CN109874428B - Rice direct seeding-ditching-leveling integrated machine and sowing method thereof - Google Patents
Rice direct seeding-ditching-leveling integrated machine and sowing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109874428B CN109874428B CN201910299954.XA CN201910299954A CN109874428B CN 109874428 B CN109874428 B CN 109874428B CN 201910299954 A CN201910299954 A CN 201910299954A CN 109874428 B CN109874428 B CN 109874428B
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 21
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 21
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000721671 Ludwigia Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention provides a paddy planter-ditching-leveling integrated machine and a seeding method thereof, which are applied to the field of agricultural machinery. The paddy planter, ditching and leveling integrated machine comprises a frame, a seed metering device, a supporting plate, a gearbox, water baffles, floating plates, side ditchers, a central ditcher, a leveling device, a slotting device and the like, wherein the central ditcher is fixed at the middle lower part of the frame, the two water baffles are respectively fixed at two ends of the frame, the front lower part of each water baffle is provided with the side ditcher, when the whole machine advances, shallow water storage ditches are formed at two sides, and deep drainage ditches are formed in the middle; the power of the power chassis is transmitted to the leveling device and the seed sowing device through the gearbox, and the leveling device levels soil discharged by the central ditcher and the side ditchers and uneven soil on the surface of the paddy field to level the surface of the paddy field; as the front part of the front support plate of the whole machine further smoothes the ground surface, the groover at the rear part of the support plate extrudes soil to form a seed bed and opens a water storage ditch between rows; the seed sowing device rotates to spread seeds on the seed bed. The whole machine has compact structure, can finish a plurality of working procedures such as surface leveling, ditching, ridging, sowing and the like by one-time field operation, has high working efficiency and completely meets the agronomic requirements of paddy direct seeding operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a paddy rice direct seeding, ditching, leveling and sowing method.
Background
The mechanical planting mode of rice mainly comprises transplanting and direct seeding. The seedling raising, transplanting and planting mode has the advantages of good adaptability, high efficiency, stable yield and the like, but is limited by factors such as seedling raising, machinery, yield, cost and the like, and is difficult to popularize. The direct seeding planting method omits a seedling raising link, can realize mechanized operation, has the advantages of high operation efficiency, low cost, high yield and the like, but lacks a machine model combined with the current planting agriculture. At present, the working machine with single functions of tillage, land leveling and sowing is used for paddy planter operation, the ditching, leveling and sowing are all single operations, the operation efficiency is low, particularly, the ditching process is manually completed at the early stage or the later stage of sowing, the labor intensity is high, the degree of mechanization is extremely low, more importantly, redundant soil after ditching is accumulated at two sides of a ditch, the later stage of drainage is not facilitated, and the next stubble cultivation is greatly influenced; after paddy field cultivation, the uneven paddy field surface needs to be leveled before sowing, and a special land leveler is adopted for operation, so that the procedure of direct seeding operation is increased; the existing single-function direct seeding machine has high requirement on the surface evenness of the rice field during seeding, and the surface soil is required to be in a slurry state without water, so that the direct seeding condition is generally difficult to ensure completely; if the surface of the paddy field has accumulated water for direct seeding operation, the accumulated water is flushed into the sown paddy field to shift the seeds, and the seeds are soaked for a long time to influence the germination of the seeds. Therefore, the paddy planter needs a device integrating the working procedures of deep main drainage ditch, shallow water storage ditch, leveling field surface, forming seed bed, sowing and the like, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of the paddy planter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects that the current paddy planter mechanized operation lacks ditching equipment, ditching, leveling and seeding equipment has single operation function and low efficiency, is not suitable for paddy planter agriculture and the like, and provides a multifunctional direct planter integrating ditching, leveling and direct seeding.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a paddy rice direct seeding-ditching-flattening all-in-one, it includes frame, seed metering ware, seed case, layer board, connecting rod, gearbox, breakwater, floating plate, side furrow opener, crank, central furrow opener, flattening ware, ratchet mechanism, square shaft, rocking arm, groover and backplate;
