the scheme is implemented, the defects of solar energy intermittence, low density and the like can be overcome, and the solar energy can stably and continuously heat at night or in overcast and rainy days. Can be connected with a 150KW large heating device to directly butt joint the central heating interface to drive 5000m 2 The central heating of the utility model can save energy by more than 70 percent while ensuring high heat efficiency, and the average power consumption per square meter per month is about 5-8 degrees. According to the heat accumulation and heat release circulation process of the system, the total amount of solar heat energy storage per year can be calculated for the steam turbine to continuously work for 100 days, compared with the current 100W thermal power generation in China, the CO can be effectively reduced 2 The discharge is about 20000 tons/year. The implementation of the scheme not only fully utilizes abundant and environment-friendly solar resources, but also realizes reasonable development of natural resourcesAnd the method promotes the environmental protection and the sustainable development of human society, saves energy, protects environment, and reduces excessive CO caused by thermal power generation 2 And the like.
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any other modifications or equivalent substitutions made without departing from the technical aspects of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a solar heating system based on spiral plate type reactor, includes energy input unit, stores up and releases energy unit, heating unit, its characterized in that: the energy input unit comprises a cold storage tank, a solar heat collector and a hot storage tank, wherein the outlet end of the cold storage tank is connected with the inlet end of a first three-way valve, the first outlet end of the first three-way valve is connected with the inlet end of the solar heat collector, the second outlet end of the first three-way valve is connected with the first inlet end of a second three-way valve, the outlet end of the solar heat collector is connected with the inlet end of the hot storage tank, the outlet end of the hot storage tank is connected with the second inlet end of the second three-way valve, the outlet end of the second three-way valve is connected with the energy storage and release unit, and the solar heat collector is connected with the temperature control device;
the energy storage and release unit comprises an energy storage and release reactor, a condenser and a steam generator, wherein the outlet end of the second three-way valve is connected with the fluid inlet of the energy storage and release reactor, the steam outlet of the energy storage and release reactor is connected with the inlet end of the condenser, the outlet end of the condenser is connected with the inlet end of the steam generator, the outlet end of the steam generator is connected with the steam inlet of the energy storage and release reactor, and monitoring devices are arranged on the energy storage and release reactor and the steam generator;
the heating unit comprises a heat exchanger, an indoor water heating system and a water storage tank, wherein a tube side inlet of the heat exchanger is connected with a fluid outlet of the energy storage and release reactor, a tube side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with an inlet end of the cold storage tank, a shell side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with an inlet end of the indoor water heating system, an outlet end of the indoor water heating system is connected with an inlet end of the water storage tank, and an outlet end of the water storage tank is connected with a shell side inlet of the heat exchanger.
2. The solar heating system based on a spiral-plate reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the steam outlet is arranged at the upper end of the energy storage and release reactor, the steam inlet is arranged at the lower end of the side wall of the energy storage and release reactor, a water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the energy storage and release reactor, a fence plate and a reactor are arranged in the energy storage and release reactor, the reactor is arranged between the steam outlet and the steam inlet through the fence plate, the reactor comprises a fluid spiral channel and a reaction spiral channel, the fluid spiral channel and the reaction spiral channel are wound in parallel and tightly adhered to each other, fluid is loaded in the fluid spiral channel, the reaction spiral channel is filled with a reaction medium, the fluid inlet is connected with the inlet end of the fluid spiral channel, the fluid outlet is connected with the outlet end of the fluid spiral channel, and the steam inlet is communicated with the steam outlet through the reaction spiral channel.
3. The solar heating system based on a spiral-plate reactor according to claim 2, wherein: the fluid spiral channel comprises a first winding layer and a first semi-cylindrical core layer, the inner end of the first winding layer is connected with the first core layer, the reaction spiral channel comprises a second winding layer and a second semi-cylindrical core layer, and the inner end of the second winding layer is connected with the second core layer; the rectangular side wall of the first core layer is tightly attached to the rectangular side wall of the second core layer, the first winding layer and the second winding layer are tightly wound in parallel, the fluid inlet is connected with the outer end of the first winding layer, and the fluid outlet is connected with the top end of the first core layer.
