CN109859861A - It is a kind of based on carbon nanotube without reactor core between the extra small compact lost of coolant - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on carbon nanotube without reactor core between the extra small compact lost of coolant Download PDFInfo
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- CN109859861A CN109859861A CN201910139699.2A CN201910139699A CN109859861A CN 109859861 A CN109859861 A CN 109859861A CN 201910139699 A CN201910139699 A CN 201910139699A CN 109859861 A CN109859861 A CN 109859861A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of based on carbon nanotube without reactor core between the extra small compact lost of coolant, reactor core shape square on x/y plane, it is followed successively by neutron source region, fuel region, the first echo area (comprising controlling drum area), blind zone outward from its center by radial direction, is followed successively by power generation hot end area, blind zone, the second echo area, fuel region, gas chamber, third echo area, blind zone from top to bottom by axial.Fuel region is made of fuel rod lattice cell, and fuel rod is arranged by square grid, and periphery original coolant area filling is carbon nano-tube material, and fuel rod, which releases energy, is transmitted to power generation hot end area by heat exchange pattern through carbon nanotube.Controlling drum area includes 8 cylindrical control drums, and heap, shutdown and steady-state operation function are opened in rotatable different angle realization.The reactor core heat conduction efficiency is high, and no coolant, structure is simple, compact, has the function of that ultra-small volume, core loading amount are few, safe and economical.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear reactor technology fields, and in particular to a kind of to use carbon nanotube as Heat Conduction Material and without right
Reactor core between the extra small compact lost of stream heat exchange mode.
Background technique
With continuous exploration of the mankind to space, in more and more space tasks, conventional energy resource (chemical energy, the sun
Can) demand is had been unable to meet, advanced nuclear reactor for space power supply becomes inevitable even unique selection.Compare conventional chemical
The energy, nuclear energy have higher power density, and brilliant performance advantage makes it can be used as nuclear reactor power supply power supply scheme application
In a variety of civil space missions such as deep space exploration, star catalogue base, Earth's orbit application.Early in the 1960s, the U.S. and
Nuclear energy has just been successfully applied to space by Liang Ge superpower, the former Soviet Union.April nineteen sixty-five, the U.S. have succeeded in sending up in the world first
A nuclear reactor for space power supply SNAP-10A.So far, the U.S. and the former Soviet Union succeeded in sending up 35 equipped with space core it is anti-
Answer the spacecraft of heap power supply.
Nuclear reactor for space power technology is typical dual-use technology, and research and development will be to national military strategy with application
With technology, deep space Science Explorations, expand human living space and exploitation extraterrestrial resources etc. and generate significant impact.Into 21 century
Afterwards, the research and development plan of US and Russia's correlation space nuclear reactor power supply moves forward steadily, and China is also specifically shown in following deep space exploration and appoints
By application space nuclear power in business, when entering gold development as the space Nuclear Power Technology of representative using nuclear reactor for space power supply
Phase.
Nuclear reactor for space power supply is with power density is high, light-weight, small in size, the service life is long, it is small to be affected by the external environment
The features such as, it is the indispensable power supply of the following deep space exploration.Nuclear reactor for space can be divided mainly into the way of Core cooling
Three categories: heat pipe cooled reactor, liquid-metal cooled reactor and Gas-Cooled Reactor.Wherein, the cooling reaction of heat pipe
Heap uses passive heat transfer technology, and it is excellent to have that inherent safety is high, operability is good, high reliablity and low-maintenance require etc.
Point is the hot spot of currently advanced space based reactor development.As monodimension nanometer material, carbon nanotubes are light, have good
Mechanics, electricity and chemical property, pyroconductivity is high, can be used as heat conducting material.Designed space based reactor has no at present
Using carbon nanotube as Heat Conduction Material, and the type of cooling proposed mainly uses heat convection, one kind proposed by the invention
Using carbon nanotube as Heat Conduction Material and between the extra small compact lost without heat convection mode, reactor core (react by microminiature
Heap concept is proposed by U.S. national defense committee task force team, refers to that output power is lower than 10 megawatts of reactor) have no document
Report.
Summary of the invention
The technology of the present invention solves the problems, such as: overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide it is a kind of using carbon nanotube as heat conduction material
Material without reactor core between the extra small compact lost of coolant, the reactor core heat conduction efficiency is high, no coolant, and structure is simple, tight
It gathers, has the function of that ultra-small volume, core loading amount are few, safe and economical.
The present invention adopts the following technical solutions: anti-between a kind of thermally conductive no extra small compact lost of coolant based on carbon nanotube
Heap reactor core is answered, the reactor core is based on carbon nanotube and designs as Heat Conduction Material.Reactor core, which releases energy, passes through carbon
Nanotube is transmitted to power generation hot end area with heat exchange pattern, then generates electricity through heat to electricity conversion.