the central furrow opener is fixed at the middle lower part of the frame, and the gearbox is fixed at the middle part of the frame; the central furrow opener is in a ship shape and comprises a furrow opening port, a forming port and a bottom plate, wherein the two furrow opening port are fixed at the front part of the bottom plate and are obliquely conical, the two forming port are obliquely fixed at two sides of the bottom plate, the front parts of the two forming ports are fixedly connected with the furrow opening port, and the furrow opening port, the forming port and the bottom plate form a ship shape with an opening at the rear part;
the two leveling devices are transversely arranged at the front lower part of the frame and are respectively positioned at two sides of the central furrow opener; each leveling device comprises a leveling shaft, a web plate, leveling plates, an inner half shaft and an outer half shaft, wherein the web plate is in a dodecagon shape with six sharp corners, the leveling shafts penetrate through the rotation centers of the web plates, the web plates are uniformly distributed at intervals on the leveling shaft, each web plate is vertically fixed with the leveling shaft, and projections of the web plates along the axial direction of the leveling shaft are overlapped; all the plat plates on the leveling shaft form a fixing structure for installing six leveling plates, the bottom of each leveling plate surface is supported and fixed by one edge of each plat plate, the six leveling plates are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the plat plate, and the side edges of the leveling plates exceed the plat plates; one end of the leveling shaft is fixed on the frame through an outer half shaft and a bearing, the other end of the leveling shaft is fixedly connected with one end of an inner half shaft, and the other end of the inner half shaft is coaxially connected with a leveling output shaft of the gearbox through a coupler;
the supporting plate is fixed at the rear lower part of the frame and is positioned at the rear of the leveling device; the support plate is formed by connecting a front edge and a horizontal part, the front edge of the support plate is of a parabolic arc structure, the rear part of the horizontal part of the support plate is of a rectangular tooth-shaped structure, the groover is an inverted long frustum body, and the groover is fixed below each rectangular tooth of the horizontal part of the support plate;
the seed box is fixed at the upper rear part of the frame, a ratchet and ratchet mechanism is arranged in the middle of the square shaft, and the rocker arm is fixed on the ratchet and ratchet mechanism; the square shaft is arranged on the frame through a bearing, passes through driving square holes of all the seed metering devices, a plurality of seed metering devices are fixed at the lower part of the seed box, the upper part of each seed metering device is communicated with the seed box, and the outlet at the lower part is positioned above the area between the two slotting devices; one end of a crank is fixed on a seeding output shaft of the gearbox, the other end of the crank is hinged with one end of a connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with a rocker arm;
the two water baffles are respectively fixed on two sides of the frame, and the side furrow opener is fixed on the front lower part of the water baffles;
the floating plate is fixed at the front part of the frame;
the guard plates are fixed on the two sides and the upper surface of the frame.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned central furrow opener, the grounding angle of the furrow opening port is 30 to 70 degrees.
Preferably, the side of the screeds beyond the web is toothed.
Preferably, the front part of the groover is an inclined plane, and the inclined plane is tangent with the arc shape of the front edge of the supporting plate.
Preferably, the water baffle extends forwards beyond the frame, and the front part of the water baffle is inclined.
Preferably, the side furrow opener is also of a ship-shaped structure, the shape of the side furrow opener is the same as that of the central furrow opener, but the structural size of the side furrow opener is smaller than that of the central furrow opener.
Preferably, the power input shaft of the gearbox is connected with the power chassis through a universal transmission shaft.
Preferably, a seed metering device is arranged above the area between any two adjacent slotting devices.
Preferably, a hydraulic lifting mechanism is arranged below a power chassis of the paddy planter-ditching-leveling integrated machine.
