CN109841288B - Be used for carbon dioxide cooling reactor waste heat discharge system - Google Patents
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- CN109841288B CN109841288B CN201910281358.9A CN201910281358A CN109841288B CN 109841288 B CN109841288 B CN 109841288B CN 201910281358 A CN201910281358 A CN 201910281358A CN 109841288 B CN109841288 B CN 109841288B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a waste heat discharge system for a carbon dioxide cooling reactor, which comprises: the active and passive redundant row subsystem is connected with the active and passive redundant row subsystem; the active and passive redundant row subsystems share the redundant row heat exchanger; when the reactor is normally stopped or stopped in an accident and a power supply is available, the waste heat discharging system is automatically switched into the active waste heat discharging subsystem, and the CO2 coolant is driven to enter the waste heat discharging system to transfer heat to the separated heat pipe heat exchanger for heat dissipation; when a power failure accident occurs, the active and passive exhaust subsystem is shut down and automatically put into the passive exhaust subsystem, and the CO2 coolant automatically enters the exhaust system to transfer heat to the separated heat pipe heat exchanger for heat dissipation; by arranging the active and passive combined waste heat removal system, the depth defense requirement of a special safety system is met, and the safety of the device is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear safety equipment, in particular to a waste heat discharge system for a carbon dioxide cooling reactor.
Background
For a carbon dioxide cooling reactor, the waste heat of the reactor core needs to be smoothly led out after normal shutdown and accident shutdown. Different from a pressurized water reactor, after a break accident of the carbon dioxide cooled reactor, the pressure of the reactor core coolant is reduced, but the reactor core coolant cannot be exposed, a safety injection system similar to the pressurized water reactor is not needed, and the residual heat is mainly led out by a residual heat discharging system. Considering that the waste heat discharge system needs to cover various working conditions such as normal shutdown, shutdown after a breach accident, shutdown after a power failure accident and the like, and meanwhile, according to the depth defense principle, a diversified waste heat discharge system needs to be arranged. For a carbon dioxide cooling reactor waste heat discharge system, research is not carried out at home, an active waste heat discharge system is generally adopted for a subcritical carbon dioxide cooling reactor (AGR) at abroad, and a passive waste heat discharge scheme is adopted for an MIT (MIT) aiming at a supercritical cooling carbon dioxide reactor at the latest; for a helium cooled reactor (a desublimed high-temperature gas cooled reactor), radiation heat exchange is generally adopted to guide heat into a water-cooled wall outside the reactor, and a special system is arranged to guide the heat out of the water-cooled wall.
In summary, in the process of implementing the technical solution of the present invention, the inventors of the present application find that the above-mentioned technology has at least the following technical problems:
when only an active redundant drainage system is adopted, the system needs to rely on an external power source, and the situation such as power failure is difficult to deal with, for example, Japanese Fudao accident; when only the passive system is adopted, the passive system has limited driving force and small residual discharge flow, a large-capacity residual discharge heat exchanger needs to be designed, and a large-capacity water pool is configured, so that the economic efficiency is not facilitated, and the system arrangement is not facilitated; for a radiation heat exchange mode commonly used by a gas cooled reactor, reactor fluid and materials are required to be in a high-temperature condition, and for a carbon dioxide cooling reactor with the operation temperature far lower than that of a helium cooling reactor, the radiation heat exchange quantity is small, and waste heat of a reactor core is difficult to take away. In summary, for carbon dioxide cooled reactors, there are issues with the existing related designs of redundancy reliability, economy or hot-water capability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a waste heat discharge system for a carbon dioxide cooling reactor, which solves the technical problems of high dependence or low economy, weak heat carrying capacity and the like of the existing waste heat discharge on an electric power system, meets the depth defense requirement of a special safety system by arranging a waste heat discharge system with active and passive combination, and improves the safety of the device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a waste heat removal system for a carbon dioxide cooled reactor, the waste heat removal system comprising:
the active and passive redundant row subsystem is connected with the active and passive redundant row subsystem; the active and passive redundant row subsystems share the redundant row heat exchanger; when the reactor is normally stopped or stopped in an accident and a power supply is available, the waste heat discharging system is automatically switched into the active waste heat discharging subsystem, and the CO2 coolant is driven to enter the waste heat discharging system to transfer heat to the separated heat pipe heat exchanger for heat dissipation; after a power failure accident occurs, the active and passive exhaust subsystem is shut down and put into the passive exhaust subsystem automatically, and the CO2 coolant automatically enters the exhaust system to transfer heat to the separated heat pipe heat exchanger for heat dissipation.