4. The solar heating system based on a spiral-plate reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature control device comprises a temperature controller, a temperature measuring transmitter and a first valve, wherein the first valve is positioned on a pipeline at the inlet end of the solar heat collector, the temperature measuring transmitter is positioned on a pipeline at the outlet end of the solar heat collector, and two ends of the temperature controller are respectively connected with the first valve and the temperature measuring transmitter.
5. The solar heating system based on a spiral-plate reactor according to claim 1, wherein: the monitoring device comprises a pressure gauge and a thermocouple thermometer.
6. The solar heating system based on the spiral plate type reactor according to claim 4, wherein a pressure gauge for measuring the pressure of water vapor is arranged at the top of the energy storage and release reactor, a thermocouple thermometer for measuring the temperature in the reaction spiral channel is arranged at the bottom of the energy storage and release reactor, and a heat insulation layer is wrapped outside the energy storage and release reactor.
7. The solar heating system based on a spiral-plate reactor according to claim 4, wherein: the bottom of the steam generator is provided with a heater for heating the steam, the top of the steam generator is provided with a pressure gauge for measuring the pressure of the steam in the steam generator and a thermocouple thermometer for measuring the temperature of the steam in the steam generator, and the side surface of the steam generator is provided with a liquid level gauge.
8. The solar heating system based on a spiral-plate reactor according to claim 1, wherein: circulating pumps are arranged between the outlet end of the cold storage tank and the first three-way valve and between the outlet end of the water storage tank and the shell side inlet of the heat exchanger; second valves are arranged between a vapor outlet of the energy storage and release reactor and an inlet end of the condenser, between an outlet end of the condenser and an inlet end of the vapor generator, between an outlet end of the vapor generator and a vapor inlet of the energy storage and release reactor, between a fluid outlet of the energy storage and release reactor and a tube side inlet of the heat exchanger, between a tube side outlet of the heat exchanger and an inlet end of the cold storage tank, between an outlet end of the water storage tank and a shell side inlet of the heat exchanger, and between a shell side outlet of the heat exchanger and an inlet end of the indoor water heating system.
9. A method of operating a solar heating system based on a spiral-plate reactor according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: the method comprises an energy storage process, an energy release process and a heating process;
the energy storage process is that fluid in a cold storage tank is heated into hot fluid through a solar heat collector, the hot fluid enters a fluid spiral channel in an energy storage and release reactor through the hot storage tank, heat is transferred to an energy storage reaction medium in a reaction spiral channel, the energy storage reaction medium is heated to generate decomposition reaction, an energy release reaction medium and water vapor, wherein the energy release reaction medium is stored in the reaction spiral channel, the water vapor is discharged through a water vapor outlet, and the water vapor enters a condenser to be condensed into liquid water;
the energy release process is that liquid water in the condenser is heated into steam through the steam generator, then enters the reaction spiral channel through the steam inlet, the energy release reaction medium and the steam are subjected to hydration reaction to generate an energy storage reaction medium and release heat, the energy storage reaction medium is stored in the energy storage and release reactor, and the heat heats the fluid conveyed by the cold storage tank into hot fluid;
the heating process is that the hot fluid in the energy release process enters a tube side channel of the heat exchanger, and the cold water in the water storage tank enters a shell side channel of the heat exchanger, so that the hot fluid in the tube side channel transfers heat to the cold water in the shell side channel, and the cold water absorbs heat and is discharged to an indoor water heating system for heating from a shell side outlet.
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| CN106931657A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-07 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of solar energy high temperature storage and release system based on thermochemical method |
| CN208859709U (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2019-05-14 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of solar energy heating system based on spiral-plate reactor |
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| CN104006540A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-08-27 | 华南理工大学 | Thermochemical energy storage testing device and testing method |
| CN106931657A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-07 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of solar energy high temperature storage and release system based on thermochemical method |
| CN208859709U (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2019-05-14 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of solar energy heating system based on spiral-plate reactor |
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