CN105023621A - Fast reactor type coupling nuclear reaction implementation method and nuclear reactor for same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fast reactor type coupling nuclear reaction implementation method and a nuclear reactor for same. The main contents comprise: a fast reactor type coupling nuclear reaction implementation method, a reactor modular design approach, a fast reactor type coupling nuclear reactor, a reactor core, a fuel element, a nuclear control system, and a proliferation fuel system. The fast reactor type coupling nuclear reactor mainly combusts thorium and nuclear waste, and has inherent security. The reactor main container is composed of a fission pool and a moderating pool that are completely isolated from each other but coupling to each other. A primary coolant is separated from a moderator. A thermal insulation layer is disposed between the fission pool and the moderating pool so that both can perform neutron exchange but heat exchange is blocked. Fast neutrons produced by the fission pool and moderated neutrons reflected by the moderating pool may enable the reactor core to simultaneously perform coupling nuclear reaction of the two types of neutrons. The moderating pool may be provided with the nuclear control system, and ex-core coupling core control may be implemented. The moderating pool is provided with a thorium purification fuel system, and on-line extraction of the purification fuel can be performed, and separation of nuclide is safe and simple, thereby providing a solution to the technical bottleneck of "thorium reactor".

Description

The implementation method of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction and nuclear reactor thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to the method for fission-type reactor and operation thereof.

Background technology

On the earth, the nucleic of known available heavy nuclear fission transforms combination two groups of U-238/Pu-239 and Th-232/U-233, corresponding main nuclear fuel material respectively: the former corresponding natural uranium, nuke rubbish (comprising depleted uranium), what the latter was corresponding is thorium.Except nuclear fusion energy, the energy on the known earth contained by thorium uranium much larger than the summation of other fossil energy reserves, wherein larger than uranium 4 times of thorium reserves.If employing fast reactor, nuclear fuel utilization can bring up to 60-70%, and optimistic estimation thinks that the whole world can utilize thorium uranium resource can maintain whole energy demands of the mankind more than 20,000 years.But the fuel availability of current main force's nuclear power technology-presurized water reactor only has trivial 0.17%(to calculate with natural uranium), the nuke rubbish amount of generation is large, also has the danger of high pressure blast.Obvious presurized water reactor can not as the developing direction of following nuclear power, nuclear power industry more and more admits the exploitation of the advanced nuclear power based on fast reactor, start to show up prominently with the Generation Ⅳ that gas-cooled reactor and plumbous cold dome are representative, be pushing hands with ADS and thorium reactor the 5th generation nuclear power technology research and development also in quietly carrying out.

The conversion of U-238/Pu-239 has not been problem in fast reactor, but the conversion of Th-232/U-233 is just different, the half life period that intermediate product Pa-233 decays into U-233 reaches 27 days, decay needs 300 days completely, oversize concerning this time reactor, bring difficulty to the operation and control of reactor.The acquisition of first dress main fuel U-233 is very difficult, and main cause is: the gamma-rays of thorium base spentnuclear fuel is strong; The thorium base oxide pole indissoluble solution sintered in spentnuclear fuel; The Pa-233 accumulated in reactor core in reactor operation process easily captures neutron and is converted into not fissile element, can reduce the productive rate of U-233.These difficult problems are not effectively solved so far, although the approach adopting accelerator spallation neutron target irradiation Th-232 acquisition U-233 to be also, because bevatron cost and energy consumption are too high, and are difficult to long-time steady operation, unsuitable large-scale promotion.It is generally acknowledged that best solution route is reactor On-line testing intermediate product Pa-233.

in the evolution of thorium energy, the most unforgettable is " thorium fluoride MSR ", once attempts the intermediate product Pa-233 that On-line testing thorium/uranium transforms in the test of thorium fluoride MSR.Regrettably the nuclear reactor of this brilliance has surmounted the limit of materialogy, and the special Hastelloy-N alloy of the most resistance to fused salt corrosion is in operation and also there occurs dangerous loop intercrystalline corrosion.The possibility of capturing a material corrosion difficult problem for MSR is at present still remote, even if captured a material corrosion difficult problem in the future, high material and operating cost also will become the ditch being difficult to go beyond.Also there are two weakness in MSR: the function that primary Ioops fused salt is born is too much, and Multifunctional binding causes mutual restriction; High radioactivity and the primary Ioops fused salt of complicated component frequently must carry out the purification process of highly energy-consuming, online fused salt complex management and large from power consumption.

twentieth century five, the sixties, the people such as U.S. Argonne laboratory R.AVERY propose and research and develop too fast-thermal neutron coupling breeder reactor, reactor core comprises fast neutron spectrum reactor core and thermal neutron spectrum reactor core, fast neutron spectrum reactor core makes moderator with saturated vapor, to obtain harder neutron spectrum, thermal neutron spectrum reactor core does moderator with pressure (hydraulic) water.Chinese scholar Zhang Yuman and Li Yu ram proposed the water-cooled two-region fertile nuclei reactor of similar designs in 2008.In one nine six 〇 ages, in order to improve the nuclear power station thermal efficiency, save nuclear fuel, GE (GE) researched and developed and produced saturated vapour in boiling-water reactor, made reactor core produce harder neutron spectrum, formed fast-thermal neutron mixing energy spectral pattern reactor.Strictly, the reactor core of these designs all uses water or water vapour to make moderator, and fast neutron amount is few, and power spectrum still belongs to thermal neutron category, and because engineering difficulty is greater than presurized water reactor, economy is not high, does not all obtain engineering construction so far.

if expand the research of " fast-thermal neutron coupling nuclear reaction " further, the new way developing atypical nuclear power technology perhaps can be found.Can fast neutron reactor core carry out soon-thermal neutron coupling nuclear reaction? moderator and fast neutron reactor core can be isolated? can the function binding of moderator and cooling medium be removed? moderator can be used outward to improve the nuclear reaction efficiency of fast reactor at reactor core? whether can reduce the physical condition in nuclear reaction container, and implement breed fuel On-line testing? up to now, do not find about use in fast reactor moderator or based on fast neutron reactor core fast-thermal neutron coupling nuclear reactor pertinent literature.

Summary of the invention

" thorium breed fuel On-line testing " and " thorium/uranium Efficient Conversion and safe separating " problem are long-standing, have been the gordian technique bottleneck of restriction " thorium nuclear reactor " research and development since six more than ten years always, become one large century a difficult problem.Some defects that the object of the invention is for an above-mentioned difficult problem and current nuclear power technology provide a solution.

The present invention relates to fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction, this nuclear reaction be based on fast neutron reactor core fast-thermal neutron coupling nuclear reaction, its specific implementation method is:

(1), reactor primary tank is split as mutually completely isolated fission pond and slowing down pond; The built-in moderator in slowing down pond; Fission arranges reactor core in pond, and reactor core has fast neutron reactor core characteristic; Be separated with Main Coolant by moderator, fission pond and reactor core are without moderator, and Main Coolant does not pass through slowing down pond by fission pond.

(2), by fission pond and slowing down pond mutually inlay or packaged type combination, make both 26S Proteasome Structure and Function couplings; Between fission pond and slowing down pond, thermofin is set, the heat interchange of both obstructs, slowing down pond is controlled in the state close to normal temperature and pressure.

(3), allow neutron through the structure fission pond and slowing down pond, make fission pond can carry out neutron exchange with slowing down pond and carry out being coupled nuclear reaction, the fast neutron that reactor core produces and the coupling nuclear reaction that reactor core can be made simultaneously to carry out fast neutron and degraded neutron (comprising thermal neutron and intermediate neutron) cause from the degraded neutron that the internal reflection of slowing down pond enters fission pond, fission pond has characteristic and the function of fast neutron reactor, can carry out thermal neutron nuclear reaction (as thermal neutron capture reaction) in slowing down pond.

(4), optimize reactor primary containment structure and material, the neutron exchanging window of large area thin-wall configuration is set at reactor primary tank sidewall, while guarantee structural strength, increase neutron exchange efficiency.

(5), in slowing down pond coupling core Ore-controlling Role is set, utilizes coupling nuclear reaction to implement coupling core control and non-active shutdown.Utilize the controllability displacement in the degraded neutron function of moderator and the controllability of moderator or slowing down pond, exchange by the neutron changed between fission pond and slowing down pond the reactivity controlling reactor core; Non-active method is used to make slowing down pond discharge slowing down liquid or fast offset slowing down pond fast during shutdown, slowing down pond loses moderation of neutrons function, stop slowing down pond and carry degraded neutron to reactor core, the reactive decline fast of reactor core causes chain reaction of nuclear fission not maintain, thus realizes non-active shutdown.

(6), utilize the high efficiency of thermal neutron nuclear reaction, in slowing down pond close under the condition of normal temperature and pressure, implement the On-line testing of Nuclear fuel breeding and breed fuel, realize Pa-233/ U-233 out-of-pile and transform and the separation of Th-232/ U-233.Arranging in slowing down pond can the breed fuel system of refuelling online, initial breed fuel raw material is only containing a kind of nucleic Th-232, only carry out the thermal capture nuclear reaction of Th-232, the dual loss of avoid Pa-233 and U-233 to capture neutron that neutron causes and effective nuclear fuel, improves proliferate efficiency and neutron utilization factor; Slowing down pond physical condition is gentle, and On-line testing breed fuel does not have difficulty, and the nucleic in later stage is separated simple, only need carry out the either-or simple separation of Th-232/ U-233 two elements.

(7), optimizing Core Design, as adopted candle formula Core Design, improving nuclear reaction efficiency and burn-up rate.

(8), by low for reactor primary tank dwarfing, simplification, cost degradation and modularization, the integral replacing in enforcement fission pond or enforcement fission pond module disposable retired (fission pond is retired with reactor core replacing), improve maintenance efficiency and overall security.

(9), by reactor major component module, make reactor detachable and combination.The fractionation of reactor module and the difficult point of restructuring are mainly manifested in fractionation and the restructuring of pipeline.Adopt the sleeve pipe of easily restructuring to connect and method for splitting, simplify fractionation and the restructuring of reactor module.Sleeve pipe connects and method for splitting adopts vertical socket or non-perpendicular socket or non-perpendicular turn of vertical socket.

Vertical socket: joint sleeve is longer, can repeatedly use, and below tube head is fixing tube head, and top tube head is detachable tube head, and two tube heads, in same vertical central, are installed with vertical lifting.Before first connection, be welded on by joint sleeve in advance on lower tube head, during connection, upper tube head is aimed at and welds after a little insertion joint sleeve, and face of weld is simple to operate upward and welding effect best; During fractionation only need below the weld of joint sleeve upper end cutting and separating, joint sleeve shortens slightly; Clear up the residue in joint sleeve during restructuring, upper tube head compares previous suitable lengthening, repeats previous connection flow process.

Non-perpendicular socket: non-perpendicular socket, based on horizontal pipe connection, is installed with vertical lifting, being connected to the tube head split in module is detachable tube head, and another corresponding tube head is fixing tube head; Joint sleeve is shorter is disposable unit, successively lengthens joint sleeve or the detachable tube head of appropriate lengthening on demand later.On fixing tube head, overlap joint sleeve in advance during connection but wouldn't weld, the sleeve pipe that is slidably connected exposes fixing tube head, puts joint sleeve, then weld two ends respectively after two tube head alignment.Whole joint sleeve need be cut away during fractionation, when reconfiguring, change the new joint sleeve be of convenient length, repeat previous connection flow process.The welding difficulty of non-perpendicular socket is high, and welding effect not easily ensures.

Non-perpendicular turn of vertically socket: two pipelines of connection are non-perpendicular pipeline, two tube heads that need connect are separately converted to the vertical tube head of concentric with elbow, fixing tube head under, detachable tube head upper, connection thereafter, fractionation and recombination method with vertical be socketed identical.

The present invention relates to a kind of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor, its principal character is:

(1), reactor primary tank comprises and intercoupling and the fission pond be isolated from each other and slowing down pond; The built-in moderator in slowing down pond, the built-in reactor core in fission pond, reactor core has fast neutron reactor core characteristic; Moderator is separated with Main Coolant, and moderator does not enter fission pond; Main Coolant does not enter slowing down pond.

(2), fission pond and slowing down pond be completely isolated, and arrange thermofin between the two and intercept heat interchange, thermofin is that vacuum constructs or filling with insulation material.

(3), fission pond and slowing down pond can be carried out neutron exchange but not carry out heat interchange.

(4), Main Coolant is specific liquid metal or fused salt, particularly plumbous or plumbous bismuth eutectic.

(5), slowing down pond fill moderator, moderator is solid-state moderator or liquid moderator.Solid-state moderator is graphite or beryllium compound, particularly graphite.Liquid moderator is heavy water or heavy aqueous solution or light-water or light-water solution, particularly heavy water.The slowing down pond of filling liquid moderator arranges moderator loop.

(6), fission pond and slowing down pond be combined to form primary tank coupling configurations, and primary tank coupling configurations is the built-in coupled structure in single slowing down pond or the external coupled structure in single slowing down pond or two slowing down ponds coupled structure.The built-in coupled structure in single slowing down pond is that to be positioned at reactor center be tubbiness pond type structure in slowing down pond, and fission pond to be positioned at outside slowing down pond pond type structure in the form of a ring.The external coupled structure in single slowing down pond is that to be positioned at reactor center be tubbiness pond type structure in fission pond, and slowing down pond to be positioned at outside fission pond pond type structure or barrel-shaped structure in the form of a ring.Two slowing down ponds coupled structure is that to be positioned at reactor center be tubbiness pond type structure in interior slowing down pond, and outer slowing down pond is positioned at outside for ring-type pond type structure, and fission pond be that ring-type pond type constructs between inside and outside slowing down pond.

(7), primary tank coupling configurations can be set to detachable fabricated structure.

(8), reactor primary tank periphery can arrange primary tank shell, and primary tank shell is a pond type metal shell thickeied, and fission pond and slowing down pond are placed and be fixed within primary tank shell.

The fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor that the present invention relates to divides 6 major parts to be described: reactor primary tank; Reactor core and fuel element; Slowing down liquid loop and core Ore-controlling Role; Breed fuel system; Other facilities; Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor type.

Reactor primary tank

Reactor primary tank comprises fission pond, slowing down pond and primary tank shell.

Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor primary tank (pond of particularly fissioning) sidewall can arrange large area neutron exchanging window, and neutron exchanging window is thin-wall configuration, and thin-wall configuration is frame skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure.Frame skin structure arranges framework at the sidewall sections of neutron exchange area, and framework arranges thin plate covering, and the primary tank part beyond frame skin structure can adopt non-thin-wall configuration, as base plate, heavy wall can be adopted to construct near the sidewall at bottom and top.Thin-walled reinforcing plate structure be sidewall based on thin-walled, thin-walled is arranged gusset reinforce.Frame skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure can build by disposable integral.Primary tank sidewalls orthogonal symmetric position can arrange main gusset or main frame, and lifting load is born by main gusset or main frame.The position large at primary tank load can arrange special ruggedized construction, arranges or strengthen gusset or reinforced frame as Main Coolant exit.

Arrange sidewall thermofin between fission pond sidewall and slowing down pond sidewall, sidewall insulating layer material is solid particle; Fission pond sidewall and slowing down pond sidewall transmit lateral pressure by sidewall thermofin and form mutual lateral support, are similar to the support of cover tire to the inner tube of a tyre of tire.Fission pool structure material is difficult to reach very high neutron transparency, needs to adopt thin-wall configuration; Slowing down pond and thermofin can select the material of very high neutron transparency, and lateral support effect can be played to fission pond sidewall in relatively thick slowing down pond.The solid particle of sidewall thermofin can select honeycomb particulate or cellular spherolite or hollow spherulite or solid spherolite or full particle, and wherein best with irregular honeycomb particulate, its cuclear density is little, not easily flows, and easily loads and absorbs.Solid particulate components has firm, heat-resisting, high thermal resistance and to the transparent characteristic of neutron, as silicon dioxide, sieve and silica-sesquioxide, zirconia or aluminium oxide, wherein silicon dioxide cost performance is the highest.If use spherolite, hold down gag restriction heat-barrier material need be set up at sidewall thermofin topmost and move, prevent the distortion of fission pond; Hold down gag structure comprises holddown spring, briquetting and Spring retainer.

Fission arranges heat-insulating load-bearing layer bottom pond, heat-insulating load-bearing layer is blocks of solid, there is firm, resistance to thermal property, as thermal insulation ceramics block, heat-insulating load-bearing layer material does not require the neutron transparency, having the material absorbing neutron ability may be better, can play bottom neutron shield effect, can adopt cheap non-core level material.

Fission pond top cover or slowing down pond top cover can adopt sealant to seal, and not only heavy volume is large but also precision prescribed is high for traditional flangeseal, are not suitable for the top seal inlaying fission closely pond and slowing down pond.Top cover adopts sealant sealing to simplify hermetically-sealed construction, alleviates the weight of primary tank top cover.Sealant is metal sealing agent or fluid sealant, and metal sealing agent is fusible metal or fusible alloy, particularly heavy metal and alloy thereof.Fluid sealant is only suitable for low form container, as slowing down pond.Container side wall upper limb arranges annular ditch groove, and the inner edge of annular ditch groove prevents sealant from falling in container higher than outer rim, and container cap outer rim arranges ring-type skirtboard downwards.The hermetically-sealed construction of top cover and sidewall can arrange locking device, prevents top cover from being washed open by internal pressure, and locking device is thread structure or bolt structure or elastic force jig; The liquid sealant that during capping, first uniform filling is appropriate in annular ditch groove, inserts ring-type skirtboard in annular ditch groove before sealant solidifies, then fastening locking device, and sealant solidifies and namely forms seal construction; Metal sealing agent is solidified and is made top cover and sidewall form firmly hermetically-sealed construction, and during separation, heated sealant structure makes metal sealing agent melt; Adopt the hermetically-sealed construction of fusible metal that can heating arrangement be set.Heavy metal sealant is selected in fission pond, and the sealing silica gel of heat-proof corrosion resistant erosion is selected in slowing down pond.

The fission pond being provided with thin-wall configuration needs to alleviate top cover weight as far as possible, and when top, pond of fissioning is provided with fission pond air chamber, the impact of top cover not by Main Coolant corrosion of fission pond is reusable, can adopt light-weight high-strength material, as titanium alloy.

The metal that slowing down pond Material selec-tion neutron transparency is high, as aluminium, aluminium alloy, zircaloy, aluminium zircaloy, aluminum titanium alloy, zirconium-niobium alloy, nickel alumin(i)um alloy.Wherein aluminium based metal material cost performance is the highest, can meet the resistance to water erosion requirement under the low-temp low-pressure condition of slowing down pond.In order to improve the resistance to erodible of aluminium based metal further, the slowing down pool surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy can plate the metal of resistance to water erosion, and the metal of resistance to water erosion is zirconium or nickel or titanium.

Reactor core and fuel element

The content of reactor core and fuel element comprises: reactor core characteristic and structure; Fuel inner bag; Enclosed fuel rod; Cluster enclosed fuel assembly; Sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly; Open type fuel rod; Cluster open type fuel assembly; Ferrule openings formula fuel assembly; Exhaust component (containing valveless exhaust component and have valve exhaust component); Fixing and the location of fuel assembly and fuel rod; Chemistry of fuel composition and physical aspect.

Reactor core characteristic and structure:

Arrange Coupled core in the fission pond of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor, it has the characteristic of fast neutron reactor core.Coupled core is solid-state reactor core, is made up of fuel stringer assembly, and fuel stringer assembly is combined by fuel rod and forms, and can arrange fuel inner bag in fuel rod, filling fuels enters fuel inner bag or fuel rod.Fuel assembly is cluster fuel assembly or sleeve pipe fuel assembly, and cluster fuel assembly dereliction sleeve pipe, sleeve pipe fuel assembly has main sleeve pipe.Fuel rod is enclosed fuel rod or open type fuel rod, and enclosed fuel rod forms cluster enclosed fuel assembly or sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly; Open type fuel rod forms cluster open type fuel assembly or ferrule openings formula fuel assembly.

Can fill a vacancy in Coupled core edge, make reactor core edge convergence complete.Cluster enclosed fuel assembly, sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly, cluster open type fuel assembly or ferrule openings formula fuel assembly four kinds of fuel stringer assemblies can have half corresponding shape assembly or special-shaped assembly respectively, and half shape assembly or special-shaped assembly are filled a vacancy to incising of reactor core edge.Half shape assembly square section is the half of the corresponding cross section diagonal line cutting of assembly, and special-shaped assembly square section can be arbitrary shape, and effect of filling a vacancy is depended in the selection of shape.

Arrange reactor core base below reactor core, reactor core is fixed on reactor core base, and reactor core base is then fixed on the base plate of fission pond, and reactor core, primarily of fission pond base plate load, reduces the load of fission pond sidewall with this.Coupled core can be designed to candle formula reactor core; Candle formula reactor core progressively burns from the bottom up, first dress fissile nuclide is mainly distributed in below reactor fuel district, its concentration gradient is low on lower height, top fuel is accumulated by breeder reaction, on its accumulative speed and combustion zone, the speed of moving adapts, and reactor core burn-up rate is more higher toward bottom, and this reactor core fissile nuclide just loading amount compares saving, the reactor core life-span is long, and total burn-up level is large.

Coupled core arranges the radial subregion of two kinds or three kinds characteristics.The radial subregion of two kinds of characteristics: the region in close slowing down pond is coupled zone, and away from slowing down pond is Kuai Pu district.The radial subregion of three kinds of characteristics: set up buffer zone and strengthen reactor core security between coupled zone and Kuai Pu district; Thermal neutron and fast neutron nuclear reaction are carried out in coupled zone simultaneously, and its propellant composition proportioning is close to thermal neutron reactor core; Kuai Pu district carries out fast neutron nuclear reaction, and its propellant composition proportioning is close to fast neutron reactor core; Buffer zone propellant composition proportioning characteristic is determined by reactor core safety Design.Convert fuel district or shadow zone can be set up in the reactor core periphery of special heap-type.