The reactor core shape is square arrangement, is followed successively by neutron source region 1, fuel outward from its center by radial direction
Area, the first echo area 3, blind zone 5 are followed successively by power generation hot end area 6, blind zone 5, the second echo area 7, combustion by axial from top to bottom
Expect area 2, gas chamber 8, third echo area 9, blind zone 5；First echo area 3 includes to control drum area 4.
The fuel region 2 is made of fuel rod lattice cell, and fuel rod is arranged by square grid, the former coolant in fuel rod periphery
Area filling is carbon nano-tube material, and fuel rod, which releases energy, is transmitted to power generation hot end by heat exchange pattern through carbon nanotube
Area 6.
The fuel rod, which releases energy, is transmitted to power generation hot end area 6 by heat exchange pattern through carbon nanotube, does not use
General coolant heat transfer type and use heat exchange pattern, using the high i.e. carbon nanotube of 3000W/mK of thermal coefficient by reactor core
It inside releases energy and is transmitted to out-pile, generated electricity by Stirling technology or temperature-difference thermoelectric prescription with ingredients even in number formula；The reactor core heat conduction efficiency is high, nothing
Coolant, structure is simple, compact, has the function of that ultra-small volume, core loading amount are few, safe and economical.
Control drum area 4 includes 8 cylindrical control drums 10, and cylinder control drum drum is interior half-and-half to be divided equally, and half is anti-
Material BeO22 is penetrated, half is neutron absorber material B4C23 controls drum different rotation angle realization and opens heap, shutdown and steady-state operation
Function.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the advantage that
(1) reactor core, which releases energy, is transmitted to power generation hot end area by heat exchange pattern through carbon nanotube, and carbon nanotube is thermally conductive
Coefficient is high, and capacity of heat transmission is strong, is conducive to heat to electricity conversion.
(2) reactor core transmits heat using heat exchange pattern, does not use general coolant heat transfer type, can mitigate reactor
Quality, core structure can be simpler, compact, and there is no the cold accident of mistake, advantageous to safety.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is lateral arrangement figure of the invention；
Fig. 2 is of the invention to be longitudinally arranged figure；
Fig. 3 is the lateral arrangement figure of fuel rod lattice cell；
Fig. 4 is that fuel rod lattice cell is longitudinally arranged figure；
Fig. 5 is the lateral arrangement figure of neutron source lattice cell；
Fig. 6 is that neutron source lattice cell is longitudinally arranged figure.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further explained below with reference to example.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of extra small compact space based reactor without coolant based on carbon nanotube of the invention
Reactor core, reactor core shape square, is followed successively by neutron source region 1, fuel region 2, the first echo area 3 from its center outward on x/y plane
(comprising controlling drum area 4), blind zone 5, by it is axial be followed successively by from top to bottom power generation hot end area 6, blind zone 5, the second echo area 7,
Fuel region 2, gas chamber 8, third echo area 9, blind zone 5.Reactor core total height 61cm (including the high-incidence electric heating petiolarea 6 of 10cm), side length
41cm, wherein active region side length 24cm, axial height 30cm.As shown in Figure 2,3, neutron source 1 runs through entire reactor core, from fuel region
2 are followed successively by the second echo area 7, blind zone 5, power generation hot end area 6 to upper end distribution, and it is anti-to be followed successively by gas chamber 8, third to lower end distribution
Penetrate area 9, blind zone 5.
As shown in Fig. 2,5,6, neutron source region 1 is located at reactor core center, provides reactor ignition function, including neutron source
14 three parts of ontology 11, cushion block 12 and involucrum, there are gaps 13 between ontology, cushion block and involucrum.11 material of neutron source ontology uses
Am-Be, half-life period 458 years, shape was cylindrical, radius 0.39cm, height 1.7cm, was located at reactor core center；Neutron source ontology 11
Axial be cushion block area 12 above and below, and material uses Al2O3, shape is cylindrical, radius 0.39cm, total height 48.3cm；Neutron source sheet
Body and Al2O3Periphery is gap 13, vacuum, internal diameter 0.78cm, outer diameter 0.8657cm, height 50cm；Involucrum 14 is located at outside gap
It encloses, material uses SS316L steel, internal diameter 0.8657cm, outer diameter 2cm, height 50cm.The upper and lower top of neutron source is blind zone 5,
Material uses SS316L steel, and radius 2cm is highly 0.5cm.