The invention also aims to provide a ditching, leveling and sowing method for the paddy planter-ditching-leveling integrated machine by utilizing any scheme, which comprises the following steps:
the first step: under the action of a hydraulic lifting mechanism of a power chassis, the paddy planter is placed in a paddy field to be planted, power of the power chassis is transmitted to a power input shaft of a gearbox through a universal transmission shaft, the power is transmitted to a seeding output shaft and a leveling output shaft through the gearbox, the seeding output shaft drives a connecting rod to move through crank rotation, so that a rocker arm swings and a ratchet and ratchet mechanism works, and the ratchet and ratchet mechanism drives a square shaft to intermittently and unidirectionally rotate so as to intermittently rotate a seed sowing device, and seeds are intermittently discharged; the leveling output shaft of the gearbox drives the leveling shaft to rotate by using the leveling device;
and a second step of: the paddy planter-ditching-leveling integrated machine advances under the traction of the power chassis, two trapezoid shallow ditches are formed on two sides of the whole machine by utilizing the side ditcher along with the advance of the whole machine, a part of accumulated water on the surface layer of a paddy field in front of the leveling machine flows to two side surfaces and flows into the shallow ditches formed by the side ditcher under the blocking effect of the water baffle;
and a third step of: the central furrow opener is embedded into paddy soil, and as the whole machine advances, the front part of the central furrow opener pushes paddy mud to two sides, a drainage ditch is opened, and the mud which is crowded and moved upwards and the soil with uneven surface of the paddy field are stirred and pushed under the action of a rotating flattening plate of the flattening device, so that the surface of the paddy field is flattened; further compacting paddy soil at two sides of the drainage ditch through forming side boards at two sides of the central furrow opener, and opening a trapezoid drainage ditch in the middle of the working width;
fourth step: as the whole machine advances, the paddy field soil flattened by the flattening device is treated by the supporting plate, after the paddy field soil is further flattened by the arc-shaped front edge of the supporting plate, the grooving devices uniformly fixed at the rear part of the supporting plate form inter-row water storage ditches on the flattened paddy field surface, and a flattened trapezoid seed bed is formed between the two grooving devices;
fifth step: as the whole machine continues to advance, the seeds intermittently rotated and discharged by the seed sowing device intermittently fall on the trapezoid seed bed between the two slotting devices, so that the direct seeding of rice is realized;
sixth step: and (3) operating the whole paddy field according to the process, and sequentially completing the working procedures of side water storage ditch opening, middle ditching, surface leveling, trowelling, inter-row water storage ditch opening, seed bed forming and sowing in the primary operation process of the paddy direct seeding-ditching-leveling integrated machine.
The invention integrates ditching, leveling and sowing parts, and opens side water storage ditches on two sides of the working breadth through the side ditchers on two sides of the front part, so that redundant water in the working breadth is stored in the water storage ditches, and the spread of sowed seeds is avoided; evenly spreading soil with uneven rice field surface and mud with middle ditching and predation to two sides in a working range through a leveling device; soil in the paddy field is smoothed through the front part of the supporting plate, and a seed bed and an inter-row water storage groove are formed by extrusion through a grooving device at the rear side; the seed sowing device intermittently rotates through a ratchet mechanism to intermittently and quantitatively sow seeds on a seed bed; the whole machine works once to finish all working procedures of direct seeding of rice.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the ditching, land leveling, sowing and other parts of the paddy planter are integrated together, so that the paddy planter is compact in structure; the one-time operation sequentially completes the working procedures of side water storage ditch opening, middle ditching, earth surface leveling, trowelling and inter-row water storage ditch opening, seed bed forming and sowing, has high working efficiency and is suitable for agricultural requirements of paddy rice direct seeding operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an isometric view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the invention A-A.
FIG. 4 is a B-B cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partial view of the screed of the present invention.