Fuel inner bag:

Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor adopts fuel stringer assembly reactor core, and traditional fuel rod is that fuel is directly filled in fuel rod.Fuel inner bag is the inclusion of fuel, is filled in fuel rod with integral form, isolation fuel and fuel rod.Fuel inner bag bears stress and the corrosion of fuel at first, protection fuel rod clad pipe.Fuel inner bag is seal, can long-term storage separately.Fuel cabinet body comprises interior bile duct, bottom plug, top plug, filling material, holddown spring, injecting hole or air injection pipe.Fuel inner bag external diameter is slightly less than fuel rod clad bore, reserved fuel volumetric growth space.Interior bile duct is the involucrum of fuel inner bag, and interior bile duct two ends are by bottom plug and top plug sealing.Top plug is provided with injecting hole or air injection pipe, and arrange filling material and holddown spring in fuel inner bag, filling material comprises fuel.Injecting hole or air injection pipe are for bleeding or gas injection or exhaust, and injecting hole is poroid, and air injection pipe is short tube shape; Injecting hole or air injection pipe can be set to self-opening hermetically-sealed construction, seal after completing gas injection.Fuel inner bag intensification boosting or heat up add boosting after, injecting hole or air injection pipe voluntarily opening exhaust; Self-opening hermetically-sealed construction is structure or the fusible sealing-plug of can bursting.Can be burst structure: air injection pipe can burst, and explosion type is low-intensity material explosion or low-intensity structure bursts; Low-intensity material to be air injection pipe material be low-intensity material or the material of intensity step-down after being heated, increase when fuel inner bag temperature raises air pressure inside, and air injection pipe pressurized bursts opening exhaust voluntarily; Low-intensity structure air injection pipe is arranged explosion groove, and explosion groove place gas injection tube wall is very thin, and air pressure official post explosion groove forms crack, the exhaust of air injection pipe cracking.Fusible sealing-plug: fusible sealing-plug is fusible after intensification, can be made up of single sealant or multiple sealant; Multiple sealant is the different sealant of multiple fusing point, and the outer fusing point of sealing-plug is lower than internal layer, and during sealing, outer layer sealing agent is equivalent to cored solder, reactor core start heat up after sealing-plug be heated and melt completely, injecting hole opens exhaust.Protective cover can be set up in fuel inner bag top, and protective cover is fingerstall tubulose or hat shape, and protective cover is furnished with hole supplied gas and exchanges, protective cover is arranged at outside injecting hole or air injection pipe.After fuel inner bag completes gas injection sealing, fingerstall tubulose protective cover is directly welded on plug top, top; When fuel inner bag is loaded into fuel rod, hat shape protective cover is fixed on the plug of top by fuel rod holddown spring.Protective cover prevents explosion thing or splashings contact fuel rod clad pipe; Fuel rod or fuel inner bag can fill heat transfer medium, as helium, sodium.

Enclosed fuel rod: enclosed fuel rod is the closed type structure of traditional fuel rod, the agent structure of enclosed fuel rod is the bar-shaped cladding tubes structure of closed at both ends, and enclosed fuel rod main body comprises lower end plug, cladding tubes, holddown spring, upper end plug, filling material or fuel inner bag.Upper end plug and lower end plug sealed packet package two ends, have long air cavity in cladding tubes, air cavity is positioned at top or bottom, and filling material or fuel inner bag arrange holddown spring; Filling material in fuel rod or fuel inner bag arranges identical, and nucleic filling material Fen Sange district, is respectively from the bottom up: lower transition zone, fuel region and upper transition zone, transition zone only at the beginning of fill fertile nuclide, at the beginning of fuel region, fissile nuclide is housed.

Cluster enclosed fuel assembly: cluster enclosed fuel assembly main body comprises bottom nozzle, cluster bottom gate plate, skeleton pipe, grid spacer, enclosed fuel rod and upper base.Skeleton pipe, grid spacer and upper bottom nozzle form the skeleton of fuel stringer assembly jointly, and multiple grid spacer is fixed in skeleton tube bank, and skeleton pipe two ends and upper bottom nozzle are fixed.Skeleton pipe is amphitypy, and the first type is through blank pipe, can be used as guide pipe (as measurement guide pipe); Second-Type is real pipe, and real pipe two ends are welded with end plug, and end plug and upper bottom nozzle are fixed, and be provided with transferable fuel, holddown spring and shorter air cavity in pipe, real pipe is equivalent to convert fuel rod.Fuel rod passes and restrained location from grid spacer; Fuel rod is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate, and cluster bottom gate plate is fixed on bottom nozzle upper end or is fixed on skeleton pipe.Bottom nozzle is provided with fastening screw or pin hole and reactor core bottom gate plate and locates, and bottom nozzle is provided with fixture construction (as bolt structure) and is fixed on by assembly on reactor core bottom gate plate.Upper base has the pin hole on fastening screw and reactor core top screen to locate.

Sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly: sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly main body comprises pin, cluster bottom gate plate, main sleeve pipe and enclosed fuel rod.Pin is provided with seal construction flow leakage prevention, pin is also provided with fixture construction (as bolt structure) and fixes with reactor core bottom gate plate, pin there is the structure of multiple cooling medium hand-hole and control leakage current amount, main its lower end is connected with pin, fuel rod is positioned at main sleeve pipe, shield can be set up on fuel rod, location, fuel rod stage casing adopts grid location or wrapping wire location, fuel rod bottom and cluster bottom gate plate are fixed, cluster bottom gate plate is fixed on main its lower end or pin upper end, main cannula tip is provided with lifting operating head and coolant outlet, main outside of sleeve top is provided with the distance between cushion block maintenance assembly.

Open type fuel rod:

The most obvious difference of open type fuel rod and assembly and traditional fuel rod and assembly thereof is that top is provided with exhaust structure.

Open type fuel rod agent structure is the bar-shaped cladding tubes structure of bottom end closure and top end opening, and top end opening place is provided with degassing conduits.Open type fuel rod main body comprises lower end plug, cladding tubes, holddown spring, upper end plug, degassing conduits, filling material or fuel inner bag.Fuel rod two ends are welded with end plug respectively, and bottom is sealed by lower end plug, and upper end plug arranges opening, and opening part is welded with degassing conduits, and fission gas is discharged by degassing conduits.Open type fuel rod is without air cavity or have shorter upper gas chamber, and filling material or fuel inner bag arrange holddown spring; Filling material in fuel rod or fuel inner bag arranges identical, and nucleic filling material Fen Sange district, is respectively lower transition zone, fuel region and upper transition zone from the bottom up, upper and lower transition zone only at the beginning of fill fertile nuclide, at the beginning of fuel region, fissile nuclide is housed.Fuel rod filling material can set up one or two shadow zone, and shadow zone arranges neutron absorber shielding residue neutron, increases reactor core axial shield function.A shadow zone is set: arrange shadow zone at filling material topmost; Two shadow zones are set: shadow zone on the foot of filling material arranges lower shadow zone and top is arranged.Fuel rod filling material can set up adsorption zone, adsorption zone filled honeycomb shape solid adsorbent adsorbs fission volatile matter, and adsorption zone is between upper transition zone and upper shadow zone or be positioned at filling material topmost, and adsorption zone and upper shadow zone can switches.Fuel rod filling material can have six kinds of partition conbinations from the bottom up: lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone; Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone; Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-upper shadow zone; Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone-upper shadow zone; Lower shadow zone-lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-upper shadow zone; Lower shadow zone-lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone-upper shadow zone.

Cluster open type fuel assembly: cluster open type fuel assembly main body comprises bottom nozzle, cluster bottom gate plate, skeleton pipe, grid spacer, open type fuel rod, upper base and exhaust component.Skeleton pipe, grid spacer and upper bottom nozzle form the skeleton of fuel assembly jointly, and multiple grid spacer is fixed in skeleton tube bank, and skeleton pipe two ends and upper bottom nozzle are fixed.Skeleton pipe divides amphitypy, and the first type is through blank pipe, can be used as guide pipe (as core survey guide pipe); Second-Type is real pipe, and real pipe two ends are welded with end plug, is fixed by end plug and upper bottom nozzle, and be provided with transferable fuel, holddown spring and shorter air cavity in real pipe, real pipe is equivalent to convert fuel rod.Fuel rod passes and restrained location from grid spacer, and fuel rod lower end is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate, and cluster bottom gate plate is fixed on bottom nozzle upper end or is fixed on skeleton pipe.

Ferrule openings formula fuel assembly: ferrule openings formula fuel assembly main body comprises pin, cluster bottom gate plate, main sleeve pipe, open type fuel rod and exhaust component.Pin is provided with seal construction flow leakage prevention, and pin is also provided with fixture construction (as bolt structure) and fixes with reactor core bottom gate plate, pin has the structure of multiple cooling medium hand-hole and control leakage current amount.Location, fuel rod stage casing adopts grid location or wrapping wire location, and fuel rod bottom and cluster bottom gate plate are fixed, and cluster bottom gate plate is fixed on main its lower end or pin upper end.Main outside of sleeve top can arrange the distance between cushion block maintenance assembly.

Open type fuel stringer assembly can arrange cluster top screen.Cluster top screen is fixed on the upper end of fuel assembly main body, namely go up in base or main sleeve upper end, cluster top screen is provided with pilot hole and coolant hole, degassing conduits makes fuel rod be located through the pilot hole on the screen of cluster top, arrange antirattle spring between fuel rod upper end plug and cluster top screen, antirattle spring is enclosed within degassing conduits base portion.The degassing conduits base portion needing top to locate can suitably thicken in overstriking, strengthens the intensity of external force resistance.

Exhaust component:

The top of open type fuel stringer assembly arranges exhaust component, and exhaust component lower end is connected with fuel assembly main body.Exhaust component main body comprises constriction and exhaust supervisor.Exhaust component bottom is constriction, and constriction is sleeve-shaped or tubaeform or claw type; Sleeve-shaped constriction upper end can arrange constriction bearing plate, and constriction bearing plate is provided with the fixture construction that cooling medium portals and is connected miscellaneous part; Exhaust component top is exhaust supervisor.Exhaust supervisor top arranges blowdown valve or does not arrange blowdown valve; The exhaust component arranging blowdown valve is for there being valve exhaust component, and the exhaust component not arranging blowdown valve is valveless exhaust component.Outside exhaust component, lifting operating head can be set.

Valveless exhaust component: valveless exhaust component main body comprises constriction, degassing conduits boundling and exhaust supervisor, and degassing conduits becomes directly to be inserted in after degassing conduits boundling closely exhaust supervisor through Simple constraint, and degassing conduits can stretch in exhaust supervisor.

There is valve exhaust component:

Valve exhaust member body is had to comprise constriction, Sealed casing pipe, degassing conduits boundling, seal head, exhaust supervisor and blowdown valve.Blowdown valve is arranged on exhaust supervisor top, there is degassing conduits in valve exhaust component first after revolving bent constraint at constriction, its upper part is constrained to degassing conduits boundling closely again, namely degassing conduits revolves curved state for loose in constriction section, the degassing conduits be twisted has the function of spring-like, have and necessarily bend and stretch function buffering fuel rod distortional stress, and meet the demand of fuel rod irradiation elongation.Sealed casing pipe lower end and constriction upper end are fixed, degassing conduits boundling is inserted in Sealed casing pipe, both form the seal head that can be vented afterwards at top integral sealing (as sealed with brazing), and exhaust supervisor seals fixing again with Sealed casing pipe, and fission gas can only be discharged by exhaust supervisor and blowdown valve.Cored solder is generally difficult to meet high temperature resistant and erosion-resisting high demand, the seal head of sealed with brazing needs to isolate with Main Coolant, suitable lengthening Sealed casing pipe, can retain retention gas in Sealed casing pipe during perfusion Main Coolant, this part the retention gas that can not discharge becomes the separation layer of seal head and Main Coolant.Exhaust supervisor is provided with injecting hole or air injection pipe, carries out after fuel assembly manufacture completes vacuumizing with gas injection process and close injecting hole or air injection pipe.

Seal head adopts sealed with brazing, its technological process is: vacuumize after fuel rod completes and close degassing conduits end (as press seal mechanical after induction heating), closing before degassing conduits can perfusion detection gas as required, degassing conduits length is slightly longer than be advisable → the complete main body assembling of fuel rod impermeability and defect detecting test → complete fuel stringer assembly → to degassing conduits of Sealed casing pipe top with top and is annealed and revolve degassing conduits top, bent constraint its underpart → retrain again and form degassing conduits boundling → welding constriction and Sealed casing pipe junction → connection constraints portion and fuel assembly main body make degassing conduits boundling pack into Sealed casing pipe → carry out surface treatment → heating solder pot to solder fusing (solder melt point is higher than Main Coolant maximum operating temperature) → handstand fuel stringer assembly with gap → sealing place between tinsel jam-pack degassing conduits closely, appropriate depth in solder pot is inserted in sealing place, the least significant end that cooled and solidified becomes seal head → arrangement sanding and polishing Sealed casing pipe → cut away seal head is taken out after welding fluid fully immerses, arrange polishing degassing conduits port, guarantee that every root degassing conduits is unimpeded.

Blowdown valve:

Have valve exhaust component top to arrange blowdown valve, blowdown valve is spring type blowdown valve or meltable heavy metal blowdown valve or two blowdown valve.Have in the exhaust of valve exhaust component supervisor and can arrange exhaust adsorption district, exhaust adsorption district comprises adsorbent steady arm, adsorbent and adsorbent holddown spring.Adsorbent is the bar-shaped box body being furnished with sieve aperture, fills adsorbent in it.Adsorbent steady arm is retainer spring or sprung jaws, prevents adsorbent displacement.Adsorbent holddown spring compresses adsorbent, anti-gas shock and displacement.

Spring type blowdown valve: spring type blowdown valve is cylindric, its main body comprises valve chest, lower valve body, upper valve body, spring, spring positioning head and forcing screw.Valve chest is cylindric, and lower valve body side and valve chest are fixed and seal; Lower valve body and upper valve body are the valve mechanism that male and female face is corresponding, and male and female face is close to can realize sealing, and male and female face separately can realize exhaust pressure relief; The counter structure of lower convex fovea superior is conducive to air scour and falls coagulum, and valve body is less scaling; Lower valve body center arranges air hole, and upper valve body side arranges air hole; Upper valve body upper end is connected with spring, and spring upper end is connected with spring positioning head, the downward holddown spring positioning head of forcing screw, and forcing screw and valve chest upper end are fixed with screw thread, and spring positioning head and forcing screw arrange air hole supplied gas and discharge.

Meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve: the valve function of meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve is substituted by liquid heavy metal, meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve comprises annular groove, cap, meltable heavy metal and anticreep plug.Cap is upper valve body, and be blind pipe shape, annular groove is lower valve body, cap and annular groove are formed with the inlaid structure in gap, and fill meltable heavy metal in the gap of annular groove, meltable heavy metal is sealant, anticreep plug prevents cap de-by the punching of internal high pressure air-flow, as anti-drop screw.The working temperature of meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve, on the fusing point of meltable heavy metal, is equivalent to solder lower than the heavy metal solidified during working temperature and plays fixing and sealing function; When pressure release, difference force promotes the U-shaped passage that gas is formed through heavy metal liquid, and pressure differential is by the proportion of heavy metal liquid and highly decision.Annular groove can be monomer members or complex component, and namely the annular groove of monomer members descends valve body to be that annular groove shape is overall; The annular groove of complex component is formed by after valve chest, lower valve body and center tracheae welded seal.

Two blowdown valve: two blowdown valve is connected two blowdown valves in open type fuel assembly top, and below blowdown valve is meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve, and top is spring type blowdown valve, its lower valve body can be used as the anticreep plug of meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve.The advantage of two blowdown valve is good sealing effect, the heavy metal solidified during low temperature can thoroughly seal, and during high temperature, two blowdown valve plays dual fail-safe effect, and heavy metal liquid can also absorb the volatile matter in fission gas, prevent valve body fouling, increase the reliability of spring type blowdown valve.

Fixing and the location of fuel assembly and fuel rod:

Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor Main Coolant mainly adopts heavy metal, and the buoyancy of reactor core is very large, and fuel rod and fuel assembly are applicable to adopting to be fixed in bottom and locates at top.Bottom is fixed with and is beneficial to anti-Main Coolant buoyancy and upthrust, the stressed flexural deformation that upwards can reduce fuel rod and assembly of fuel assembly.Top locator qualification radial position, fuel rod and fuel assembly still can perpendicular displacements, to meet the demand that material irradiation extends.

Fuel assembly is fixed and locator meams: reactor core bottom gate plate can be adopted to fix, and the bottom nozzle of fuel assembly or pin and reactor core bottom gate plate are fixed, as bolt is fixed; Fuel assembly top can adopt screen location, reactor core top, and enclosed fuel stringer assembly positions with the register pin of upper end and reactor core top screen.Open type fuel stringer assembly positions through the pilot hole of reactor core top screen to be vented supervisor upper end, arranges or do not arrange antirattle spring between exhaust supervisor with reactor core top screen.Antirattle spring is set: exhaust supervisor is arranged and determines spring flange collar, antirattle spring is enclosed within exhaust supervisor, and antirattle spring lower end is against determines in spring flange collar, and reactor core top screen is withstood in antirattle spring upper end, antirattle spring can prevent fuel assembly vibration, also can meet assembly irradiation and extend.

Fuel rod fixed form: fuel assembly bottom is provided with cluster bottom gate plate, fuel rod is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate, and fixed form can be screw thread and fixes or be welded and fixed or inserted fixing.Screw thread is fixed: under fuel rod, end plug end and cluster bottom gate plate arrange boss for locating, groove and for fixing screw, first inlays boss and groove location (can prevent from fuel rod from rotating to loosen) and carries out screw thread with screw again and fix; Another structure is that under fuel rod, end plug end and cluster bottom gate plate mutually arrange corresponding screw and screw and carry out screw thread and fix.Be welded and fixed: under fuel rod, end plug end arranges notch, the notch of the lower end plug of bar shaped screen insertion of cluster bottom gate plate is welded and fixed again.Inserted fixing: under fuel rod, end plug end arranges keyway, and cluster bottom gate plate arranges corresponding cluster guide rail, cluster guide rail slides into keyway and carries out inserted fixing.

Chemistry of fuel composition and physical aspect:

Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor can adopt traditional oxide ceramic fuel also can adopt advanced ceramics fuel, as nitride or carbonide or silicide fuel; Can pellet fuel be adopted, also can adopt granular fuel.Fuel inner bag direct filler particles fuel preferably, can solve a difficult problem for advanced ceramics fuel not easily sinter molding, fuel inner bag can retrain granular fuel from sinter molding.Fuel particle contacts closely with interior bile duct, and interior bile duct bears differential expansion stress at first, after fuel expand into maximum gauge gradually, together with fuel inner bag is pressed in cladding tubes, heat transfer efficiency increases, and overall heat transfer efficiency is better than pellet fuel, favourable reduction fuel rod temperature.Initial heat transfer can rely on gas or liquid heat-transfer medium, as helium or sodium.Fuel and cladding tubes are isolated by fuel inner bag, and alleviate stress suffered by cladding tubes and corrosion, cladding tubes not easily breaks, the favourable prolongation fuel rod life-span.Fuel inner bag makes fuel rod clad inside pipe wall be subject to insulation blocking, and different with residing environment with the function of cladding tubes according to interior bile duct, both can adopt different materials, optimize towards different directions.Open type fuel rod nuclear fuel more advanced in the employing preferably of enclosed fuel rod, open type fuel rod can adopt the nitride of high heat conductance or carbonide or silicide fuel can reduce fuel pellet temperature, some fission product also can be avoided the corrosion of cladding tubes, as cesium oxide; Open type fuel rod self-exhausting can solve the too high difficult problem of nitride fuel gas production rate.The more important thing is that nitride or carbonide or silicide fuel are the approach solving thorium base spentnuclear fuel post-processing problem, because the thorium base oxide pole indissoluble solution of sintering, hydrofluorite must be added in strong acid solution during dissolving, the heavy corrosion of facility can be caused.

Slowing down liquid loop and core Ore-controlling Role

The content of slowing down liquid loop and core Ore-controlling Role comprises: slowing down liquid loop; Slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role; Intercept screen core Ore-controlling Role.

Slowing down pond filling liquid moderator, slowing down pond is provided with slowing down liquid loop, and slowing down liquid is cooled by slowing down liquid refrigeratory; Reactor arranges core Ore-controlling Role regulation and control core power and performs shutdown work, and core Ore-controlling Role is slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role or intercepts screen core Ore-controlling Role or slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role or control rod core Ore-controlling Role; Slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role is arranged in specific slowing down liquid loop, and its slowing down liquid loop is unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, and slowing down liquid inputs from top, slowing down pond all the time; Slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role changes neutron by the liquid level of moderator in regulation and control slowing down pond and exchanges and neutron spectrum, thus reaches the reactive object of regulation and control reactor core, and in case of emergency automatically performs non-active shutdown; In unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, slowing down liquid is not full of slowing down pond, and reactor moves and slowing down fluid wave can be caused to move, and slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role is not suitable for mobile model reactor; Obstruct screen core Ore-controlling Role comprises specific slowing down liquid loop and intercepts screen mechanism, and its slowing down liquid loop is break-in slowing down liquid loop, and when normally running, slowing down liquid inputs top output bottom slowing down pond, is full of slowing down liquid in slowing down pond, not by reactor moving influence; During shutdown, the break-in of slowing down liquid is that slowing down liquid is not accumulated in slowing down pond from the input of top, slowing down pond; Intercept screen core Ore-controlling Role and regulate and control reactor core reactivity by the mode intercepting neutron exchange, it does not have slowing down fluid wave to move, and is suitable for mobile model reactor, can be used for fixed reactor yet.Slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role moves integrally slowing down pond, by changing slowing down pond and the coupled structure in fission pond, neutron exchange and coupling nuclear reaction are changed, thus regulation and control reactor core is reactive; Slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role is applicable to miniature or small cores reactor, particularly nuclear reactor for space.

Slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role:

Slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role adopts unidirectional slowing down liquid loop.Unidirectional slowing down liquid loop is from top, slowing down pond input slowing down liquid, and its main body comprises slowing down pond, liquid storage tank, slowing down liquid, infusion pump, woven hose, bubbler, recirculatory pipe and slowing down liquid refrigeratory.Unidirectional slowing down liquid loop is promoted by infusion pump, and its circulating path is: liquid storage tank → infusion pump → bubbler → slowing down pond → recirculatory pipe → slowing down liquid refrigeratory → liquid storage tank.Liquid storage tank position is lower than slowing down pond, and slowing down liquid relies on gravity reflux, and the drop larger backflow potential energy in liquid storage tank and slowing down pond is larger.Woven hose is provided with infusion pump, infusion pump is quantitatively to slowing down pond supply slowing down liquid, bottom woven hose connection liquid storage tank, other end connects the bubbler on top, slowing down pond, bubbler main body is a container being provided with nozzle or pipe fitting (as the grid plate-shaped container of hollow or mesh duct or branched pipeline), its function to spray or slowing down liquid is distributed to each device surface in slowing down pond by spray pattern, and slowing down liquid trickles the heat taken away on device from the top down.Recirculatory pipe is large diameter pipeline, to meet the requirement of scram; Slowing down liquid refrigeratory is cooling and the temperature regulating device of slowing down liquid, its to be arranged in liquid storage tank or outside.The parts surface that must cool in slowing down pond can arrange silk screen, and silk screen slows down slowing down liquid trickling speed, helps slowing down liquid to be uniformly distributed at parts surface, and prevents slowing down liquid from splashing.

Slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role main body comprises unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, gas equalizing line and liquid flow control mechanism.Gas equalizing line is communicated with top, slowing down pond and liquid storage tank top, balances the air pressure in two ponds.Liquid flow control mechanism comprises liquid flowing controller, shutdown valve, monitoring device and operation circuit; Liquid flowing controller is single motor variable valve or is made up of multiple electric control valve, and its function is fine adjustment slowing down pit level; Shutdown valve is normally off, opens during shutdown, and shutdown valve can be the normally closed electrically operated valve of heavy caliber of one or more series connection; Monitoring device comprises moderator level monitoring device and temperature sensor.When slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role normally runs, slowing down liquid pump is entered slowing down pond by infusion pump, bubbler dispersion slowing down liquid trickles downwards to each device surface and lodges in slowing down pond, slowing down liquid is back to liquid storage tank with certain flow through recirculatory pipe by liquid flowing controller by gravity, and is cooled and temperature control by slowing down liquid refrigeratory.During shutdown, start the power supply of shut-down procedure or cut-out shutdown valve, normally closed shutdown valve is opened automatically, slowing down liquid in slowing down pond enters liquid storage tank by bigbore shutdown valve quick backflow, slowing down liquid is not accumulated in slowing down pond, thermal neutron and the basic disappearance of fission with thermal neutron reaction, reactor core reactivity sharp fall, reaches non-active shutdown object with this; During shutdown, slowing down liquid loop continues to perform refrigerating function; The workflow of slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role:

(1), reactor capability regulation and control: performed by liquid flowing controller, regulate moderator liquid level → change neutron in slowing down pond to exchange and neutron spectrum → regulation and control core power.

