CN109856716B - Processing, shaping and modulating method of hollow retroreflector - Google Patents
Processing, shaping and modulating method of hollow retroreflector Download PDFInfo
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- CN109856716B CN109856716B CN201910237246.3A CN201910237246A CN109856716B CN 109856716 B CN109856716 B CN 109856716B CN 201910237246 A CN201910237246 A CN 201910237246A CN 109856716 B CN109856716 B CN 109856716B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing, shaping and modulating method of a hollow retroreflector, which comprises the steps of firstly gluing a square substrate for assembling the hollow retroreflector on a solid pyramid, then integrally cutting the hollow retroreflector into a circle by a carving machine or a laser cutting machine, then plating a metal protective film on the inner side of an elliptic arc substrate obtained by cutting, then gluing the elliptic arc substrate on an angle precision adjusting platform to adjust the angle precision, observing interference fringes by a laser interferometer, adjusting the angle precision of two-to-two perpendicularity of three substrates by the change of the fringes, gluing the square substrate on the solid pyramid, then integrally obliquely cutting the circle by a cutting machine, filling glue in a gap between the solid pyramid and the substrate in the cutting process, further obliquely processing the substrate to obtain a single irregular elliptic arc substrate, and simultaneously avoiding damage to a reflecting surface of a coated film caused by cutting to influence on the product quality, the visual aesthetics and consistency of the hollow retroreflector are maintained while angular accuracy is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical instruments, and particularly relates to a method for processing, shaping and modulating a hollow retroreflector.
Background
At present, most prisms used with optical measuring instruments (such as total stations) are pyramid prisms, a glass pyramid is installed inside the prism and used for reflecting ranging laser beams emitted by the measuring instruments, the ranging laser beams are reflected back into the measuring instruments in a path parallel to incident light after encountering the prism, and the distance between the measuring instruments and the prisms is calculated according to the propagation time or phase difference of the light. Because the pyramid prism is solid glass body, the range finding light beam can make a round trip to change in these two kinds of media of air and glass to the phenomenon such as reflection and refraction that has light along with can lead to measurement accuracy low, thereby the luminous intensity that returns to measuring instrument reduces the range of measuring instrument, still can lead to self constant error owing to the volume of the glass pyramid in the pyramid prism, thickness, the nonconformity of material simultaneously.
In addition, there is also a prism which is a corner prism, and three mutually perpendicular reflection surfaces are arranged in the prism, and the distance measuring beam is reflected by the three mutually perpendicular surfaces in a medium such as air and returned to the measuring instrument, and there is no glass reflection and refraction process in the middle, and the distance measuring laser energy is not attenuated by the prism, and there is no self constant error caused by the inconsistency of the refractive indexes of the glass and the air because the constant of the corner prism has no relation with the volume of the prism.
The working principle of the hollow retroreflector is that any path of light can return from the original path when being incident from any angle within the diameter range of the entrance pupil, the key index of the hollow retroreflector is the angular precision, and the higher the precision of the angular precision is, the better the precision and the performance of the original path return are. Under same incident condition, the entrance pupil diameter is bigger, it is bigger to lead to the light bore, be convenient for more catch the target, the energy of increase reverberation, the incident light scope that the cavity retroreflector can accept is bigger, the range of application is just wider, but the demand along with customer application is different, it has very big difficulty to guarantee angle precision again to cut the plastic, current cavity retroreflector is all by the hollow pyramid that three glass substrate bonding combination formed together, under same circumference condition, can guarantee great entrance pupil diameter when the bottom surface cross-section of hollow cone is the circle, and the substrate that prior art makes up hollow pyramid is right angled triangle or right angle fan-shaped mostly, all obtain through directly polishing, and it is circular to guarantee the bottom surface of hollow pyramid, it is comparatively difficult to cut the plastic, can't accomplish the cutting plastic when guaranteeing angle precision.