In the figure: the seed sowing machine comprises a frame 1, a seed sowing device 2, a seed box 3, a supporting plate 4, a connecting rod 5, a gearbox 6, a power input shaft 6-1, a sowing output shaft 6-2, a leveling output shaft 6-3, a water baffle 7, a floating plate 8, a side furrow opener 9, a crank 10, a central furrow opener 11, a furrow opening port 11-1, a forming port 11-2, a bottom plate 11-3, a leveling device 12, a web plate 12-1, a leveling shaft 12-2, a leveling plate 12-3, an outer half shaft 12-4, an inner half shaft 12-5, a coupling 12-6, a ratchet and ratchet mechanism 13, a square shaft 14, a rocker 15, a grooving device 16 and a guard plate 17.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated and described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the invention can be combined correspondingly on the premise of no mutual conflict.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the integrated direct seeding-ditching-leveling machine for paddy rice comprises a frame 1, a seed sowing device 2, a seed box 3, a supporting plate 4, a connecting rod 5, a gearbox 6, a water baffle 7, a floating plate 8, a side ditcher 9, a crank 10, a central ditcher 11, a leveling device 12, a ratchet and ratchet mechanism 13, a square shaft 14, a rocker arm 15, a slotting device 16 and a guard plate 17.
The central furrow opener 11 is fixed at the middle lower part of the frame 1, and the gearbox 6 is fixed at the middle part of the frame 1. The central furrow opener 11 is in a ship shape and comprises a furrow opening port 11-1, a formed port 11-2 and a bottom plate 11-3, wherein the two furrow opening port 11-1 is fixed at the front part of the bottom plate 11-3 and connected into an inclined cone shape, the two formed ports 11-2 are obliquely fixed at two sides of the bottom plate 11-3, the front parts of the two formed ports 11-2 are fixedly connected with the furrow opening port 11-1, and the furrow opening port 11-1, the formed ports 11-2 and the bottom plate 11-3 form a ship shape with an opening at the rear part. In the whole advancing process of the paddy planter, the central furrow opener 11 is embedded into the soil of the paddy field, and the oblique cone-shaped furrow opening port 11-1 pushes the paddy field slurry to two sides to open a deeper drainage ditch. In the center shank 11, the ground contact angle of the shank head 11-1 may be set to 30 to 70 degrees.
Two screeds 12 are transversely mounted on the front lower part of the frame 1 and are respectively positioned on two sides of the central furrow opener 11. Each leveler 12 includes a leveling shaft 12-2, a web 12-1, a leveling plate 12-3, an inner half shaft 12-5, and an outer half shaft 12-4, each web 12-1 is dodecagonally shaped with six sharp corners, the leveling shaft 12-2 extends through the center of rotation of the plurality of webs 12-1, and the plurality of webs 12-1 are uniformly spaced on the leveling shaft 12-2, each web 12-1 being vertically fixed to the leveling shaft 12-2. Moreover, to facilitate the installation of the screeds 12-3, the projections of each web 12-1 along the axis of the screeds 12-2 coincide, i.e., the edges of each web 12-1 at the same location are parallel. All of the webs 12-1 on the leveling shafts 12-2 constitute a fixed structure for mounting six screeds 12-3. Since the edges of each web 12-1 in the fixed structure are parallel, these parallel edges constitute a mounting surface on which the screed plate 12-3 can be mounted. The bottom of each screed 12-3 is supported and fixed by one side of each web 12-1, and six screeds 12-3 on each web 12-1 are evenly distributed along the web 12-1 at Xiang Dengjiao degrees. Of course, the web 12-1 in the present embodiment is a dodecagon with six corners, but in other embodiments, the web 12-1 may have four to nine corners, the number of screeds 12-3 may be equal to the number of corners of the web 12-1, and the screeds may be mounted on the web at a predetermined helix angle according to the operation requirements.