Further, the waste heat discharge system is connected with the reactor coolant system main cooler in parallel.
Further, when the passive residual heat removal subsystem works, after the temperature of the coolant is reduced to be lower than the operating temperature of the separated heat pipe exchanger, residual heat is led out of the reactor core through gas heat conduction and heat radiation, and the separated heat pipe exchanger is in an intermittent operating mode.
Furthermore, the waste heat discharge system comprises 3 series of redundant row subsystems, each redundant row subsystem comprises the active redundant row subsystem and the passive redundant row subsystem, each series meets the requirement of waste heat derivation after low-power shutdown, two series of the redundant row subsystems meet the requirement of waste heat derivation after full-power shutdown, and the other series of the redundant row subsystems serves as a standby series.
Furthermore, the active waste heat discharging subsystem drives the CO2 coolant to enter the waste heat discharging system through the fan, heat is transferred to the separated heat pipe heat exchanger, the condensation section of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is immersed in the water tank, and the heat is introduced into the atmosphere through evaporation of water in the water tank.
Further, the waste heat removal system specifically includes:
the device comprises a separated heat pipe heat exchanger, a water pool, a fan, a check valve, a residual discharge port electromagnetic valve, a residual discharge inlet electromagnetic valve and a corresponding transmission pipe;
the evaporation section of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is in a shell-and-tube design (the evaporation section is in a shell-and-tube design, a heat pipe working medium flows in the pipe, the shell side is CO2, the condensation section is not provided with a shell, the heat pipe is directly immersed in a water tank), the shell side is communicated with the reactor through a return pipe inlet section of a waste heat discharge system, a waste discharge port electromagnetic valve is arranged on an inlet section of a CO2 coolant return pipe, the evaporation section of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is communicated with the condensation section of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger, the condensation section of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is arranged in the water tank, the shell side of the evaporation section of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is communicated with the reactor through a return pipe outlet section of the waste heat discharge system, a waste discharge port electromagnetic valve and a fan are arranged on a CO2 coolant return pipe outlet section, the fan is used for providing power for a CO2 coolant loop, a branch is arranged on a CO2 coolant return pipe.
Furthermore, one end of the branch is communicated with a CO2 coolant loop pipe between the evaporation section of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger and the fan, and the other end of the branch is communicated with a CO2 coolant loop pipe between the fan and the waste discharge port electromagnetic valve.
Further, the working process of the waste heat removal system is as follows:
in the normal operation process of the reactor, a residual discharge port electromagnetic valve of a residual heat discharge system is opened, and a residual discharge port electromagnetic valve is closed;
when the active exhaust subsystem is put into operation, the exhaust port electromagnetic valve is automatically opened according to signals, the exhaust system is put into operation, the CO2 coolant loop guides reactor heat into the condensation section through the separated heat pipe heat exchanger based on the power of the fan, and pool water on the secondary side of the condensation section guides the heat into the atmosphere through evaporation;
under the working condition that the passive exhaust subsystem is put into operation, the exhaust port electromagnetic valve is automatically opened according to signals, the fan is stopped, and the CO2 coolant loop continuously guides heat into the separated heat pipe heat exchanger depending on natural circulation.
One or more technical solutions provided by the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
aiming at a carbon dioxide cooling reactor, the invention provides a scheme of adopting an active and passive residual heat removal system, and the residual heat of a reactor core can be led out under the working conditions of normal shutdown and shutdown in various accidents. Through three series of designs, the reactor core waste heat derivation requirements after low-power shutdown, full-power shutdown and extreme accidents can be met. By adopting the separated heat pipe heat exchanger, cooling water and CO2 coolant are effectively isolated, and the cooling water is arranged outside a pressure-bearing boundary, so that the accident that water enters a main system due to the damage of the heat exchanger in the long-term operation process is avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention;
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the components of a waste heat removal system for a carbon dioxide cooled reactor of the present application;
the device comprises a separated heat pipe heat exchanger, a water pool, a fan, a check valve, a residual discharge port electromagnetic valve, a residual discharge inlet electromagnetic valve and a corresponding transmission pipe;
the system comprises a water tank 1, a separated heat pipe exchanger 2, a check valve 3, a fan 4, a surplus discharge port electromagnetic valve 5, a surplus discharge inlet electromagnetic valve 6 and a reactor 7.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a design scheme of a shutdown cooling measure of a carbon dioxide cooling reactor, which provides a method for discharging the residual heat of the reactor under normal shutdown and shutdown in various accidents by arranging an active and passive combined residual heat system so as to ensure the safety of a reactor core.