The patent with the application number of CN201610540905.7 discloses a hollow cube-corner reflector and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the hollow cube-corner reflector comprises a reflector plate and a connecting edge, the reflector plate comprises a first lens, a second lens and a third lens, the connecting edge comprises a first connecting edge of the first lens connected with the second lens, a second connecting edge of the first lens connected with the third lens and a third connecting edge of the second lens connected with the third lens; one or more auxiliary lenses are fixed on the connecting edge. Although certain angle precision can be guaranteed, because a plurality of auxiliary lenses need additionally to be processed, the many level crossing junction is polished many times simultaneously, and the process is loaded down with trivial details, and the processing cost is higher, and its logical light bore receives the restraint of level crossing processing technology itself simultaneously, can't accomplish the maximize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for processing, shaping and modulating a hollow retroreflector.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a processing, shaping and modulating method of a hollow retroreflector comprises the following steps:
(1) polishing one of three square substrates for assembling the hollow retroreflector, gluing the polished surfaces of the three square substrates with three polished side surfaces of a solid pyramid by glue softened by heating, and alternately gluing the three square substrates by the same glue in pairs, wherein the bottom of the solid pyramid is a polished standard plane circle, the three polished side surfaces are rotationally symmetrical, and a symmetry axis is the central axis of the polished standard plane circle at the bottom of the solid pyramid; the polished square substrate is beneficial to eliminating the fit clearance between the solid pyramid and the square substrate, the consistency of each square substrate is ensured in the cutting process, and meanwhile, the polished square substrate is also convenient to be plated with a film, so that the reflectivity after plating a metal protective film is increased.
(2) Taking a polished standard plane circle at the bottom of a solid pyramid as a reference surface, integrally and obliquely carving the circle of a tangent to form three irregular elliptical arc-shaped substrates after the three square substrates are integrally and obliquely carved to form three irregular elliptical arc-shaped substrates, combining the three irregular elliptical arc-shaped slices into a hollow pyramid without a bottom surface, and enabling the cross section of the bottom surface of the hollow pyramid to be circular; the circle can be used as a reference in the angle precision modulation process, the regularity of the three elliptic arc-shaped substrates can be conveniently modulated, and the visual attractiveness and consistency of the circular hollow retroreflector are kept.
(3) Heating the polished surfaces of the three elliptic arc substrates in the step (2) to separate the three elliptic arc substrates from the solid pyramid, and plating a metal protective film on the polished surfaces of the three elliptic arc substrates; the coating film is beneficial to increasing the reflectivity of the elliptic arc substrate.
(4) Adjusting the angle precision of the three elliptical arc-shaped substrates through an angle precision adjusting platform, and gluing every two contact surfaces of the three elliptical arc-shaped substrates by using violet glue after the angle precision is adjusted to obtain a hollow retroreflector; the ultraviolet light gluing has the advantages that the ultraviolet light gluing can be cured in the ultraviolet light irradiation process, the ultraviolet light gluing is liquid when no ultraviolet light is irradiated, and the elliptical arc-shaped substrate is polished in advance, so that the gluing surface is ensured to be small (aiming at the thickness of the elliptical arc) in the gluing process, the passing efficiency of every two vertical metal-plated protective film surfaces is increased, and the product performance is improved.
The bevel problem which is difficult to finish in normal processing can be finished by cutting a circle through a solid pyramid, the beveling angle of a single substrate is calculated to be 53.27 degrees, and the substrate is longitudinally cut into a partial oval shape, so that the processing difficulty caused by only using machinery and laser to process the single substrate is avoided.
The angular precision adjusting platform comprises a laser interferometer, a base and three optical adjusting frames fixed on the base, the three optical adjusting frames are obliquely arranged towards the central axis of the horizontal plane where the base is located, and the unpolished surfaces of the three elliptic arc-shaped substrates are respectively glued with the three optical adjusting frames through the same glue in the step (1). The glue can select 417 instantaneous glue for gluing, and the gaps of each surface of the elliptical arc-shaped substrate and the solid pyramid are filled through the fluid characteristics of the glue, so that the elliptical arc-shaped substrate and the solid pyramid are ensured to have no interlayer after the glue is completely cured, and the carving edge breakage can be effectively prevented in the mechanical carving process. Meanwhile, 417 glue can be softened when being heated, so that the shaped elliptical arc substrate can be quickly and conveniently detached, and the subsequent angular precision modulation of the elliptical arc substrate is realized.