The leveling shaft 12-2 drives each of the webs 12-1 and the leveling plates 12-3 to rotate during rotation, and the side edges of the leveling plates 12-3 extend beyond the webs 12-1, so that the lower paddy soil surface can be stirred and pushed. The side of the flattening plate 12-3 beyond the web plate 12-1 may be flat, triangular, trapezoidal or other tooth-shaped, preferably tooth-shaped. One end of the leveling shaft 12-2 is connected with the outer half shaft 12-4, the outer half shaft 12-4 is fixed on the frame 1 through a bearing, the other end of the leveling shaft 12-2 is connected and fixed with one end of the inner half shaft 12-5, and the other end of the inner half shaft 12-5 is coaxially connected with the leveling output shaft 6-3 of the gearbox 6 through a coupler 12-6. The leveling shafts 12-2 on the two-sided screeds 12 can thus be driven in rotation by the gearbox 6. The power input shaft 6-1 of the gearbox 6 is connected with a power chassis through a universal transmission shaft, and the power chassis can provide output power.
The pallet 4 is horizontally fixed to the rear lower portion of the frame 1 and is located behind the screeds 12, and the plane of the pallet 4 needs to be higher than the rotation lowest point of the screeds 12-3 on the screeds 12. The support plate 4 is formed by connecting a front edge and a horizontal part, the front edge of the support plate 4 is of a parabolic arc-shaped structure, the rear part of the horizontal part of the support plate 4 is of a rectangular tooth-shaped structure, the groover 16 is an inverted long frustum body, a groover 16 is fixed below each rectangular tooth of the horizontal part of the support plate 4, the front part of the groover 16 is an inclined plane, and the inclined plane is tangent with the arc of the front edge of the support plate 4. During the advancing process of the integrated machine, the horizontal part of the supporting plate 4 can be used for trowelling the soil surface, and the groover 16 can be used for digging a row-to-row water storage ditch on the trowelled soil surface. In this embodiment, there are 8 groovers 16, 4 on each side.
The seed boxes 3 are fixed at the upper rear part of the frame 1, two seed boxes 3 are respectively positioned above the two leveling devices 12, and the structures of the two sides are the same. 4 seed metering devices 2 are arranged below each seed box 3 on each side, a ratchet and ratchet mechanism 13 is arranged in the middle of one square shaft 14, and a rocker arm 15 is fixed on the ratchet and ratchet mechanism 13. The square shaft 14 is arranged on the frame 1 through a bearing, the square shaft 14 penetrates through driving square holes of all 4 seed metering devices 2, the 4 seed metering devices 2 are fixed at the lower part of the seed box 3, the upper part of each seed metering device 2 is communicated with the seed box 3, the lower outlets of the 3 seed metering devices 2 are positioned above the area between the two grooving devices 16, the lower outlets of the edge-most seed metering devices 2 are positioned above the area between the edge-most grooving device 16 and the side furrow opener 9, and the areas are all areas needing seeding. One end of a crank 10 is fixed on a seeding output shaft 6-2 of the gearbox 6, the other end of the crank 10 is hinged with one end of a connecting rod 5, and the other end of the connecting rod 5 is hinged with a rocker arm 15. Therefore, the seeding output shaft 6-2 of the gearbox 6 rotates through the crank 10 to drive the connecting rod 5 to move, the other end of the connecting rod 5 further drives the rocker arm 15 to swing, the rocker arm 15 further drives the ratchet mechanism 13 to work, the ratchet mechanism 13 drives the square shaft 14 fixed by the ratchet mechanism 13 to intermittently and unidirectionally rotate, the square shaft 14 drives the square hole of the seeding apparatus 2 to intermittently rotate, and seeds are intermittently discharged and fall into a region needing seeding.
In addition, two breakwaters 7 are fixed in frame 1 both sides respectively, and breakwaters 7 face direction is the same with the all-in-one direction of advance. The side furrow opener 9 is fixed at the front lower part of the water baffle 7. The water deflector 7 extends forward beyond the frame 1, the front of the water deflector 7 being inclined. The side furrow opener 9 is also of a boat-shaped structure, and has the same shape as the central furrow opener 11, but the structural dimension is reduced in equal proportion to the central furrow opener 11. In the propelling process of the integrated machine, the side furrow opener 9 is pressed into soil to form two trapezoidal shallow ditches, the water baffle 7 is arranged above the side furrow opener 9, so that accumulated water on the surface layer of a paddy field in front of the leveler 12 can be blocked, the accumulated water flows into the shallow ditches formed by the side furrow opener 9, and the shallow ditches can be used for placing sowed seeds to be dispersed.