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflicting with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows:
the system is provided with a waste heat discharge system which is connected with a main cooler of a main system in parallel and comprises an active waste discharge subsystem and a passive waste discharge subsystem which share a waste discharge heat exchanger. Under the conditions of normal shutdown or accident shutdown and available power supply, the active waste heat discharge subsystem is automatically put into use, the fan drives the CO2 coolant to enter the waste heat discharge system, heat is transferred to the separated heat pipe heat exchanger, the condensation section of the heat pipe heat exchanger is immersed in the water tank, and the heat is finally led into the atmosphere through evaporation of water in the water tank.
When a power failure accident of the whole plant occurs, the passive redundant emission subsystem is automatically put into use; in the long-term stage of various accidents including the break accident, the active and passive exhaust subsystem is stopped and the passive exhaust subsystem is operated, so that the waste heat of the reactor core is led out for a long time.
When the temperature of the coolant is reduced to be lower than the operating temperature of the heat pipe heat exchanger, the waste heat is led out of the reactor core through gas heat conduction, heat radiation and the like, and the heat exchanger is in an intermittent operation mode.
The system is provided with three series, each series meets the requirement of waste heat derivation after low-power shutdown, two series meet the requirement of waste heat derivation after full-power shutdown, and one series is used as a standby series.
(II) Key equipment
The key equipment of the invention comprises:
1) provided is a separated heat pipe exchanger.
The evaporation section of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger receives heat from CO2 coolant, the heat is guided into the condensation section through phase change and flow of working media in the heat pipe, and the condensation section is immersed in pool water. By selecting proper working media and parameters, the operating temperature range of the fluid in the heat pipe is ensured to meet the requirement of long-term waste heat discharge.
2) Fan blower
The active exhaust subsystem is used for driving CO2 fluid in the circuit to perform forced flow when the active exhaust subsystem operates.
3) Electromagnetic valve
And respectively arranging an electromagnetic valve at an inlet and an outlet of the waste heat discharge system, wherein the inlet valve is normally opened, the outlet valve is closed when the reactor normally runs, the waste heat discharge system and the primary side fluid are isolated, and the waste heat discharge system and the primary side fluid are automatically opened according to a shutdown signal after an accident. The electromagnetic valve is connected with a reliable power supply and a storage battery, and can ensure the opening and closing after a power failure accident of a whole plant.
4) Check valve
The bypass is arranged on the passive residual heat removal subsystem, so that the bypass of the fluid driven by the fan when the active residual heat removal subsystem operates is avoided.
The invention is designed to be triggered automatically and operated in a passive or active mode. The specific operation flow is as follows:
in the normal operation process, the electromagnetic valve at the inlet of the waste heat discharging system is opened, and the electromagnetic valve at the outlet is closed and isolated from the main loop.
Under the active exhaust subsystem input operating mode, the normally closed solenoid valve of surplus discharge port is opened according to the signal is automatic, and the system is put into operation, and a return circuit relies on forced circulation with heat through the leading-in condensation segment of heat pipe heat exchanger, and condensation segment secondary side pond water is through the leading-in atmosphere of evaporation with the heat.