(2), shutdown work: the power supply → shutdown valve starting shut-down procedure or cut off shutdown valve opens automatically → slowing down liquid enters liquid reserve tank → slowing down pond disappearance slowing down liquid through heavy caliber shutdown valve quick backflow and lose moderation of neutrons function → fission with thermal neutron reaction and be terminated → and reactor core can not maintain chain reaction and shutdown.

(3), Cooling at reactor shutdown: shutdown valve be in power-off opening → infusion pump continue operations → slowing down liquid loop continue circulation → bubbler each parts sprinkling moderator carrying out in slowing down pond and cool → slowing down liquid enters liquid reserve tank through shutdown valve quick backflow, slowing down liquid can not lodge in slowing down pond.

(4), the recovery of slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role: the power supply → shutdown valve of cutting out shutdown work or recovering shutdown valve is in closed condition → slowing down liquid and is back to liquid storage tank → regulator solution stream controller through liquid flowing controller and makes slowing down pit level remain on suitable height.

Intercept screen core Ore-controlling Role:

Intercept screen core Ore-controlling Role and adopt break-in slowing down liquid loop.Break-in slowing down liquid loop main body comprises slowing down pond, liquid storage tank, slowing down liquid, woven hose, infusion pump, upper tubing, upper fluid-delivery valve, lower woven hose, lower fluid-delivery valve, bubbler, upper recirculatory pipe, lower recirculatory pipe, lower reverse flow valve and slowing down liquid refrigeratory.The slowing down liquid in break-in slowing down liquid loop is transported by infusion pump, and the error-free running period is provided the whole power transporting slowing down liquid by infusion pump; The shutdown phase increases gravity reflux, and the drop larger backflow potential energy in liquid storage tank and slowing down pond is larger.Woven hose lower end is communicated with bottom liquid reserve tank, woven hose is provided with infusion pump, separates upper tubing and lower woven hose on infusion pump.Upper tubing connects bubbler, bubbler main body is a container being provided with nozzle or pipe fitting (as the grid plate-shaped container of hollow or mesh duct or branched pipeline), slowing down liquid is distributed to each device surface in slowing down pond by bubbler by slowing down liquid, and slowing down liquid trickles the heat taken away on device from the top down.Lower woven hose is connected bottom slowing down pond; Lower recirculatory pipe is large diameter pipeline, to meet the requirement of scram.Lower fluid-delivery valve is normally open, closes during shutdown, and lower fluid-delivery valve can be often opens electrically operated valve.Upper fluid-delivery valve and lower reverse flow valve are normally off, open during shutdown, and upper fluid-delivery valve and lower reverse flow valve can be normally closed electrically operated valve.Circulating path during normal operation is: liquid storage tank → woven hose → infusion pump → lower fluid-delivery valve → lower woven hose → slowing down pond → upper recirculatory pipe → slowing down liquid refrigeratory → liquid storage tank.Circulating path during shutdown is: liquid storage tank → woven hose → infusion pump → upper fluid-delivery valve → upper tubing → bubbler → slowing down pond → lower reverse flow valve → lower recirculatory pipe → slowing down liquid refrigeratory → liquid storage tank.Upper recirculatory pipe function during shutdown is converted into gas equilibrium, balances the air pressure in slowing down pond and liquid storage tank.The parts surface of slowing down pond domestic demand cooling can arrange silk screen, and silk screen slows down slowing down liquid trickling speed, helps slowing down liquid to be uniformly distributed at parts surface, and prevents slowing down liquid from splashing.

Intercept screen core Ore-controlling Role main body to comprise break-in slowing down liquid loop and intercept screen mechanism; Intercept screen mechanism body and comprise obstruct screen driver, driving-belt, top guide bar, sealing sliding sleeve, sealing ring, obstruct screen, lower guide rod and lower guide pipe.Intercept the side, slowing down pond that screen is arranged on close fission pond, intercept tubular or arc plate body that screen is lower forks, divide a prong that lower guide rod is set, intercept screen top and top guide bar is set.Sealing sliding sleeve is arranged on the top cover of slowing down pond or on the top deck of slowing down pond, arranges sealing ring and slide structure in sealing sliding sleeve, and top guide bar can slide in sealing sliding sleeve; Lower guide rod slides and is positioned in lower guide pipe, and lower guide pipe is provided with liquid-leaking nozzle.Intercept screen and have the function intercepting thermal neutron or whole neutrons, intercept screen driver drives and intercept screen and move up and down, the mobile screen that intercepts changes neutron distribution and neutron in primary tank and exchanges, and changes reactor core reactive and regulate and control core power with this.Shutdown work is performed by break-in slowing down liquid loop, start the power supply of shut-down procedure or cutting-off valve, the lower fluid-delivery valve often opened is closed, normally closed upper fluid-delivery valve and lower reverse flow valve are opened automatically, and slowing down liquid flows rapidly into liquid storage tank by lower recirculatory pipe, and the gas of liquid storage tank enters slowing down pond by upper recirculatory pipe and balances two pond air pressure, slowing down liquid can not be accumulated in slowing down pond, thermal neutron and fission with thermal neutron loss for reaction, reactor core reactivity sharp fall, reaches non-active shutdown object with this; During normal operation, slowing down liquid circulates from the bottom up, and be full of slowing down liquid in slowing down pond, refrigerating function is efficient; During shutdown, the loop break-in of slowing down liquid is for circulate from top to bottom, and slowing down liquid can continue to perform refrigerating function in each device surface trickling.

Breed fuel system

The content of breed fuel system comprises: propagation bar system; The separating-purifying of breed fuel.

Arrange breed fuel system in slowing down pond, breed fuel system by slowing down liquid cooling but.Breed fuel system is immersion type breed fuel system or isolated breed fuel system.The breed fuel raw material (fertile nuclide) of immersion type breed fuel system is immersed in slowing down liquid, and slowing down liquid exercises the part nucleic in solvent function dissolving breed fuel, takes reactor out of, and extracted by ON-LINE SEPARATION out-of-pile by slowing down liquid loop.Immersion type breed fuel system construction is complicated, also add the function load of slowing down liquid, and slowing down liquid complicated component corrosivity is strong, high to the material requirements of slowing down pool structure, can cause the loop fouling of slowing down liquid, have a negative impact to slowing down liquid loop, runs difficulty larger.Isolated breed fuel system is propagation bar system, and breed fuel is filled in breeds in rod, and breed fuel and moderator are isolated; Isolated propagation bar system simple structure efficiency is high, and slowing down liquid purity is high, function singleness, stability are high.

Propagation bar system:

Propagation bar system main body comprises slowing down liquid loop, propagation rod, breeds excellent sleeve pipe, overlaps pipe grid, Huan Bang mechanism and auxiliary equipment.The bar-shaped cladding tubes structure that propagation rod is two ends sealing, loads breed fuel raw material (fertile nuclide) in it.Breeding excellent sleeve pipe is finger sleeve, is the disrance sleeve between propagation rod and slowing down pond, is fixed on slowing down pond top cover or slowing down pond top deck or slowing down pond base plate, and its openend, outside slowing down pond, breeds excellent sleeve pipe and stationary plane joint is seal construction.Breed excellent casing off propagation rod and slowing down liquid, be convenient to the online replacing of breeding rod, its length and cross sectional shape and the excellent phase coadaptation of propagation.Cover pipe grid is reinforced the excellent sleeve pipe of propagation and is prevented distortion.The tube portions of propagation rod and the excellent sleeve pipe of propagation selects the material high to neutron transparency, as aluminium base or zirconium-based metallic material.Huan Bang mechanism is the online replacing facility of propagation rod, and Huan Bang mechanism can be arranged on above slowing down pond or below, and what above slowing down pond, have restraining mass (as pipeline etc.) changes excellent barrier zone, selects below to change bar mode or arrange substitute to replace propagation rod; Substitute, without the need to online replacing, need only be changed when uncapping in slowing down pond, and it is excellent that substitute can be secondary neutron source assembly or reflection rod or reaction, and secondary neutron source assembly is used for reactor and starts or newly pile startup next time, and reaction is excellent for the manufacture of artificial element.The Huan Bang mechanism of propagation bar system can arrange the excellent positioning function of propagation and certainly move excellent function.Auxiliary equipment comprises temperature-detecting device, and temperature sensor is built in propagation rod, and when in propagation rod, temperature exceeds normal value, show have fission reaction to occur in propagation rod, the content of U-233 has reached extractible scope, and this rod must be changed; In order to increase the radiating effect of propagation rod and the excellent sleeve pipe of propagation, conductive fluid can be filled in the excellent sleeve pipe of propagation or in propagation rod.

The Main Coolant efferent duct passed through above slowing down pond and other pipelines have impact to online propagation rod of changing, and its method to set up is:

(1), reduce slowing down pond whole height, Main Coolant efferent duct directly passes through above the top cover of slowing down pond.

(2), only reduce the height of the slowing down pond regional area of Main Coolant efferent duct process, this region forms closed " U " shape district, and Main Coolant efferent duct is positioned at " U " shape district, and slowing down pond top cover is separated disconnected discontinuous by " U " shape.

(3), for reducing Main Coolant efferent duct to the online impact changing propagation rod, can be the outlet of flat-sided shape and side flat pipeline by relevant Main Coolant efferent duct section design, reducing shielded area.

Propagation rod comprises bottom plug or base plate, cladding tubes, filling material, temperature sensor and top ends.Lower end is filled in by bottom or base plate sealing, and upper end is sealed by top ends, and in top ends, setting operation head captures for Huan Bang mechanism.Initial filling material (breed fuel raw material) is thorium compound, and temperature sensor is placed in filling material.Propagation rod be use repeatly component or disposable component, repeatability breed rod can repeatedly use, bottom fill in can be separated from cladding tubes with top ends, cladding tubes fill in bottom and top ends to be threaded and to seal.

The separating-purifying of breed fuel:

The separating-purifying of breed fuel adopts a kind of insoluble compound separation process: utilize certain class thorium compound to be separated than the characteristic of uranium compound inertia, breed fuel raw material is indissoluble thorium compound, and the uranium compound that this indissoluble thorium compound transforms is solvable.Described insoluble compound is that therefore indissoluble thorium compound has multiple for certain specific solvent; Solvent can be water or acid solution or alkali lye or organic solvent, and indissoluble thorium compound is crystalline solid thorium anhydride or thorium dioxide or thorium salt or thorium hydrochlorate or organic thorium compound.

Indissoluble thorium compound separation process: in propagation rod indissoluble thorium compound accept propagation rod that neutron irradiation → On-line testing goes out place storeroom (9-11 month) until Pa-233 fully to decay for U-233 → take out breed fuel from propagation rod and carry out pulverizing → from propagation rod, take out breed fuel and carry out the breed fuel after pulverizing → pulverizing and drop into dissolving tank, fully stir rear clarification → separation solution and precipitation; Sediment obtains Th-232 compound after drying; Isolated solution carries out solute and separated from solvent, and solute separator drying obtains U-233 compound.

The separating-purifying of breed fuel adopts a kind of soluble compounds separation process: breed fuel raw material is solvable thorium compound, and the uranium compound that this solvable thorium compound transforms also is solvable.Described soluble compounds is that therefore solvable thorium compound has multiple for certain specific solvent; Solvent can be water or acid solution or alkali lye or organic solvent, and solvable thorium compound is noncrystalline thorium anhydride or thorium dioxide or thorium salt or thorium hydrochlorate or organic thorium compound.

Solvable thorium compound separation process: in propagation rod, indissoluble thorium compound accepts propagation rod that neutron irradiation → On-line testing goes out and places storeroom (9-11 month) and fully decay for U-233 → take out breed fuel and carry out the input of the breed fuel after pulverizing → pulverizing dissolving tank, stirring and dissolving → breed fuel solution → extract U-233 from solution from propagation rod until Pa-233; Be separated from extract solute again drying obtain U-233 compound; From extraction after surplus liquid be separated solute again drying obtain Th-232 compound.

Other facilities

The content of other facilities comprises: Main Coolant auxiliary heating attemperator; Main Coolant oxygen Ore-controlling Role; Fission pond air chamber and fission gas cleaning system; Residual heat removal system; Neutron source mechanism and core survey device.

Main Coolant auxiliary heating attemperator:

Main Coolant is liquid heavy metal, particularly plumbous or plumbous bismuth eutectic; Major loop and main coolant loop, major loop can arrange Main Coolant auxiliary heating attemperator, Main Coolant auxiliary heating attemperator be arranged on fission pond bottom and circulating line on its function be Melting And Solidification Main Coolant and prevention Main Coolant solidify.

Main Coolant oxygen Ore-controlling Role:

Liquid heavy metal has certain dissolved corrosion to metal material; the most effective anti-corrosion method is the integrality keeping metal oxide film surface with oxygen control techniques; available data shows; under the condition strictly controlling oxygen level in plumbous bismuth liquid, the protective oxide film of some stainless steel surfaces can stand intact for a long time.Major loop arranges oxygen Ore-controlling Role, can reduce the corrosion of Main Coolant to material, and oxygen Ore-controlling Role is gas phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role or solid phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role.The oxygen measuring probe of oxygen Ore-controlling Role can select Zirconium oxide oxygen sensor.

Gas phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role: gas phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role main body comprises oxygen control gas return path, gas diffuser, air pump and measuring and controlling device.Oxygen control gas return path comprises gas preparing room and circulation air flue, and oxygen control gas componant is formulated to suitable ratio by gas preparing room; Gas diffuser is the pipeline that flows through of Main Coolant or container, can contain stirring apparatus, and gas diffuser can be substituted by main circulation pump or main circulation pipe or fission pond air chamber; Oxygen control gas is blasted gas diffuser by air pump, and oxygen control gas uniform is distributed in Main Coolant, and the residual gas after a small amount of dissolving returns the redistribution of gas preparing room.Measuring and controlling device detects the gas component ratio in major loop oxygen level and oxygen control gas return path, and instruction gas preparing room regulates and controls each gas componant.Gas phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role can adopt ternary gas to combine, and ternary gas comprises oxidizing gas, reducibility gas and vector gas; Oxidizing gas can select water vapor or oxygen or carbon dioxide, the most easy-regulating of water vapor; Reducing gas can select hydrogen or carbon monoxide, most suitable with hydrogen, and hydrogen can reduce the favourable removing solid impurity of excessive heavy metallic oxide; Vector gas can select argon gas, and argon gas cost performance is the highest; Ternary gas combination can select H ₂o/ H ₂/ Ar or O ₂/ H ₂/ Ar or CO ₂/ CO/ Ar; Comparison is it is possible that H ₂o/ H ₂/ Ar combines, containing the H of low-concentration hydrogen ₂/ Ar passes in the water of adjustable temperature and obtains the adjustable H of water vapour content ₂o/ H ₂/ Ar.

Solid phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role: solid phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role main body comprises mass exchanger and measuring and controlling device.Mass exchanger is the container type device being filled with oxide solid particle, can be arranged on the branch road of major loop, and oxide solid particle can be dissolved in Main Coolant on a small quantity, as massicot PbO; Main Coolant flows through mass exchanger and carry out solute exchange on oxide solid particle, namely carries out oxide dissolution and the deposition of solute of solid phase reaction.Measuring and controlling device comprises temperature controller and flow controller, and measuring and controlling device detects and regulates the temperature or flow velocity or branch road service time that flow through the Main Coolant of oxide solid particle, is regulated and controled the oxygen level in Main Coolant by control oxide dissolving and precipitation process.Branch road power can be provided by major loop jet pressure reduction.Solid phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role can increase a bypass and arrange the regulation and control that hydride dissolves device coordinates major loop oxygen content, and hydride dissolves device can be arranged on the other end of the major loop relative with mass exchanger.

Fission pond air chamber and fission gas cleaning system:

The top, fission pond of fixed reactor can arrange fission pond air chamber, and the fission gas that the gas produced in fission pond or open type fuel rod are discharged can be discharged to fission pond air chamber.Adopt the fission pond of open type fuel stringer assembly can arrange double-deck fission pond air chamber, the exhaust supervisor of open type fuel stringer assembly is through reactor core top screen, and fission pond air chamber is divided into fission pond upper chamber and fission pond lower chamber by reactor core top screen.

Reactor can arrange fission gas cleaning system, and fission gas cleaning system is gas circulating purification system, and function is cooling-part and removes the fission gas composition with chemical activity and core reactivity, as iodine, xenon, bromine, caesium.Fission gas cleaning system is closed gas circulating circuit, and fission gas cleaning system main body comprises fission pond air chamber, aspiration pump, gas purification cooling chamber, gas tank, distribution tank, gas preparing room, air delivery pump, flowrate control valve and supervising device.Fission gas is cooled and purification at gas purification cooling chamber, unnecessary Purge gas is pressed into gas tank and stores, gas preparing room will transfer the gas in distribution tank (as oxygen tank, hydrogen gas tank, argon tanks) as required, make the gas componant of allotment reach particular/special requirement, as oxygen level.Gas flow in the air chamber of double-deck fission pond is: recyclegas is introduced into fission pond lower chamber, then enters fission pond upper chamber by the gap between 2 air chambers, then discharges fission pond; The recyclegas flowed from the bottom up is taken away fission gas and is stopped fission gas contact Main Coolant, prevents harmful gas from polluting Main Coolant.The workflow of fission gas cleaning system is: fission pond air chamber → aspiration pump → gas purification cooling chamber → gas preparing room → air delivery pump → gas flow control valve → fission pond air chamber.

Reactor RHR system:

Reactor arranges partial circulating pump residual heat removal facility and emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese.After shutdown partial circulating pump residual heat removal facility replace major circulatory system will pile in Residual heat removal.

Emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese:

During shutdown, partial circulating pump residual heat removal facility can not work because of fault, and reactor enables emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese immediately.The position of emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese is higher than primary tank, and initial operation power is gravity, and power is subsequently from steam.Emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese main body comprises heat-carrying liquid case, cooling water tank, vacuum chamber, flowrate control valve, starting valve and pipeline.Position height is: vacuum chamber is the highest, and cooling water tank takes second place, and is thirdly heat-carrying liquid case, and fission pond is minimum.Heat-carrying liquid case stores pure water or aqueous solution, and aqueous solution can contain neutron-absorbing material, as boron water solution.Cooling water tank stores chilled water, and cooling water inflow depends on the Residual heat removal amount of setting.Vacuum chamber rise when initial absorb in primary tank and loop the function of gas, vacuum chamber air intake duct and a discharging tube, air intake duct connects the end of condenser pipe, and discharging tube connects heat-carrying liquid case.Flowrate control valve is normally off, is usually set as a flow rate set value, and also can pass through operation circuit adjusting size, flowrate control valve can be normally closed electrically operated valve; All the other valves are starting valve, and during normal operation, starting valve is in closed condition, and all passages are cut off, and time emergent, starting valve is in opening, and starting valve can be normally closed electrically operated valve; After starting valve is all opened, reactor waste is with the non-active discharge fission pond of water vapour form.Whole system has two loops: a loop is gas return path, and another loop is water-vapour loop; The workflow of Heat Discharging System of Chinese is:

(1), start-up routine: reactor shutdown → partial circulating pump residual heat removal system cisco unity malfunction → startup is met an urgent need Heat Discharging System of Chinese.

(2), gas return path workflow: the gas in the disposable absorption primary tank of vacuum chamber and pipeline, fission pond air chamber → steam pipe → condenser pipe → vacuum chamber ← discharging tube ← heat-carrying liquid case.

(3), water-vapour loop works flow process: heat-carrying liquid case → heat-carrying liquid → flowrate control valve → fission pond air chamber → be distributed to Main Coolant surface → water vapour → steam pipe → condenser pipe → condensate water → heat-carrying liquid case.

Neutron source mechanism and core survey device:

Neutron source mechanism and core survey device can be arranged on fission pond or slowing down pond, to be arranged on bottom fission pond or be advisable in top, slowing down pond.Fission pond more severe need arrange the finger sleeve can isolated with Main Coolant, and neutron source mechanism or core are surveyed device and inserted in finger sleeve with plug-in unit.Slowing down pond mild condition can adopt seal construction, and neutron source mechanism or core survey device directly can contact moderator.

Fission can arrange neutron source mechanism bottom pond, and neutron source mechanism body comprises Neutron source assembly, neutron source refrigeratory, neutron source sleeve pipe, sliding sleeve and neutron source driver.Neutron source sleeve pipe is the disrance sleeve of Neutron source assembly and Main Coolant, neutron source sleeve pipe is communicated with sliding sleeve and on same center line, both are fixed on the base plate of fission pond, the former is positioned at fission pond, the latter is positioned at outside fission pond, all can from ON-LINE SEPARATION fission pond except the remainder of both outside interruption mechanisms; The shape of cross section of neutron source sleeve pipe can adapt with reactor fuel assembly, as hexagon.Neutron source assembly is column seal construction, and its base portion is smooth slipper, and Neutron source assembly inside arranges neutron source and coolant circulation passage; Neutron source refrigeratory cooling Neutron source assembly, neutron source refrigeratory is gas or liquid cooling loops, and cooling medium can enter from Neutron source assembly center and reflux from periphery.The function of neutron source driver drives Neutron source assembly to slide in sliding sleeve, the sliding type of Neutron source assembly moves up and down, and neutron source driver can be the electromagnetic driver of motor-driven easy lifting table (as fluid pressure type, screw, rack-and-pinion) or complexity.Neutron source mechanism is set bottom fission pond and can simplifies fission pond structure, reduce fission pond height, reduce reactor manufacture difficulty.

Top, slowing down pond can arrange slowing down pond neutron source mechanism, and slowing down pond neutron source mechanism body comprises Neutron source assembly, sealing sliding sleeve, sealing ring and neutron source driver.Sealing sliding sleeve is fixed on the top cover of slowing down pond, and Neutron source assembly shell is smooth cylindrical seal container, is provided with neutron source in it.Form slidably seal construction in Neutron source assembly and sealing sliding sleeve, neutron source driver drives Neutron source assembly moves in sealing sliding sleeve, and neutron source driver is boom hoisting or electromagnetic actuator device.Neutron source assembly is directly cooled by moderator, can filling conductive fluid or heat-conducting gas enhancing cooling effect in Neutron source assembly.The neutron of Neutron source assembly release is thermal neutron in slowing down pond slowing down, and thermal neutron exchanges and enters the fission reaction of fission pond initiation reactor core.

Device in slowing down pond by slowing down liquid cooling but, can fill conductive fluid and improve cooling effectiveness by the plug-in unit (as bred rod) in slowing down pond and the gap between disrance sleeve.

Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor type

The content of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor type comprises: two slowing down pond coupling nuclear reactor; The external coupling nuclear reactor in single slowing down pond; The built-in coupling nuclear reactor in single slowing down pond; Space Coupling nuclear reactor.

Two slowing down pond coupling nuclear reactor: two slowing down pond coupling nuclear reactor is medium-sized or above fixed reactor, is applicable to power station, heat supply and desalinization.Reactor primary tank is two slowing down ponds coupled structures, and primary tank is detachable combined type structure, has primary tank shell.Reactor has inside and outside two slowing down pond, and it is tubbiness pond type structure that interior slowing down pond is positioned at reactor center, and it is ring-type pond type structure that outer slowing down pond is positioned at outside reactor; It is ring-type pond type structure that fission pond is positioned in the middle of two slowing down ponds.The neutron that fission pond outboard sidewalls is provided with large area thin-wall configuration exchanges window.Fission pond top seal adopts metal sealing agent to seal, and metal sealing agent is meltable heavy metal alloy.Fission pond is provided with fission pond air chamber, and fission pond top cover adopts high-strength light top cover.Slowing down pond top cover adopts sealing silica gel to seal.Main Coolant is plumbous or lead bismuth alloy, and reactor core is fuel rod reactor core, and fuel assembly can be open type fuel stringer assembly or enclosed fuel stringer assembly, and open type fuel assembly is better than enclosed fuel stringer assembly, can reduce fission pond height.Moderator is heavy water, and slowing down pond is provided with slowing down liquid loop.Fuel breeding is specially taken charge of in outer slowing down pond, is set to breed bar system, can On-line testing breed fuel, produces U-233 nuclear fuel.Core control is specially taken charge of in interior slowing down pond, and it is set to slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role.During shutdown, slowing down liquid is discharged in the inside and outside pair of slowing down pond simultaneously fast, and reactor can not maintain chain reaction and shutdown because of slowing down afunction.

The single external coupling in slowing down pond nuclear reactor: the external coupling nuclear reactor in single slowing down pond is diversity type of reactor, scale can, from small-sized to large-scale, can be that no-mobile reactor also can be piled for mobile.Reactor primary tank is detachable combined type structure, has primary tank shell.Primary tank is the external coupled structure in single slowing down pond, and it is tubbiness pond type structure that fission pond is positioned at center, and slowing down pond to be positioned at outside fission pond pond type structure in the form of a ring.The neutron that fission pond sidewall is provided with large area thin-wall configuration exchanges window.Fission pond top cover adopts metal sealing agent to seal, and metal sealing agent is meltable heavy metal alloy.Slowing down pond top cover adopts silica gel to seal.Main Coolant is plumbous or lead bismuth alloy, and reactor core is fuel rod reactor core.Moderator is heavy water, and slowing down pond is provided with slowing down liquid loop, and slowing down pond arranges propagation bar system, can On-line testing breed fuel, produces U-233 nuclear fuel.The reactor core of the external coupling nuclear reactor in fixed list slowing down pond can adopt open type fuel assembly or enclosed fuel assembly, and core Ore-controlling Role adopts slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role.The reactor core of the external coupling nuclear reactor in mobile model list slowing down pond adopts enclosed fuel assembly, and core Ore-controlling Role adopts and intercepts screen core Ore-controlling Role.

The single built-in coupling in slowing down pond nuclear reactor: the built-in coupling in single slowing down pond nuclear reactor is the small-sized or micro reactor simplified, and heat exchanger and reactor merge into a single whole.Reactor primary tank is the built-in coupled structure in single slowing down pond, and it is tubbiness pond type structure that slowing down pond is positioned at reactor center, and moderator is heavy water or light-water; Fission pond to be positioned at outside slowing down pond pond type structure in the form of a ring.The neutron that fission pond madial wall is provided with large area thin-wall construction exchanges window.Main Coolant is plumbous or lead bismuth alloy, and no-mobile reactor fission pond can arrange fission pond air chamber; Reactor core can adopt enclosed fuel stringer assembly or open type fuel stringer assembly (no-mobile reactor), and reactor core periphery can arrange convert fuel district, and reactor core arranged outside has shadow zone.Slowing down pond arranges slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role (no-mobile reactor) or intercepts screen core Ore-controlling Role (mobile heap).Neutron source organization establishes is in fission pond or slowing down pond.Reactor arranged outside heat-exchanger tank, share a heat conductive wall, heat conductive wall arranged outside heat-transfer pipe outside the inner side of heat-exchanger tank and fission pond, Main Coolant is at heat-transfer pipe and fission pond Inner eycle, heat-transfer pipe and heat conductive wall are provided with heat radiator, and heat-transfer pipe and heat conductive wall derive reactor core heat jointly.Heat-exchanger tank is equivalent to one, secondary circuit heat exchanger, and secondary circuit cooling medium is water.Primary Ioops arranges explosive pipe and explosive valve, and when water leakage occurring and entering heat-transfer pipe and enter collecting chamber, steam turns to steam, and the steam that proportion is very light upwards enters explosive pipe, and explosive valve pressurized rupture of membranes discharges water vapor, and the anti-sealing of energy or steam enter reactor core.When water leaks and enters fission pond air chamber, the explosive pipe that fission pond top cover is arranged and explosive valve also can discharge water vapor.Fission can arrange fair water fin in pond.Primary Ioops arranges or does not arrange main circulation pump.Primary Ioops arranges main circulation pump: Main Coolant is by forced circulation.Primary Ioops does not arrange main circulation pump: Main Coolant is by self-loopa.The heat exchanger effectiveness of the single built-in coupling in slowing down pond nuclear reactor is not high, the suitable nuclear-energy plant not too high as leaving water temperature requirement.

Space Coupling nuclear reactor: reactor is the miniature of dereliction shell of tank or small space nuclear power unit, and reactor radial direction can not arrange shielding structure.Primary tank is the external coupled structure in single slowing down pond, and it is tubbiness that fission pond is positioned at center, and slowing down pond is positioned at outside for annular tubular, and moderator is graphite, is filled in tubular slowing down pond; Reactor adopts slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role, and slowing down pond does not contact fission pond, and slowing down pond moves axially centered by pond of fissioning.Main Coolant is liquid metal, particularly liquid alkali metal, and as lithium-7, reactor core main body is made up of enclosed fuel stringer assembly, and fission pond can arrange mozzle.Fission pond heat energy is conducted to thermoelectric conversion device by liquid metal.Slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role exercises moderation of neutrons and core control function, and slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role comprises slowing down pond and slowing down pond driving mechanism.Slowing down pond driving mechanism main body comprises slowing down pond driver, clutch coupling, centre pilot and resilient mounting.Centre pilot is axially fixed in fission base plate center, pond, and during normal operation, clutch coupling engages with centre pilot, and slowing down pond driver moves along centre pilot and locates.Slowing down pond driver can be stepping or electric rotating machine, and centre pilot is screw rod, and rotor axle center is hollow shape, and centre pilot passes from rotor axle center, and rotor rotates around centre pilot.During normal operation, clutch coupling engages with centre pilot, and motor pushing slowing down pond driving mechanism moves along centre pilot and locates.During shutdown, clutch coupling is separated with centre pilot, and slowing down pond retracts or pushes back far-end by resilient mounting, and namely slowing down pond is away from fission pond, and reactor core for want of degraded neutron causes reactive decline and shutdown.The elastic force of resilient mounting is provided by spring.

technical advantage of the present invention is:

(1), fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor Main Coolant can adopt the liquid heavy metal, particularly plumbous or plumbous bismuth eutectic of stable chemical nature, and primary tank runs at ambient pressure, and reactor has inherent safety.

(2), the primary tank of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor is split as and intercouples but fission pond completely isolated each other and slowing down pond, thermofin is set between the two, the function relieving moderator and Main Coolant bundlees, and fission pond and slowing down pond can be optimized towards best direction separately.Reactor critical piece is detachable and combine, and can implement modular design.Its primary tank can adopt the thin-wall configuration that consumptive material is few.Fission pond and slowing down pond adopt cheap iron element alloy and aluminium alloy respectively, and engineering difficulty and manufacturing cost are all low.

(3), fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor uses moderator outward at reactor core, and in fast neutron reactor core, realize fast-thermal neutron coupling nuclear reaction, nuclear reaction efficiency significantly improves than fast reactor, and the content of reactor core fissile nuclide can significantly reduce.Compared with other fast reactors, the first loading amount of expensive fissile nuclide declines, and fuel breeding efficiency improves, and " doubling time " of Nuclear fuel breeding can be made to shorten.

(4), can close to normal temperature and pressure in slowing down pond, can without the extension slowing down pond function on difficulty ground.Slowing down pond can increase the function that fuel breeding, coupling core control and core are surveyed.

(5), fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor can adopt slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role, can control whole built-in reactivity fast, not need control rod, regulating rod, shielding rod and Chemical Control.Fission pond radial direction does not need neutron shield part, and the neutron-absorbing material that reactor entirety uses is few, both can save equipment and materials expense, can also reduce neutron loss in heap, improves neutron economy.Can save costly and be difficult to the control rod drive mechanisms (CRD) controlled, can lay down the weight about the half of fission pond and function load, simplify the structure of fission pond and reactor core, reduce fission pond height, fission pond is only equivalent to core barrel.Fission pond integral replacing or disposable retired (retired with reactor core replacing) can be implemented, improve maintenance security and maintenance efficiency.

(6), the On-line testing of fuel breeding and breed fuel can be implemented in slowing down pond, realize Pa-233/ U-233 out-pile and transform, reduce the negative effect of Pa-233.The thermal-neutron capture cross-section of Th-232 is higher than fast neutron 19 times, slowing down pond breed fuel is only containing single nucleic Th-232, initially only carry out single efficient Th-232 thermal neutron capture reaction, two losses of the nuclear fuel that the capture reaction of fissile nuclide causes and neutron can be ignored, so the neutron utilization factor of slowing down pond internal breeding fuel is high.Slowing down pond breed fuel composition is single, and the breed fuel after conversion finally needs the chemical element be separated to only have Th-232 and U-233, namely either-or, and nucleic is separated simple.The U-233 nuclear fuel produced in slowing down pond is not containing the Th-228 daughter of launching energetic gamma rays, and the U-233 nuclear fuel therefore produced in slowing down pond is safe, does not need the gamma-ray facility of protection of a high price and production technology.The thorium base spentnuclear fuel of heap in-core still has energetic gamma rays, can by improving reactor core burnup, and the proportion increasing slowing down pond production U-233 nuclear fuel solves, and the spentnuclear fuel aftertreatment frequency (i.e. closed loop number of times) can be made significantly to reduce, even likely save.

(7), fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor can adopt " candle formula reactor core ", can match with slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role, both support progressively combustion system from the bottom up, " candle formula reactor core " just fills fissile nuclide and is mainly distributed in below reactor fuel district, its concentration ladder is low on lower height, top fuel is accumulated by breeder reaction, on its accumulative speed and combustion zone, the speed of moving adapts, reactor core burn-up rate is more higher toward bottom, this reactor core fissile nuclide just loading amount compares saving, the reactor core life-span is long, and total burn-up level is large.

(8), the fission pond that simplifies makes reactor core can adopt open type fuel stringer assembly, and open type fuel rod can reduce neutron loss, reduces pressure in fuel rod, extends the life-span of fuel rod clad pipe, improve reactor core burn-up rate.Open type fuel rod is that the utilization of high thermal conductivity advanced ceramics fuel (as nitride, carbonide, silicide fuel) creates condition, can overcome the defect of nitride fuel easy pyrolytic release nitrogen.The more important thing is that advanced ceramics fuel is the optimal path solving thorium base spentnuclear fuel post-processing problem, this is because the thorium base oxide pole indissoluble solution of sintering, hydrofluorite must be added in strong acid solution during dissolving, the heavy corrosion of facility can be caused.

(9), fast heap-type is coupled nuclear reactor nuclear fuel material based on the Th-232 of cheapness, is secondly nuke rubbish.Reactor core center had both been applicable to burning U-233, U-235 and Pu-239, was also applicable to burning transuranic element, can provides a solution route for presurized water reactor nuke rubbish.Utilize cheap thorium and nuke rubbish, fuel cost reduces, and the utilization factor of nuclear resource improves, and the sustainable time limit of global nuclear fission energy can rise to more than 10000 years.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 vertical joint sleeve dismounting schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 non-perpendicular joint sleeve dismounting schematic diagram;

The vertical joint sleeve dismounting schematic diagram of non-perpendicular turn of Fig. 3;

Fig. 4 frame skin structure primary tank schematic diagram;

Fig. 5 thin-walled reinforcing plate structure primary tank schematic diagram;

Fig. 6 primary tank top seal agent seal construction schematic diagram;

Fig. 7 two slowing down pond coupling nuclear reactor longitudinal diagram;

Fig. 8 two slowing down pond coupling nuclear reactor drawing in side sectional elevation;

Fig. 9 mono-slowing down pond external coupling nuclear reactor longitudinal diagram;

Figure 10 mono-slowing down pond external coupling nuclear reactor drawing in side sectional elevation;

Figure 11 mono-slowing down pond built-in coupling nuclear reactor longitudinal diagram;

Figure 12 mono-slowing down pond built-in coupling nuclear reactor drawing in side sectional elevation;

Figure 13 Space Coupling nuclear reactor longitudinal diagram;

Figure 14 Space Coupling nuclear reactor drawing in side sectional elevation;

Figure 15 protective cover is the fuel inner bag schematic diagram of fingerstall tubulose;

Figure 16 protective cover is the fuel inner bag schematic diagram of hat shape;

Figure 17 loads the open type fuel rod schematic diagram of fuel inner bag;

Figure 18 open type fuel rod and the schematic diagram that is threaded;

The fuel rod bottom plug structure figure that Figure 19 is threaded;

The fuel rod bottom plug structure figure that Figure 20 is welded to connect;

Figure 21 inlays the fuel rod bottom plug structure figure of connection;

Figure 22 cluster open type fuel assembly schematic diagram;

Figure 23 ferrule openings formula fuel assembly schematic diagram;

Figure 24 valveless exhaust component longitudinal profile schematic diagram;

Figure 25 valveless exhaust component (claw) vertical view;

Figure 26 has valve exhaust component longitudinal profile schematic diagram;

Figure 27 Spring-Loaded Pressure Relief Valve longitudinal diagram;

Figure 28 meltable heavy metal blowdown valve longitudinal diagram;

The two blowdown valve longitudinal diagram of Figure 29;

Figure 30 enclosed fuel rod and the schematic diagram that is threaded;

Figure 31 cluster enclosed fuel assembly schematic diagram;

Figure 32 sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly schematic diagram;

Figure 33 fission gas cleaning system schematic diagram;

Figure 34 fission gas cleaning system workflow diagram;

Figure 35 Main Coolant gas phase oxygen control schematic diagram;

Figure 36 Main Coolant solid phase oxygen control schematic diagram;

Figure 37 slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role schematic diagram;

Figure 38 intercepts screen core Ore-controlling Role schematic diagram;

Figure 39 tubular intercepts screen structural drawing;

Figure 40 arc intercepts screen structural drawing;

Figure 41 fissions neutron source structural scheme of mechanism bottom pond;

Top, Figure 42 slowing down pond neutron source structural scheme of mechanism;

Figure 43 meets an urgent need Heat Discharging System of Chinese schematic diagram;

Figure 44 indissoluble breed fuel extraction and isolation process flow diagram;

Figure 45 solvable breed fuel extraction and isolation process flow diagram.

In figure, mark contrasts with title: 101 primary tank shells; 132 coverings; 133 frameworks; 142 thin-walleds; 143 gussets; 150 container side walls; 151 container caps; 152 annular ditch grooves; 153 ring-type skirtboards; 154 sealants; 155 locking devices; 175 joint sleeves; 176 fixing tube heads; 177 detachable tube heads; Tube head on 178; 179 times tube heads; 180 tube heads; 201 fission ponds; 202 fission pond top covers; 203 fission pond sidewalls; 205 fission pond base plates; 209 heat-insulation layers; 211 sidewall thermofins; 212 heat-insulating load-bearing layers; 221 fission pond air chambers; 222 fission pond upper chambers; 223 fission pond lower chambers; 231 Main Coolant imports; 232 Main Coolant outlets; 233 mozzles; 234 fair water fins; 235 main circulation pumps; 236 main circulation pipe; 250 reactor cores; 251 reactor core bases; 255 reactor core top screens; 256 reactor core bottom gate plates; 258 shadow zones; 281 gas preparing rooms; 282 gas diffusers; 283 air pumps; 285 mass exchanger; 286 oxide solid particles; 287 temperature controllers; 289 flow controllers; 301 slowing down ponds; Slowing down pond in 302; 303 outer slowing down ponds; 305 slowing down pond top covers; 306 slowing down pond sidewalls; 307 slowing down pond base plates; 365 propagation rods; The excellent sleeve pipe of 366 propagation; 367 cover pipe grids; 400 neutron sources; 401 neutron source mechanisms; 411 Neutron source assemblies; 413 neutron source drivers; 415 neutron source sleeve pipes; 426 sliding sleeves; 427 sealing sliding sleeves; 429 cooling medium pumps; 431 neutron source refrigeratorys; 501 heat-exchanger tank sidewalls; 502 heat-exchanger tanks; 503 heat conductive wall; 504 heat-transfer pipes; 505 heat radiator; 507 collecting chambers; 508 explosive pipes; 509 explosive valves; 511 water inlet pipes; 512 rising pipes; 553 slowing down pond drivers; 555 centre pilots; 558 springs; 601 liquid storage tanks; 602 slowing down liquid refrigeratorys; 605 liquid flowing controllers; 611 shutdown valves; 631 bubblers; 632 infusion pumps; 633 woven hoses; 635 recirculatory pipes; 638 gas equalizing lines; 655 upper tubings; Fluid-delivery valve on 656; 661 times woven hoses; 662 times fluid-delivery valves; Recirculatory pipe on 663; 665 times recirculatory pipes; 666 times reverse flow valves; 681 intercept screen; 682 intercept screen driver; 683 driving-belts; 685 top guide bars; 691 sealing rings; 695 lower guide rods; 696 downcomers; 700 open type fuel rods; 703 fuel inner bags; Bile duct in 705; 707 bottom plugs; 708 top plugs; 709 injecting holes; 710 air injection pipe; 711 protective covers; 712 times transition zones; 713 fuel regions; Transition zone on 714; 717 air cavitys; 721 holddown springs; 722 filling materials; 725 times end plugs; 726 upper end plug; 728 cladding tubes; 729 degassing conduits; 731 degassing conduits boundlings; 732 Sealed casing pipes; 734 boss; 735 grooves; 737 screws; 738 screws; 742 notches; 743 pads; 747 keyways; 751 constrictions; 752 retention gases; 753 seal heads; 754 claw-likes connect; 755 exhaust supervisors; 756 injecting holes; 757 blowdown valves; 759 cooling mediums portal; 761 constriction bearing plates; 765 adsorbents; 766 adsorbent steady arms; 767 adsorbent holddown springs; 771 open type fuel rods; 772 cluster top screens; 773 cluster bottom gate plates; Base on 774; 775 bottom nozzles; 776 skeleton pipes; 777 grid spacers; 778 top grid spacers; Grid spacer bottom 779; 781 standing screws; 782 fastening screws; 785 pins; 786 cooling medium hand-holes; 787 seals; 788 retaining threads; 789 main sleeve pipes; 791 cushion blocks; 795 enclosed fuel rods; 811 valve chests; 812 times valve bodies; 813 upper valve bodies; 814 springs; 815 spring positioning heads; 816 forcing screws; 818 air holes; 822 caps; 825 meltable heavy metals; 827 anticreep plugs; 831 center tracheaes; 912 aspiration pumps; 913 gas purification cooling chambers; 914 gas preparing rooms; 915 distribution tank; 916 gas tanks; 917 air delivery pumps; 918 gas flow control valves; 931 heat-carrying liquid casees; 932 cooling water tanks; 933 condenser pipes; 934 vacuum chambers; 935 air intake ducts; 936 discharging tubes; 937 flowrate control valves; 938 starting valves; 939 steam pipes.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.

Embodiment one: the implementation method of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction

As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10:

Reactor primary tank is split as mutually completely isolated fission pond 201 and slowing down pond 301, and fission arranges reactor core 250 in pond, and reactor core has fast neutron reactor core characteristic, the built-in moderator in slowing down pond 301.

Fission pond 201 and slowing down pond 301 to be inlayed mutually or packaged type combine, make both 26S Proteasome Structure and Functions couplings, thermofin is set, the heat interchange of both obstructs fissioning between pond 201 and slowing down pond 301, make slowing down pond 301 can be controlled in state close to normal temperature and pressure; Be separated with Main Coolant by moderator, both no longer bundle on 26S Proteasome Structure and Function, and fission pond 201 and reactor core 250 are without moderator, and Main Coolant does not pass through slowing down pond 301 by fission pond 201; Allow neutron through the structure fission pond 201 and slowing down pond 301, make fission pond 201 can carry out neutron exchange with slowing down pond 301 and carry out being coupled nuclear reaction, the fast neutron that reactor core produces and the coupling nuclear reaction that reactor core can be made simultaneously to carry out fast neutron and degraded neutron (comprising thermal neutron and intermediate neutron) cause from the degraded neutron that slowing down pond 301 internal reflection enters fission pond 201, fission pond 201 has characteristic and the function of fast neutron reactor, can carry out thermal neutron nuclear reaction (as thermal neutron capture reaction) in slowing down pond 301.

Coupling core Ore-controlling Role is set in slowing down pond 301, utilizes coupling nuclear reaction to implement coupling core control and non-active shutdown; Utilize the controllability displacement in the degraded neutron function of moderator and the controllability of moderator or slowing down pond, exchange by the neutron changed between fission pond 201 and slowing down pond 301 reactivity controlling reactor core 250; Make slowing down pond 301 lose moderation of neutrons function during shutdown, stop slowing down pond 301 and carry degraded neutron to reactor core 250, the reactive decline fast of reactor core causes chain reaction of nuclear fission not maintain, thus realizes non-active shutdown.

Utilize the high efficiency of thermal neutron nuclear reaction, in slowing down pond close under the condition of normal temperature and pressure, implement the On-line testing of Nuclear fuel breeding and breed fuel, realize the separation of Pa-233/ U-233 conversion and Th-232/ U-233 out-of-pile; Arranging in slowing down pond 301 can the breed fuel system of refuelling online, initial breed fuel raw material is only containing a kind of nucleic Th-232, only carry out the thermal capture nuclear reaction of Th-232, avoid or reduce the dual loss that Pa-233 and U-233 captures neutron that neutron causes and effective nuclear fuel, improve proliferate efficiency and neutron utilization factor high.Slowing down pond physical condition is gentle, and On-line testing breed fuel does not have difficulty, and the nucleic in later stage is separated simple, only need carry out the either-or simple separation of Th-232/ U-233 two elements.

Optimizing fuel element and Core Design (as adopted candle formula Core Design), improving nuclear reaction efficiency and burn-up rate.

As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, optimize reactor primary tank materials and structures, the neutron exchanging window of large area thin-wall configuration is set at reactor primary tank sidewall, while guarantee structural strength, increase neutron exchange efficiency.