A floating plate 8 is also fixed at the front part of the frame 1, and guard plates 17 are fixed on both sides and the upper surface of the frame 1 for protecting the internal structure. The hydraulic lifting mechanism can be arranged below the power chassis of the whole paddy planter-ditching-leveling integrated machine, so that the integrated machine has the moving capability and the autonomous lifting capability.
The ditching, leveling and sowing method based on the paddy planter, ditching and leveling integrated machine comprises the following steps:
the first step: under the action of a hydraulic lifting mechanism of a power chassis, the paddy planter is placed in a paddy field to be planted, power of the power chassis is transmitted to a power input shaft 6-1 of a gearbox 6 through a universal transmission shaft, the power is transmitted to a seeding output shaft 6-2 and a leveling output shaft 6-3 through the gearbox 6, the seeding output shaft 6-2 rotates through a crank 10 to drive a connecting rod 5 to move, so that a rocker arm 15 swings and a ratchet mechanism 13 works, and the ratchet mechanism 13 drives a square shaft 14 to intermittently and unidirectionally rotate to intermittently rotate a seed sowing device 2, so that seeds are intermittently discharged; the leveling output shaft 6-3 of the gearbox 6 drives the leveling shaft 12-2 to rotate by using the leveling device 12;
and a second step of: the paddy planter-ditching-leveling integrated machine advances under the traction of the power chassis, two trapezoid shallow ditches are formed on two sides of the whole machine by utilizing the side ditcher 9 along with the advance of the whole machine, a part of accumulated water on the surface layer of a paddy field in front of the leveling device 12 flows to two sides, and flows into the shallow ditches formed by the side ditcher 9 under the blocking action of the water baffle 7;
and a third step of: the central furrow opener 11 is embedded into paddy soil, as the whole machine advances, the front part of the central furrow opener 11 is provided with a furrow port 11-1 to push paddy mud to two sides, a drainage ditch is opened, and mud which is crowded and moved upwards and soil with uneven paddy surface are stirred and pushed under the action of a rotary flattening plate 12-3 of the flattening device 12, so that the paddy surface is flattened; further compacting paddy soil at two sides of the drainage ditch through forming side boards 11-2 at two sides of the central furrow opener 11, and opening a deeper trapezoid drainage ditch in the middle of the working width;
fourth step: as the whole machine advances, the paddy field soil flattened by the flattening device 12 is treated by the supporting plate 4, after the paddy field soil is further flattened by the arc-shaped front edge of the supporting plate 4, shallow inter-row water storage grooves are formed on the flattened paddy field surface by the slotting devices 16 uniformly fixed at the rear part of the supporting plate 4, and a flattened trapezoid seed bed is formed between the two slotting devices 16;
fifth step: as the whole machine continues to advance, the seeds intermittently rotated and discharged by the seed sowing device 2 intermittently fall on the trapezoid seed bed between the two slotting devices 16, so that the direct seeding of rice is realized;
sixth step: and (3) operating the whole paddy field according to the process, and sequentially completing the working procedures of side water storage ditch opening, middle ditching, surface leveling, trowelling, inter-row water storage ditch opening, seed bed forming and sowing in the primary operation process of the paddy direct seeding-ditching-leveling integrated machine.