As shown in Figure 3,4, fuel region 2 is made of fuel rod lattice cell 15, side length 24cm, height 51cm.Fuel rod lattice cell 15
By radial direction at 24 × 24 square arrangements, remove after the neutron source region of reactor core center totally 572, side length 1cm, including fuel rod 16
With carbon nanotube Heat Conduction Material 18.Fuel rod 16 is located at lattice cell center, radial distribution are as follows: 17 radius of fuel pellet
0.425cm, 19 radial thickness 0.017cm of gap, 20 material of involucrum use SS316L steel, radial thickness 0.057cm.Fuel rod 16
Axial total height 51cm presses axial direction from top to bottom successively are as follows: involucrum 21, material use SS316L steel, height 0.5cm；Second is anti-
Area 7 is penetrated, material uses SS316L steel, height 5cm；Active region, that is, fuel pellet combination 17, material uses UN, U235 degree of enrichment
65%, mass density 13.59g/cm3, height 30cm；Gas chamber 8, vacuum, height 10cm；Third echo area 9, material use BeO,
Height 5cm；Involucrum 21, material use SS316L steel, height 0.5cm.Carbon nanotube 18 is located at 16 periphery of fuel rod, internal diameter
0.998cm, outer side length 1cm, height 51cm.Fission reaction occurs in the fuel region 2, after fuel adsorption neutron to release energy,
It is transmitted to carbon nanotube through involucrum, then power generation hot end area 6 is transmitted to by heat exchange pattern through carbon nanotube, is sent out through heat to electricity conversion
Electricity.The energy transmission mode does not use general coolant heat transfer type and uses heat exchange pattern, high using thermal coefficient
Carbon nanotube heap in-core released energy be transmitted to out-pile.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the first echo area 3 is located at 2 periphery of fuel region, and shape is back-shaped on x/y plane, interior square side
Long 12cm, outer square side length 20cm, height 50cm, material use BeO, and for BeO in addition to having good reflecting properties, there are also outstanding
Neutron multiplication performance will be gone back by the neutron reflection that fuel region 2 comes out through radial leakage by the first echo area 3.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, controlling drum area 4 includes 8 cylindrical control drums 10, is sat with 45 degree of angles with x/y in x/y plane
Mark is uniformly distributed in the first echo area 3；Drum radius 3.5cm, height 50cm are controlled, is half-and-half divided equally in drum, half is anti-
Material BeO22 is penetrated, half is neutron absorber material B4Heap, shutdown and steady-state operation function are opened in C23, rotatable different angle realization
Energy.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, blind zone 5 is located at 3 periphery of the first echo area, and shape is back-shaped, internal side length on x/y plane
20cm, external side length 20.5cm, height 51cm, material use SS316L steel, and main shielding is leaked out from by the first echo area 3
Neutron, reduce neutron to the neutron irradiation damages of reactor core peripheral components.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, power generation hot end area 6 is located at 5 top of reactor core blind zone, and shape is square on x/y plane, side length
41cm, height 10cm, using carbon nanotube Heat Conduction Material identical with heap in-core, the carbon nanotube phase that extends out with heap in-core
Even, heap in-core thermal energy is received, can be generated electricity by Stirling technology or temperature-difference thermoelectric prescription with ingredients even in number formula.
Claims (5)
1. it is a kind of based on carbon nanotube without reactor core between the extra small compact lost of coolant, it is characterised in that: the reaction
Heap reactor core is based on carbon nanotube and designs as Heat Conduction Material, and reactor core releases energy through carbon nanotube with heat exchange pattern
It is transmitted to power generation hot end area, then is generated electricity through heat to electricity conversion.
2. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on carbon nanotube without reactor core between the extra small compact lost of coolant,
It is characterized by: the reactor core shape is square arrangement, by radial direction from its center be followed successively by outward neutron source region 1,
Fuel region, the first echo area, blind zone are followed successively by power generation hot end area, blind zone, the second echo area, combustion by axial from top to bottom
Expect area, gas chamber, third echo area, blind zone；First echo area includes to control drum area.
3. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on carbon nanotube without reactor core between the extra small compact lost of coolant,
It is characterized by: the fuel region is made of fuel rod lattice cell, fuel rod is arranged by square grid, and fuel rod periphery is former cooling
Agent area filling is carbon nano-tube material, and fuel rod, which releases energy, is transmitted to power generation heat by heat exchange pattern through carbon nanotube
Petiolarea.
4. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on carbon nanotube without reactor core between the extra small compact lost of coolant,
It is characterized by: the fuel rod lattice cell is by radial at 24 × 24 square arrangements.
5. it is according to claim 1 it is a kind of based on carbon nanotube without reactor core between the extra small compact lost of coolant,
It is characterized by: control drum area includes 8 cylindrical control drums, half-and-half divide equally in cylinder control drum drum, half is anti-
Material BeO22 is penetrated, half is neutron absorber material B4C23 controls drum different rotation angle realization and opens heap, shutdown and steady-state operation
Function.
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Cited By (2)
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| US10748667B1 (en) | 2020-01-08 | 2020-08-18 | John S. Alden | Nuclear fission passive safety and cooling system |
| WO2022248418A1 (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-12-01 | Soletanche Freyssinet S.A.S. | Thermal power reactor |
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| WO2022248418A1 (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-12-01 | Soletanche Freyssinet S.A.S. | Thermal power reactor |
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