By low for reactor primary tank dwarfing, simplification, cost degradation and modularization, the integral replacing in enforcement fission pond or enforcement fission pond module disposable retired (fission pond is retired with reactor core replacing), improve maintenance efficiency and overall security.By reactor major component module, make reactor detachable and combination.

The fractionation of reactor module and the difficult point of restructuring are mainly manifested in fractionation and the restructuring of pipeline.Adopt the sleeve pipe of easily restructuring to connect and method for splitting, simplify fractionation and the restructuring of reactor module, sleeve pipe connects and method for splitting is vertical socket or non-perpendicular socket or non-perpendicular turn of vertical socket.

As shown in Figure 1, be vertically socketed: joint sleeve 175 is longer to be repeatedly used, below tube head is fixing tube head 176, top tube head be detachable tube head 177, two tube heads in same vertical central, install with vertical lifting; Before first connection, be welded on by joint sleeve 175 in advance on lower tube head 179, during connection, upper tube head 178 is aimed at and welding after a little insertion joint sleeve 175, and face of weld is simple to operate upward and welding effect best; During fractionation only need below the weld of joint sleeve 175 upper end cutting and separating, joint sleeve 175 shortens slightly; Clear up the residue in joint sleeve 175 during restructuring, upper tube head compares previous suitable lengthening, repeats previous connection flow process.

As shown in Figure 2, non-perpendicular socket: non-perpendicular socket is based on horizontal pipe connection, install with vertical lifting, being connected to the tube head split in module is detachable tube head 177, another corresponding tube head is fixing tube head 176, joint sleeve 175 is shorter is disposable unit, successively lengthens joint sleeve 175 or the detachable tube head 177 of appropriate lengthening on demand later; On fixing tube head 176, overlap joint sleeve 175 in advance during connection but wouldn't weld, the sleeve pipe 175 that is slidably connected puts joint sleeve 175 after exposing the alignment of fixing tube head 176, two tube head, then welds two ends respectively; Whole joint sleeve 175 need be cut away during fractionation, when reconfiguring, change the new joint sleeve 175 be of convenient length, repeat previous connection flow process; The welding difficulty of non-perpendicular socket is high, and welding effect not easily ensures.

As shown in Figure 3, non-perpendicular turn of vertically socket: two pipelines of connection are non-perpendicular pipeline, two tube heads that need connect are separately converted to the vertical tube head of concentric with elbow, fixing tube head 176 under, detachable tube head 177 upper, connection thereafter, fractionation and recombination method with vertical be socketed identical.

Embodiment two: two slowing down pond coupling nuclear reactor

As shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, two slowing down pond coupling nuclear reactor is medium-sized or above fixed reactor, is applicable to power station, heat supply and desalinization.Reactor primary tank is two slowing down ponds coupled structures, and primary tank is detachable combined type structure, has primary tank shell 101.Reactor has inside and outside two slowing down pond, and it is tubbiness pond type structure that interior slowing down pond 302 is positioned at reactor center, and it is ring-type pond type structure that outer slowing down pond 303 is positioned at outside reactor; It is ring-type pond type structure that fission pond 201 is positioned in the middle of two slowing down ponds.The neutron that fission pond 201 outboard sidewalls is provided with large area thin-wall configuration exchanges window.Fission pond top seal adopts metal sealing agent to seal, and metal sealing agent is meltable heavy metal alloy, and fission pond top cover adopts high-strength light top cover.Slowing down pond top cover adopts sealing silica gel to seal.Main Coolant is plumbous or lead bismuth alloy, and reactor core is fuel rod reactor core, and fuel assembly can be open type fuel stringer assembly or enclosed fuel stringer assembly, and open type fuel assembly is better than enclosed fuel stringer assembly, can reduce fission pond height.Moderator is heavy water, and slowing down pond is provided with slowing down liquid loop.Fuel breeding is specially taken charge of in outer slowing down pond 303, is set to breed bar system, can On-line testing breed fuel, produces U-233 nuclear fuel.The specially department's core control of interior slowing down pond 302, it is set to slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role.During shutdown, slowing down liquid is discharged, reactor shutdown because of slowing down afunction in inside and outside pair of slowing down pond simultaneously fast.

Embodiment three: the external coupling nuclear reactor in fixed list slowing down pond

As shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, fixed list slowing down pond external coupling nuclear reactor is small-sized to large-scale reactor, is applicable to power station, heat supply and desalinization.Primary tank is detachable combined type structure, has primary tank shell 101.Reactor primary tank is the external coupled structure in single slowing down pond, and it is tubbiness pond type structure that fission pond is positioned at center, and slowing down pond to be positioned at outside fission pond pond type structure in the form of a ring.The neutron that fission pond 201 lateral wall is provided with large area thin-wall configuration exchanges window.Fission pond top cover adopts metal sealing agent to seal, and metal sealing agent is meltable heavy metal alloy, and fission pond top cover adopts high-strength light top cover.Slowing down pond top cover adopts sealing silica gel to seal.Main Coolant is plumbous or lead bismuth alloy, and reactor core is fuel rod reactor core, and fuel assembly can be open type fuel stringer assembly or enclosed fuel stringer assembly, and open type fuel stringer assembly is better than enclosed fuel stringer assembly, can reduce fission pond height.Moderator is heavy water, and slowing down liquid loop is unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, and core Ore-controlling Role is slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role; During shutdown, slowing down liquid is discharged in slowing down pond fast, reactor shutdown because of slowing down afunction.Slowing down pond is provided with propagation bar system, can On-line testing breed fuel, produces U-233 nuclear fuel.

Embodiment four: the external coupling nuclear reactor in mobile model list slowing down pond

As shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, the external fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor in mobile model list slowing down pond is miniature or Small Size Nuclear Power Plant, as ship power.Identical with embodiment six major part, difference is: fuel assembly is enclosed fuel stringer assembly; Slowing down pond 301 arranges break-in slowing down liquid loop, and core Ore-controlling Role is for intercepting screen core Ore-controlling Role.

Embodiment five: the built-in coupling nuclear reactor in single slowing down pond

As shown in Figure 11, Figure 12, the built-in coupling in single slowing down pond nuclear reactor is the small-sized or Micro Core reactor simplified, and heat exchanger and reactor merge into a single whole.Reactor primary tank is the built-in coupled structure in single slowing down pond, and it is tubbiness pond type structure that slowing down pond 301 is positioned at reactor center, and moderator is heavy water or light-water.Fission pond 201 to be positioned at outside slowing down pond 301 pond type structure in the form of a ring.The neutron that fission pond madial wall 203 is provided with large area thin-wall construction exchanges window.Main Coolant is plumbous or lead bismuth alloy, and fission pond can arrange fission pond air chamber; Reactor core adopts solid fuel bar reactor core, and reactor core periphery can arrange convert fuel district, and reactor core arranged outside has shadow zone 258.Slowing down pond arranges slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role (no-mobile reactor) or intercepts screen core Ore-controlling Role (mobile heap); Neutron source mechanism 401 is arranged in fission pond or slowing down pond.Reactor arranged outside heat-exchanger tank 502, a heat conductive wall 503 is shared outside the inner side of heat-exchanger tank and fission pond, heat conductive wall 503 arranged outside heat-transfer pipe 504, Main Coolant is at heat-transfer pipe 504 and fission pond 201 Inner eycle, heat-transfer pipe 504 and heat conductive wall 503 are provided with heat radiator 505, and heat-transfer pipe 504 and heat conductive wall 503 derive reactor core heat jointly.Heat-exchanger tank 502 is equivalent to one, secondary circuit heat exchanger, and secondary circuit cooling medium is water; Primary Ioops arranges explosive pipe 508 and explosive valve 509, when water leakage occurring and entering heat-transfer pipe 504 and enter collecting chamber 507, steam turns to steam, and the steam that proportion is very light upwards enters explosive pipe 508, explosive valve 509 pressurized rupture of membranes discharges water vapor, and the anti-sealing of energy or steam enter reactor core; When water leaks and enters fission pond air chamber 221, the explosive pipe 508 that fission pond top cover 202 is arranged and explosive valve 509 also can discharge water vapor.Fission can arrange fair water fin 234 in pond; Primary Ioops arranges or does not arrange main circulation pump; Primary Ioops arranges main circulation pump 235: Main Coolant is by forced circulation; Primary Ioops does not arrange main circulation pump: Main Coolant is by self-loopa.

Embodiment six: Space Coupling nuclear reactor

As shown in Figure 13, Figure 14, reactor is the miniature of dereliction shell of tank or small space nuclear power unit, and reactor radial direction omits shielding structure, weight reduction.Primary tank is the external coupled structure in single slowing down pond, and it is tubbiness that fission pond 201 is positioned at center, and slowing down pond 301 is positioned at outside for annular tubular, and moderator is graphite, is filled in tubular slowing down pond; Reactor adopts slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role, and slowing down pond 301 does not contact fission pond 201, and slowing down pond 301 moves axially centered by pond 201 of fissioning.Main Coolant is liquid metal, particularly liquid alkali metal, and as lithium-7, reactor core 250 main body is made up of enclosed fuel stringer assembly, and fission pond can arrange mozzle 233.Fission pond 201 heat energy is conducted to thermoelectric conversion device by liquid metal.Slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role exercises moderation of neutrons and core control function, and slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role comprises slowing down pond 301 and slowing down pond driving mechanism.Slowing down pond driving mechanism main body comprises slowing down pond driver 553, clutch coupling, centre pilot 555 and resilient mounting; Centre pilot 555 is axially fixed in fission base plate 205 center, pond.Slowing down pond driver 553 is stepping or electric rotating machine, and centre pilot 555 is screw rod, and rotor axle center is hollow shape, and centre pilot 555 passes from rotor axle center, and rotor rotates around centre pilot 555.During normal operation, clutch coupling engages with centre pilot 555, and motor pushing slowing down pond driving mechanism moves along centre pilot 555 and locates; During shutdown, clutch coupling is separated with centre pilot 555, and slowing down pond 301 retracts or pushes back far-end by resilient mounting, and namely slowing down pond 301 is away from fission pond 201, and reactor core for want of degraded neutron causes reactive decline and shutdown.

Embodiment seven: sidewall is provided with the nuclear reactor fission pond of large area neutron exchanging window

Traditional reactor primary tank only has one, and primary tank does not establish neutron to exchange window, but arranges shielding part prevention neutron to external leakage, and primary containment structure adopts even structure.Large area neutron exchanging window described in above-described embodiment is heterogeneous texture, describes in detail in the present embodiment.

As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor primary tank sidewall 203 can arrange large area neutron exchanging window increases neutron exchange capacity, and neutron exchanging window is generally arranged on fission pond sidewall 203.The region that fission pond sidewall carries out neutron exchange is set to thin-wall configuration, forms neutron exchanging window.Thin-wall configuration adopts frame skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure.Frame skin structure arranges framework 133 at the sidewall sections of neutron exchange area, framework arranged thin plate covering 132, and the fission pond part beyond frame skin structure can adopt non-thin-wall configuration, as base plate, adopts heavy wall structure near the sidewall at bottom and top.Thin-walled reinforcing plate structure be sidewall based on thin-walled 142, thin-walled 142 is arranged gusset 143 and reinforces.Frame skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure can build by disposable integral.Fission pond sidewalls orthogonal symmetric position arranges main frame or main gusset, and lifting load is born by main frame or main gusset.The position large at fission pond load arranges special ruggedized construction, arranges reinforced frame or strengthen gusset as Main Coolant exit.Fission pond sidewall upper limb is set to seal construction and can seals with fission pond top cover, forms airtight fission pond 201 primary tank.

Embodiment eight: the fuel inner bag being built in fuel rod

Fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor adopts fuel stringer assembly reactor core, and traditional fuel rod is that fuel is directly filled in fuel rod.Fuel inner bag 703 is inclusions of fuel, is filled in fuel rod with integral form, isolation fuel and fuel rod.Fuel inner bag 703 bears stress and the corrosion of fuel at first, protection fuel rod clad pipe 728.Fuel inner bag 703 is seals, can long-term storage separately.

As shown in Figure 15, Figure 16 and Figure 17, fuel inner bag 703 main body comprises interior bile duct 705, bottom plug 707, top plug 708, filling material 722, holddown spring 721, injecting hole 709 or air injection pipe 710.Fuel inner bag 703 external diameter is slightly less than fuel rod clad pipe 728 internal diameter, reserved fuel volumetric growth space.Interior bile duct 705 is the involucrum of fuel inner bag 703, and interior bile duct 705 two ends are sealed by bottom plug 707 and top plug 708.Top plug 708 is provided with injecting hole 709 or air injection pipe 710.Arrange filling material (comprising fuel) and holddown spring 721 in fuel inner bag, injecting hole 709 or air injection pipe 710 are for bleeding or gas injection or exhaust; Injecting hole 709 is poroid, and air injection pipe 710 is short tube shape, and injecting hole 709 or air injection pipe 710 can be set to self-opening hermetically-sealed construction, seal after completing gas injection.Fuel inner bag 703 intensification boosting or heat up add boosting after, injecting hole 709 or air injection pipe 710 voluntarily opening exhaust, self-opening hermetically-sealed construction for can burst structure or fusible sealing-plug.Can be burst structure: air injection pipe 710 can burst, and explosion type is low-intensity material explosion or low-intensity structure bursts.Low-intensity material to be air injection pipe 710 material be low-intensity material or the material of intensity step-down after being heated, increase when fuel inner bag 703 temperature raises air pressure inside, and air injection pipe 710 pressurized bursts opening exhaust voluntarily; Low-intensity structure is that air injection pipe 710 arranges explosion groove, and explosion groove place gas injection tube wall is very thin, and air pressure official post explosion groove forms crack, and air injection pipe 710 ftractures and is vented.Fusible sealing-plug: fusible sealing-plug is fusible after intensification, can be made up of single sealant or multiple sealant, multiple sealant is the different sealant of multiple fusing point, the outer fusing point of sealing-plug is lower than internal layer, during sealing, outer layer sealing agent is equivalent to cored solder, after reactor core starts intensification, sealing-plug is heated and melts completely, and injecting hole 709 opens exhaust.Protective cover 711 can be set up in fuel inner bag 703 top, and protective cover 711 is fingerstall tubulose or hat shape, and protective cover 711 is furnished with hole supplied gas and exchanges, protective cover 711 is arranged at outside injecting hole 709 or air injection pipe 710.After fuel inner bag 703 completes gas injection sealing, fingerstall tubulose protective cover 711 is directly welded on plug 708 top, top; When fuel inner bag 703 is loaded into fuel rod, hat shape protective cover 711 is fixed on the plug 708 of top by fuel rod holddown spring.Protective cover 711 prevents explosion thing or splashings contact fuel rod clad pipe 728; Fuel rod or fuel inner bag 703 can fill heat transfer medium, as helium, sodium.

Fuel inner bag 703 direct filler particles fuel preferably, can solve a difficult problem for advanced ceramics fuel not easily sinter molding, fuel inner bag 703 can retrain granular fuel from sinter molding.Fuel particle contacts closely with interior bile duct 705, and interior bile duct 705 bears differential expansion stress at first, after fuel expand into maximum gauge gradually, together with fuel inner bag 703 is pressed in cladding tubes 728, heat transfer efficiency increases, and overall heat transfer efficiency is better than pellet fuel, favourable reduction fuel rod temperature.Initial heat transfer can rely on gas or liquid heat transfer medium, as helium or sodium.Fuel and cladding tubes 728 are isolated by fuel inner bag 703, and alleviate stress and corrosion suffered by cladding tubes 728, cladding tubes 728 not easily breaks, the favourable prolongation fuel rod life-span.Fuel inner bag 703 makes fuel rod clad pipe 728 inwall be subject to insulation blocking, and different with residing environment with the function of cladding tubes 728 according to interior bile duct 705, both can adopt different materials, optimize towards different directions.

Embodiment nine: open type fuel rod

The fission pond of the fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor simplified only is equivalent to core barrel, fission top, pond can arrange fission pond air chamber 221, reactor core can adopt open type fuel stringer assembly, the exhausr port of fuel assembly can reach fission pond air chamber 221, and the fission gas of discharge can not contact Main Coolant.

As shown in Figure 17 and Figure 18, open type fuel stringer assembly is combined by open type fuel rod 700 and forms; Open type fuel rod 700 agent structure is the bar-shaped cladding tubes structure of bottom end closure and top end opening, and top end opening place is provided with degassing conduits 729.

Open type fuel rod 700 main body comprises lower end plug 725, cladding tubes 728, holddown spring 721, upper end plug 726, degassing conduits 729, filling material 722 or fuel inner bag 703.Fuel rod two ends are welded with end plug respectively, bottom is sealed by lower end plug 725, upper end plug 726 arranges opening, opening part is welded with degassing conduits 729, fission gas is discharged by degassing conduits 729, open type fuel rod 700 is without air cavity or have shorter upper gas chamber 717, and filling material 722 or fuel inner bag 703 arrange holddown spring 721; Filling material 722 in fuel rod or fuel inner bag 703 arranges identical, filling material 722 Radionuclide Duan Kefen tri-districts, be respectively lower transition zone 712, fuel region 713 and upper transition zone 714 from the bottom up, upper and lower transition zone only at the beginning of fill fertile nuclide, at the beginning of fuel region 713, fissile nuclide is housed.One or two shadow zone set up by fuel rod filling material, and shadow zone arranges neutron absorber shielding residue neutron, increases reactor core axial shield function.A shadow zone is set: arrange shadow zone at filling material topmost.Two shadow zones are set: shadow zone on the foot of filling material arranges lower shadow zone and top is arranged.Adsorption zone set up by fuel rod filling material 722, adsorption zone filled honeycomb shape solid adsorbent adsorbs fission volatile matter, and adsorption zone is between upper transition zone 714 and upper shadow zone or be positioned at filling material 722 topmost, and adsorption zone and upper shadow zone can switches.Fuel rod filling material has six kinds of primary partition combinations from the bottom up: lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone; Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone; Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-upper shadow zone; Lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone-upper shadow zone; Lower shadow zone-lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-upper shadow zone; Lower shadow zone-lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone-upper shadow zone.

Embodiment ten: open type fuel stringer assembly

Open type fuel stringer assembly is combined by open type fuel rod 700 and forms, and open type fuel stringer assembly is cluster open type fuel assembly or ferrule openings formula fuel assembly; Cluster open type fuel assembly dereliction sleeve pipe, ferrule openings formula fuel assembly has main sleeve pipe 789.Open type fuel assembly top is provided with exhaust component.

As shown in figure 22, cluster open type fuel assembly: cluster open type fuel assembly comprises bottom nozzle 775, cluster bottom gate plate 773, skeleton pipe 776, grid spacer 777, open type fuel rod 700, upper base 774 and exhaust component; Skeleton pipe 776, grid spacer 777 and upper bottom nozzle form the skeleton of fuel assembly jointly, and multiple grid spacer is fixed in skeleton tube bank, and skeleton pipe 776 two ends and upper bottom nozzle are fixed.Skeleton pipe 776 points of amphitypys, the first type is through blank pipe, can be used as guide pipe (as core survey guide pipe); Second-Type is real pipe, and real pipe two ends are welded with end plug, is fixed by end plug and upper bottom nozzle, and be provided with transferable fuel, holddown spring and shorter air cavity in real pipe, real pipe is equivalent to convert fuel rod.Fuel rod passes and restrained location from grid spacer 777.Fuel rod lower end is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate 773, and cluster bottom gate plate 773 is fixed on bottom nozzle 775 upper end or is fixed on skeleton pipe 776.

As shown in figure 23, ferrule openings formula fuel assembly: ferrule openings formula fuel assembly comprises pin 785, cluster bottom gate plate 773, main sleeve pipe 789, open type fuel rod 700 and exhaust component.Pin 785 is provided with seal construction flow leakage prevention, and pin 785 is also provided with fixture construction (as bolt structure) and fixes with reactor core bottom gate plate 256, pin 785 has the structure of multiple cooling medium hand-hole 786 and control leakage current amount.Fuel rod bottom and cluster bottom gate plate 773 are fixed, and cluster bottom gate plate 773 is fixed on main sleeve pipe 789 lower end or pin 785 upper end.

Liquid heavy metal Main Coolant buoyancy is very large, and fuel rod and fuel assembly all must adopt lower end to fix.

As shown in Figure 18, Figure 19, Figure 20 and Figure 21, fixing bottom fuel rod: fuel assembly bottom is provided with cluster bottom gate plate 773, and fuel rod is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate 773, fixed form is that screw thread is fixed or is welded and fixed or inserted fixing.Screw thread is fixed: lower end plug 725 end and cluster bottom gate plate 773 arrange boss 734 for locating, groove 735 and for fixing screw 738, first inlays boss 734 and groove 735 is located (can prevent from fuel rod from rotating to loosen) and carried out screw thread with screw 737 again and fix; Another structure is that under fuel rod, end plug 725 end and cluster bottom gate plate 773 mutually arrange corresponding screw and screw 738 and carry out screw thread and fix.Be welded and fixed: under fuel rod, end plug 725 end arranges notch 742, the notch 742 of the lower end plug 725 of bar shaped screen insertion of cluster bottom gate plate 773 is welded and fixed again.Inserted fixing: under fuel rod, end plug 725 end arranges keyway 747, and cluster bottom gate plate arranges corresponding cluster guide rail, cluster guide rail slides into keyway 747 and carries out inserted fixing.

Fuel rod top is located: open type fuel stringer assembly can arrange cluster top screen 772 and carry out location, fuel rod top, and cluster top screen 772 is fixed on the upper end of fuel assembly main body, namely goes up in base 774 or main sleeve pipe 789 upper end; Cluster top screen 772 is provided with pilot hole and coolant hole, degassing conduits 729 makes fuel rod be located through the pilot hole on cluster top screen 772, arrange antirattle spring between fuel rod upper end plug 726 and cluster top screen 772, antirattle spring is enclosed within degassing conduits 729 base portion.Fuel rod degassing conduits 729 base portion needing top to locate can suitably thicken in overstriking, strengthens the intensity of external force resistance.

Fuel assembly is fixed: the bottom nozzle 775 of fuel stringer assembly or pin 785 fix (as bolt structure) with reactor core bottom gate plate 256.

Fuel assembly top can adopt reactor core top screen 255 to locate, and open type fuel stringer assembly positions through the pilot hole of reactor core top screen 255 to be vented supervisor 755 upper end.

Exhaust component: the top of open type fuel stringer assembly arranges exhaust component, exhaust component main body comprises constriction 751 and exhaust supervisor 755.Constriction 751 is positioned at exhaust component bottom and is connected with fuel assembly main body, and constriction 751 is sleeve-shaped or tubaeform or claw type.Exhaust component top is exhaust supervisor 755, and exhaust supervisor 755 top can arrange blowdown valve 757 or not arrange blowdown valve; The exhaust component arranging blowdown valve 757 is for there being valve exhaust component, and the exhaust component not arranging blowdown valve is valveless exhaust component.

As shown in figure 24, valveless exhaust component: valveless exhaust component comprises constriction 751, degassing conduits boundling 731 and exhaust supervisor 755, degassing conduits 729 becomes through Simple constraint and is directly inserted in exhaust supervisor 755 after degassing conduits boundling 731 closely, degassing conduits 729 can stretch in exhaust supervisor 755, can arrange lifting operating head outside exhaust supervisor 755.