The above embodiment is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all the technical schemes obtained by adopting the equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a paddy rice direct seeding-ditching-flattening all-in-one which characterized in that: the seed sowing device comprises a frame (1), a seed sowing device (2), a seed box (3), a supporting plate (4), a connecting rod (5), a gearbox (6), a water baffle (7), a floating plate (8), a side furrow opener (9), a crank (10), a central furrow opener (11), a leveling device (12), a ratchet and ratchet mechanism (13), a square shaft (14), a rocker arm (15), a furrow opener (16) and a guard plate (17);
the central furrow opener (11) is fixed at the middle lower part of the frame (1), and the gearbox (6) is fixed at the middle part of the frame (1); the central ditcher (11) is in a ship shape and comprises a ditching port (11-1), a forming port (11-2) and a bottom plate (11-3), wherein the two ditching port (11-1) are fixed at the front part of the bottom plate (11-3) and are obliquely conical, the two forming ports (11-2) are obliquely fixed at two sides of the bottom plate (11-3), the front parts of the two forming ports (11-2) are fixedly connected with the ditching port (11-1), and the ditching port (11-1), the forming port (11-2) and the bottom plate (11-3) form a ship shape with an opening at the rear part;
the two leveling devices (12) are transversely arranged at the front lower part of the frame (1) and are respectively positioned at two sides of the central furrow opener (11); each leveling device (12) comprises a leveling shaft (12-2), a web (12-1), leveling plates (12-3), an inner half shaft (12-5) and an outer half shaft (12-4), wherein the web (12-1) is in a dodecagon shape with six sharp corners, the leveling shafts (12-2) penetrate through the rotation centers of the webs (12-1), the webs (12-1) are uniformly distributed at intervals on the leveling shafts (12-2), each web (12-1) is vertically fixed with the leveling shaft (12-2), and the projections of the webs (12-1) along the axial direction of the leveling shafts (12-2) are overlapped; all the webs (12-1) on the leveling shaft (12-2) form a fixing structure for installing six leveling plates (12-3), the bottom of the plate surface of each leveling plate (12-3) is supported and fixed by one edge of each web (12-1), the six leveling plates (12-3) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the web (12-1), and the side edges of the leveling plates (12-3) exceed the web (12-1); one end of the leveling shaft (12-2) is fixed on the frame (1) through an outer half shaft (12-4) and a bearing, the other end of the leveling shaft is fixedly connected with one end of an inner half shaft (12-5), and the other end of the inner half shaft (12-5) is coaxially connected with a leveling output shaft (6-3) of the gearbox (6) through a coupler (12-6);
the supporting plate (4) is fixed at the rear lower part of the frame (1) and is positioned at the rear of the leveling device (12); the support plate (4) is formed by connecting a front edge and a horizontal part, the front edge of the support plate (4) is of a parabolic arc structure, the rear part of the horizontal part of the support plate (4) is of a rectangular tooth-shaped structure, the groover (16) is an inverted long frustum body, and the groover (16) is fixed below each rectangular tooth of the horizontal part of the support plate (4);
the seed box (3) is fixed at the upper rear part of the frame (1), a ratchet and ratchet mechanism (13) is arranged in the middle of the square shaft (14), and a rocker arm (15) is fixed on the ratchet and ratchet mechanism (13); the square shaft (14) is arranged on the frame (1) through a bearing, the square shaft (14) penetrates through driving square holes of all the seed metering devices (2), a plurality of seed metering devices (2) are fixed at the lower part of the seed box (3), the upper part of each seed metering device (2) is communicated with the seed box (3), and the lower outlet is positioned above the area between the two slotting devices (16); one end of a crank (10) is fixed on a seeding output shaft (6-2) of the gearbox (6), the other end of the crank (10) is hinged with one end of a connecting rod (5), and the other end of the connecting rod (5) is hinged with a rocker arm (15);
two water baffles (7) are respectively fixed at two sides of the frame (1), and a side furrow opener (9) is fixed at the front lower part of the water baffles (7);
the floating plate (8) is fixed at the front part of the frame (1);
the guard plates (17) are fixed on the two sides and the upper surface of the frame (1);
in the central furrow opener (11), the grounding angle of the furrow opening port (11-1) is 30-70 degrees;
the side of the flattening plate (12-3) beyond the web plate (12-1) is toothed.
2. The integrated direct seeding, ditching and leveling machine for paddy rice according to claim 1, wherein the front part of the slotter (16) is an inclined plane, and the inclined plane is tangent to the arc shape of the front edge of the supporting plate (4).