The square substrate is glued on the solid pyramid, the cutting machine is used for integrally inclining, rounding and carving, the glue fills the gap between the solid pyramid and the substrate in the cutting process, the substrate can be inclined to obtain a single irregular elliptic arc substrate, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the reflection surface of a coated film is damaged by cutting is avoided, and the product quality is influenced.
Furthermore, the three square substrates are made of fused quartz materials, the materials are high in hardness, good in heat resistance, small in expansion and contraction, quick in heat dissipation, and capable of being broken less in the machining process, or the materials have high absorption peaks for a 1064nm laser cutting machine in the laser cutting process, and a new processing method is added for cutting and processing the substrates.
Further, the solid pyramid is made of glass made of K9 material.
Further, the base in the step (4) is made of aluminum alloy hard steel, so that stress deformation of the material is reduced, and the modulation angle precision is increased.
Further, the method for adjusting the angular accuracy in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
A. adjusting the three optical adjusting frames to enable the three elliptic arc substrates to be alternately vertical in pairs to form a hollow pyramid without a bottom surface, wherein the cross section of the bottom surface of the hollow pyramid is a circular surface, and the neatness of the three elliptic arc substrates is adjusted by taking the circular surface as a reference;
B. and B, emitting laser from the bottom side of the hollow pyramid formed in the step A to the inside of the hollow pyramid through a laser interferometer, reflecting the laser to the laser interferometer through the hollow pyramid, forming interference fringes on the laser interferometer, and determining the angular precision by observing the number of the interference fringes.
Further, the laser interferometer adopts a green laser interferometer.
Further, the size of the angular precision in step B is converted by the following formula: angular accuracy seconds is the number of fringes × entrance pupil diameter/43.5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. through with square substrate veneer on solid pyramid, the rethread cutting machine carries out whole slope circle of cutting sculpture, glue fills the gap between solid pyramid and the substrate in cutting process, the slope processing that can one step be the substrate obtains single anomalous elliptical arc shape substrate for the cavity retroreflector that finally obtains presents a holistic circular in vertical direction, the clear bore of increase cavity retroreflector, avoid the cutting to cause the damage to the plane of reflection of coating film simultaneously, influence product quality.
2. The visual aesthetics and consistency of the hollow retroreflector are maintained while angular accuracy is ensured.
3. The bevel problem which is difficult to finish in normal processing can be finished by cutting a circle through a solid pyramid, the beveling angle of a single substrate is calculated to be 53.27 degrees, and the substrate is longitudinally cut into a partial oval shape, so that the processing difficulty caused by only using machinery and laser to process the single substrate is avoided.
4. By observing the number of the stripes and performing formula conversion, the angle precision can be obtained, so that the precision of the hollow retroreflector is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the hollow reflector of the present invention;
FIGS. 2-4 are top, side, and bottom views, respectively, of the hollow retroreflector of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a solid pyramid of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG. 5, and FIG. 7 is a side view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the structure of the present invention formed by gluing square substrates onto solid pyramids;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an angular precision adjustment stage according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a laser interferometer; 2. a base; 3. a frame; 4. an optical adjusting frame.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a processing, shaping and modulating method of a hollow retroreflector comprises the following steps:
(1) polishing one of three square substrates for assembling the hollow retroreflector, gluing the polished surfaces of the three square substrates with three polished side surfaces of a solid pyramid by glue softened by heating, and alternately gluing the three square substrates by the same glue in pairs, wherein the bottom of the solid pyramid is a polished standard plane circle, the three polished side surfaces are rotationally symmetrical, and a symmetry axis is the central axis of the polished standard plane circle at the bottom of the solid pyramid; the polished square substrate is beneficial to eliminating the fit clearance between the solid pyramid and the square substrate, the consistency of each square substrate is ensured in the cutting process, and meanwhile, the polished square substrate is also convenient to be plated with a film, so that the reflectivity after plating the metal film is increased.