As shown in figure 26, valve exhaust component is had: have valve exhaust member body to comprise constriction 751, Sealed casing pipe 732, degassing conduits boundling 731, seal head 753, exhaust supervisor 755 and blowdown valve 757.Blowdown valve 757 is arranged on exhaust supervisor 755 top, there is degassing conduits 729 in valve exhaust component first after revolving bent constraint at constriction 751, its upper part is constrained to degassing conduits boundling 731 closely again, namely degassing conduits 729 revolves curved state for loose in constriction 751 section, the degassing conduits 729 be twisted has the function of spring-like, have and necessarily bend and stretch function buffering fuel rod distortional stress, and meet the demand of fuel rod irradiation elongation.Sealed casing pipe 732 lower end and constriction 751 upper end are fixed, degassing conduits boundling 731 is inserted in Sealed casing pipe 732, both form the seal head 753 that can be vented afterwards at top integral sealing (as sealed with brazing), exhaust supervisor 755 seals fixing again with Sealed casing pipe 732, fission gas can only be discharged by exhaust supervisor 755 and blowdown valve 757.Cored solder is generally difficult to meet high temperature resistant and erosion-resisting high demand, the seal head 753 of sealed with brazing needs to isolate with Main Coolant, suitable lengthening Sealed casing pipe 732, can retain retention gas 752 in Sealed casing pipe 732 during perfusion Main Coolant, this part retention gas 752 that can not discharge becomes the separation layer of seal head 753 and Main Coolant.Exhaust supervisor 755 is provided with injecting hole 756 or air injection pipe, carries out after fuel assembly manufacture completes vacuumizing with gas injection process and close injecting hole 756 or air injection pipe.

Seal head 753 adopts sealed with brazing, its technological process is: vacuumize after fuel rod completes and close degassing conduits end (as press seal mechanical after induction heating), closing before degassing conduits 729 can perfusion detection gas as required, degassing conduits 729 length is slightly longer than be advisable → the complete main body assembling of fuel rod impermeability and defect detecting test → complete fuel stringer assembly → to degassing conduits 729 of Sealed casing pipe 732 top with top and is annealed and revolve degassing conduits 729 top, bent constraint its underpart → retrain again and form degassing conduits boundling 731 → welding constriction 751 and Sealed casing pipe 732 junctions → connection constraints portion and fuel assembly main body make degassing conduits boundling 731 pack into Sealed casing pipe 732 → carry out surface treatment → heating solder pot to solder fusing (solder melt point is higher than Main Coolant maximum operating temperature) → handstand fuel stringer assembly with gap → sealing place between tinsel jam-pack degassing conduits closely, appropriate depth in solder pot is inserted in sealing place, the least significant end that cooled and solidified becomes seal head 753 → arrange sanding and polishing Sealed casing pipe 732 → cut away seal head 753 is taken out after welding fluid fully immerses, arrange polishing degassing conduits 729 port, guarantee that every root degassing conduits 729 is unimpeded.

Blowdown valve: have valve exhaust component top that blowdown valve 757 is set, blowdown valve 757 is spring type blowdown valve or meltable heavy metal blowdown valve or two blowdown valve; Have the exhaust of valve exhaust component to be responsible in 755 and can arrange exhaust adsorption district, exhaust adsorption district comprises adsorbent steady arm 766, adsorbent 765 and adsorbent holddown spring 767.Adsorbent 765, for being furnished with the bar-shaped box body of sieve aperture, fills adsorbent in it.Adsorbent steady arm 766 is retainer spring or sprung jaws, prevents adsorbent 765 displacement.Adsorbent holddown spring 767 compresses adsorbent 765, anti-gas shock and displacement.

As shown in figure 27, spring type blowdown valve: spring type blowdown valve is cylindric, it comprises valve chest 811, lower valve body 812, upper valve body 813, spring 814, spring positioning head 815 and forcing screw 816; Valve chest is cylindric, and lower valve body 812 side and valve chest 811 are fixed and seal.Lower valve body 812 is the valve mechanism that male and female face is corresponding with upper valve body 813, and male and female face is close to can realize sealing, and male and female face separately can realize exhaust pressure relief; The counter structure of lower convex fovea superior is conducive to air scour and falls coagulum, and valve body is less scaling.Lower valve body 812 center arranges air hole 818, and upper valve body 813 side arranges air hole 818.Upper valve body 813 upper end is connected with spring, spring upper end is connected with spring positioning head 815, forcing screw 816 is holddown spring positioning head 815 downwards, and forcing screw 816 and valve chest 811 upper end are fixed with screw thread, and spring positioning head 815 and forcing screw 816 arrange air hole 818 supplied gas and discharge.

As shown in figure 28, meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve: the valve function of meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve is substituted by liquid heavy metal, meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve comprises annular groove, cap 822, meltable heavy metal 825 and anticreep plug 827.Cap 822 is upper valve body, for blind pipe shape, annular groove is lower valve body, cap 822 and annular groove are formed with the inlaid structure in gap, meltable heavy metal 825 is filled in the gap of annular groove, meltable heavy metal 825 is sealant, and anticreep plug 827 prevents cap 822 de-by the punching of internal high pressure air-flow, as anti-drop screw.The working temperature of meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve is on the fusing point of meltable heavy metal, be equivalent to solder lower than the heavy metal solidified during working temperature and play fixing and sealing function, when pressure release, difference force promotes the U-shaped passage that gas is formed through heavy metal liquid 825, pressure differential is by the proportion of heavy metal liquid and highly decision, annular groove is monomer members or complex component, namely the annular groove of monomer members descends valve body to be that annular groove shape is overall, and the annular groove of complex component is formed by after valve chest 811, lower valve body 812 and center tracheae 831 welded seal.

As shown in figure 29, two blowdown valve: two blowdown valve is connected two blowdown valves in open type fuel assembly top, below blowdown valve is meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve, and top is spring type blowdown valve, and its lower valve body 812 can be used as the anticreep plug 827 of meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve.The advantage of two blowdown valve is good sealing effect, the heavy metal solidified during low temperature can thoroughly seal, and during high temperature, two blowdown valve plays dual fail-safe effect, and heavy metal liquid can also absorb the volatile matter in fission gas, prevent valve body fouling, increase the reliability of spring type blowdown valve.

Claims (42)

1. the implementation method of a fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction, it is characterized in that: reactor primary tank is split as mutually completely isolated fission pond (201) and slowing down pond (301), slowing down pond (301) built-in moderator, fission arranges reactor core (250) in pond, and reactor core has fast neutron reactor core characteristic, to fission pond (201) and slowing down pond (301) is inlayed or packaged type combine mutually, makes both 26S Proteasome Structure and Functions couplings, arranges thermofin, the heat interchange of both obstructs fissioning between pond (201) and slowing down pond (301), be separated with Main Coolant by moderator, fission pond (201) and reactor core (250) are without moderator, and Main Coolant does not pass through slowing down pond (301) by fission pond (201), allow neutron through the structure fission pond (201) and slowing down pond (301), fission pond (201) is made can neutron exchange to be carried out with slowing down pond (301) and carry out being coupled nuclear reaction, the fast neutron that reactor core produces and the coupling nuclear reaction that reactor core (250) can be made simultaneously to carry out fast neutron and degraded neutron (comprising thermal neutron and intermediate neutron) cause from the degraded neutron that slowing down pond (301) internal reflection enters fission pond (201), fission pond (201) has characteristic and the function of fast neutron reactor, thermal neutron nuclear reaction (as thermal neutron capture reaction) can be carried out in slowing down pond (301).

2. the implementation method of a kind of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reaction as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: optimize reactor primary tank materials and structures, the neutron exchanging window of large area thin-wall configuration is set at reactor primary tank sidewall, while guarantee structural strength, increases neutron exchange efficiency; Coupling core Ore-controlling Role is set in slowing down pond (301), utilizes coupling nuclear reaction to implement coupling core control and non-active shutdown; Utilize the controllability displacement in the degraded neutron function of moderator and the controllability of moderator or slowing down pond, exchange by the neutron changed between fission pond (201) and slowing down pond (301) reactivity controlling reactor core (250); Make slowing down pond (301) lose moderation of neutrons function during shutdown, stop slowing down pond (301) to reactor core (250) conveying degraded neutron, the reactive decline fast of reactor core causes chain reaction of nuclear fission not maintain, thus realizes non-active shutdown; Utilize the high efficiency of thermal neutron nuclear reaction, implement the On-line testing of Nuclear fuel breeding and breed fuel, realize the separation of Pa-233/ U-233 conversion and Th-232/ U-233 out-of-pile; Arranging in slowing down pond (301) can the breed fuel system of refuelling online, initial breed fuel raw material is only containing a kind of nucleic Th-232, only carry out the thermal capture nuclear reaction of Th-232, avoid or reduce the dual loss that Pa-233 and U-233 captures neutron that neutron causes and effective nuclear fuel; Optimizing fuel element and Core Design (as adopted candle formula Core Design), improving nuclear reaction efficiency and burn-up rate; By low for reactor primary tank dwarfing, simplification, cost degradation and modularization, the integral replacing in enforcement fission pond or enforcement fission pond module disposable retired (fission pond is retired with reactor core replacing); By reactor major component module, make reactor detachable and combination; Adopt the sleeve pipe of easily restructuring to connect and method for splitting, simplify fractionation and the restructuring of reactor module, sleeve pipe connects and method for splitting is vertical socket or non-perpendicular socket or non-perpendicular turn of vertical socket; Vertical socket: joint sleeve (175) is longer to be repeatedly used, below tube head is fixing tube head (176), and top tube head is detachable tube head (177), and two tube heads, in same vertical central, are installed with vertical lifting; Before first connection, be welded on lower tube head (179) in advance by joint sleeve (175), during connection, upper tube head (178) is aimed at and is inserted joint sleeve (175) a little and welds afterwards, and face of weld is simple to operate upward and welding effect best; During fractionation only need below the weld of joint sleeve (175) upper end cutting and separating, joint sleeve (175) shortens slightly; Clear up the residue in joint sleeve (175) during restructuring, upper tube head compares previous suitable lengthening, repeats previous connection flow process; Non-perpendicular socket: non-perpendicular socket is based on horizontal pipe connection, install with vertical lifting, being connected to the tube head split in module is detachable tube head (177), another corresponding tube head is fixing tube head (176), joint sleeve (175) is shorter is disposable unit, successively lengthens joint sleeve (175) or the detachable tube head of appropriate lengthening (177) on demand later; On fixing tube head (176), put joint sleeve (175) in advance during connection but wouldn't weld, the sleeve pipe that is slidably connected (175) exposes fixing tube head (176), puts joint sleeve (175), then weld two ends respectively after two tube head alignment; Whole joint sleeve (175) need be cut away during fractionation, change the new joint sleeve (175) be of convenient length when reconfiguring, repeat previous connection flow process; The welding difficulty of non-perpendicular socket is high, and welding effect not easily ensures; Non-perpendicular turn of vertically socket: two pipelines of connection are non-perpendicular pipeline, two tube heads that need connect are separately converted to the vertical tube head of concentric with elbow, fixing tube head (176) under, detachable tube head (177) upper, connection thereafter, fractionation and recombination method with vertical be socketed identical.

3. a fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor, it is characterized in that: reactor primary tank comprises and intercouples and fission pond (201) completely isolated each other and slowing down pond (301), fission pond (201) built-in reactor core (250), reactor core has the characteristic of fast neutron reactor core, slowing down pond (301) built-in moderator, moderator is separated with Main Coolant, and moderator does not enter fission pond, and Main Coolant does not enter slowing down pond (301); Arrange thermofin between fission pond (201) and slowing down pond (301), thermofin is vacuum structure or filling with insulation material, and fission pond (201) and slowing down pond (301) can carry out neutron exchange but heat interchange is blocked; Main Coolant is liquid metal or fused salt; Moderator is solid-state moderator or liquid moderator; Solid-state moderator is graphite or carbonide or beryllium compound, particularly graphite; Liquid moderator is heavy water or heavy aqueous solution or light-water or light-water solution, particularly heavy water; The slowing down pond of filling liquid moderator arranges moderator loop; Fission pond (201) and slowing down pond (301) is combined to form primary tank coupling configurations, and primary tank coupling configurations is the built-in coupled structure in single slowing down pond or the external coupled structure in single slowing down pond or two slowing down ponds coupled structure; The built-in coupled structure in single slowing down pond is that to be positioned at reactor center be tubbiness pond type structure in slowing down pond (301), and fission pond (201) is positioned at outside, slowing down pond (301) pond type structure in the form of a ring; The external coupled structure in single slowing down pond is that to be positioned at reactor center be tubbiness pond type structure in fission pond (201), and slowing down pond (301) are positioned at fission pond (201) outside pond type structure or barrel-shaped structure in the form of a ring; Two slowing down ponds coupled structure is that to be positioned at reactor center be tubbiness pond type structure to interior slowing down pond (302), and outer slowing down pond (303) is positioned at outside for ring-type pond type structure, and fission pond (201) be that ring-type pond type constructs between inside and outside slowing down pond; The fixed sturcture that primary tank coupling configurations is detachable fabricated structure or can not be split; Reactor primary tank periphery can arrange primary tank shell (101), and primary tank shell (101) is a pond type metal shell thickeied, and fission pond (201) and slowing down pond (301) is placed and is fixed within primary tank shell (101).

4. one kind is provided with the nuclear reactor primary tank of large area neutron exchanging window, it is characterized in that: fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor primary tank sidewall can arrange large area neutron exchanging window, neutron exchanging window is thin-wall configuration, and thin-wall configuration is frame skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure; Frame skin structure arranges framework (133) at the sidewall sections of neutron exchange area, framework is arranged thin plate covering (132), primary tank part beyond frame skin structure can adopt non-thin-wall configuration, as base plate, adopts heavy wall structure near the sidewall at bottom and top; Thin-walled reinforcing plate structure be sidewall based on thin-walled (142), thin-walled (142) is arranged gusset (143) reinforce; Frame skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure can build by disposable integral; Primary tank sidewalls orthogonal symmetric position can arrange main frame or main gusset, and lifting load is born by main frame or main gusset; The position large at primary tank load can arrange special ruggedized construction, arranges reinforced frame or strengthen gusset as Main Coolant exit.

5. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: fission pond sidewall (203) can arrange large area thin-wall configuration as neutron exchanging window, and thin-wall configuration is frame skin structure or thin-walled reinforcing plate structure; Between fission pond sidewall (203) and slowing down pond sidewall (306), sidewall thermofin (211) is set, sidewall insulating layer material is solid particle, and fission pond sidewall (203) and slowing down pond sidewall (306) are transmitted lateral pressure by sidewall thermofin (211) and formed mutual lateral support; Fission can arrange heat-insulating load-bearing layer (212) bottom pond, and heat-insulating load-bearing layer (212) is blocks of solid, as thermal insulation ceramics block.

6. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: fission pond top cover (202) or slowing down pond top cover (305) can adopt sealant (154) to seal; Sealant (154) is metal sealing agent or fluid sealant, and metal sealing agent is fusible metal or fusible alloy, as tin, sn-bi alloy, lead, lead bismuth alloy, terne metal, plumbous bismuth ashbury metal; Fluid sealant is the corrosion resistant fluid sealant of resistance to gentleness, and as sealing silica gel, fluid sealant is applicable to low form container (as slowing down pond); Container side wall (150) upper limb arranges annular ditch groove (152), and container cap (151) outer rim arranges ring-type skirtboard (153) downwards; The hermetically-sealed construction of top cover and sidewall can arrange locking device (155), and locking device is thread structure or bolt structure or elastic force jig; The liquid sealant (154) that during capping, first uniform filling is appropriate in annular ditch groove (152), inserts ring-type skirtboard in annular ditch groove before sealant solidifies, then fastening locking device (155), and sealant (154) solidifies and namely forms seal construction; Metal sealing agent is solidified and is made top cover and sidewall form firmly hermetically-sealed construction, and during separation, heated sealant structure makes metal sealing agent melt; Adopt the hermetically-sealed construction of fusible metal that can heating arrangement be set; The inner edge of the annular ditch groove (152) on container side wall can prevent sealant from falling in container higher than outer rim.

7. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: slowing down pond (301) material is the metal that neutron transparency is high, as aluminium, aluminium alloy, zircaloy, aluminium zircaloy, aluminum titanium alloy, zirconium-niobium alloy, nickel alumin(i)um alloy; Adopt the slowing down pool surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy to plate the metal of resistance to water erosion, the metal of resistance to water erosion is zirconium or nickel or titanium.

8. one kind is built in the fuel inner bag of fuel rod, it is characterized in that: fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor adopts fuel stringer assembly reactor core, fuel inner bag (703) parcel filling material (722) can be set in fuel rod, namely filling material (722) is filled in fuel inner bag (703), filling material (722) does not directly contact fuel rod clad pipe (728), filling material (722) comprises fuel, and fuel inner bag (703) constructs for bar-shaped involucrum.

9. fuel inner bag as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: fuel inner bag (703) main body comprises interior bile duct (705), bottom plug (707), top plug (708), filling material (722), holddown spring (721), injecting hole (709) or air injection pipe (710), fuel inner bag (703) external diameter is slightly less than fuel rod clad pipe (728) internal diameter, reserved fuel volumetric growth space, the involucrum that interior bile duct (705) is fuel inner bag (703), interior bile duct (705) two ends are sealed by bottom plug (707) and top plug (708), top plug (708) is provided with injecting hole (709) or air injection pipe (710), filling material (722) and holddown spring (721) are set in fuel inner bag, injecting hole (709) or air injection pipe (710) are for bleeding or gas injection or exhaust, injecting hole (709) is for poroid, air injection pipe (710) is short tube shape, injecting hole (709) or air injection pipe (710) can be set to self-opening hermetically-sealed construction, injecting hole (709) or air injection pipe (710) seal after completing gas injection, fuel inner bag (703) intensification boosting or heat up add boosting after, the opening exhaust voluntarily of injecting hole (709) or air injection pipe (710), self-opening hermetically-sealed construction is structure or the fusible sealing-plug of can bursting, can be burst structure: air injection pipe (710) can burst, explosion type is low-intensity material explosion or low-intensity structure bursts, low-intensity material to be air injection pipe (710) material be low-intensity material or the material of intensity step-down after being heated, when fuel inner bag (703) temperature raise air pressure inside increase, air injection pipe (710) pressurized burst voluntarily opening exhaust, low-intensity structure is that air injection pipe (710) arranges explosion groove, and explosion groove place gas injection tube wall is very thin, and air pressure official post explosion groove forms crack, the exhaust of air injection pipe (710) cracking, fusible sealing-plug: fusible sealing-plug is fusible after intensification, can be made up of single sealant or multiple sealant, multiple sealant is the different sealant of multiple fusing point, the outer fusing point of sealing-plug is lower than internal layer, during sealing, outer layer sealing agent is equivalent to cored solder, after reactor core starts intensification, sealing-plug is heated and melts completely, and injecting hole (709) opens exhaust, protective cover (711) can be set up in fuel inner bag (703) top, protective cover (711) is fingerstall tubulose or hat shape, protective cover (711) is furnished with hole supplied gas to exchange, protective cover (711) is arranged at injecting hole (709) or air injection pipe (710) outward, fingerstall tubulose protective cover (711) is directly welded on plug (708) top, top after fuel inner bag (703) completes gas injection sealing, hat shape protective cover (711) is fixed on top plug (708) by fuel rod holddown spring, and protective cover (711) prevents explosion thing or splashings contact fuel rod clad pipe (728), fuel rod or fuel inner bag (703) can fill heat transfer medium, as helium, sodium.

10. open type fuel rod and an assembly thereof, is characterized in that: the reactor core of fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactor can adopt open type fuel stringer assembly; Open type fuel stringer assembly is combined by open type fuel rod (700) and forms; Open type fuel rod (700) agent structure is the bar-shaped cladding tubes structure of bottom end closure and top end opening, and top end opening place is provided with degassing conduits (729); The fuel assembly top of open type fuel rod (700) is adopted to be provided with exhaust component; Open type fuel rod (700) forms open type fuel stringer assembly, and open type fuel stringer assembly is cluster open type fuel assembly or ferrule openings formula fuel assembly; Cluster open type fuel assembly dereliction sleeve pipe, ferrule openings formula fuel assembly has main sleeve pipe (789).

11. open type fuel rod as claimed in claim 10 and assemblies thereof, it is characterized in that: open type fuel rod (700) main body comprises lower end plug (725), cladding tubes (728), holddown spring (721), upper end plug (726), degassing conduits (729), filling material (722) or fuel inner bag (703), fuel rod two ends are welded with end plug respectively, bottom is sealed by lower end plug (725), (726) arrange opening to upper end plug, opening part is welded with degassing conduits (729), fission gas is discharged by degassing conduits (729), open type fuel rod (700) is without air cavity or have shorter upper gas chamber (717), filling material (722) or fuel inner bag (703) arrange holddown spring (721), filling material (722) in fuel rod or fuel inner bag (703) arranges identical, filling material (722) Radionuclide Duan Kefen tri-districts, be respectively lower transition zone (712), fuel region (713) and upper transition zone (714) from the bottom up, upper and lower transition zone only at the beginning of fill fertile nuclide, fuel region is equipped with fissile nuclide at the beginning of (713), filling material (722) can set up one or two shadow zone, and shadow zone arranges neutron absorber shielding residue neutron, increases reactor core axial shield function, a shadow zone is set: filling material topmost arranges a upper shadow zone, two shadow zones are set: the foot of filling material (722) arranges lower shadow zone and filling material (722) top and arranges shadow zone, filling material (722) can set up adsorption zone, adsorption zone filled honeycomb shape solid adsorbent adsorbs fission volatile matter, adsorption zone is positioned between transition zone (714) and upper shadow zone or is positioned at filling material (722) topmost, and adsorption zone and upper shadow zone can switches, fuel rod filling material (722) has six kinds of primary partition combinations from the bottom up: lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone, lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone, lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-upper shadow zone, lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone-upper shadow zone, lower shadow zone-lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-upper shadow zone, lower shadow zone-lower transition zone-fuel region-upper transition zone-adsorption zone-upper shadow zone.