3. The integrated direct seeding-ditching-leveling machine for paddy rice according to claim 1, wherein the water baffle (7) extends forward beyond the frame (1), and the front part of the water baffle (7) is inclined.
4. The integrated direct seeding, ditching and leveling machine for paddy rice according to claim 1, wherein the side ditching device (9) is also of a boat-shaped structure, and has the same shape as the central ditching device (11) but a smaller structural size than the central ditching device (11).
5. The paddy planter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power input shaft (6-1) of the gearbox (6) is connected to the power chassis via a universal drive shaft.
6. The integrated direct seeding, ditching and leveling machine for paddy rice according to claim 1, wherein a seed metering device (2) is arranged above the area between any two adjacent slotting devices (16).
7. The direct seeding, ditching and leveling integrated machine for paddy rice according to claim 1, wherein a hydraulic lifting mechanism is arranged below a power chassis of the direct seeding, ditching and leveling integrated machine for paddy rice.
8. A ditching, leveling and sowing method using the paddy planter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:
the first step: under the action of a hydraulic lifting mechanism of a power chassis, the integrated machine for direct seeding, ditching and leveling of paddy rice is placed in a paddy field to be directly sowed, power of the power chassis is transmitted to a power input shaft (6-1) of a gearbox (6) through a universal transmission shaft, the power is transmitted to a seeding output shaft (6-2) and a leveling output shaft (6-3) through the gearbox (6), the seeding output shaft (6-2) rotates through a crank (10) to drive a connecting rod (5) to move, so that a rocker arm (15) swings and a ratchet-ratchet mechanism (13) works, and the ratchet-ratchet mechanism (13) drives a square shaft (14) to intermittently rotate in a unidirectional manner, so that the seeding device (2) intermittently rotates and seeds are intermittently discharged; a leveling output shaft (6-3) of the gearbox (6) drives the leveling shaft (12-2) to rotate by using the leveling device (12);
and a second step of: the paddy planter-ditching-leveling integrated machine advances under the traction of a power chassis, two trapezoid shallow ditches are formed on two sides of the whole machine by utilizing the side ditcher (9) along with the advance of the whole machine, part of accumulated water on the surface layer of a paddy field in front of the leveling device (12) flows to two side surfaces, and flows into the shallow ditches formed by the side ditcher (9) under the blocking effect of the water baffle (7);
and a third step of: the central furrow opener (11) is embedded into paddy soil, as the whole machine advances, a furrow opening port (11-1) at the front part of the central furrow opener (11) pushes paddy mud to two sides, drainage ditches are formed, mud which is crowded and moved upwards and soil with uneven paddy surface are stirred and pushed under the action of a rotary flattening plate (12-3) of the flattening device (12), so that the paddy surface is flattened; further compacting paddy soil at two sides of the drainage ditch through forming side boards (11-2) at two sides of the central furrow opener (11), and opening a trapezoid drainage ditch in the middle of the working width;
fourth step: as the whole machine advances, the paddy field soil flattened by the flattening device (12) is treated by the supporting plate (4), after the paddy field soil is further flattened by the arc-shaped front edge of the supporting plate (4), the grooving devices (16) uniformly fixed at the rear part of the supporting plate (4) open inter-row water storage ditches on the flattened paddy field surface, and a flattened trapezoid seed bed is formed between the two grooving devices (16);
fifth step: as the whole machine continues to advance, the seeds intermittently rotated and discharged by the seed sowing device (2) intermittently fall on the trapezoid seed bed between the two slotting devices (16), so that the direct seeding of rice is realized;
sixth step: and (3) operating the whole paddy field according to the process, and sequentially completing the working procedures of side water storage ditch opening, middle ditching, surface leveling, trowelling, inter-row water storage ditch opening, seed bed forming and sowing in the primary operation process of the paddy direct seeding-ditching-leveling integrated machine.
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