(2) Taking a polished standard plane circle at the bottom of a solid pyramid as a reference surface, integrally and obliquely carving the circle of a tangent to form three irregular elliptical arc-shaped substrates after the three square substrates are integrally and obliquely carved to form three irregular elliptical arc-shaped substrates, combining the three irregular elliptical arc-shaped slices into a hollow pyramid without a bottom surface, and enabling the cross section of the bottom surface of the hollow pyramid to be circular; the circle can be used as a reference in the angle precision modulation process, the regularity of the three elliptic arc-shaped substrates can be conveniently modulated, and the visual attractiveness and consistency of the circular hollow retroreflector are kept.
(3) Heating the polished surfaces of the three elliptic arc substrates in the step (2) to separate the three elliptic arc substrates from the solid pyramid, and plating a metal protective film on the polished surfaces of the three elliptic arc substrates; the coating film is beneficial to increasing the reflectivity of the elliptic arc substrate.
(4) Adjusting the angular precision of the three elliptical arc-shaped substrates through an angular precision modulation platform, and gluing every two contact positions between the three elliptical arc-shaped substrates by using lac glue in the angular precision modulation process to obtain a hollow retroreflector; the ultraviolet light gluing has the advantages that the ultraviolet light gluing can be cured in the ultraviolet light irradiation process, the ultraviolet light gluing is liquid when no ultraviolet light is irradiated, and the elliptical arc-shaped substrate is polished in advance, so that the gluing surface is ensured to be small (aiming at the thickness of the elliptical arc-shaped substrate) in the gluing process, the passing efficiency of every two vertical metal plating film surfaces is increased, and the product performance is improved.
The bevel problem which is difficult to finish in normal processing can be finished by cutting a circle through a solid pyramid, the beveling angle of a single substrate is calculated to be 53.27 degrees, and the substrate is longitudinally cut into a partial oval shape, so that the processing difficulty caused by only using machinery and laser to process the single substrate is avoided.
The angle precision adjusting platform comprises a laser interferometer 1, a base 2 and three optical adjusting frames 4 fixed on the base 2, wherein the optical adjusting frames are of KOHZU type: HME-2, the three optical adjusting frames 4 are obliquely arranged towards the central axis of the horizontal plane of the base 2, and the unpolished surfaces of the three elliptic arc substrates are respectively glued with the lens frames 3 on the three optical adjusting frames 4 by the same glue in the step (1). The glue can select 417 instantaneous glue for gluing, and the gaps of each surface of the elliptical arc-shaped substrate and the solid pyramid are filled through the fluid characteristics of the glue, so that the elliptical arc-shaped substrate and the solid pyramid are ensured to have no interlayer after the glue is completely cured, and the carving edge breakage can be effectively prevented in the mechanical carving process. Meanwhile, 417 glue can be softened when being heated, so that the shaped elliptical arc substrate can be quickly and conveniently detached, and the subsequent angular precision modulation of the elliptical arc substrate is realized.
Furthermore, the three square substrates are made of fused quartz materials, the materials are high in hardness, good in heat resistance, small in expansion and contraction, quick in heat dissipation, and capable of being broken less in the machining process, or the materials have high absorption peaks for a 1064nm laser cutting machine in the laser cutting process, and a new processing method is added for cutting and processing the substrates.
Further, the solid pyramid is made of glass made of K9 material.
Further, the base in the step (4) is made of aluminum alloy hard steel, so that stress deformation of the material is reduced, and the modulation angle precision is increased.