12. open type fuel rod as claimed in claim 11 and assemblies thereof, is characterized in that: cluster open type fuel assembly comprises bottom nozzle (775), cluster bottom gate plate (773), skeleton pipe (776), grid spacer (777), open type fuel rod (700), upper base (774) and exhaust component, skeleton pipe (776), grid spacer (777) and upper bottom nozzle form the skeleton of fuel assembly jointly, and multiple grid spacer is fixed in skeleton tube bank, and skeleton pipe (776) two ends and upper bottom nozzle are fixed, skeleton pipe (776) point amphitypy, first type is through blank pipe, can be used as guide pipe (as core survey guide pipe), Second-Type is real pipe, real pipe two ends are welded with end plug, fixed by end plug and upper bottom nozzle, be provided with transferable fuel, holddown spring and shorter air cavity in real pipe, real pipe is equivalent to convert fuel rod, fuel rod passes and restrained location from grid spacer (777), and fuel rod lower end is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate (773), and cluster bottom gate plate (773) is fixed on bottom nozzle (775) upper end or is fixed on skeleton pipe (776), ferrule openings formula fuel assembly comprises pin (785), cluster bottom gate plate (773), main sleeve pipe (789), open type fuel rod (700) and exhaust component, pin (785) is provided with seal construction flow leakage prevention, pin (785) is also provided with fixture construction (as bolt structure) and fixes with reactor core bottom gate plate (256), pin (785) there is the structure of multiple cooling medium hand-hole (786) and control leakage current amount, fuel rod bottom and cluster bottom gate plate (773) are fixed, cluster bottom gate plate (773) is fixed on main sleeve pipe (789) lower end or pin (785) upper end, main sleeve pipe (789) outer upper can arrange the distance between cushion block maintenance assembly, open type fuel stringer assembly arranges or does not arrange cluster top screen, cluster top screen is set: cluster top screen (772) is fixed on the upper end of fuel assembly main body, namely go up in base (774) or main sleeve pipe (789) upper end, cluster top screen (772) is provided with pilot hole and coolant hole, degassing conduits (729) makes fuel rod be located through the pilot hole on cluster top screen (772), arrange antirattle spring between fuel rod upper end plug (726) and cluster top screen (772), antirattle spring is enclosed within degassing conduits (729) base portion, degassing conduits (729) base portion needing top to locate can suitably thicken in overstriking, strengthens the intensity of external force resistance.

13. open type fuel rod as claimed in claim 12 and assemblies thereof, is characterized in that: the top of open type fuel stringer assembly arranges exhaust component, and exhaust component main body comprises constriction (751) and exhaust supervisor (755); Constriction (751) is positioned at exhaust component bottom and is connected with fuel assembly main body, and constriction (751) is sleeve-shaped or tubaeform or claw type, is provided with cooling medium and portals; Sleeve-shaped constriction upper end can arrange constriction bearing plate (761), and constriction bearing plate (761) can arrange the fixture construction being connected miscellaneous part, as joint sleeve, thread structure; Exhaust component top is exhaust supervisor (755), and exhaust supervisor (755) top arranges blowdown valve (757) or do not arrange blowdown valve; The exhaust component arranging blowdown valve (757) is for there being valve exhaust component, and the exhaust component not arranging blowdown valve is valveless exhaust component; Outside exhaust component, lifting operating head can be set; Valveless exhaust component: valveless exhaust component comprises constriction (751), degassing conduits boundling (731) and exhaust supervisor (755), degassing conduits (729) becomes through Simple constraint and is directly inserted in exhaust supervisor (755) after degassing conduits boundling (731) closely, and degassing conduits (729) can stretch in exhaust supervisor (755).

14. open type fuel rod as claimed in claim 13 and assemblies thereof, it is characterized in that: have valve exhaust member body to comprise constriction (751), Sealed casing pipe (732), degassing conduits boundling (731), seal head (753), exhaust supervisor (755) and blowdown valve (757), blowdown valve (757) is arranged on exhaust supervisor (755) top, there is degassing conduits (729) in valve exhaust component first after revolving bent constraint at constriction (751), its upper part is constrained to degassing conduits boundling (731) closely again, namely degassing conduits (729) revolves curved state for loose in constriction (751) section, and meet the demand of fuel rod irradiation elongation, Sealed casing pipe (732) lower end and constriction (751) upper end are fixed, degassing conduits boundling (731) is inserted in Sealed casing pipe (732), both form the seal head (753) that can be vented afterwards at top integral sealing (as sealed with brazing), exhaust supervisor (755) seals fixing again with Sealed casing pipe (732), fission gas can only be discharged by exhaust supervisor (755) and blowdown valve (757), Sealed casing pipe (732) can suitably lengthen, retention gas (752) can be retained in Sealed casing pipe (732) during perfusion Main Coolant, this part retention gas (752) that can not discharge becomes the separation layer of seal head (753) and Main Coolant, exhaust supervisor (755) is provided with injecting hole (756) or air injection pipe, carry out after fuel assembly manufacture completes vacuumizing with gas injection process and close injecting hole (756) or air injection pipe, seal head (753) can adopt sealed with brazing, its technological process is: vacuumize after fuel rod completes and close degassing conduits end (as press seal mechanical after induction heating), closing that degassing conduits (729) is front can perfusion detection gas as required, degassing conduits (729) length is slightly longer than be advisable → the complete main body assembling of fuel rod impermeability and defect detecting test → complete fuel stringer assembly → to degassing conduits (729) of Sealed casing pipe (732) top with top and is annealed and revolve degassing conduits (729) top, bent constraint its underpart → retrain again and form degassing conduits boundling (731) → welding constriction (751) closely and Sealed casing pipe (732) junction → connection constraints portion and fuel assembly main body and make degassing conduits boundling (731) pack into Sealed casing pipe (732) → carry out surface treatment → heating solder pot to solder fusing (solder melt point is higher than Main Coolant maximum operating temperature) → handstand fuel stringer assembly with gap → sealing place between tinsel jam-pack degassing conduits, appropriate depth in solder pot is inserted in sealing place, the least significant end that cooled and solidified becomes seal head (753) → arrangement sanding and polishing Sealed casing pipe (732) → cut away seal head (753) is taken out after welding fluid fully immerses, arrange polishing degassing conduits (729) port, guarantee that every root degassing conduits (729) is unimpeded.

15. open type fuel rod as claimed in claim 14 and assemblies thereof, is characterized in that: have valve exhaust component top to arrange blowdown valve (757), and blowdown valve (757) is spring type blowdown valve or meltable heavy metal blowdown valve or two blowdown valve, spring type blowdown valve: spring type blowdown valve is cylindric, it comprises valve chest (811), lower valve body (812), upper valve body (813), spring (814), spring positioning head (815) and forcing screw (816), valve chest is cylindric, lower valve body (812) side and valve chest (811) are fixed and seal, lower valve body (812) and upper valve body (813) are valve mechanism corresponding to male and female face, male and female face is close to can realize sealing, male and female face separately can realize exhaust pressure relief, lower valve body (812) center arranges air hole (818), upper valve body (813) side arranges air hole (818), upper valve body (813) upper end is connected with spring, spring upper end is connected with spring positioning head (815), forcing screw (816) is holddown spring positioning head (815) downwards, forcing screw (816) and valve chest (811) upper end are fixed with screw thread, spring positioning head (815) and forcing screw (816) arrange air hole (818) supplied gas and discharge, meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve: the valve function of meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve is substituted by liquid heavy metal, meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve comprises annular groove, cap (822), meltable heavy metal (825) and anticreep plug (827), cap (822) is upper valve body, for blind pipe shape, annular groove is lower valve body, cap (822) and annular groove are formed with the inlaid structure in gap, meltable heavy metal (825) is filled in the gap of annular groove, meltable heavy metal (825) is sealant, anticreep plug (827) prevents cap (822) de-by the punching of internal high pressure air-flow, as anti-drop screw, annular groove is monomer members or complex component, namely the annular groove of monomer members descends valve body to be that annular groove shape is overall, the annular groove of complex component is by valve chest (811), form after lower valve body (812) and center tracheae (831) welded seal, two blowdown valve: two blowdown valve is connected two blowdown valves in open type fuel assembly top, below blowdown valve is meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve, top is spring type blowdown valve, and the lower valve body (812) of spring type blowdown valve can be used as the anticreep plug (827) of meltable huge sum of money genotype blowdown valve, have the exhaust of valve exhaust component to be responsible in (755) and can arrange exhaust adsorption district, exhaust adsorption district comprises adsorbent steady arm (766), adsorbent (765) and adsorbent holddown spring (767), adsorbent (765), for being furnished with the bar-shaped box body of sieve aperture, fills adsorbent in it, adsorbent steady arm (766) is retainer spring or sprung jaws, prevents adsorbent (765) displacement, adsorbent holddown spring (767) compresses adsorbent (765), anti-gas shock and displacement.

16. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: reactor core (250) is solid-state reactor core, and reactor core can arrange the radial subregion of two kinds or three kinds characteristics; The radial subregion of two kinds of characteristics: the region in close slowing down pond is coupled zone, and away from slowing down pond is Kuai Pu district; The radial subregion of three kinds of characteristics: set up buffer zone and strengthen reactor core security between coupled zone and Kuai Pu district; Thermal neutron and fast neutron nuclear reaction are carried out in coupled zone simultaneously, and its propellant composition proportioning is close to thermal neutron reactor core; Kuai Pu district carries out fast neutron nuclear reaction, and its propellant composition proportioning is close to fast neutron reactor core; Buffer zone propellant composition proportioning characteristic is determined by reactor core safety Design; Breeding blanket or shadow zone (258) can be set up in reactor core periphery; Reactor core is made up of fuel assembly, and fuel assembly is made up of fuel rod, and fuel rod is open type fuel rod (700) or enclosed fuel rod (795); Fuel assembly is cluster fuel assembly or sleeve pipe fuel assembly, cluster fuel assembly dereliction sleeve pipe, and sleeve pipe fuel assembly has main sleeve pipe (789); Enclosed fuel rod (795) forms cluster enclosed fuel assembly or sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly; Open type fuel rod (700) forms cluster open type fuel assembly or ferrule openings formula fuel assembly; Fuel assembly is bottom fixed form, and bottom fixed form can be that reactor core bottom gate plate (256) is fixed, and the bottom nozzle (775) of fuel stringer assembly or pin (785) fix (as bolt structure) with reactor core bottom gate plate (256); Fuel assembly top can adopt reactor core top screen (255) to locate, enclosed fuel stringer assembly positions with the fastening screw of upper end (782) and reactor core top screen (255), and open type fuel stringer assembly positions with pilot hole be vented supervisor (755) upper end and pass reactor core top screen (255); Fuel assembly bottom is provided with cluster bottom gate plate (773), and fuel rod is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate (773), and fixed form can be screw thread and fixes or be welded and fixed or inserted fixing; Screw thread is fixed: lower end plug (725) end and cluster bottom gate plate (773) arrange boss (734), groove (735) and the screw (738) for fixing for locating, first inlay boss (734) and groove (735) location is used screw (737) to carry out screw thread to fix again, another structure to be end plug under fuel rod (725) end with cluster bottom gate plate (773) arranged mutually corresponding screw and screw (738) carry out screw thread to be fixed; Be welded and fixed: under fuel rod, end plug (725) end arranges notch (742), the notch (742) of the lower end plug (725) of bar shaped screen insertion of cluster bottom gate plate (773) is welded and fixed again; Inserted fixing: under fuel rod, end plug (725) end arranges keyway (747), and cluster bottom gate plate arranges corresponding cluster guide rail, cluster guide rail slides into keyway (747) and carries out inserted fixing.

17. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that: the agent structure of enclosed fuel rod (795) is the bar-shaped cladding tubes structure of closed at both ends, enclosed fuel rod (795) comprises lower end plug (725), cladding tubes (728), air cavity (717), holddown spring (721), upper end plug (726), filling material (722) or fuel inner bag (703), upper end plug (726) and lower end plug (725) sealed packet package (728) two ends, long air cavity (717) is had in cladding tubes (728), air cavity is positioned at top or bottom, filling material (722) or fuel inner bag (703) arrange holddown spring (721), filling material (722) in fuel rod or fuel inner bag (703) arranges identical, the nucleic Duan Fensange district of filling material, be respectively from the bottom up: lower transition zone (712), fuel region (713) and upper transition zone (714), transition zone only at the beginning of fill fertile nuclide, fuel region is equipped with fissile nuclide at the beginning of (713), enclosed fuel stringer assembly is cluster enclosed fuel assembly or sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly, cluster enclosed fuel assembly: cluster enclosed fuel assembly comprises bottom nozzle (775), cluster bottom gate plate (773), skeleton pipe (776), grid spacer (777), enclosed fuel rod (795) and upper base (774), skeleton pipe (776), grid spacer (777) and upper bottom nozzle form the skeleton of fuel stringer assembly jointly, and multiple grid spacer (777) is fixed in skeleton tube bank, and skeleton pipe (776) two ends and upper bottom nozzle are fixed, skeleton pipe (776) is amphitypy, and the first type is through blank pipe, can be used as guide pipe (as measurement guide pipe), Second-Type is real pipe, and real pipe two ends are welded with end plug, and end plug and upper bottom nozzle (775) are fixed, and be provided with transferable fuel, holddown spring and shorter air cavity in pipe, real pipe is equivalent to convert fuel rod, fuel rod passes and restrained location from grid spacer (777), fuel rod is fixed on cluster bottom gate plate (773), and cluster bottom gate plate (773) is fixed on bottom nozzle (775) upper end or is fixed on skeleton pipe (776), bottom nozzle (775) is provided with fastening screw (782) or pin hole and reactor core bottom gate plate (256) and locates, and bottom nozzle (775) is provided with fixture construction (as bolt structure) and is fixed on by assembly on reactor core bottom gate plate (256), upper base (774) has fastening screw (782) to locate with the pin hole on reactor core top screen (255), sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly: sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly comprises pin (785), cluster bottom gate plate (773), main sleeve pipe (789) and enclosed fuel rod (795), pin (785) is provided with seal construction flow leakage prevention, pin (785) is also provided with fixture construction (as bolt structure) and fixes with reactor core bottom gate plate (256), pin (785) there is the structure of multiple cooling medium hand-hole (786) and control leakage current amount, main sleeve pipe (789) lower end is connected with pin (785), fuel rod is positioned at main sleeve pipe (789), shield can be set up on fuel rod, location, fuel rod stage casing adopts grid location or wrapping wire location, fuel rod bottom and cluster bottom gate plate (773) are fixed, cluster bottom gate plate (773) is fixed on main sleeve pipe (789) lower end or pin (785) upper end, main sleeve pipe (789) top is provided with lifting operating head and coolant outlet, main outside of sleeve top can arrange the distance between cushion block (791) maintenance assembly.

18. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 17, it is characterized in that: fission top, pond can arrange fission pond air chamber (221), the gas that fission pond produces enters fission pond air chamber (221); Adopt the fission pond (201) of open type fuel stringer assembly that double-deck fission pond air chamber can be set; Double-deck fission pond air chamber is set: exhaust supervisor (755) of open type fuel stringer assembly is through reactor core top screen (255), and reactor core top screen (255) pond air chamber (221) of will fission is divided into fission pond upper chamber (222) and pond lower chamber (223) of fissioning; Reactor arranges fission gas cleaning system, and fission gas cleaning system is gas circulating purification system, and function is cooling-part and removes the fission gas composition with chemical activity and core reactivity, as iodine, xenon, bromine, caesium; Fission gas cleaning system is closed gas circulating circuit, and fission gas cleaning system comprises fission pond air chamber (221), aspiration pump (912), gas purification cooling chamber (913), gas tank (916), distribution tank (915), gas preparing room (914), air delivery pump (917), flowrate control valve (937) and supervising device; Fission gas is cleaned at gas purification cooling chamber (913), unnecessary Purge gas is pressed into gas tank and stores, gas preparing room (914) will transfer the gas in distribution tank (as oxygen tank, hydrogen gas tank, argon tanks) as required, the gas componant of allotment is made to reach particular/special requirement, as oxygen level; Gas flow in the air chamber of double-deck fission pond is that recyclegas is introduced into fission pond lower chamber (223), fission pond upper chamber (222) is entered again by the gap between 2 air chambers, then fission pond is discharged, the recyclegas flowed from the bottom up is taken away fission gas and is stopped fission gas contact Main Coolant, prevents harmful gas from polluting Main Coolant; The workflow of fission gas cleaning system is: fission pond air chamber → aspiration pump → gas purification cooling chamber → gas preparing room → air delivery pump → gas flow control valve → fission pond air chamber.

19. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that: cluster enclosed fuel assembly, sleeve pipe enclosed fuel assembly, cluster open type fuel assembly or ferrule openings formula fuel assembly four kinds of fuel stringer assemblies can have half corresponding shape assembly or special-shaped assembly respectively, half shape assembly or special-shaped assembly are filled a vacancy to incising of reactor core edge, make the coupled zone structure convergence at reactor core edge complete; Half shape assembly square section is the half of the corresponding cross section diagonal line cutting of assembly, and special-shaped assembly square section can be arbitrary shape, and effect of filling a vacancy is depended in the selection of shape.

20. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that: reactor core can be candle formula reactor core, candle formula reactor core progressively burns from the bottom up, first dress fissile nuclide is mainly distributed in below reactor fuel district, its concentration ladder is low on lower height, top fuel is accumulated by breeder reaction, and on its accumulative speed and combustion zone, the speed of moving adapts, and reactor core burn-up rate is more higher toward bottom.

21. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that: reactor core (250) below arranges reactor core base (251), reactor core (250) is fixed on reactor core base (251), and reactor core base (251) is then fixed in fission pond base plate (205).

22. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: slowing down pond (301) filling liquid moderator, slowing down pond is provided with slowing down liquid loop, and slowing down liquid is cooled by slowing down liquid refrigeratory (602); Reactor arranges core Ore-controlling Role regulation and control core power and performs shutdown work, and core Ore-controlling Role is slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role or intercepts screen core Ore-controlling Role or slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role or control rod core Ore-controlling Role; Slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role is arranged in slowing down liquid loop, and this slowing down liquid loop is unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, and slowing down liquid inputs from slowing down pond (301) top all the time; Slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role changes neutron by the liquid level of moderator in regulation and control slowing down pond and exchanges and neutron spectrum, thus reaches the reactive object of regulation and control reactor core, and in case of emergency automatically performs non-active shutdown; In unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, slowing down liquid is not full of slowing down pond, and reactor moves and slowing down fluid wave can be caused to move, and slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role is not suitable for mobile model reactor; Intercept screen core Ore-controlling Role and also have slowing down liquid loop, it comprises slowing down liquid loop and intercepts screen mechanism, this slowing down liquid loop is break-in slowing down liquid loop, during normal operation, slowing down liquid exports from input top, slowing down pond (301) bottom, slowing down pond is full of slowing down liquid in (301), not by reactor moving influence; During shutdown, the break-in of slowing down liquid is that slowing down pond (301) do not accumulate slowing down liquid from the input of slowing down pond (301) top; Intercept screen core Ore-controlling Role and regulate and control reactor core reactivity by the mode intercepting neutron exchange, it does not have slowing down fluid wave to move, and is suitable for mobile model reactor, can be used for fixed reactor yet; Slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role moves integrally slowing down pond (301), by changing the coupled structure of slowing down pond (301) and fission pond (201), neutron is exchanged and coupling nuclear reaction change, thus regulation and control reactor core is reactive, slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role is applicable to miniature or small cores reactor, particularly nuclear reactor for space.

23. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 22, it is characterized in that: unidirectional slowing down liquid loop is from slowing down pond (301) top input slowing down liquid, its main body comprises slowing down pond (301), liquid storage tank (601), slowing down liquid, infusion pump (632), woven hose (633), bubbler (631), recirculatory pipe (635) and slowing down liquid refrigeratory (602), unidirectional slowing down liquid loop is promoted by infusion pump (632), and its circulating path is: liquid storage tank → infusion pump → bubbler → slowing down pond → recirculatory pipe → slowing down liquid refrigeratory → liquid storage tank; Liquid storage tank (601) position is lower than slowing down pond (301), and slowing down liquid relies on gravity reflux, and liquid storage tank (601) is larger with the drop larger backflow potential energy in slowing down pond (301); Woven hose (633) is provided with infusion pump (632), infusion pump (632) is quantitatively to slowing down pond supply slowing down liquid, woven hose (633) connection liquid storage tank (601) bottoms, other end connects the bubbler (631) on slowing down pond (301) top, bubbler (631) main body is a container being provided with nozzle or pipe fitting (as the grid plate-shaped container of hollow or mesh duct or branched pipeline), its function to spray or slowing down liquid is distributed to each device surface in slowing down pond by spray pattern, and slowing down liquid trickles the heat taken away on device from the top down; Recirculatory pipe (635) is large diameter pipeline, to meet the requirement of scram; Slowing down liquid refrigeratory (602) is cooling and the temperature regulating device of slowing down liquid, its to be arranged in liquid storage tank or outside; The parts surface of slowing down pond domestic demand cooling can arrange silk screen, needs cooling-part surface to arrange silk screen and covers, and silk screen slows down slowing down liquid trickling speed, helps slowing down liquid to be uniformly distributed at parts surface, and prevents slowing down liquid from splashing.

24. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 23, is characterized in that: slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role main body comprises unidirectional slowing down liquid loop, gas equalizing line (638) and liquid flow control mechanism; Gas equalizing line (638) is communicated with (301) top, slowing down pond and liquid storage tank (601) top, balances the air pressure in two ponds; Liquid flow control mechanism comprises liquid flowing controller (605), shutdown valve (611), monitoring device and operation circuit; Liquid flowing controller (605) forms for single motor variable valve or by multiple electric control valve, and its function is fine adjustment slowing down pit level; Shutdown valve (611) is normally off, opens during shutdown, and shutdown valve (611) can be the normally closed electrically operated valve of heavy caliber of one or more series connection; Monitoring device comprises moderator level monitoring device and temperature sensor; When slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role normally runs, slowing down liquid pump is entered slowing down pond (301) by infusion pump (632), bubbler (631) dispersion slowing down liquid trickles downwards to each device surface and lodges in slowing down pond, slowing down liquid is back to liquid storage tank (601) with certain flow through recirculatory pipe (635) by liquid flowing controller (605) by gravity, and is cooled and temperature control by slowing down liquid refrigeratory (602); During shutdown, start the power supply of shut-down procedure or cut-out shutdown valve (611), normally closed shutdown valve (611) is opened automatically, and the slowing down liquid in slowing down pond enters liquid storage tank (601) by bigbore shutdown valve (611) quick backflow, and slowing down liquid is not accumulated in slowing down pond; During shutdown, slowing down liquid loop continues to perform refrigerating function; The workflow of reactor capability regulation and control: performed by liquid flowing controller, first regulates moderator liquid level in slowing down pond, changes neutron thereupon and exchanges and neutron spectrum, finally reach the object of regulation and control core power; The workflow of shutdown work: the power supply → shutdown valve (611) starting shut-down procedure or cut off shutdown valve automatically unlatchings → slowing down liquid through heavy caliber shutdown valve (611) quick backflow enter liquid reserve tank (601) → slowing down pond disappearance slowing down liquid and lose moderation of neutrons function → fission with thermal neutron react be terminated → reactor core can not maintain chain reaction and shutdown; Cooling at reactor shutdown flow process: shutdown valve (611) be in opening → infusion pump (632) continue operations → slowing down liquid loop continue circulation → bubbler (631) each parts sprinkling moderator carrying out in slowing down pond and cool → slowing down liquid enters liquid reserve tank (601) → slowing down liquid through shutdown valve (611) quick backflow and can not lodge in slowing down pond; The recovery flow process of slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role: the power supply → shutdown valve (611) of cutting out shutdown work or recovering shutdown valve (611) is in closed condition → slowing down liquid and is back to liquid storage tank (601) → regulator solution stream controller (605) through liquid flowing controller (605) and makes slowing down pit level remain on suitable height.

25. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 22, is characterized in that: break-in slowing down liquid loop main body comprises slowing down pond (301), liquid storage tank (601), slowing down liquid, woven hose (633), infusion pump (632), upper tubing (655), upper fluid-delivery valve (656), lower woven hose (661), lower fluid-delivery valve (662), bubbler (631), upper recirculatory pipe (663), lower recirculatory pipe (665), lower reverse flow valve (666) and slowing down liquid refrigeratory (602); The slowing down liquid in break-in slowing down liquid loop is transported by infusion pump (632), and the error-free running period is provided the whole power transporting slowing down liquid by infusion pump (632); The shutdown phase increases gravity reflux, and liquid storage tank (601) is larger with the drop larger backflow potential energy in slowing down pond (301); Woven hose (633) lower end is communicated with liquid reserve tank (601) bottom, woven hose (633) is provided with infusion pump (632), separates upper tubing (655) and lower woven hose (661) on infusion pump (632); Upper tubing (655) connects bubbler (631), bubbler (631) main body is a container being provided with nozzle or pipe fitting (as the grid plate-shaped container of hollow or mesh duct or branched pipeline), slowing down liquid is distributed to each device surface in slowing down pond by bubbler (631) by slowing down liquid, and slowing down liquid trickles the heat taken away on device from the top down; Lower woven hose (661) is connected bottom slowing down pond; Lower recirculatory pipe (665) is large diameter pipeline, to meet the requirement of scram; Lower fluid-delivery valve (662) is normally open, closes during shutdown, and lower fluid-delivery valve (662) can be often opens electrically operated valve; Upper fluid-delivery valve (656) and lower reverse flow valve (666) are normally off, open during shutdown, and upper fluid-delivery valve (656) and lower reverse flow valve (666) can be normally closed electrically operated valve; Circulating path during normal operation is: liquid storage tank (601) → woven hose (633) → infusion pump (632) → lower fluid-delivery valve (662) → lower woven hose (661) → slowing down pond (301) → upper recirculatory pipe (663) → slowing down liquid refrigeratory (602) → liquid storage tank (601); Circulating path during shutdown is: liquid storage tank (601) → woven hose (633) → infusion pump (632) → upper fluid-delivery valve (656) → upper tubing (655) → bubbler (631) → slowing down pond (301) → lower reverse flow valve (666) → lower recirculatory pipe (665) → slowing down liquid refrigeratory (602) → liquid storage tank (601), upper recirculatory pipe (663) function during shutdown is converted into gas equilibrium, balances the air pressure in slowing down pond (301) and liquid storage tank (601); The parts surface of slowing down pond domestic demand cooling can arrange silk screen, needs the surface of cooling-part to arrange silk screen and covers, and silk screen slows down slowing down liquid trickling speed, helps slowing down liquid to be uniformly distributed at parts surface, and prevents slowing down liquid from splashing.

26. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 25, is characterized in that: intercept screen core Ore-controlling Role main body and comprise break-in slowing down liquid loop and intercept screen mechanism; Intercept screen mechanism body to comprise obstruct screen driver (682), driving-belt (683), top guide bar (685), sealing sliding sleeve (427), sealing ring (691), intercept screen (681), lower guide rod (695) and lower guide pipe (696); Intercept slowing down pond (301) side that screen (681) is arranged on close fission pond, intercept tubular or arc plate body that screen (681) is lower forks, a point prong arranges lower guide rod (695), and obstruct screen (681) top arranges top guide bar (685); Sealing sliding sleeve (427) is arranged on the upper or slowing down pond top deck in slowing down pond top cover (305), arranges sealing ring (691) and slide structure in sealing sliding sleeve (427), and top guide bar (685) can slip in sealing sliding sleeve (427); Lower guide rod (695) slides and is positioned in lower guide pipe (696), and lower guide pipe (696) is provided with liquid-leaking nozzle; Intercept screen (681) and there is the function intercepting thermal neutron or whole neutron, intercepting screen driver (682) drives obstruct screen (681) to move up and down, mobile obstruct screen (681) changes neutron distribution and neutron in primary tank and exchanges, and changes reactor core reactivity and regulation and control core power with this; Shutdown work is performed by break-in slowing down liquid loop, start the power supply of shut-down procedure or cutting-off valve, the lower fluid-delivery valve (662) often opened is closed, normally closed upper fluid-delivery valve (656) and lower reverse flow valve (666) are opened automatically, slowing down liquid flows rapidly into liquid storage tank (601) by lower recirculatory pipe (665), the gas of liquid storage tank (601) enters slowing down pond by upper recirculatory pipe (663) and balances two pond air pressure, slowing down liquid can not be accumulated in slowing down pond (301), thermal neutron and fission with thermal neutron loss for reaction, reactor core reactivity sharp fall, reaches non-active shutdown object with this; During normal operation, slowing down liquid circulates from the bottom up, and be full of slowing down liquid in slowing down pond, refrigerating function is efficient; During shutdown, the loop break-in of slowing down liquid is for circulate from top to bottom, and slowing down liquid can continue to perform refrigerating function in each device surface trickling.

27. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: slowing down pond (301) filling liquid moderator, slowing down pond (301) are provided with slowing down liquid loop, and slowing down liquid is cooled by slowing down liquid refrigeratory (602); Slowing down pond arranges breed fuel system in (301), and breed fuel system by slowing down liquid cooling but; Breed fuel system is immersion type breed fuel system or isolated breed fuel system; The breed fuel raw material (fertile nuclide) of immersion type breed fuel system is immersed in slowing down liquid, slowing down liquid exercises the part nucleic in solvent function dissolving breed fuel, take reactor out of by slowing down liquid loop, and extracted by ON-LINE SEPARATION outside reactor primary tank; Isolated breed fuel system is propagation bar system, and breed fuel is filled in propagation rod (365), and breed fuel and moderator are isolated.

28. coupling of heap-type soon nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 27, is characterized in that: propagation bar system main body comprises slowing down liquid loop, propagation rod (365), breeds excellent sleeve pipe (366), overlaps pipe grid (367), Huan Bang mechanism and auxiliary equipment; The bar-shaped cladding tubes structure that propagation rod (365) seals for two ends, loads breed fuel raw material (fertile nuclide) in it; Breed excellent sleeve pipe (366) for fingerstall tubulose, it is the disrance sleeve between propagation rod (365) and slowing down pond (301), be fixed on slowing down pond top cover (305) or slowing down pond top deck or slowing down pond base plate, its openend is outside slowing down pond, and breeding excellent sleeve pipe (366) with stationary plane joint is seal construction; Breed excellent sleeve pipe (366) isolation propagation rod (365) and slowing down liquid, be convenient to breed excellent online replacing, its length and cross sectional shape and propagation rod (365) phase coadaptation; Cover pipe grid (367) is reinforced the excellent sleeve pipe of propagation (366) and is prevented distortion; The tube portions of propagation rod (365) and the excellent sleeve pipe of propagation (366) selects the material high to neutron transparency, as aluminium base or zirconium-based metallic material; Huan Bang mechanism is the online replacing facility of propagation rod (365), Huan Bang mechanism can be arranged on top, slowing down pond (301) or below, what above slowing down pond, have restraining mass (as pipeline etc.) changes excellent barrier zone, selects below to change bar mode or arrange substitute to replace propagation rod; Substitute, without the need to online replacing, need only be changed when uncapping in slowing down pond, and it is excellent that substitute can be secondary neutron source assembly or reflection rod or reaction, and secondary neutron source assembly is used for reactor and starts or newly pile startup next time, and reaction is excellent for the manufacture of artificial element; Auxiliary equipment comprises temperature-detecting device, temperature sensor is built in propagation rod (365), when temperature exceeds normal value in propagation rod (365), shows have fission reaction to occur in propagation rod, the content of U-233 has reached extractible scope, and this rod must be changed.

29. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 28, is characterized in that: propagation rod (365) comprises bottom plug or base plate, cladding tubes, filling material, temperature sensor and top ends; Lower end is filled in by bottom or base plate sealing, and upper end is sealed by top ends, and in top ends, setting operation head captures for Huan Bang mechanism, and initial filling material (breed fuel raw material) is thorium compound, and temperature sensor is placed in filling material; Propagation rod be use repeatly component or disposable component, repeatability breed rod can repeatedly use, bottom fill in can be separated from cladding tubes with top ends, cladding tubes fill in bottom and top ends to be threaded and to seal; The Huan Bang mechanism of propagation bar system can be arranged breeding the positioning function of rod (365) and certainly moving excellent function.

30. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 29, it is characterized in that: the separating-purifying of breed fuel adopts a kind of insoluble compound separation process: utilize certain class thorium compound to be separated than the characteristic of uranium compound inertia, breed fuel raw material is indissoluble thorium compound, and the uranium compound that this indissoluble thorium compound transforms is solvable; Described insoluble compound is that therefore indissoluble thorium compound has multiple for certain specific solvent; Solvent can be water or acid solution or alkali lye or organic solvent, and indissoluble thorium compound is crystalline solid thorium anhydride or thorium dioxide or thorium salt or thorium hydrochlorate or organic thorium compound; Indissoluble thorium compound separation process: in propagation rod, indissoluble thorium compound accepts propagation rod that neutron irradiation → On-line testing goes out and places storeroom (9-11 month) and fully decay for U-233 → take out breed fuel and carry out the breed fuel after pulverizing → pulverizing from propagation rod and drop into dissolving tank until Pa-233, fully stirs rear clarification → separation solution and precipitation; Sediment obtains Th-232 compound after drying; Isolated solution carries out solute and separated from solvent, and solute separator drying obtains U-233 compound.

31. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 29, it is characterized in that: the separating-purifying of breed fuel adopts a kind of soluble compounds separation process: breed fuel raw material is solvable thorium compound, the uranium compound that this solvable thorium compound transforms also is solvable; Described soluble compounds is that therefore solvable thorium compound has multiple for certain specific solvent; Solvent can be water or acid solution or alkali lye or organic solvent, and solvable thorium compound is noncrystalline thorium anhydride or thorium dioxide or thorium salt or thorium hydrochlorate or organic thorium compound; Solvable thorium compound separation process: in propagation rod, indissoluble thorium compound accepts propagation rod that neutron irradiation → On-line testing goes out and places storeroom (9-11 month) and fully decay for U-233 → take out breed fuel and carry out the input of the breed fuel after pulverizing → pulverizing dissolving tank, stirring and dissolving → breed fuel solution → extract U-233 from solution from propagation rod until Pa-233; Be separated from extract solute again drying obtain U-233 compound; From extraction after surplus liquid be separated solute again drying obtain Th-232 compound.

32. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: primary tank arranges finger sleeve or sealing sliding sleeve (427), arrange plug-in system in finger sleeve or sealing sliding sleeve (427), as Neutron source assembly (411), core survey device; Finger sleeve outer end opening the inner is closed, and inwardly inserts primary tank and forms disrance sleeve; Be provided with seal (as sealing ring) in sealing sliding sleeve (427), sealing sliding sleeve (427) is at primary tank external seal, and the plug-in unit in sealing sliding sleeve (427) and primary tank are not isolated; Bottom fission pond or top, slowing down pond can arrange neutron source mechanism (401).

33. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 32, it is characterized in that: fission arranges neutron source mechanism (401) bottom pond, and neutron source mechanism (401) main body comprises Neutron source assembly (411), neutron source refrigeratory (431), neutron source sleeve pipe (415), sliding sleeve (426) and neutron source driver (413); The disrance sleeve that neutron source sleeve pipe (415) is Neutron source assembly and Main Coolant, neutron source sleeve pipe (415) is communicated with sliding sleeve (426) and on same center line, both are fixed in fission pond base plate (205), the former is positioned at fission pond (201), the latter is positioned at outside fission pond, all can from ON-LINE SEPARATION fission pond (201) except the remainder of both outside interruption mechanisms (401), the shape of cross section of neutron source sleeve pipe (415) can adapt with reactor fuel assembly, as hexagon; Neutron source assembly (411) is column seal construction, and its base portion is smooth slipper, and Neutron source assembly (411) inside arranges neutron source (400) and coolant circulation passage; Neutron source refrigeratory (431) cooling Neutron source assembly (411), neutron source refrigeratory (431) is gas or liquid cooling loops, and cooling medium can enter from Neutron source assembly (411) center and reflux from periphery; The function of neutron source driver (413) drives Neutron source assembly (411) to slide in sliding sleeve (426), the sliding type of Neutron source assembly (411) moves up and down, and neutron source driver (413) can be the electromagnetic driver of motor-driven easy lifting table (as fluid pressure type, screw, rack-and-pinion) or complexity.

34. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 32, it is characterized in that: slowing down pond (301) top arranges slowing down pond neutron source mechanism (401), slowing down pond neutron source mechanism (401) main body comprises Neutron source assembly (411), sealing sliding sleeve (427), sealing ring (691) and neutron source driver (413); Sealing sliding sleeve (427) is fixed on slowing down pond top cover (305), and Neutron source assembly (411) shell is smooth cylindrical seal container, is provided with neutron source (400) in it; Slidably seal construction is formed in Neutron source assembly (411) and sealing sliding sleeve (427); Neutron source driver (413) drives Neutron source assembly (411) motion in sealing sliding sleeve (427), and neutron source driver (413) is boom hoisting or electromagnetic actuator device; Neutron source assembly (411) is directly cooled by slowing down liquid, filling conductive fluid or heat-conducting gas can strengthen cooling effect in Neutron source assembly; The neutron that Neutron source assembly (411) discharges is thermal neutron in slowing down pond slowing down, and thermal neutron exchanges and enters the fission reaction of fission pond initiation reactor core.

35. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: Main Coolant is liquid heavy metal, particularly plumbous or plumbous bismuth eutectic; Major loop is main coolant loop, and major loop arranges oxygen Ore-controlling Role, protection major loop structure and functional material; Oxygen Ore-controlling Role is gas phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role or solid phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role; Major loop can arrange Main Coolant auxiliary heating attemperator, Main Coolant auxiliary heating attemperator be arranged on fission pond bottom and circulating line on its function be Melting And Solidification Main Coolant and prevention Main Coolant solidify.

36. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 35, is characterized in that: gas phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role main body comprises oxygen control gas return path, gas diffuser (282), air pump (283) and measuring and controlling device; Oxygen control gas return path comprises gas preparing room (281) and circulation air flue, and oxygen control gas componant is formulated to suitable ratio by gas preparing room (281); The pipeline that gas diffuser (282) flows through for Main Coolant or container, can contain stirring apparatus, and gas diffuser (282) can be substituted by main circulation pump (235) or main circulation pipe (236) or fission pond air chamber (221); Oxygen control gas is blasted gas diffuser (282) by air pump (283), and oxygen control gas uniform is distributed in Main Coolant, and the residual gas after a small amount of dissolving returns gas preparing room (281) redistribution; Measuring and controlling device detects the gas component ratio in major loop oxygen level and oxygen control gas return path and instruction gas preparing room (281) regulates and controls each gas componant; Described solid phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role main body comprises mass exchanger (285) and measuring and controlling device; Mass exchanger (285), for being filled with the container type device of oxide solid particle (286), can be arranged on the branch road of major loop, and oxide solid particle can be dissolved in Main Coolant on a small quantity, as massicot PbO; Main Coolant flows through mass exchanger (285) and carry out solute exchange on oxide solid particle (286), namely carries out oxide dissolution and solute precipitation deposition; Measuring and controlling device comprises temperature controller (287) and flow controller (289), measuring and controlling device detects and adjustment flows through the temperature of the Main Coolant of oxide solid particle (286) or flow velocity or branch road service time, regulated and controled the oxygen level in Main Coolant by the dissolving of control oxide and precipitation process, branch road power can be provided by major loop jet pressure reduction.

37. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 36, it is characterized in that: gas phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role can adopt ternary gas to combine, ternary gas comprises oxidizing gas, reducibility gas and vector gas, oxidizing gas can select water vapor or oxygen or carbon dioxide, reducing gas can select hydrogen or carbon monoxide, and vector gas can select argon gas; Ternary gas combination can select H ₂o/ H ₂/ Ar or O ₂/ H ₂/ Ar or CO ₂/ CO/ Ar; Solid phase oxygen Ore-controlling Role can increase a bypass and arrange the regulation and control that hydride dissolves device coordinates major loop oxygen content, and hydride dissolves device can be arranged on the other end of the major loop relative with mass exchanger (285); The oxygen measuring probe of oxygen Ore-controlling Role can select Zirconium oxide oxygen sensor.

38. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: reactor arranges partial circulating pump residual heat removal facility and emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese, after shutdown partial circulating pump residual heat removal facility replace major circulatory system will pile in Residual heat removal; During shutdown, partial circulating pump residual heat removal facility can not work because of fault, and reactor enables emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese immediately; The position of emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese is higher than primary tank, and initial operation power is gravity, and power is subsequently from steam; Emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese main body comprises heat-carrying liquid case (931), cooling water tank (932), vacuum chamber (934), flowrate control valve (937), starting valve (938) and pipeline; Level height is: vacuum chamber (934) is the highest, and cooling water tank (932) takes second place, and is thirdly heat-carrying liquid case (931), and fission pond (201) is minimum; Heat-carrying liquid case (931) stores pure water or aqueous solution, and aqueous solution can contain neutron-absorbing material, as boron water solution; Cooling water tank (932) stores chilled water, and cooling water inflow depends on the Residual heat removal amount of setting; Vacuum chamber (934) rise when initial absorb in primary tank and loop the function of gas, vacuum chamber (934) is communicated with an air intake duct (935) and a discharging tube (936), air intake duct (935) connects the end of condenser pipe (933), and discharging tube (936) connects heat-carrying liquid case (931); Flowrate control valve (937) is normally off, is usually set as a flow rate set value, and also can pass through operation circuit adjusting size, flowrate control valve (937) can be normally closed electrically operated valve; All the other valves are starting valve (938), and during normal operation, starting valve (938) is in closed condition, and all passages are cut off, and time emergent, starting valve (938) is in opening, and starting valve (938) can be normally closed electrically operated valve; After starting valve (938) is all opened, reactor waste is with non-active discharge fission pond (201) of water vapour form; Whole system has two loops: a loop is gas return path, and another loop is water-vapour loop; The start-up routine of Heat Discharging System of Chinese: the power supply of the emergent Heat Discharging System of Chinese of reactor shutdown → partial circulating pump residual heat removal system cisco unity malfunction → cut-out or follow procedure start → meet an urgent need Heat Discharging System of Chinese and automatically start; Gas return path workflow: the gas in the disposable absorption primary tank of vacuum chamber (934) and pipeline, fission pond air chamber (221) → steam pipe (939) → condenser pipe (933) → vacuum chamber (934) ← discharging tube (936) ← heat-carrying liquid case (931); Water-vapour loop works flow process: heat-carrying liquid case (931) → heat-carrying liquid → flowrate control valve (937) → fission pond air chamber (221) → be distributed to Main Coolant surface → water vapour → steam pipe (939) → condenser pipe (933) → condensate water → heat-carrying liquid case (931).

39. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: reactor primary tank is the built-in coupled structure in single slowing down pond, slowing down pond (301) are positioned at reactor center is tubbiness pond type structure, and moderator is heavy water or light-water; Fission pond (201) is positioned at outside, slowing down pond (301) pond type structure in the form of a ring, and Main Coolant is plumbous or lead bismuth alloy, and fission pond (201) can arrange fission pond air chamber (221); Reactor arranged outside heat-exchanger tank (502), a heat conductive wall (503) is shared outside the inner side of heat-exchanger tank and fission pond, heat conductive wall (503) arranged outside heat-transfer pipe (504), Main Coolant is at heat-transfer pipe (504) and fission pond (201) Inner eycle, heat-transfer pipe (504) and heat conductive wall (503) are provided with heat radiator (505), and heat-transfer pipe (504) and heat conductive wall (503) derive reactor core heat jointly; The neutron that fission pond madial wall (203) is provided with large area thin-wall construction exchanges window; Reactor core adopts solid fuel bar reactor core, and reactor core periphery can arrange convert fuel district, and reactor core arranged outside has shadow zone (258); Slowing down pond arranges slowing down pit level core Ore-controlling Role (no-mobile reactor) or intercepts screen core Ore-controlling Role (mobile heap); Neutron source mechanism (401) is arranged in fission pond or slowing down pond; Heat-exchanger tank (502) is equivalent to one, secondary circuit heat exchanger, and secondary circuit cooling medium is water; Primary Ioops arranges explosive pipe (508) and explosive valve (509), when there is water leakage and entering heat-transfer pipe (504) and enter collecting chamber (507), steam turns to steam, the steam that proportion is very light upwards enters explosive pipe (508), explosive valve (509) pressurized rupture of membranes discharges water vapor, and the anti-sealing of energy or steam enter reactor core; When water leaks and enters fission pond air chamber (221), explosive pipe (508) and the explosive valve (509) of the upper setting of fission pond top cover (202) also can discharge water vapor; Fission can arrange fair water fin (234) in pond; Primary Ioops arranges or does not arrange main circulation pump; Primary Ioops arranges main circulation pump (235): Main Coolant is by forced circulation; Primary Ioops does not arrange main circulation pump: Main Coolant is by self-loopa.

40. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: reactor is the small-sized of dereliction shell of tank or Micro Core propulsion system, primary tank is the external coupled structure in single slowing down pond, it is tubbiness that fission pond (201) is positioned at center, slowing down pond (301) is positioned at outside for annular tubular, moderator is graphite, is filled in tubular slowing down pond; Reactor adopts slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role, and slowing down pond (301) do not contact fission pond (201), and slowing down pond (301) move axially centered by pond of fissioning (201).

41. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 40, it is characterized in that: reactor is space nuclear power unit, Main Coolant is liquid metal, particularly liquid alkali metal, as lithium-7, reactor core (250) main body is made up of enclosed fuel stringer assembly, and fission pond can arrange mozzle (233); Fission pond (201) heat energy conducts to thermoelectric conversion device by liquid metal; Slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role exercises moderation of neutrons and core control function, and slowing down pond displacement kernel Ore-controlling Role comprises slowing down pond (301) and slowing down pond driving mechanism; Slowing down pond driving mechanism main body comprises slowing down pond driver (553), clutch coupling, centre pilot (555) and resilient mounting; Centre pilot (555) is axially fixed in fission base plate (205) center, pond, and during normal operation, clutch coupling engages with centre pilot (555), and slowing down pond driver (553) is along centre pilot (555) motion and location; During shutdown, clutch coupling is separated with centre pilot (555), and slowing down pond retracts or pushes back far-end by resilient mounting, and namely slowing down pond is away from fission pond, and the elastic force of resilient mounting is provided by spring (558).

42. fast heap-type coupling nuclear reactors as claimed in claim 41, it is characterized in that: slowing down pond driver (553) is stepping or electric rotating machine, centre pilot (555) is screw rod, rotor axle center is hollow shape, centre pilot (555) passes from rotor axle center, and rotor rotates around centre pilot (555); During normal operation, clutch coupling engages with centre pilot (555), and motor pushing slowing down pond driving mechanism is along centre pilot (555) motion and location; During shutdown, clutch coupling is separated with centre pilot (555), and slowing down pond (301) retract or push back far-end by resilient mounting, and namely slowing down pond (301) are away from fission pond (201), and reactor core for want of degraded neutron causes reactive decline and shutdown.