And under the working condition that the passive exhaust subsystem is put into operation, the exhaust port valve is automatically opened according to signals, the fan is stopped, the main loop continuously guides heat into the heat pipe heat exchanger depending on natural circulation, and for the exhaust port loop at the CO2 side, fluid can return to the reactor through the passive exhaust subsystem branch and the fan branch.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A residual heat removal system for a carbon dioxide cooled reactor, comprising:
the active and passive redundant row subsystem is connected with the active and passive redundant row subsystem; the active and passive redundant row subsystems share the redundant row heat exchanger; when the reactor is normally stopped or stopped in an accident and a power supply is available, the waste heat discharging system is automatically switched into the active waste heat discharging subsystem, and the CO2 coolant is driven to enter the waste heat discharging system to transfer heat to the separated heat pipe heat exchanger for heat dissipation; when a power failure accident occurs, the active and passive exhaust subsystem is shut down and automatically put into the passive exhaust subsystem, and the CO2 coolant automatically enters the exhaust system to transfer heat to the separated heat pipe heat exchanger for heat dissipation;
the waste heat discharge system specifically includes:
the device comprises a separated heat pipe heat exchanger, a water pool, a fan, a check valve, a residual discharge port electromagnetic valve, a residual discharge inlet electromagnetic valve and a corresponding transmission pipe;
the evaporation section of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is in a shell-and-tube design, the shell side is communicated with a reactor through a return pipe inlet section of a waste heat discharge system, a waste discharge inlet electromagnetic valve is arranged on a CO2 coolant return pipe inlet section, the evaporation section of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is communicated with a condensation section of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger, the condensation section of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is arranged in a water pool, the evaporation section shell side of the separated heat pipe heat exchanger is communicated with the reactor through a return pipe outlet section of the waste heat discharge system, a waste discharge outlet electromagnetic valve is arranged on a CO2 coolant return pipe outlet section, a fan is used for providing power for a CO2 coolant return pipe, a branch is arranged on the CO2 coolant return pipe outlet section, and a check valve is arranged on the branch.
2. The carbon dioxide cooled reactor residual heat removal system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the residual heat removal system is connected in parallel with a reactor coolant system main cooler.
3. The system for discharging the residual heat of the carbon dioxide-cooled reactor according to claim 1, wherein when the passive residual heat discharging subsystem is operated, the residual heat is conducted out of the reactor core through gas heat conduction and heat radiation after the temperature of the coolant is reduced to be lower than the operating temperature of the separated heat pipe exchanger, and the separated heat pipe exchanger is in an intermittent operating mode.
4. The system for discharging the residual heat of the carbon dioxide cooling reactor according to claim 1, wherein the residual heat discharging system comprises 3 series of residual heat discharging subsystems, each residual heat discharging subsystem comprises the active residual heat discharging subsystem and the passive residual heat discharging subsystem, each series meets the requirement of residual heat discharge after low-power shutdown, two series meet the requirement of residual heat discharge after full-power shutdown, and the other series serves as a standby series.
5. The system for removing the residual heat from the carbon dioxide-cooled reactor according to claim 1, wherein the active residual heat removal subsystem drives the CO2 coolant into the residual heat removal system through a fan to transfer heat to the split heat pipe heat exchanger, and the condensation section of the split heat pipe heat exchanger is immersed in a water pool to introduce the heat into the atmosphere through evaporation of the water in the water pool.
6. The carbon dioxide cooled reactor waste heat removal system as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of the branch is communicated with a CO2 coolant loop pipe between the evaporation section of the split heat pipe heat exchanger and the fan, and the other end of the branch is communicated with a CO2 coolant loop pipe between the fan and the waste outlet solenoid valve.
7. The system for discharging the residual heat of the carbon dioxide cooled reactor according to claim 1, wherein the working process of the system for discharging the residual heat is as follows:
in the normal operation process of the reactor, a residual discharge port electromagnetic valve of a residual heat discharge system is opened, and a residual discharge port electromagnetic valve is closed;
when the active exhaust subsystem is put into operation, the exhaust port electromagnetic valve is automatically opened according to signals, the exhaust system is put into operation, the CO2 coolant loop guides reactor heat into the condensation section through the separated heat pipe heat exchanger based on the power of the fan, and pool water on the secondary side of the condensation section guides the heat into the atmosphere through evaporation;
under the working condition that the passive exhaust subsystem is put into operation, the exhaust port electromagnetic valve is automatically opened according to signals, the fan is stopped, and the CO2 coolant loop continuously guides heat into the separated heat pipe heat exchanger depending on natural circulation.
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| CN110491533B (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2022-02-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Double-layer cooling reactor core power generation system |
| CN111105883B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-04-19 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Heat pipe reactor system with supercritical carbon dioxide as thermoelectric conversion working medium |
| CN111120100A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Heat pipe reactor adopting open type gas Brayton cycle and operation method thereof |
| CN111785399B (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2023-06-20 | 武汉第二船舶设计研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所) | System for be used for ocean nuclear power platform heat to derive |
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