Further, the method for adjusting the angular accuracy in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
A. adjusting the three optical adjusting frames 4 to enable the three elliptic arc substrates to be alternately vertical in pairs to form a hollow pyramid without a bottom surface, wherein the cross section of the bottom surface of the hollow pyramid is a circular surface, and the neatness of the three elliptic arc substrates is adjusted by taking the circular surface as a reference;
B. b, emitting green laser from the bottom side of the hollow pyramid formed in the step A to the inside of the hollow pyramid through a laser interferometer, reflecting the green laser to the laser interferometer through the hollow pyramid, forming interference fringes on the laser interferometer, and determining the angular precision by observing the number of the interference fringes, wherein the angular precision is specifically calculated through the following formula: the angular accuracy second is the number of fringes × entrance pupil diameter/43.5, and can be basically determined by conversion using a formula, the number of fringes is two with an angular accuracy of 3 seconds, and the number of fringes is half with an angular accuracy of 1 or less.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A processing, shaping and modulating method of a hollow retroreflector is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) polishing one of three square substrates for assembling the hollow retroreflector, gluing the polished surfaces of the three square substrates with three polished side surfaces of a solid pyramid by glue softened by heating, and alternately gluing the three square substrates by the same glue in pairs, wherein the bottom of the solid pyramid is a polished standard plane circle, the three polished side surfaces are rotationally symmetrical, and a symmetry axis is the central axis of the polished standard plane circle at the bottom of the solid pyramid;
(2) taking a polished standard plane circle at the bottom of a solid pyramid as a reference plane, integrally and obliquely cutting and carving three square substrates into a circle, wherein the oblique cutting angle of a single substrate is calculated to be 53.27 degrees, the substrate is longitudinally cut into a partial ellipse, so that three irregular elliptical arc-shaped substrates are obtained after the three square substrates are integrally and obliquely cut into the circle, the three irregular elliptical arc-shaped substrates are combined into a hollow pyramid without a bottom surface, and the cross section of the bottom surface of the hollow pyramid is circular;
(3) heating the polished surfaces of the three elliptic arc substrates in the step (2) to separate the three elliptic arc substrates from the solid pyramid, and plating a metal protective film on the polished surfaces of the three elliptic arc substrates;
(4) adjusting the angle precision of the three elliptical arc-shaped substrates through an angle precision adjusting platform, and gluing every two contact surfaces of the three elliptical arc-shaped substrates by using violet glue after the angle precision is adjusted to obtain a hollow retroreflector;
the angular precision adjusting platform comprises a laser interferometer, a base and three optical adjusting frames fixed on the base, the three optical adjusting frames are obliquely arranged towards the central axis of the horizontal plane where the base is located, and the unpolished surfaces of the three elliptic arc-shaped substrates are respectively glued with the three optical adjusting frames through the same glue in the step (1);
the method for adjusting the angular precision in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
A. adjusting the three optical adjusting frames to enable the three elliptic arc substrates to be alternately vertical in pairs to form a hollow pyramid without a bottom surface, wherein the cross section of the bottom surface of the hollow pyramid is a circular surface, and the neatness of the three elliptic arc substrates is adjusted by taking the circular surface as a reference;
B. and B, emitting laser from the bottom side of the hollow pyramid formed in the step A to the inside of the hollow pyramid through a laser interferometer, reflecting the laser to the laser interferometer through the hollow pyramid, forming interference fringes on the laser interferometer, and determining the angular precision by observing the number of the interference fringes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said three square substrates are made of fused silica.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said solid pyramids are made of K9 glass.
4. The method for machining, shaping and modulating the hollow retroreflector of claim 1 wherein the base in the step (4) is made of an aluminum alloy hard steel material.
5. The method for machining, shaping and modulating the hollow retroreflector of claim 1 wherein the laser interferometer is a green laser interferometer.
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| CN112238160A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-19 | 武汉优光科技有限责任公司 | Device and method for modulating tangent circle hollow retroreflector |
| CN112987147B (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-04-12 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Method for manufacturing hollow pyramid prism |
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